Directions: Look carefully at the maps, charts, pictures, and graphs in this chapter, and
then answer the questions below in complete sentences.
Chapter 12: The Reformation
“Timeline” (pg. 325)
1. Who did Martin Luther criticize in 1517?
The catholic church
“German Woodcuts” (pg. 329)
2. Who is the main character in each of the two woodcuts?
The pope was the main character in this story
3. What does the artist seem to think about the pope?
I think that they think the pope was an angry man
“Martin Luther’s Message” (pg. 330)
4. What did Luther want to do with the Catholic Church?
Wanted to put suggestion and complaints in the front of church
5. What did the Catholic Church do to him?
I think the church criticized him
“Primary Source: Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses” (pg. 331)
6. Who did Martin Luther believe could grant forgiveness?
Cesar Chavez ?
7. Complete and write down this sentence found in the text: “It is a _vain___ and
__false__ thing to hope to be __saved__ through _indulgences____...”
The Surrender of Granada” (pg. 335)
9. Why do you think Spain’s Catholic leaders wanted to attack Granada?
“The Catholic Church Reforms” (pg. 336-337)
10. Why were the Jesuits (Society of Jesus) founded in 1534?
They were found by the Spanish noble
11. What happened with indulgences at the Council of Trent?
He was at the meeting clergy across Europe
12. What did the Council decide about Luther and Calvin?
The council decided that Luther and Calvin ideas were bad
“Spread of Catholicism, 1400s-1700s” (pg. 339)
13. Where did Catholic missionaries from Spain go and spread Christianity?
Catholic missionaries from Spain went and spread Christianity because they want to
teach people
“Religions in Europe, 1600” (pg. 341
14. Which religion was England? The England’s Religion were protestant
15. Which religion were the Papal States? (HINT: The Pope lived in the Papal States)
I think Papal States were Catholic
Chapter 13: Scientific Revolution:
“Timeline”(pg. 351)
1.How many years after Copernicus published his theory did
Galileo study the planets with his telescope? 63 years before Copernicus published his theory
2.What are some of the world events that were happening at
the same time as the events of the Scientific Revolution? Event that happened the same time as
the Scientific Revolution
“Venn Diagram: Science”(pg. 352)
3.What was science based on before the Scientific
Revolution? Scientific Revolution, science was based on church teachings
4.What was used for research after the Scientific Revolution? Scientific research was for
research, and it was spread
spread after the Scientific Revolution
“Roots of the Scientific Revolution”(pg. 356-357)
5.How did Muslims impact the Scientific Revolution? Scientific Revolution was the birth
of modern science, and the Muslims contributed to it
“Biography: Nicolas Copernicus” (pg. 358-359)
7. What did Copernicus believe was the center of the Solar System? the center of the universe
and that the sun
8. Even though Copernicus’ ideas were later published, what are two reasons he was afraid
To publish them?
Copernicus feared persecution and death
“Kepler’s Discoveries”(pg. 360)
9.What did Johannes Kepler discover about the shape of the planets’ orbits? plant’s shapes
weren’t circular they were in a shape of the oval
10.What happens to planets when they are closer to the sun?
The Plants moved faster when they are closer to the sun
“Primary Source: Galileo Defends His Work”(pg. 361)
11.What is one reason Galileo thought people were unhappy with his discoveries? They were
really mad because they’re new
“Biography: Sir Isaac Newton”(pg. 362)
12.What did Newton prove about the color of light? He color of light was made up of colors of
the rainbow
13. If the moon is moving forward, what force keeps it in orbit around the earth? gravity pulls the
moon toward Earth,
“The Scientific Method”(pg. 365)
14.What are two ways Francis Bacon gathered data? He gathered the data doing
experiments
15. How does the natural world operate according to Descartes?
THE WORLD OPERATES KINDA LIKE A MACHINE
When You’re Done
Based on everything you have looked at on these pages, what are three topics you are
interested to know more about?
The three I liked and want learn about more is Calculus, Science, and
especially Astronomy.