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Chapter Review
Society depends on natural resources for
energy and materials.
CONTENT REVIEW
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KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY
3.1
Natural resources support human activity.
Renewable Resources
• Sunlight
• Wind
• Water
• Trees, other plants
• Plant and animal waste
Energy
Examples
of Products
• Fuels
• Plastics
• Electronic
goods
Resources can
be conserved
and recycled.
People can conserve
natural resources by
reducing waste at the
source and reusing
products.
3.3
VOCABULARY
conservation p. 93
recycling p. 94
Recycling helps people recover materials,
reduce the use of fossil fuels, and protect the environment and human health.
Energy comes from other natural resources.
Nuclear
power plants
uranium
Hydroelectric
dams
flowing
water
Solar cells
sunlight
A
natural resource p. 83
renewable resource
p. 84
nonrenewable
resource p. 84
fossil fuel p. 86
Examples
of Products
• Lumber
• Paper
• Clothing
Nonrenewable Resources
• Coal
• Oil, natural gas
• Uranium
• Minerals, rocks
3.2
VOCABULARY
108 Unit: Earth’s History and Resources
VOCABULARY
Geothermal
plants
Earth’s heat
Electrical
Energy
Biomass
stations
plant and
animal waste
Wind farms
moving air
Hydrogen
fuel cells
hydrogen
nuclear fission p. 97
hydroelectric energy
p. 100
solar cell p. 101
geothermal energy
p. 102
biomass p. 104
hydrogen fuel cell
p. 104
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Reviewing Vocabulary
Copy the chart below, and write each word’s
definition. Use the meaning of the underlined
word part to help you.
Word
Meaning of Part
1. Natural
to rise again
Definition
resource
2. Renewable
to refresh
resource
3. Nonrenewable
resource
not to
refresh
4. Fossil fuel
material that
burns
5. Nuclear
nut or kernel
energy
6. Geothermal
heat
energy
Reviewing Key Concepts
Multiple Choice Choose the letter of the
best answer.
7. What makes wind a renewable resource?
a. no pollution
c. no waste products
b. varied speeds
d. unlimited supply
8. Which of the following is a nonrenewable
resource?
a. trees
c. sunlight
b. oil
d. geothermal energy
9. Fossil fuels provide most of the energy used in
the United States because they
a. are found everywhere in the world
b. have no harmful byproducts
c. are easy to transport and burn
d. can be quickly replaced in nature
10. Which part of a power plant actually produces
electricity?
a. boiler
c. turbine
b. generator
d. power lines
11. Which of the following is not a problem
associated with the use of fossil fuels?
a. air pollution
c. limited supply
b. explosions
d. radiation
12. Which category of products is the most
dependent on oil?
a. pottery
c. plastics
b. coins
d. paper
13. How do nuclear power plants generate
the heat energy to turn water into steam?
a. by drawing hot water from Earth’s crust
b. by producing an electric current
c. by turning a turbine
d. by splitting uranium atoms
14. Hydroelectric energy is produced by using the
force of
a. wind
c. moving water
b. sunlight
d. living matter
15. Solar cells produce which of the following?
a. heat energy
c. radiation
b. steam
d. electricity
16. What limits the use of biomass liquid fuels?
a. not enough plant material
b. too expensive to mass-produce
c. not enough energy generated
d. too many harmful byproducts
17. Hydrogen fuel cells produce electricity when
a. electrons from hydrogen leave the cell
b. hydrogen is separated from fossil fuels
c. protons from hydrogen combine with oxygen
d. hydrogen fuel flows into the cell
Short Answer Write a few sentences to
answer each question.
18. Why is it important to find renewable sources
of energy?
19. Why is conservation of natural resources
important?
20. How can recycling help reduce the use
of fossil fuels?
Chapter 3: Natural Resources 109
A
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Charting Information
Thinking Critically
Use the circle graphs below to answer the
following questions.
Copy and fill in this chart.
