Earth History Chapter 12
1) How old is the Earth?
2) What evidence does the scientist use to help determine the age of the Earth?
3) What is a fossil?
4) What gets preserved in a fossil?
5) What replaces the hard parts?
6) Living organism that made the fossil live during the time __________ was formed.
7) What is the difference between a mold and a cast?
8) List all the types of fossils:
9) What type of rock can fossils usually be found in?
10) Why don’t fossils exist in most igneous or metamorphic rock?
11) What clues can fossils provide? Give two examples
12) List the three things fossil record shows:
13) What two things make a good index fossil?
14) Which fossil would make a good index fossil W X Y Z - why?
15) What is Uniformitarianism? What the examples?
16) What is the Geologic Time Scale based on?
17) What are the two types of Geologic Dating? Define both.
18) What is the method for Absolute Age?
19) What are the methods for Relative Age?
20) Define Law of Superposition.
21) According to Law of Superposition, where will the oldest rocks be found? When is the
exception?
22) In the diagram labeled Unconformity, in the third picture, what has happened to layer C? Then
what happened in the fourth picture? Define Unconformity.
Correlation is the method of matching ____________________ rock layers indifferent
___________________________ to see if they formed at the ___________________ time.
23) Answer the questions from slide 40 – support your answer
24) What else can be sued to correlate rock layers over large areas?
25) What makes volcanic ash a good indicator?(list all three)
26) What is Radioactive Decay?
27) Define an isotope.
28) Half life is the time required for ½ of a _____________________ material to break down to
_________________ material.
29) What would be used to measure something from a meteorite that was thought to date back
before the Earth was formed?
30) What would be used to measure the age of rocks from the beginning of the Earth?
31) What would be used to date something that had biological remains?
32) After watching the video, describe in your own words the Nebular Hypothesis.
33) What was going on during the Hadean eon?
34) Miller and Urey did what in 1953?
35) What gases did they add to the chamber?
36) What is the meteorite hypothesis?
37) Which of the two theories do you think started life on Earth? Why?
38) Iron- Sulfide bubble hypothesis says that what trapped organic molecules on the inside which
led to more complex structure which led to own membrane? What was the source of heat that
help create these bubbles?
39) What is a liposome? Why is there some thinking that this could be the start of the cell
membrane? (what do they have in common to the cell membrane)
40) What is a ribozyme? Name two reasons why RNA was most likely the first genetic material?
41) What quality made DNA the current carrier of all the genetic information?
42) What was the first living thing on Earth? Where was it found? What did it use for energy? What
was its waste product?
43) When did these organisms form on the Earth?
44) List in order the progression of life on earth. Bacteria and end with primates( two different
slides to help with this answer)
45) These bacteria belong to which type of cell? Are these cells simple or complexed?
46) The group of organisms that are complex organisms are called what?
47) What is special about these types of organisms?
48)
49)
50)
51)
What era did the forests and large explosion of life happen?
What era did dinosaurs roam the earth?
What era did mammals over a larger part of the earth?
What is important to us now , the events that happened during the Carboniferous time period?
52) What did birds evolve from? How long ago did this branch of life occur?
53) The first mammals where small__________ insect eating animals. What benefit to these
animals of being warm blooded(endotherms)?
54) What happened 65 million years ago that killed the dinosaurs? How big was it?
55) What happens after each mass extinction? This is a thinking questions …