Lesson 50
Crisis of Authority
Assignment
This lesson is based on information in the following text selections and video. Read the text carefully, watch the video, and study all material.
Texts: The sections below from Chapter 32 of
the text are covered in this chapter. The chapter
number is the same in both texts:
A. Brinkley, American History: A Survey,
Volume II, 12th edition: “Nixon, Kissinger,
and the War,” “Nixon, Kissinger, and the
World,” “Politics and Economics Under
Nixon,” and “The Watergate Crisis”
A. Brinkley, The Unfinished Nation, Volume II,
5th edition: “Nixon, Kissinger, and the War,”
“Nixon, Kissinger, and the World,” “Politics
and Economics in the Nixon Years,” and “The
Watergate Crisis”
Video: Episode 50, “Crisis of Authority”
Overview
After the election of 1968, Richard Nixon had to
face the reality of delivering on his campaign
promise to make “peace with honor” in Vietnam a
reality. He began to do that with his “Vietnamization” program – turning more responsibility for
the war over to South Vietnam by replacing American troops with a South Vietnamese military force.
Reduction of American ground troops began in
1969 and continued steadily for more than three
years. During this time, Nixon and Kissinger also
sought a negotiated settlement to the war.
Believing that North Vietnamese attacks were
being launched from bases in Cambodia, Nixon
and Kissinger concluded that the bases must be
destroyed. During this period of troop reduction
and negotiations, and without the knowledge of
Congress or the American public, Nixon ordered
the Air Force to bomb Cambodia. This widening of
the war can, in many respects, be considered the
third Indo-China war. At home, these actions
served to rekindle anti-war protests, which began
again in earnest and were further fueled by incidents at Kent State and Jackson State Universities
in which protesting students were shot. Congress
angrily repealed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution,
stripping the president of the legal basis for the war
– an action Nixon ignored. The press joined the
fray with the release of the Pentagon Papers, revealing the origins of the war in Vietnam.
On October 26, 1972, Kissinger announced
that a deal had been struck with the North Vietnamese. President Thieu of South Vietnam, however, refused to agree to the settlement. As this was
unfolding, Nixon ordered the mining of Hai
Phong and more bombing of North Vietnam, this
time on Hanoi. By early January 1973, the Paris
Peace Accords were signed. The agreement called
for the United States and the North Vietnamese to
exchange prisoners, call a cease-fire, and begin
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T HE UNFINISHED N ATION ( FROM 1865)
American withdrawal. Yet, the agreement also
allowed the North to maintain its troops in South
Vietnam. By 1974, the North launched a major
offensive in the South, resulting in the fall of
Saigon in April 1975. Vietnam was in economic
ruin – her people and land ravaged by a decade of
war – and left to communist occupation. The
United States, too, paid a high price in human lives
and suffering as well as economically and socially
and had, for all practical purposes, suffered a defeat
in war.
Nixon, however, did not let Vietnam stop him
from pursuing other foreign policy initiatives. He
began to develop a détente with the Soviet Union
while also opening relations with Communist
China. His efforts in the latter respect resulted in
his visiting China and meeting with Chou En-Lai,
the Chinese Prime Minister. In spite of these successes, not all was well in Nixon’s foreign policy.
Even with Kissinger’s shuttle diplomacy, there was
little the United States could do to resolve the serious problems in the Middle East.
At home, Nixon’s domestic programs were
being developed. While he did spend more on
social welfare programs than Lyndon Johnson and
while he actually did propose a guaranteed income
to all Americans, Nixon also supported only limited
affirmative action for African Americans. More
often than not, Nixon let Congress take the lead
rather than initiating domestic policy. Nixon’s New
Federalism was an attempt to gain the support of
American conservatives. At least on the surface, he
seemed to also de-centralize authority in federal
programs. The end of the nation’s easy access to
cheap raw materials, particularly oil, was signaled
by OPEC’s show of strength during Nixon’s presidency. By the beginning of the 1970s, Western
Europe and Japan were becoming serious competition to American manufacturers both internally and
in world markets. The resulting inflation was
another serious issue for Nixon, who grappled with
a number of ineffective programs to address it. His
handling of price controls and other domestic policies was a disaster.
