CAMBRIDGE EXPEDITION TO THE EAST AFRICAN LAKES
99
Scientific. rc.sults of thc ('itnil)ridgt- Expctlition to thc East African I,iiktAh,
1!)30-1.-1. General introduction and station list. By E. B. WOl(T1IIhGTON, M A . , Ph.L)., Unlfour Stutlont a t Cambridge University.
(PL.4TES
1-5)
[Road 28 April 19321
THE Cambridge Expedition to thc East African lakes wiry orgnniscd in 1930
to continue limnological investigations in Kenya, and Uganda. The early
African lake expeditions a t the beginning of the century concentrtrted on Lakc
Tangnnyika, but mule collections of the fauna and flora of Lakes Victoria,
Edward, Albert, etc., and other collections have been brought to European
museums by individual collectors. A summary of knowledge up to date
was given by Dr. Cunnington (lYLl), but since that time the sciences
of limnology and ecology -have undergone considerable development and we
are now able to approach the problems from a somewhat diflcrent standpoint,
considering the animals and plants in relation to their physical and biological
environments, and attacking problems of geographic distribution with a sounder
backing from geology. This modcrii type of research on the African lakes
may be mid to have started on Lake Victoria, the fiecond largest lake in the
world, with an area of 26,OOO square mites, of which the biology was studied
i n detail by Mr. Michid Graham, whom I had the advantagc of assisting,
during the Government fishing survey in 1927-8. The results of this survey
were embodied in an official report (Graham, 1929). Following on this a
similar survey was made of Lakes Albcrt and Kioga in 1928, the results of
which were published by Worthington (lit29 etc.). In 1929 Miss Penelope
Jcnkin (1932) did detailed biological work on certain srnall lakes in the Kenya
rift valley-Lakcs Naivasha, Elmenteitir, and Nakuru.
The object of liist year's expedit>ion was to complete the biological m:rp
of the Kcnya and Uganda lakes. In Kenya, Lake Rudolf was the main
objective, a vast arc5 of water 185 miles long with a maximum width of
37 miles, only 1,250 feet above sea-level, which lies in the northern part of the
Kenya rift valley and was very little known from the biological point of view.
The deepest sounding we recorded was 73 metres (40 fathoms), but we have
shown that the lake was formerly a t a level 475 feet above the present, and
therefore was three times as deep. When tho lake was high during the
pluvial periods it must have covered a vast area of what is now the Turkana
desert, and we havo concluded that i t overflowed to the north-west into the
basin of the Sobat river and so into the Nile near Khartoum. I n those times
the water must have been practically fresh, but in the period which intervened
100
DR.
E. B. WORTHINOTON4AMBRIDC.F. EXPEDITION TO EAST
betwccn the pluvisln and the present day the lowering of the lake-level hLq
caused a conccntration of dissolved salts until now the water is so alkaline
as to be cxc:txxlingly unpleaqant to drink (alkaline reserve 0.02 Normal).
The daily s h d e temperature of the Lake Rudolf littoral reaches 100"
or 110" P.,and the vegetation map of Africa shows that the lake lies in an
isoluted area of desert, or steppe-desert, the nearest similar vegetational areas
being those of Somidiland and the Eritrem shore *. Consequently the landfauna, which was collected in fair detail, is of considerable intercut,
L%,
Parker's paper in this series on Reptiles will tihow. One of tho best descriptions
of this region yet published is that by von Hijhnel (1894) concerning its
original exploration.
Lake Baringo which was also studied in detail lies at a height of 3,150 feet
in the rift valley to the south and is much smaller, about 12 by 6 miles. It is
shallow with an even bottom a t 74 metres, and the water is yellow and muddy
with a lower alkalinity (alkaline reserve = 0.006 Normal).
Continuing t h e series down the rift valley, Lakes Hannington, Nakuru,
and Elmenteita are smaller very alkaline lakm (alkalino reserve = 0.16, 0.19,
and 0.22 Pu'ormal respectively). The last two are very shallow, and Hannington
is probably also shallow, though it hM not been'soundetl in dehil. Lako
Naivasha lies a t a height of 6,200 feet still further to the south in the rift
valley; it measures about 8 by 9 miles and has a maximum depth of
184 metres. Although, like the foregoing, it apparentlylies in a closed drainage
basin, the water is practically fresh (alkaline reserve = 0-003 Normal) and
probably there is a subterranean outlet causing a through current of water.
