U.S. HISTORY
Chapter 3 (Section 4 and 5)
1. What movements in the late 1800s addressed urban problems?
Social Gospel, Revivalism, and settlement house movement
2. How did the Social Darwinists and members of the Social Gospel movement differ in their views of individuals in the
industrialized society?
Social Darwinism believed that it was survival of the fittest.
Social Gospel believed that some individuals suffer because of competition and should be assisted
3. What was the significance of the Supreme Court’s ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson?
Plessy challenged a state law that forced him to ride in a separate railroad car leading to the Supreme
Court decision stabling “separate but equal” doctrine continuing segregation.
4. After Reconstruction, why did many African Americans in the South live in conditions that were little better than
slavery?
They owned no property and worked as sharecroppers.
1
Gilded Age - The decades after the Civil War were in many ways a time of marvels. Amazing new inventions
led to rapid industrial growth. Cities expanded to sizes never seen before. Masses of workers thronged the
streets. Skyscrapers reached to the sky, and electric lights banished the darkness. Newly wealthy
entrepreneurs built spectacular mansions.
A gilded age might appear to sparkle, but Twain, Warner, and other writers sought to point out
that beneath the surface lay corruption, poverty, crime, and great disparities in wealth between the rich and the
poor.
2
Social Darwinism - “Survival of the fittest” ; paralleled the economic doctrine of laissez-faire that opposed any
government programs that interfered with business
3
Individualism - “rags-to-riches”; many Americans firmly believed that no matter how humble their origins, they
could rise in society and go as far as their talents and commitment would take them.
4
Philanthropy – wealthy Americans using their great fortunes to further social progress
5
Social Gospel - movement strove to improve conditions in cities according to the biblical ideals of charity and
justice
6
Americanization – to assimilate newcomers (immigrants) into American culture, schools taught immigrant
children English, American history, and the responsibilities of citizenship. They also tried to instill discipline and
a strong work ethic, values considered important to the nation’s progress
Creating A Nation – Chapter 3 (Section 4 and 5)
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7
Populism - a movement to increase farmers’ political power and to work for legislation in their interest
8
Inflation - a decline in the value of money; as the paper money loses value, the prices of goods soars
9
Deflation - an increase in the value of money and a decrease in the general level of prices; deflation hit
farmers especially hard
10
Graduated income tax – taxing higher earnings more heavily
11
Poll Tax – requiring that all citizens registering to vote pay a $2 sum; it was beyond the means of most poor
African Americans)
12
Grandfather clause - allowing any man to vote if he had an ancestor who appeared on voting rolls
13
Jim Crow laws - The statutes enforcing segregation or separation of the races perpetuating discrimination
TIME Notebook section:
1. Livin’ in the City: What is the total annual income for a Georgia family of four in 1890?
$322
2. Livin’ in the City: What are the total annual expenses?
$382.40
3. Livin’ in the City: How much is clothing?
$46
4. Livin’ in the City: How much is vacation?
$3.25
5. Milestones: Who killed a conductor and a passenger n 1881?
Jesse James
6. Milestones: Who was removed from a coach onto a train?
Ida B. Wells
7. Milestones: What was established in 1883?
Standard Time
8. Milestones: Who was arrested in Rochester, New York?
Susan B. Anthony
9. Numbers:
What is the daily wage for a farm laborer?
$2
10. Numbers:
What is the daily wage for a plumber?
$4
11. Numbers: What is the price of a wool suit?
$8
12. Numbers: What is the price of one pound of rice?
$.04
13. Numbers: What is the price of admission to a museum?
$.25
Week 9 of 13.
The 8th quiz towards your midterm.
Creating A Nation – Chapter 3 (Section 4 and 5)
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