But, it was Watergate that showed Nixon for
who he really was. Actually an umbrella term to
cover the numerous scandals associated with the
Nixon administration, Watergate ranged from the
break-in to the cover-up to covert activities in general. Nixon’s hatred of his enemies fueled much of
this sinister activity. His handling of the whole
Watergate episode was a disaster as he lied continu-
ously to the public. From the Saturday night massacre to John Dean’s testimony to the “smoking
gun” in the tapes, Watergate was the final demise
of Richard Nixon. Had he admitted in the beginning to what he and his administration had done,
he might have survived as president.
Focus Points
Learning Objectives
Once you have read the assigned pages in the text
and watched the video, you should be able to:
✓ Discuss Nixon’s handling of the Vietnam war
and how he brought American troops home.
✓ Analyze Nixon’s growing détente with the
Soviet Union and his opening of relations with
Red China.
✓ Evaluate his domestic programs in both their
successes and failures.
✓ Explain Watergate and all of its ramifications.
✓ Recount how and why Nixon came to resign as
president in 1974.
Key Terms and Concepts
After reading the assigned pages in your text and
watching the video, you should be able to identify
and explain the significance of the following.
Bakke v. Board of Regents
Bretton Woods System
Warren Burger
Cambodia and Laos
Chou En Lai
Clement Haynsworth
CRP
John Dean
détente
Daniel Ellsberg
Ervin Committee
Gerald Ford
Impoundment of Funds
inflation
Jackson State
Kent State
Henry Kissinger
L ESSON 50: C RISIS OF A UTHORITY
Le Duc Tho
George McGovern
My Lai massacre
New Federalism
Nixon Doctrine
OPEC
Paris Peace Accords
peace with honor
Pentagon Papers
fall of Saigon
SALT I
Saturday Night Massacre
Six Day War
stagflation
President Thieu
Third Indo-China War
Turner Thesis
U.S. v. Nixon
Vietnamization
Watergate
Yom Kippur War
Text Focus Points
These text focus points are the main ideas presented in the reading assignment for this lesson.
Read these points carefully before reading the text.
You may want to take notes for future reference
and study.
✓ In 1968, Nixon ran on a platform of “peace with
honor” in Vietnam. Once elected, he and Henry
Kissinger began in earnest to seek a solution to
the war. Both men decided to approach the war
on several fronts including efforts to limit
domestic protest, abolishing traditional deferments, and implementing a new policy of “Vietnamization” in which the South Vietnamese
would assume more responsibility for the war.
One of the consequences of this latter policy was
that the United States began to withdraw its
troops from Vietnam.
✓ In spite of these efforts to bring peace, Nixon
and Kissinger also decided to stop supplying the
North Vietnamese. To do so, Nixon ordered the
bombing of Cambodia and Laos, which actually
widened the war. Protest spread rapidly, culminating in two tragic episodes of students being
killed – Kent State and Jackson State.
✓ More troubling were the revelations that began
to appear in the Pentagon papers (secretly
released by Daniel Ellsberg) and the My Lai mas-
153
sacre. It wasn’t until 1972 that Kissinger finally
announced an agreement had been reached with
Le Doc Tho for the war.
✓ Although it looked as if peace was at hand, problems developed with Thieu in South Vietnam
and in the North as well. Nixon responded by
ordering the bombing of Hanoi and the mining
of Hai Phong harbor. Eventually, the Paris Peace
Accords were signed, America withdrew its
troops, and the South had to protect itself. In
April, 1975, the North captured Saigon, ending
the war.