High-level beaches point to the conclusion that during the first (Kamasian)
pluvial period all the Kenya rift lakes from Baringo to Magadi wore united.
In Uganda, Lakc Edward, the greater part of which lies within Belgian
CmgO Territory, and Lake George were the chief subjects of study. Lake
Edward, which is 48 miles long by 25 miles wide, lies a t a height of about
3,000 feet in the western rift valley. It was found to have a deep trough
descending to a depth of 118 metres nuar the steep ascarpment to the wwt,
from which the bottom shelves evenly to the swampy south-east shore. On the
other hand, Lake George, which is about 12 miles square and lies in a branch
of the rift valley under Mt. ltuwenzori, is very shallow with an even bottom
a t 21 metres ; muoh of its shore is borderd by papyruti swamp. The two
lakes arc connected by the Kazinga Channel, II unique physiograpIiica1feature
about 30 miles long by 4 mile wide, which presents bionomio problems of great
interest. The region is beset with problems of river reversal and changes
of lake-lwel, which htive greatly uffectecl tho aquatic fauna.
2
* Unfortunatoly, several rocently publinhod maps (for instance, Hurst and Phillips, 1031)
show the Riidolf region to have a high rainfall and to have a savannah or savannah-forest
vegetation. Thin i R probably due to 1ac.k of data concorning the area. Actually such
inforrnat,ionns thero is siiggwts that the northorn pert of t.ho Konya rift i i i which Lako
Rudolf lies haa an annual reinfall considcrob~yless than 20 inches, and the vegetation
noar the lako shore is cortainly dosort or scrub-dosert except along the dry wcltor-courses.
AFRICAN LAKES : GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND STATION LIST
101
While the Expedition was in Uganda the Government took the opportunity
of having surveys made of the following smaller lakes with a view to fisheries’
development, which, of course, involved collecting the fauna and flora and
studying the ecology :Lake Bunyoni is an excellent example of n modern lake with no indigenous
fish-life, and lics a t a height of 6,400 feet in the highland Kigezi district.
It was formed in recent times by a lava flow which poured across one of the
steep-sided Kigezi valleys, ponding a stream to form a beautiful fresh-water
lake about 174 miles long, some 40 metres deep, with long rambling bays and
numerous islets.
Lakes Nakavali, Kachira, and Kijancbalola are an interesting series of shallow
swampy waters lying on one of the drainage systems which virtually connect
Lake Edward to Lakc Victoria. Thcy have a pronounced faunistic interest,
since most of the modern fauna of Lake Edward was probably derived from
Lake Victoria along these unique drainage systems, which arise in swamps
and now 00w both eaatward to Lake Victoria and westward to Lakes Edward
and George.
Lake Nabugebo is a small oval stretch of water 5 miles long by 3 miles
wide and only 41 metres deep, lying close to the north-west corner of Lake
Victoria. It was originally a part of Victoria, but has become completely
shut off by the growth of a sand-spit, and contains an isolated sample of the
Victoria fauna. Along one side i t is bordered by a large acid Sphagnum
swamp, one of the very few acid swamps in East Africa. Nabugabo is less
alkaline than any other East African lakc.
A general account of the lake regions visited has already been published
in the ‘ Geographical Journal ’ (Worthington, 1932)) so i t is unnecessary to
burden this introduction with physiographical details. For further information
concerning the smaller Kenya lakes, see Gregory (1921) and Leakey (1931).
