14 April 2009
November
2014
Volume
Number81
Volume
11,6,Number
Crop Watch is distributed for SARDI through Jon Lamb Communications.
Cereal
Pulsesdiseases
Wheat leaf rust
“Blackspot Manager”
available on website
for 2009
A new strain of leaf rust reported on in the previous
Crop Watch newsletter has caused a few surprises.
Firstly the strain is sufficiently different from all previous
samples that it has been classed as an “exotic” strain,
Predictions
of blackspot
release
infected
meaning
that
it is likely spore
to have
beenfrom
carried
into pea
the
stubbles,
made
by
“Blackspot
Manager”,
are
now
country from an overseas location very recently.available
for the 2009 season for ten sites across South Australia.
From
results
by of
Robert
Park and
of the
University
Developed
by provided
Department
Agriculture
Food
Western
of
Sydney,
Plant
Breeding
Institute
it
has
been
Australia (DAFWA), these updates can be accessedshown
at the
that
leaf-rust samples submitted in September from Mt
website
Hope
on the Eyre Peninsula (Wyalkatchem)
well as
http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/cropdiseases
underas
‘Crop
from
Moonta
(Axe)
and
Port
Broughton
(Corack)
on the
disease forecast 2009’ ‘South Australia’
Yorke
Peninsula
are
the
new
strain.
This
is
in
addition
Interpretation of how to use the output is included on
to
thesamples
website. from the Adelaide Plains and Bool Lagoon
(Revenue)
in August. It is likely therefore that the strain
The outputs will be updated every 1-2 weeks until mid
was
present
in SA weather
last yeardata
andtopossibly
in previous
June, using current
help growers
and
years,
albeit
at
a
very
low
level
and
hence
undetected.
agronomists determine the optimum sowing dates
for
The
volunteers in early 2014 and possibly in
field summer
peas.
2013
have allowed
thefew
rust
to survive
through
These would
first predictions
indicate
spores
have been
summer
and
it
was
the
ideal
conditions
in
2014
that
released yet, due to the lack of rain over summer and
early
favoured
widespread
increase
and
detection
of
the
autumn. Rain in December has caused the blackspot
rust.
earlytodetection
of leaf and
rustifatrain
Wharminda,
fruitingThe
bodies
start maturation,
occurs on a
reported
on in
previous
Crop
Watch
wasin
weekly basis
from
now, then
spores
willnewsletters,
reach their peak
early
to mid
May atstrain.
most sites (blue line in graphs).
an
earlier
known
However, a delay in autumn rains will delay the spore
release
into sowing
periods
(red line
graphs) increasing
From GRDC
funded
NVT trials
it isinapparent
that
the
risk
of
blackspot.
several varieties are more susceptible to the new
Blackspot
infection
on field
peas
reduced
if pea
exotic strain
than they
were
to isthe
previous
leafcrops
rust are
planted
the indication
numbers ofofairborne
spores have
reduced.
strains. after
Some
these changes,
although
‘Blackspot
Manager’
enablesingrowers
in different
incomplete,
was provided
the recent
Southregions of
the
state
to
identify
the
risk
of
blackspot
associated
with
Australian Sowing Guide produced by SARDI. The
particular sowing dates.
changes provided below are provisional in that they
Any
regarding
the model
in South
Australia
havecommunication
not been endorsed
through
the NVT
rating
should
be
directed
to
Jenny
Davidson
at
SARDI,
83039389
process and are presented as a range of possible new
or [email protected]
responses. They are provided here to assist in early
variety selection for 2015. Varieties not listed are either
unchanged or are not likely to be a problem. A full list
with endorsed changes will be provided in the Cereal
Variety Disease Guide early in the new year.
Cereals
Axe Rusts
Corack S-SVS
SVS-VS
There have been no reports of wheat stripe or leaf rust
over-summering
Emu Rock anywhere
SVS in Australia to date. Stem rust
has however been observed on volunteer cereals in northCL+
MSS-S
ernGrenade
NSW and southern
Western
Australia. Barley leaf rust is
also common on volunteer barley in southern Western
Mace MS-S
Australia. Whilst there is no immediate risk from any of the
rusts
in SA, stripe rust is likely to be present in NSW and
RevenueMSS-SVS
rust spores can travel large distances on the wind into
WA andS-SVS
SA Wallup
from both
NSW. So, despite the lack of
many volunteers in SA through summer and early autumn,
Wyalkatchem S-SVS
growers should continue to take precautions to manage
these diseases.