✓ Vietnam was a distraction to Nixon’s central mission in world affairs,. It was his belief that America must recognize the growing international
importance of China, Japan, and Western
Europe. While Nixon and Kissinger worked
toward improving relations with the Soviet
Union, Nixon opened relations with Red China
for the first time in over two decades, visiting
that country himself in February 1972. Another
important development in Nixon’s foreign policy, which became known as the Nixon Doctrine, was his expressed belief that American
allies had to do more for themselves. This also
meant America’s withdrawal from involvement
in Third World development, snubbing of the
United Nations, and increased American support
for authoritarian regimes such as existed in
Chile.
✓ In the Middle East, America watched as the Yom
Kippur war took place. By 1973, an oil embargo
on the United States demonstrated the growing
power of OPEC.
✓ Nixon’s domestic policy did not fare as well.
Although he tried to appeal to the “silent majority,” Nixon began his own dismantling of the
New Deal and called for state and local governments to do more for themselves. In the
Supreme Court, Nixon’s recommendations for
the Court vacancies often ran into major Congressional opposition. The Burger Court failed
to live up to conservative expectations, actually
furthering social reform in many areas. In other
decisions, it demonstrated a more conservative
temperament.
✓ In 1972, Nixon was still very popular, as his reelection over George McGovern demonstrated.
But his administration still faced problems at
154
T HE UNFINISHED N ATION ( FROM 1865)
home with inflation and “stagflation.” As OPEC
began to exert its power, oil supply became an
issue. And as Europe and Japan began to overcome the devastation of World War II, competition from abroad began a long and painful
process in America that resulted in factory closings and job loss. Nixon’s response was often
uncertain and unclear.
✓ Nixon’s fall came with the Watergate break-in
and cover-up. Nixon’s refusal to be totally honest, his continual lying to the public, and the
eventual release of the “smoking gun” tapes all
contributed to his resignation in 1974.
Video Focus Points
These video focus points are designed to help you
understand and get the most out of the video for
this section. Read these points carefully before
watching the video. You may want to take notes
for future reference and study.
✓ After the 1968 election, Nixon and Kissinger
worked to bring about a “peace with honor” in
Vietnam. This resulted in a number of policy initiatives including Vietnamization, bombings of
the North, and widening the war to bomb Cambodia and Laos.
✓ Anti-war protest spread as a response to Nixon’s
bombings of Cambodia and Laos, culminating
in the tragic deaths of students at Kent State and
Jackson State. Still, Nixon pursued his aggressive
policy for ending the war by ordering the bombing of Hanoi while Kissinger secretly continued
to negotiate a settlement with Le Doc Tho.
✓ The Paris Peace Accords saw the United States
effectively withdraw its troops from Vietnam,
only to witness the eventual collapse of South
Vietnam by April 1975. For all practical purposes, America experienced its first loss in war.
✓ Nixon continued his foreign policy by developing a better détente relationship with the Soviet
Union and by opening up relations with Red
China. Taking advantage of the hostility
between the Soviet Union and China as well as
China’s desire to join the community of nations,
Nixon visited China and met with Chou En-Lai.
✓ Nixon and Kissinger could do little to resolve the
problems in the Middle East, as demonstrated by
the outbreak of the Yom Kippur war. Kissinger’s
shuttle diplomacy contributed little to bringing
peace to this troubled area of the world.
✓ At home, Nixon’s domestic programs were often
responses to Congressional initiatives. His New
Federalism was an attempt to reach out to the
conservatives. In the end, however, the most
overriding issue in Nixon’s second administration was Watergate.
✓ In many ways an indication of Nixon’s hatred for
his enemies, Watergate included not only the
break-in of the Democratic National headquarters and its cover up, but also encompassed
Nixon’s failure to tell the truth to the American
people. In the end, it led to his resignation from
the presidency in 1974.
Critical Analysis
These activities are designed to help you examine
the material in this lesson in greater depth. It may
be necessary for you to conduct some additional
research (the Internet is an excellent resource).
Armed with what you have learned in this lesson
and your own research, carefully respond to each
of the following activities.
