ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
ICS 20I
Unit 1: Introduction to Computers
Day 2 ­ Computer Hardware
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
Learning Goal: to be able to name the parts of a basic computer hardware
Warm­Up: What is a computer?
A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed.
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
Why/Where are computers used?
anywhere a calculation is required or may be useful
● some applications are obviously connected to math, numbers, and large quantities of data
● science & engineering
● finance
● communication
● video & music processing
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
Hardware vs. Software
Hardware and software are mutually dependent on each other. Both of them must work together to make a computer produce a useful output.
Software cannot be utilized without supporting hardware.
Hardware without set of programs to operate upon cannot be utilized and is useless.
Different software applications can be loaded on a hardware to run different jobs.
A software acts as an interface between the user and the hardware.
If hardware is the 'heart' of a computer system, then software is its 'soul'. Both are complimentary to each other.
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
Hardware
Input devices ­­ keyboard, mouse etc.
Output devices ­­ printer, monitor etc.
Secondary storage devices ­­ Hard disk, CD, DVD etc.
Internal components ­­ CPU, motherboard, RAM etc.
CPU
Motherboard
RAM
Expansion Card
Monitor
Power Supply
Optical Disk Drive
Mouse
Hard Disk Drive
Keyboard
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
Internal Components
the modern computer generally consists of six (6) primary components
– Central Processor
– Graphics Processor
– Working Memory
– Storage
– Power Supply – Motherboard
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
CPU: Central Processing Unit
CPU consists of the following features:
CPU is considered as the brain of the computer.
CPU performs all types of data processing operations.
It stores data, intermediate results and instructions(program).
It controls the operation of all parts of computer.
CPU itself has following three components.
Memory or Storage Unit
Control Unit
ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
CPU: continued
Memory: stores information, data or instructions as part of an operation. Stores final and intermediate results
Control: the cpu is "in charge" of all the parts of the computer. It manages and coordinates the other units in the computer
Arithemetic Logic: Decision making and calculations
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
Memory
How is computer memory similar to human memory?
Similar to human memory, computer memory has an upper limit.
Similar to human memory, computer memory can be deleted.
Similar to human memory, computer memory is used to recall data, images or instructions on how to complete tasks
Memory is primarily of three types
Cache Memory
Primary Memory/Main Memory
Secondary Memory
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
Main Memory­RAM
random access memory (RAM) contains informaon, or data, that is currently in use by programs running on the computer
● when a program is finished with some data, it may not be lost right away, but it will be replaced if another program needs the space
● space in RAM is limited, so programs need to avoid taking up too much of it
● data in RAM is lost when the power of the computer is turned off
memory is in the form of a semi‐conductor and is read/write...memory is erased when the machine is done performing its task.
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
Cache Memory
Used to hold part of a program of data that are used frequently
Advantage:fast, temporary memory,
Disadvantage: expensive, limited capacity
it is a high­speed access area that can be either a reserved section of main memory or storage device. Disk caching can dramatically improve the performance of applications because accessing a byte of data in RAM can be thousands of times faster than accessing a byte on a hard drive.
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
Main Memory­ Hard Drive/ Hard Disk/ Secondary Memory
provides a more permanent storage for data/ less volatile
● much slower, so not good for immediate use of data
● data persists even if the power is disconnected
● somewhat portable
– can be removed and transferred to another computer
­uses a magnetic head and disk to write sequences of 1 and 0
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
ROM­Read Only Memory
The memory from which we can only read but cannot write on it. This type of memory is non­volatile. The information is stored permanently in such memories during manufacture.
ROM, stores such instructions that are required to start a computer.
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
Motherboard
the motherboard bring all of the components of the computer together on a single circuit board and allows them to communicate with each other.
A motherboard connects CPU, memory, hard drives, optical drives, video card, sound card, and other ports and expansion cards directly or via cables. It can be considered as the backbone of a computer.
Popular Manufactures:
Intel
ASUS
AOpen
ABIT
Biostar
Gigabyte
MSI
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
Fan and Heat Sink
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
Internal Computer Components
The following drawing illustrates components on the inside of a computer:
The components inside a computer are:
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system or “mother” board
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power supply
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speaker
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connector ports
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expansion cards
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monitor cardc
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floppy drive
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hard drive
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CD­ROM
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CD­ROM Burner
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Modem Card
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Game Card
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Audio Card
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Network Interface Card (NIC)
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
Let's discuss:
­ Integrated vs. Non­integrated motherboard
­ integrated comes with all connections/cards such as graphics, sound, usb, ethernet etc.
­non­integrated does not come with connection pieces
­ Tower case vs. desktop case
­ more space for components on a tower case
­ desktop case is smaller, takes up less space, portable
­ tower case has better cooling dynamics
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ICS2OI ­ U1 ­ D2 Computer Components.notebook
External System Board Connectors
The following diagram illustrates the external connectors used to interface
peripheral devices to the computer system board:
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