Net blotch
What is most apparent from these suggested changes
is that a large area of South Australia is now sown
Recent
glasshouse
adult plantstowith
to
varieties
that aretesting
quite of
susceptible
leafnew
rust.isolates
of
net
blotch
has
suggested
that
Hindmarsh
is
similar
in
Much of the wheat area in SA was protected in 2014
resistance
as Keel
to thetonew
NFNB
and not as
by
fungicides
applied
Mace
andpopulation
other varieties
to
protect against
stripefeared.
rust. There
will now
bevarieties
susceptible
as previously
The rating
of both
further
toprobably
protect MS
these
future
years
as adultreason
plants is
andcrops
not asinbad
as Barque
particularly
volunteer
wheat
is present
in summer.
has been to ifthe
previously
predominant
strain.
Baudin on
the other hand is clearly quite susceptible to the new
Barley
leaf
rust
population and
should
not be grown where NFNB is a risk.
Although
barley
rust was much
less prevalent
Most varieties
willleaf
be susceptible
as seedlings
to both the
this
year
than
previous
years,
new
virulence
on thegood
older and new populations of NFNB. Fleet has shown
gene
Rph3
was
found
in
SA.
This
strain
has
resulted
resistance to both populations at the seedling and
adult
in
Compass
showing
a
much
greater
degree
of
plant stages in growth room tests.
susceptibility than in previous years. GRDC NVT
variety trials at Port Clinton and Kingsford indicated
that Compass should be rated at an MSS or S level
to this strain. Previously Compass was rated as MR.
Charger (now MS) and Bass (SVS) also rated lower
than previously.
Wheat
streak
mosaic
virus.
Crop Watch
is an electronic
newsletter
service
Some
growers
have shown a level of concern about
provided
by SARDI.
seed transmission of wheat streak mosaic virus and
If youbeen
would
like touninfected
receive this
newsletter
please
have
seeking
seed
for sowing
in 2015.
send your email address to Jon Lamb, Jon Lamb
To
the best of our knowledge
transmission by seed
[email protected]
Communications
occurs
at
a
very
low
and
too
low
- titled "Crop Watch request". to have a direct effect
on crop yield. For serious infection to occur the virus
needs to be transmitted to many plants early in the
season and that requires the presence of the wheat
curl mite, Aceria tosichella, in autumn. Any invasion
of this mite is likely to bring the virus with it and
therefore a possible low level of seed infection will be
of minor significance.
The wheat curl mite is only likely to be a problem in
autumn when there has been a large area of volunteer
cereals growing throughout the summer - another
reason to try and control that green bridge should it
occur again.
Stem rust
Net blotch
Crop Watch is an electronic newsletter service
Stem rust was found late in the season in NVT wheat
Recent
testing
of adult
plants with
new isolates
provided by SARDI.
trials
at glasshouse
Kingsford and
in the
South-East
at Conmurra.
of netserves
blotchas
hasa suggested
that this
Hindmarsh
is remains
similar in a
This
reminder that
disease
Net
blotch
If you would likeCrop
to Watch
receive
newsletter
please
is anthis
electronic
newsletter
latent
threat
susceptible
varieties
should
notas plants with new The
SARDI
Pathology
team
invites
you toservice
resistance
as and
Keelthat
to the
new NFNB
population
and not
Recent glasshouse testing
of adult
isolates
provided
by SARDI.
send
your
email
address
to
Jon
Lamb,
Jon
Lamb
be
grown particularly
in feared.
high risk
areas
as along
contribute
to this publication by reporting local
susceptible
as previously
The
rating
of suggested
both
varieties
of
net
blotchsuch
has
that Hindmarsh is similar
in
If you
would like to receive this newsletter please
[email protected]
Communications
resistance
asbad
Keel
to
the
newEast
NFNB population andobservations
not as
coastlines
where
humidityMS
is high
andasin
theas
South
or commenting
items
as adult plants
is probably
and
not
Barque
send your
email address toon
Jon
Lamb,inJon Lamb
"Crop Watch
request"
.
susceptible
as previously feared. The rating-oftitled
both varieties
where
long
season
wheats
provide
over-summering
the
newsletter.