1. How do you think the Watergate scandal has
affected the public’s trust of politicians? Do
you think there is a legacy of Watergate that
continues to this day? How did the scandal
affect the media’s relationship with the presidency and do you think its impact continues
today? You might wish to conduct a search on
the Internet for the legacy of Watergate.
2. Trace the Vietnam war after the 1968 election.
Considering all that had happened, how could
Nixon have achieved a “peace with honor” in
Vietnam? How do you assess Nixon’s developing détente with the Soviet Union and his
opening of relations with China?
3. Examine Watergate in the persona of Richard
Nixon. How did the Watergate scandal(s)
reflect the personality of the president? If
Richard Nixon had openly admitted to the
break-in and cover-up very early on, what do
you think would have happened to him as
president? Do you believe that the American
people would have wanted him to resign?
Explain your position.
L ESSON 50: C RISIS OF A UTHORITY
Practice Quiz
This quiz is designed to give you an idea of how
well you learned the material. Choose the correct
answers for each question and review any question
that you missed.
155
11. _______ went to the brink of war with the
Soviet Union in 1969.
12. _______ attacked Israel along the Suez Canal
in the Yom Kippur war.
13. Henry Kissinger used _______ in his efforts to
bring peace to the Middle East.
Multiple Choice – select the correct answer:
Matching – Match options a through d with items
1 through 4 below.
_____1. Third Indo-China War
_____2. Le Duc Tho
_____3. Nguyen Thieu
_____4. Chou En-Lai
a. Henry Kissinger
b. South Vietnam
c. Communist China
d. Nixon’s bombing of Cambodia and Laos
True/False – Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false.
_____5. According to Nixon’s Vietnamization
program, South Vietnam had to take on more
responsibility for the war in Vietnam.
_____6. During the anti-war protest in 1970,
students were killed at Kent State and Ohio State.
_____7. According to the Paris Peace Accords,
North Vietnam had to withdraw its troops from
the South within 60 days.
_____8. Gerald Ford was the president during
the fall of Saigon.
Fill in the Blank – Complete the following sentences with the missing word, concept, or person.
9. According to the _______, there were no
bounds to American ambition and no boundaries to what America could achieve.
10. Richard Nixon believed that _______ was economically vulnerable in the early 1970s.
14. Who was Richard Nixon’s Secretary of
Defense?
a. William Rogers
b. Melvin Laird
c. Henry Kissinger
d. None of the above
15. Who secretly released the Pentagon Papers?
a. Henry Kissinger
b. Le Doc Tho
c. Daniel Ellsberg
d. Ralph Nader
Essay – These questions are designed to help you
think about all you have learned. Consider them
carefully and then write your responses.
16. Discuss and evaluate Richard Nixon’s foreign
policy, focusing your attention on the Vietnam
war, the Soviet Union, China, and the Middle
East. How successful was Nixon in these specific areas of foreign policy initiatives?
17. Analyze Richard Nixon’s domestic policy.
Identify specifically what he did in social welfare programs. Did Nixon continue the
Roosevelt New Deal? Did he dismantle it?
How would you assess Nixon’s overall handling of the American economy?
18. Review this lesson and the presidency of Richard Nixon and his handling of both domestic
and foreign policy. Then, evaluate Nixon in
terms of the twentieth century presidents that
this course has studied. How does Nixon compare to his predecessors? Was he, as some historians argue, the culmination of the “imperial
president.”
Answer Key
for the Practice Test
Lesson 25: What Price Freedom
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
d scandal during the Grant administration
c refers to the purchase of Alaska
e required an Ironclad Oath
b response to the Black Codes
a opposed the gold standard
True Text
False Video
True Text
True Text
reuniting the country, emancipation and
freedom; Video
Freedmen’s Bureau; Video
Fifteenth; Video
sharecropping; Text
Grantism; Text
a Video
d Text
Lesson 26: Tattered Remains
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
d Republican Party
c Perpetual debt
a Atlanta compromise
b Enforcement Acts
True Video
True Video
True Video
True Video
Landowners or merchants; Video and Text
leave in the middle of the night; Video
black women; Video
12.