Type of Energy
Energy Sources
Region A
Region B
Produces
Energy From
28. uranium
Byproducts
radioactive waste
29. fossil fuel
burning oil, coal
30.
moving air
none
burning wood
carbon dioxide
31. river
32. sunlight
33.
34. hydrogen
Oil
Coal
Nuclear
Hydroelectric
Solar
Biomass
Wind
21. INTERPRET Which colors represent nonrenewable resources and which ones represent
renewable resources?
22. CALCULATE Fossil fuels and nuclear energy together represent about what percentage of the
total energy resources in region A? in region B?
23. PREDICT If the price of nonrenewable energy
sources rises sharply, which region is likely to be
affected more? Why?
24. DRAW CONCLUSIONS What might be one reason
that region A uses a greater percentage of fossil
fuels and nuclear energy than region B does?
25. INFER Look at the renewable energy sources
used in each region. What can you infer about
the climate in region A compared with the
climate in region B?
26. IDENTIFY CAUSES Why might region B use so
much more hydroelectric energy?
27. SYNTHESIZE Region C gets half of its electrical
energy from fossil fuels. The region has only
100 days of clear sunlight a year but has abundant plant crops and strong, steady winds.
Draw a circle graph for region C, showing the
percentage of fossil fuels and the percentage
of each renewable energy source the region
might use. Explain your choices.
A
110 Unit: Earth’s History and Resources
35. APPLY Look again at the photograph on
pages 80 and 81. Reread the question on the
photograph. Now that you have finished the
chapter, what would you add to or change
about your answer?
36. SYNTHESIZE Imagine that you are a scientist
or engineer who is developing a new energy
source. What characteristics would you want
your energy source to have? List your choices
in order of importance, with the most important
first—for instance, nonpolluting, inexpensive
to mass-produce, and so on.
37. APPLY If you were in charge of your town
or city, what measures would you take to
conserve natural resources?
Evaluate all the data, results, and information
in your project folder. Prepare to present
your project.
Page 4 of 4
Standardized Test Practice
For practice on your
state test, go to . . .
TEST PRACTICE
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Analyzing a Graph
This graph shows what happens to fuels consumed for energy in the United States.
Some of this energy is used and some is lost as heat. Use the graph to answer the
questions below.
Energy Consumption
used
Transportation, 5%
lost
Energy category
Industry, 15%
Homes and Businesses, 15%
Other, 6%
Generating Electricity, 28%
Transportation, 22%
Industry, 4%
Homes and Businesses, 5%
5
10
15
20
25
Percent
30
35
SOURCE: Energy Information Agency
1. How much energy is used for transportation and
industry?
a. 15 percent
c. 30 percent
b. 20 percent
d. 35 percent
2. What is the total amount of energy used and lost
in industry?
a. 4 percent
c. 19 percent
b. 15 percent
d. 28 percent
Extended Response
Answer the two questions below in detail.
Include some of the terms in the word box.
In your answers, underline each term you use.
7. Explain the difference between reusing and
recycling products. How does each activity help
to reduce the use of natural resources?
3. What is the largest category of lost energy?
a. transportation
b. homes and businesses
c. generating electricity
d. industry
4. Which category would include energy used to
heat a grocery store?
a. used in homes and businesses
b. used in industry
c. used in transportation
d. used in other ways
5. If cars burned fuel more efficiently, which category
would probably be smaller?
a. used in homes and businesses
b. used in other ways
c. lost in transportation
d. lost in industry
6. Which statement is true about energy used and
lost in transportation?
a. The amount lost is greater than the
amount used.
b. The amount used is greater than the
amount lost.
c. The amounts used and lost are about the same.
d. The amounts used and lost are very low
in comparison to the other categories.
reusing
electricity
recycling
hot water
conserve
factories
extends
8. Give three or more examples of ways in which
people in the United States use or rely on energy
resources every day.
Chapter 3: Natural Resources 111
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