The personnel consisted of Dr. E. B. Worthington as leader and zoologist,
who concentrated on fish, plankton, the general ecology of the lakes, and
fisheries’ development. Mrs. Stella Worthington as geographer collaborated
with the leader in all this work and in addition made detailed surveys and
maps of parts of Lake Rudolf, the results of which are published here as
Map 1. Mr. L. C. Beadle as chemist and zoologist was concerned with the
study of water chemistry in relation to biology, and did other work on the
bionomies of swamps to compare the conditions in Africa with those in the
South American Chaco. Mr. V . E. Fuchs as geologist studied the high-level
beaches and where possible made fossil collections representing the lake-faunas
of the pluvial periods. Unfortunately, Fuchs was taken seriously ill with
spirillum and malarial fevers after the first two months, and as a result was
incapable of work for four months out of the year. After the other members
returned t o England, however, he joined Dr.L. S. B. Leakey’s archaeological
expedition in East Africa and spent an additional four months in the field
continuing his researches. The other members of the expedition enjoyed
good health on the whole, but Worthington and Beadle suffered from occasional
slight attacks of malaria and Mrs. Worthington was laid UP for 10 days in camp
on Lakc Edward with tlysentcqr.
For tho first two months Mr. R. E. Dent, Assiutant Game Warden in charge
of fish in Kenya Colony, accompanied the expedition by itrrmgernent with the
Kenya Government. He collaborated in the biological work, his cxperience
of t.he country was invaluable, and hc st~vcdthe expedition a severe amount
of expense and inconvenience by lending his house on tho Bhorc of Lake
Sitivasha, for the whole year. This house was used as a headquarters, being
in a healthy part, of the country; not only wa.9 it an uxccllent placo for
twiipmttion after strenuous work in the unlieitlthy regions of Ritringo and
Kiidolf, but it served BY a base for investigations of TAake Naivmha itself.
Nr. Dent’s 20-foot sailing-boat on the lake was also lent to the oxpedition.
The meavw‘ of transport to and from the lakcs was a1wily.r provided by motorcars and lorries. Once arrived a t the lake-shores travel wm generally ac(:oniplishcd by open boat, but oacesiontdly by foot safiwi and head-porterage.
A 12 11.1).OUtbo&rdmotor was transported everywhere with the other equipment
and attached to difforent cwft LLS occasion tlemitnded. It was chicfly due to
thc: r d i d d i t y of this machine tliiit we wcrc able to cover so much wittcr, for
small boat riavigation on many of the lakes is difficult and sometirncs dangerous
by reason of the sudden storm8 and heavy swells.
Thct i l i ~ r a WILS
r ~ as follows :The first two months in tho cornpuny of Dent wen?occnpicd by a prclirninary
rs;rminiition of thc Kenya lakes. Work started a t the beginning of November
011 1,ake Naivasha, itnd a t the end of November we moved to Ritringo, transporting there a 14-foot open row-boat. I n the midcllu of December we set
out for Lakc Rudolf and succeeded in transporting our oquipment and a
30-foof metal lifeboat, lent to thc expedition hy the railway and harbour
suthoritics and dclivcred by them to railhead a t Kitale, over the 300 miles
of Imr] road and tlesnrt from Kitalc to the lake shore, arriving thero on Christmas
Evc 1930.
A fortnight was spcrit building a permanent base-camp a t tho mouth of the
Knliokwcl River about half-way up the west shore of the lake, a situation partly
protpcted by the stud-spit of Perguson Ray. A preliminary visit was made
to (:plitial Isli~ntliirid ;L g(m?ritlidea gatheral of the work waiting to be done.
iuter retuning to Naivasha for fresh snpplics and equipment we movcd to
R;triiigo tow:i.rds the end of January for the main working timc on that lake.
111 the middle of March the expedition travelled again to Lake Ritdolf for
t,wo nlcmths, during which Fcrgusoii Bay, Ctmtrd lsland, arid the adjoining
parts of both cast and west shores and the open water were studied in detail.
nuring t,his time Readlc mudc a trek to t h e north cnd of the lake near Lokitaung,
while the Worthingtons acoomplishcd a long open-boat journey, crossing the
I& in two pleccs m d extimining unknown parts of its shores.