13.
14.
15.
KKK; Video and Text
Samuel Tilden; Text
c Text
b Video
Lesson 27: The Gathering Ground
1. b A huge silver deposit
2. e indentured servants whose condition was
close to slavery
3. d Hispanic residents of California
4. c Led a raid on a Brownsville jail
5. a tried to establish a government in New
Mexico
6. False; Video
7. True; Video
8. False; Text
9. True; Text
10. Anaconda copper mine; Text
11. California Gold Rush; Video
12. Foreign miners tax; Video
13. Workingmen’s Party of California; Text
14. Range wars; Text
15. c Video
16. a Text
Lesson 28: The Legendary Frontier
1.
2.
3.
4.
169
c
a
b
d
The Virginian
“Significance of the Frontier”
Nevada
Kansas
170
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
T HE UNFINISHED N ATION ( FROM 1865)
False; Video
True; Video
True; Video
True; Video
Chief Joseph; Video
Assimilation; Text or Video
Dawes Act; Text or Video
Great American Desert; Video
Sod houses; Video
a Text
b Text
Lesson 29: A New Corporate Order
1. c Perfected the trust
2. d Radical critic of monopolies
3. a Industrialist who founded Standard Oil
Company
4. e Led the American Railway Union
5. b President of the Knights of Labor
6. True; Video
7. True; Text
8. False; Video
9. False; Video
10. Taylorism; Text
11. Moving assembly line; Text
12. Social Darwinism; Text
13. American Federation of Labor; Video
14. railroad strike of 1877; Video
15. c Text
16. a Video
Lesson 30: The Age of the City
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
d We cannot all live in cities
a Settled in Milwaukee
c Settled in East Harlem
b Italian immigrant men
True; Video
False; Video
True; Video
True; Video
Middle to Upper Class; Video
Good Roads Movement; Video
Fire, 1871; Video or Text
City Water; Video
Linda Gordon; Video
a Video
a Text
Lesson 31: Political Stalemate
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
c
d
a
e
Populist orator
Leader of the Stalwarts
Republican gold-standard advocate
Served two non-consecutive terms as
president
b Head of the New York Customs House
False; Video
False; Video
False; Video
True; Text
True; Text
Postmaster; Video
New York Customs House; Video
Half Breeds; Video
Grange; Text
b Video
d Text
Lesson 32: Imperial Ambition
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
d Railroad baron; Video
a Closing the western frontier; Video
c Venezuela boundary dispute; Video
b Cuba; Video
True; Video
True; Video
False; Video
False; Video
Teller amendment; Video
John Hay; Video and Text
African American soldiers; Video and Text
Rudyard Kipling; Video and Text
Platt amendment; Video and Text
a Video and Text
b Video and Text
Lesson 33: The Progressive Era
1. c
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Published an influential study of Standard
Oil
d Wrote How the Other Half Lives
e Exposed political corruption
b Believed scientists could solve society’s
problems
a Wrote of the “curse of bigness”
False; Video
A NSWER K EY FOR THE P RACTICE T EST
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
True; Text
False; Video
False; Video
Muckrakers; Text
Social Gospel; Text
City manager plan; Text
Wobblies; Video
National Association of Colored Women;
Video
15. b Video
16. d Text
Lesson 34: Warrior to Priest...
