21-22 November 2012SEARCA, College Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
CLIMATE CHANGES
IN CAMBODIA, PHILIPPINES AND VIETNAM:
A Vulnerability Analysis at Commune and Household levels
Bui Dung The
College of Economics
Hue University, Vietnam
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation
for Food and Environmental Security
This study is a part of a cross country research project “Building
adaptive capacity for Southeast Asia”, funded and technically supported
by EEPSEA and C&W Programs of IDRC.
The study is implemented by SEARCA – Philippines, Royal University of
Phnompenh – Cambodia and Hue Collge of Economics – Vietnam
Three interdisciplinary research teams were formed and undertook this
study at three selected provinces: Kampong Speu in Cambodia, Laguna
in the Philippines and Thua Thien Hue Vietnam.
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Introduction
• All regions in the Philippines and Cambodia,
and many parts of Vietnam are very vulnerable
to climate change (Yusuf and Francisco 2009).
• Vulnerability analysis and mapping supports
decision making, and can be downscaled to
sub-national level
• LGUs down from province level lack of
expertises and an adequate insight into the
vulnerability of local communities – capacity
building need.
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Motivation
1. To measure communes/barangays’ relative vulnerability
in selected provinces and present the results in a map.
2. To analyze social vulnerability of local communities in
terms of underlying problems
3. To measure and explain vulnerability of household in
relation to its socio economic and demographic features
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Objectives
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Study site:
- Kampong Speu, Cambodia
- Laguna, Philippines
-Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
Kampong Speu:
- land-locked, 7017 km2 , sloping downward from West to East
- 7 districts, 87 communes, 7.2 million people
- Agriculture
- droughts , flash floods and windstorm
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Map of Cambodia
Map of
Philippines
Map of
Laguna
Study site at Laguna province:
- 3 watersheds, 568 km2 ,
- 12municipalities, 194 out of 270 barangays, mostly lowland
- Agriculture
-Storms, floods, landslide, drought
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Map of Philippines
Map of Thua Thien Hue province – Vietnam
Thua Thien Hue:
-5,053 sq. km, topography sloping downward from west to east, including mountains, lowland and coastal areas
-9 districts, 152 communes, 1.2 million people including minority ethnic groups in
mountainous areas
- agriculture, the livelihood of the majority of the population
-Storms, floods, drought, land slide, extreme cold.
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Map of Vietnam
Vulnerability=(Exposure , Sensitivities , and Adaptive Capacity)
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Framework for the vulnerability analysis
Commune &
household
surveys
Vulnerability
index, map, and
explanation
FGDs, KII,
in-depth hh
interview
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Research process
•
Indicators and weight were identified by reviewing of
available literature and then discussed and validated with
LGU staffs
•
Survey instruments were jointly developed and pre-tested
by the research team and LGU staff,
•
PRA tools were used during FGD, KII and in-depth
interview
•
Results were discussed and validated with LGU staffs
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Participatory approach
Dominant determinants
to vulnerability:
-Low adaptive capacity
-Sensitivity
Communes close to
district center are least
vulnerable
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Vulnerability Map of Communes in Kampong Speu
Dominant determinants
to vulnerability :
-Low adaptive capacity
-Sensitivity
Relative vulnerability:
- 10 out of 21 coastal barangays (or 48%) are vulnerable
- 23 out of 127 lowland barangays (or 18%)
- 4 out of 41 midland barangays (or 10%).
- highland barangays are not vulnerable
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Vulnerability Map of Selected Municipalities in Laguna
•
Coastal and low-lying
communes are more
vulnerable due to high
exposure and sensitivity
(agriculture and fishery)
•
More vulnerable upland
communes are due to
fragile location and high
poverty rate
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Vulnerability map of communes in Thua Thien Hue
Site
Exposure/hazard
Sensitivity
Adaptive capacity
Kampong
Speu
Lower, few types of
climatic hazards
Agriculture,
high poverty rate
Lack of infrastructure
Limited social capital
Inadequate attention to longterm planning
Laguna
Relatively high, more
types of climatic
hazards
Agriculture, fishery
High poverty rate
Limited infrastructure
Less prepared
Inadequate attention to longterm planning
Thua
Thien
Hue
Higher and more type Agriculture, fishery,
of climatic hazards
and perennial crops
Complicated
topography,
relatively high
poverty rate
Limited infrastructure
Relatively high social capital
(except upland communes)
Rich experience in adaptation
and coping
Inadequate attention to longterm planning
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Determinants to Commune Vulnerability
across study sites
Coastal
Lowland
Upland
Kampongspeu
-----
lower
high
Laguna
High
high
lower
Thua Thien Hue
Highest
lower
high
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Household Vulnerability by topography areas
Animal
husbandary
Forestry
Aquacultur e
Non farm
Kampong
High
speu
rather high
------------
------------
low
Laguna
high
high
-----------
highest
low
Thua
Thien
Hue
rather high
rather high
highest
highest
low
Cropping
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Household Vulnerability by Livelihood
•
•
•
•
Elderly, disable people, children
Women, women headead households
Poor households
Ethnic minorities (Thua Thien Hue)
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Groups more vulnerable
• Vulnerability to climate change differs across
local context
• Women and poor are more vulnerable
• Poor infrastructure, lack of alternative
livelihoods and inadequate attention to
climate change issues are constraint to the
improvements of communities’ current and
future resilience
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Concluding remarks
• LGU staff can effectively involved in vulnerability
indexing and mapping at local level
(district/province)
• One important constraint to vulnerability
indexing and mapping is the identifcation of
relevant indicators, this in turn is constrained by
the inavailability of data
• Inter-disciplinary and participatory approach
should be adopted in vulnerability assessment.
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
Lessons learned
International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security 2012
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!