J)uSng May some further work was done on T&e
Naivasha and the wliolo
expedition moved its headquarters from Naivasha to Lake Edward in Uganda,
AFRICAN LAKES : GENERAL IXTROUUCTION AND STATION LIST
103
taking a 16-foot open boat specially designed for the outboard motor and built
from timber obtained locally, the first non-native craft on either Lakes Edward
or George. Work started a t Kuttmgunr on the Kazinga Channel a t the end
of May, continlied on Lake Edward through June and July, during which
time the Worthingtons made a boat journey round and across the lake,
while Beadle and Fuchs, working from the land, studied the shores and walked
into the Congo to visit the Semliki Falls antl nearby regions. Most of lJuly
and the beginning of August wits spent on Lake George, after which Beadle
had to return to England and Fuchs to Niiivashn. Dr. and Mru. W6rthington
then moved to Lake Runyoni for a clear fortnight and afterwards spent another
month until thc middle of September examining Lakes Kakavali, Kachira,
Kijancbdoln, and Xstnig;tho. They returned to England a t the end of October
after submitting preliminary reports to the Uganda Government.
The whole expedition cost the sum of about aE1,700, which was contributed
by the following bodies :--ltoy,zl Society Government Grants, British Museum
(Nat. Hist.), Percy Sladen Memorial Trust, British Association, Camhridgc
Balfour Fund, Royrtl Geographical Society, Gloyne Fund, Gonville antl Caius
College, Worts Fund, and the Uganda Government. In submitting the accounts
a bs1:tnce of 2170 was shown, which it has been arranged to put towards the
expense of publishing the scientific results in the ‘ Journal of the Linnean
Society.’
The coILections have been sorted a t the Zoological Laboratory, Cambridge,
and a t the Natural History Museum, South Kensington, where all the spccirncns
will be deposited finally. The differcnt groups of organisms have been sut)niithl
to the following authorities for examination, scvcral of whom will be contributing papers in the series of results :Mammals to Miss St. Leger ; Reptiles and Amphibians to Mr. H. W. Parker ;
Cichlid fishes to Dr. C. Tate Regan, F.R.S., and Miss E . Trewavas ; fishes
other than Cichlidae to Dr. E. 13. Worthington; Mollusca to Major M.
Connolly ; Oligochaeta to Lt.-Col. J . Stephenson, F.R.S.
; Parasitic Worms
to Dr. H. A. Baylis ; Leeches to Dr. *J. Percy Moore ; Sponges to Mr. M.
Burton ; Polyzoa to Dr. A. Hastings ; Itotifera to Prof. P. do Beauchamp ;
large Crustacea to Dr. I. Gordon ; Argulidae to Dr. W. A. Cunnington;
parasitic Copepoda to Mr. T&h-Sharpe ; Planktonic Crustacea to Mr. A. G .
Lowndes ; Myriapoda and Arachnida to Dr. S. Finnegan ; Hydrachnida to
Dr. 0.Lundblatl ; adult insects to members of the British Museum entomological department ; insect larvae to Dr. A. D. Imms ; land-plants and wakrweeds to Mr. J. Ramsbottom ; and Phytoplankton to Miss F. Rich.
As a result of the exptdition’s work it may now be said that all the important
lakcs in Kcnya and Uganda have received a thorough preliminary biological
survey, but it is not claimed that every organism from every lake ha3 been
collected; such a feat would have been impossible with thc time a t our
disposal, and indeed certain forms of life are inevitably overlooked in any
faunistic work. Many problems have been cleared up, but a t the same time
many others have been opened for further invclstigations. Moreover, there
104
DR. E. B. WORTHINOTON-CAMBRIDOE EXPEDITION TO EAST
&re still many fresh waters in this region not yet Rtudieci a t all. The rivers
kind streants present innumerablc problems in themselves, and it has not yct
been possible to examine the small crater lakes which abound in the Ankole
and Toro districts of Uganda. In Kenya, Lakc Magadi, a tmturated solution
of sods with fresh-water ntrcams flowing into it, arid Lake Jipe, which lies
under the massive volcano of Kilimiinjaro, have heen left out of our work.
In Tanganyika Territory there are still untouched fields for fresh-water
rt:seiLrch : the large alkaline liikes of Natron and Eynssi in the eastern rift
have not yet wen btwn collected and the abyss81 depths of Luke Tanganyikti
itself, which is known to be almost a milc deep, have only beem plumbed at
three points, while nothing is known of the abyssal fauna which may or may
not live near the bottom. Lake Nyassa presents similar deep-water problemn
which could not be tackled by the ecirly expcdtions owing to lack of suitable
equipment. T t is to be hoped, therefore, that before long a further expedition
will bc organized, thoroughly equipped for deepwater work, to proceed t o
Tnnganyika, Nyaasa, and the small unknown lakes of Tanganyika Territory
with the object of elucidating still further the problems of the African lakes.
