american History Semester Exam review (KEY)
1. Fill in the name of each era and characteristics. Then use the word bank to match the events.
1. Exploration &
2. American
Colonization
Revolution
Characteristics:
Characteristics:
 Gold,
 Glory

God
Constitution
Characteristics:
 Distrust of Great
Britain
 Taxation
without
representation
 War for
independence
Events:
 Jamestown
 Mayflower
3. Creating a
Events:



 Articles of
Confederation
 Constitutional
Convention
 Ratification
Events:
Boston Tea Party
Shot heard around the
world
Declaration of
Independence
 Shay’s Rebellion
 Convention
 Bill of Rights
Word Bank (Match each of the following events to the correct era)
□ Declaration of Independence
□ Establishment of Jamestown
□ Mayflower Compact
□ Constitutional Convention
2. What is the significance of the following dates?
1607: _Jamestown____________________
1787: __Constitution__________________
1620: _Mayflower Compact_____________
1791: __Bill of Rights__________________
1776: _Declaration of Independence___
(Hint: These are the 1st 10 Amendments)
Name:____________________________________________________ Date:_____________ Class period:______
Unit 1: exploration and Colonization
3. Complete the chart on the 13 colonies and their regions. (10.B, 2.B, 12.A, 23A)
Region
New
England
Colony
Founder
New Hampshire
X
Connecticut
Thomas Hooker
Reason
Many of the
settlers in New
England came
for religious
freedom because
they were being
persecuted
(attacked) in
England.
Rhode Island
Roger Williams
Massachusetts
John Winthrop
New Jersey
X
X
New York
X
X
Middle
^N
Pennsylvania
Delaware
X
Maryland
Southern




Geography:
Rocky soil
Short growing season
Cold climate
Coastal location




Economy:
Fishing
Shipbuilding
Lumber
Merchants

Geography:
Fertile soil
long growing season
mild climate
lots of rain
coastal location
Economy:
“Bread basket”





Geography:
Fertile soil
long growing season
hot climate
lots of rain
coastal location


Economy:
Cash crops
Agriculture – rice and
tobacco





X
Haven for
debtors and
prisoners
Georgia
Characteristics
Virginia
Virginia
Company
Economic
reasons
South Carolina
X
X
North Carolina
X
X
*ALL OF THE COLONIES HAVE A COASTAL LOCATION!- Differences are because of geographic conditions
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Name:____________________________________________________ Date:_____________ Class period:______
4. What were the reasons for the following Europeans exploration and colonization of North America?
England – to establish colonies and expand empire
France – to profit from trading in furs and other goods
Spain – to spread their culture and religion
ADD: all wanted to
find a shorter waterroute to Asia
5. Define mercantilism. the economic theory that a nation’s power is determined by its’ wealth (MONEY=POWER)
6. What did the colonies provide for England? raw materials
7. What did England (mother country) provide for the colonies? manufactured goods
8. Draw a rough diagram or map reflecting the Triangular Trade routes in the box above.
9. Complete the chart on Colonial Government.
Name
What was it?
Virginia House
of Burgesses
Legislative body in the
Virginia Colony.
Mayflower
Compact
social contract
Fundamental
Orders of
Connecticut
Town Meetings
Document listing the
laws to be followed by
the Connecticut
government
citizens meet to
discuss local issues
and manage town
affairs
Colonial Governments
Why it was
Who
important?
wrote/created it?
first elected colonial
assembly
self-government
first written
constitution
limited selfgovernment
Year
X
Pilgrims
X
1620
Thomas Hooker
X
New England colonies
X
10. Why did the colonists desire to have representative government? Wanted to be able to represent their
own interests – specifically for taxation
3
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Name:____________________________________________________ Date:_____________ Class period:______
Unit 2: American revolution
11. What was the Great Awakening?
A religious revival that swept over the colonies beginning in the 1720s.
12. What are 5 major effects of the Great Awakening?
1. Importance of religion
2. New religious groups
3. Emphasis on education
4. Belief grows that people are equal (Preachers encouraged notions of equality)
5. More willing to challenge authority prior to the American Revolution
13. Who fought in the French & Indian War?
French & _Indians_ vs. __Britain___ & colonists
14. What did the Treaty of Paris 1763 do? Ended the French & Indian War
15. What did the Proclamation of 1763 do? Colonists can’t settle west of the Appalachian Mountains
16. The British were in debt from the French & Indian War. How were they going to raise money? Tax colonists
17. Fill in the missing information on the American Revolution timeline.
1st battles:
_Lexington
& __Concord___
Known as the
“_Shot________________
heard round the __world”
Turning Point:
Saratoga
Last Battle:
Yorktown
______________
Force _British

_U.S._ victory

Convinces the
to surrender
*AMERICA WINS!*
__French___
to help the colonists
18. Fill in the following information about the Treaty of Paris 1783:

Ends the __American_______ Revolution

Colonists gain independence from __Great Britain_______

British recognize __ U.S. _______ ownership of all territory from the __ Atlantic________ Ocean to
the _ Mississippi______ River
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Name:____________________________________________________ Date:_____________ Class period:______
19. Complete the chart on the people of the American Revolution.
Name
What he/she did:
Crispus Attucks
African American; First person killed at the Boston Massacre
Samuel Adams
Leader of the Sons of Liberty
George Washington
Commander of the Continental Army
Marquis de Lafayette
French aristocrat who fought for the U.S. in the American Revolution
Wentworth Cheswell
First African-American elected to public office and own property
Made an all-night ride from Boston to warn his community of a British invasion
James Armistead
African-American slave
Spied on British troop movements and reported it to the Americans
Haym Solomon
Polish Jew who was a financier of the Revolution.
Father of the American Navy
“I have not yet begun to fight!”
John Paul Jones
20. Complete the chart below on the Declaration of Independence.
Declaration of Independence
Year Written
Primary Author
Purpose
Intended Audience
Famous Excerpt
Inspired by
(British philosopher)
1776
Thomas Jefferson
Declare independence from the British (included grievances and list of unalienable rights)
British & the colonies
“We hold these truths to be self-evident,... that among these rights are life, liberty and the
pursuit of happiness”
John Locke (suggested that people have the right to overthrow a government that oppresses
them)
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Name:____________________________________________________ Date:_____________ Class period:______
Unit 3: creating a constitution
21. What were the major effects of the Northwest Ordinance?




Prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory
Encouraged free public education
Guaranteed religious freedom
***Established a method for adding new
states!
22. What was America’s first form of government)? Articles of Confederation
23. List the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
1. Too weak
2. Economic resources
3. Boundary disputes
4. Arguments between states
5. Respect from other nations
24. Complete the chart over the Constitutional Convention.
1787
Year
Location
Original purpose/plan
What did they decide to do?
Leader
Father of the Constitution
Great Compromise
3/5 (Three-Fifths) Compromise
Philadelphia
Revise Articles of Confederation
write new constitution
George Washington
James Madison

Solved the issue of representation

Big states wanted representation based on _population__

Small states wanted representation to be equal

Compromise: Creates a _bicameral_ (two-house) legislature

House of Representatives: Based on __population__

Senate: Each state has __2 senators

Southern states __wanted__ to count slaves

Northern states _did not want_ to count slaves

Compromise: Every __5_ slaves counts as __3___ free
people (slaves count as less than one free person)
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Name:____________________________________________________ Date:_____________ Class period:______
25. Put the following events in order (First = #1, Last = #5)
4 Constitution is drafted
1 Battles at Lexington and Concord
5 Bill of Rights added
3 Articles of Confederation are written
2 Declaration of Independence is signed
26. Use the word bank to contrast the ideas of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
Federalists


Anti-Federalists


Supported ratification of the Constitution
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison
Opposed ratification of the Constitution
Patrick Henry, George Mason
Word Bank:
□
□
□
□
Supported ratification of the Constitution
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison
Patrick Henry, George Mason
Opposed ratification of the Constitution.
27. What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers? Who wrote them?
The Federalist Papers were written to persuade states to ratify the U.S. Constitution.
They were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.
28. Complete the chart on the principles of government.
Principle
Definition
Popular Sovereignty
People are the source of the
government’s power
The sharing of power between the
states and national governments
Example in the Constitution
Voters elect government
officials
National – enumerated
States - reserved
Federalism
Each branch has its own
responsibilities
Separation of Powers
Each branch holds some control over
the other two
Checks & Balances
The U.S. government is split up
into three branches
President must get Congressional
approval when making treaties.
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Name:____________________________________________________ Date:_____________ Class period:______
29. What did Montesquieu believe in? Separation of powers
30. What are unalienable rights? Rights guaranteed to all citizens that cannot be taken away
31. What is an amendment? An official change to a document (Constitution)
32. What is ratification? Official approval
33. Complete the chart on the Bill of Rights.
Amendment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Description
Personal freedoms (Religion, Assembly, Petition, Press, & Speech – RAPPS!)
Right to bear arms
No quartering of troops in private homes
No unreasonable search & seizure
Due Process of Law
Right to speedy & public trial
Right to trial by jury
No cruel and unusual punishment or excessive bail
Constitutional rights do not deny other rights
Powers not explicitly given to the national government are given to the states
34. What is citizenship? a member of a nation or country, and to have full rights and responsibilities under the la
35. List the 5 requirements of becoming a naturalized citizen of the United States.
1. Live in U.S. for 5 years
4. Be at least 18 years old
2. Know English
5. Take an oath of allegiance to the U.S
3. Pass a citizenship exam
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Name:____________________________________________________ Date:_____________ Class period:______
Unit 4: early republic
domestic Issues
36. Why was America in debt when
Washington became President?
Foreign Issues
43. What was Washington’s opinion on
foreign alliances?
Fighting the Revolutionary War
He thought the U.S. should “steer clear of
permanent alliances” – issued the
proclamation of neutrality.
37. What is a precedent?
Something done or said that becomes an example for
others to follow
38. What do we call the president’s group of
advisors?
Cabinet
39. Who was Washington’s Secretary of
Treasury?
Washington’s farewell address
44. What two things does Washington warn
against in his farewell address?
1. Foreign alliances
2. Political Parties
Alexander Hamilton
40. What did Hamilton want to create?
National Bank
45. Does the country take his advice?
Nope
41. What other issue (hint: rebellion) did
Washington have to deal with?
Whiskey Rebellion
42. How many terms did Washington serve?
2
political parties
46. F Strong support in New England
47 DR Worried about the growing power of the central government
48 DR Based on views of Thomas Jefferson
49 F Believed that strong central government was necessary
50 DR Strong support in the South & West
51 F Based on the views of Alexander Hamilton
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Name:____________________________________________________ Date:_____________ Class period:______
13 Colonies
Ohio River
Valley
Jamestown
Atlantic Ocean
Label the following:
 Atlantic Ocean
 13 Colonies
 Jamestown
 Ohio River Valley
 Appalachian Mountains
Follow Up Questions:
51. What year was Jamestown founded? 1607
52. Why was the Ohio River Valley important? The French & Indians fought the British &
American colonists for this land during the French & Indian War
53. What proclamation made the Appalachian Mountains the Western border for colonists?
Proclamation of 1763 10
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