Presidents of the Early 1900s
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
c National Forest Service
a Man and Nature
b San Francisco
d J.P. Morgan
True; Video
True; Video
True; Video
False; Video
Literacy Test Law; Video
Woodrow Wilson; Video
John Hay; Video and Text
Dollar Diplomacy; Video and Text
Veracruz; Video and Text
c Video
d Video and Text
Lesson 35 – The Road to War
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
e
d
c
b
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
France, Great Britain, and Russia
Led to the digging of a system of trenches
Pushed German troops back toward their
border
a Arrested and tried for teaching evolution
in a public school
False; Video
False; Video
False; Video
True; Video
Gavrilo Princip; Video
War Industries Board; Video
Selective Service Act; Text
American Expeditionary Force; Text
171
14. General John Pershing; Text
15. b Video
16. a Text
Lesson 36: To End All Wars?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
c Bolshevik Revolution
a American commander in World War I
d Citizens Protective League
b 14 Points
True; Video
True; Video
True; Video
False; Video
Safe for democracy; Video
League of Nations; Video
Clemenceau; Video
Self-determination; Video
Henry Cabot Lodge; Video
b Video
d Video
Lesson 37: The 1920s...Beyond the
Glitter
1. c Union leader who fought for civil rights
2. e Discovered the theory of modulation,
which led to the development of radio
3. d Pioneer of the birth-control movement
4. b Proponent of welfare capitalism
5. a Flew solo across the Atlantic Ocean
6. False; Video
7. True; Video
8. False; Text
9. True; Video
10. False; Text
11. McNary-Haugen Bill; Text
12. debunkers; Text
13. Fundamentalists; Text
14. Ohio Gang; Text
15. c Video
16. b Video
Lesson 38: Hard Times
1. d Stock market crash
172
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
T HE UNFINISHED N ATION ( FROM 1865)
a Banks
b Soil Reclamation Service
c Hollywood Film Director
False; Video
True; Video
False; Video
True; Video
Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Video
and Text
Declare a bank holiday; Video
FDIC; Video
Chemicals, electronics; Video
OK, MS, AL; Video
c Text
a Text and Video
Lesson 39: A Chaos of
Experimentation
1. c
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Increased government authority over
banks
d Required employers to negotiate with
unions
e Established the minimum wage
a Hired unemployed writers and artists
b Established to regulate the stock market
False; Video
True; Text
True; Video
False; Video
Fireside chats; Video and Text
Brain Trust; Video
American Liberty League; Text
Share-Our-Wealth Plan; Text
Black Cabinet; Text
b Video
a Text
Lesson 40: Between the Wars
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
d Naval conference, 1921
a Outlawed war
b Hawley-Smoot tariff
c Manchukuo
True; Video
True; Video
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
True; Video
True; Video
Munich conference; Text and Video
Cash-Carry; Text and Video
Wendell Wilkie; Text and Video
Lend-Lease; Text and Video
Tripartite Pact; Text and Video
a Text
d Text
Lesson 41: A Nation at War
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
b Symbolized women working in industry
e Built major industry in the West
d Women serving in the navy
a Women who enlisted in the army
c Nominee for vice president in 1944
False; Video
True; Video
False; Video
False; Video
True; Text
Battle of Kursk; Video
Wildcat strikes; Video
St. Louis; Text
Congress of Racial Equality; Text
b Video
a Text
Lesson 42: Taking the Offensive
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
d Roosevelt’s Vice President
a Republican candidate in 1944
b Normandy
c Battle of the Bulge
True; Video
True; Video
True; Video
True; Video
Leo Zolard; Video
Manhattan Project; Video and Text
Iwo Jima; Video
Firebombings; Video
Stalin or Soviet Union; Video
c Text
a Text and Video
A NSWER K EY FOR THE P RACTICE T EST
Lesson 43: The Collapse of Peace
1. d Leader of the Chinese communists
2. b Leader of the Chinese nationalists
3. e Where Stalin agreed to enter the Pacific
war
4. a Truman agreed to changes in the PolishGerman border
5. c An alliance of communist governments
6. False; Video
7. False; Video
8. False; Video
9. True; Video
10. General Assembly, Security Council; Text
11. Truman Doctrine; Text
12. NSC-68; Video
13. NATO; Video
14. Fair Deal; Video
15. b Video
16. c Video
Lesson 44: Fallout
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
c Democratic civil rights activist
a Dixiecrats
b 1948 Republican presidential candidate
d Israel’s prime minister, 1948
True; Video
True; Video
False; Video
False; Video
Blast shelters; Video
Director of Reactor Safety; Video
38th parallel; Text and Video
United Nations police action; Text and Video
MacArthur; Text and Video
a Text
d Text
Lesson 45: The Way We Were?