[email protected]
Communications
has been to the previously predominant
strain.
Baudin
as adult plants
is probably
MSon
and not as bad as Barque
- titled "Crop Watch request".
opportunities
the pathogen.
Stem rust
is much
the other handfor
is clearly
quite susceptible
new predominant strain. Baudin on
has been to to
thethe
previously
Comments should go to:
harder
to
control
with
fungicides
than
stripe
and
the other
handNFNB
is clearlyisquite
susceptible to the new
population and should not be grown
where
a risk.
Hugh Wallwork (cereals)
leaf rust.
population and should not be grown where NFNB is a risk.
Most varieties will be susceptible Most
as seedlings
the as seedlings to both [email protected],
varieties will to
be both
susceptible
Whilst
there
were
no surprises
withand
thenew
NVT
stem ofgood
older Fleet
populations
NFNB. Fleet has shown good
older and
new
populations
of NFNB.
has
shown
Jenny Davidson (pulses and oilseeds)
rust observations, trial data indicates
that
some
longat the seedling and adult
resistance to both populations
resistance to both populations at the seedling and adult
[email protected]
in growth
room tests.
season wheats are a problem. plant
Thestages
varieties
Einstein
plant stages in growth room tests.
(MSS),
Mansfield (S) and Preston (VS) are susceptible
with a copy to Jon Lamb Communications
or worse and should be avoided.
[email protected]
FEEDBACK WELCOME
Unless specifically requested otherwise the name
and location and/or company of the reporter may
be included with published comments.
FEEDBACK WELCOME
The SARDI Pathology team invites you to
contribute to this publication by reporting local
observations or commenting on items in
the newsletter.
Unless specifically requested otherwise the name
and location and/or company of the reporter may
be included with published comments.
Reports, particularly of early sightings of rusts or
where diagnosis is not certain, would have added
value if accompanied by a paper-packed sample.
Please do not send samples in plastic bags.
Send samples to
Field Crop Pathology, SARDI
GPO Box 397, Adelaide SA 5001
Reports, particularly of early sightings of rusts or
WELCOME
where diagnosis isFEEDBACK
not certain, would
have added
The SARDI
team invites
you to
value if accompanied
by a Pathology
paper-packed
sample.
contribute to this publication by reporting local
Please
do not send
samples
in plastic
bags.
Rust samples
can
also
beorsent
direct on
to
observations
commenting
items in
FEEDBACK WELCOME
the newsletter.
Australian CerealComments
Rust Survey
should go
to: to
The SARDI Pathology
team invites
you
Plant Breeding
Institute
Hugh
Wallwork
(cereals)
contribute to this publication by reporting local
[email protected],
Private
Bag 4011,
Narellan NSW
observations
or
commenting
on 2567
items in
Jenny Davidson (pulses and oilseeds)
the
newsletter.
[email protected]
should go to:
with a copy to Jon Lamb Communications
Comments should
go to:
[email protected]
Hugh Wallwork
(cereals)
Hugh
Wallwork
(cereals)
Unless specifically requested otherwise the name
[email protected],
[email protected],
and location and/or company of the reporter may
be included with published comments.
Jenny
Davidson
(pulsesand
andoilseeds)
oilseeds)
Jenny
Davidson
(pulses
Reports, particularly of early sightings of rusts or
[email protected]
where diagnosis is not certain, would have added
[email protected]
value
if accompanied
by a paper-packed sample.
Jon
Lamb Communications
with a copy to
Please do not send samples in plastic bags.
[email protected]
with a copy to
Jon
Lamb Communications
Unless
specifically
requested otherwise the name
and [email protected]
and/or company of the reporter may
be included with published comments.
Reports, particularly of early sightings of rusts or
where diagnosis is not certain, would have added