1. d Used to treat streptococcal blood
infections
2. c Used to prevent polio
3. e President of the Teamsters
4. b Authored an influential book on child care
5. a First American in space
6. True; Video
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
173
True; Text
False; Video
False; Video
AFL and CIO; Text
Sputnik; Video
UNIVAC; Text
Beats; Text
Suburbs, automobiles, television; Video
c Video
a Text
Lesson 46: The Other America
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
c Brown decision
a Little Rock, AR
b M.L. King, Jr.
d massive retaliation
True; Video
True; Video
False; Video
True; Video
New Orleans, LA; Video
Rosa Parks; Video or Text
Black women; Video
World War II; Video or Text
Civil Rights Act; Video or Text
d Text
c Text
Lesson 47: Restless Society
1. e First black cabinet member
2. d A member of the Nation of Islam who
called for separation of the races
3. a First black student at the University of
Mississippi
4. c Radical leader of SNCC
5. b Police chief of Birmingham, Alabama
6. False; Video
7. True; Video
8. False; Video
9. True; Video
10. New Frontier; Video
11. Warren Commission; Text
12. Student Non-Violent Coordinating
Committee; Text
13. Freedom summer; Text
14. Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party; Text
15. d Text
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T HE UNFINISHED N ATION ( FROM 1865)
16. d Video
Lesson 48: A Nation Torn
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
c Peace Corps
a Attempted overthrow of Castro
d Executive Committee of NSC
b Dien Bien Phu
False; Video
True; Video
True; Video
True; Video
Henry C. Lodge; Video and Text
Gulf of Tonkin resolution; Video and Text
500,000; Video and Text
Marvin Kalb; Video
Vietnam War; Video and Text
a Video and Text
a Video and Text
Lesson 49: Determined to be Heard
1. e Wrote The Feminine Mystique, which gave
voice to the feminist movement
2. d Famous rock festival
3. b Helped launch the environmental
movement
4. a Failed in 1982
5. c Founder of Students for a Democratic
Society
6. True; Text
7. True; Video
8. False; Video
9. True; Video
10. New Left; Text
11. Weathermen; Text
12. United Farm Workers; Video
13. Title VII; Video
14. National Organization for Women; Video
15. b Text
16. c Text
Lesson 50: Crisis of Authority
1. d Nixon’s bombing of Cambodia/Laos
2. a Henry Kissinger
3. b South Vietnam
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
c Communist China
True; Video
False; Video
False; Video
True; Video
Turner thesis; Video
Soviet Union; Video
China; Video
Egypt and Syria; Video or Text
Shuttle Diplomacy; Video
b Text
c Text
Lesson 51: Right Turn
1. c
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Group led by fundamentalist minister
Jerry Falwell
d Helped fuel a nationwide tax revolt
e Term used to describe Ronald Reagan,
who seemed to be able to avoid being
blamed for what went wrong during his
presidency
a Intellectuals who sought to “win back the
culture”
b Leaders of the anti-American government
in Nicaragua
True; Text
False; Video
False; Text
False; Text
True; Video
Alfred Kahn; Video
The Sunbelt; Text
Geraldine Ferraro; Video
Tiananmen Square; Text
a Text
c Video
Lesson 52: World of Uncertainty
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
c Mexico
a Hillary Clinton
b “Contract With America”
d Election of 2000
True; Video
True; Video
True; Video
True; Video
Monica Lewinsky; Video and Text
A NSWER K EY FOR THE P RACTICE T EST
10. Florida; Video and Text
11. Alan Greenspan; Video
12. Wealthy class, middle class, lower class; Video
13. American Association of Retired People;
Video
14. c Video
15. a Video and Text
175