I should like to take this opportunity of thanking the members of the
expedition for their. helpfulness, often in trying conditions, Professor J. Stanley
Gardiner for assistance in orgitnizing the expedition before leaving England
antl for advice in all its stages, His Excthncy Sir William Gowers for his
interest and help in Uganda, and thc many friends both in East Africa and in
England who have helped the expedition on its way.
The fnllowing Stiltion List is abridged from thc expedition's log-books, to
include only those stations from which specimens wrre preserved. The
object of printing it here is to save much unnecessary space in the following
series of papers, since tho locality and data concerning specimens can be
refcrrcd to simply by a statioii nnml)er.
Maps 1-3 are reproduced from the ' Geographical Journal,' vol. lxxix, by
permission of the Royal Geogriiphical Society. Maps 4 and 5 have beon
prcpirod by my wifc.
REFERENCES.
CCNNISOTON,W. A. 1920. Fauna of tho African Lakos. I'roc. Zool. Soc. London, 1920,
pp. 507-622.
QaAU.kM, M. 1989. Victoria Nyanza and its Fishorios. (Crown AgonLs for tho Colonies.)
G n ~ ~ o R ,J.
Y ,W. 1921. Rift Valloy and Goolvgy of East Africa. (soeley, Sorvico arid C o . )
H~HSEL,
L.VON. 1894. Discovery of Lakes Rudolf nnd Skfaiiie. (Longrnanw,Grmn&&.)
TTTJRST H. E., & PIIILLIPS,
P. 1931. Tho Nil0 Btluiii, vol. i, Phys. Uept. Papor no. 28.
Govt. Press, Cairo.
J F . = ~ ,p. M. 1932. Roportaon tho Porcy SIndnri Expedition to some Rift Valley Lakes
in Kenys, in 1929.-I. Introductory Account . . . Ann. & Mng. Nat. Hiat..
sor. 10, ix, pp. 633-553.
LEAKEY,
L. 8. B. 1931. East African Lakes. Geogr. Journ. Ixxvii, pp. 497-514.
WORTHIS~TON,
E. n. 1929. Roport on tho Fishing Survey of Lakos Albert antl Kioga.
(CrownAgonts for tho Coluiiios.)
_-. 1932. Tho I,akoe of Kenya and Uganda. Googr. Journ. lxxix, IJP. 276--97.
. .
AFRICAN LAKES: GEXERAL INTRODUCTION AND STATION LIST
105
ABRIDGED
STATION
LIST.
Lake Naivasha.
. . . .
Dab.
~.
.
~
I
~
Time.
I
IAocnlity.
I
Goar.
--
i
.
.
2 . . .. ,
3 . . ....
1800-0630.
5 . . ....I
13/11/30.
T......
8&9..
15/11/30. !
j
I
1 10A
. .I
~
'
0630-1600.
12/11/30. 1200-I 100.
11/11/30.
1700 1200.
I
E. shore ofi
MrRae's.
inid-lnko.
0700.
1230.
,
IS. shorn.
1100.
I
19/11/30. 1700-0700.
70~11/30. I630 - 1 i00.
,P
1 6 . . . . . . . 2l;l 1").
1s.. . . . .
19.. .
1
gill-nots.
I
..
'
I
23,'11/30.
. . . . .,
......
22......
23.. .....
21
1500.
Crcsrrnt Js.
crater.
I
0830.
0830-0630.
24/11/30.
25/11/30.
1
i
~
!
dopth 7 m.
tlrodgo',' plank- horizontal haul.
ton-nets.
'
native fishing.
pond-not &c.
weedy shore'
collection.
-
pond on
Kinankop.
wood nren
of 15. shore.
E. shoro.
Croscent Is.
crator.
E.shorn.
rainpool.
rniddle o f
lako.
I
15.. . . . .
SOtCR.
-__
depth 3 111.
I
16/11/30.
12.. ....
14.. ....
__
.
I
11. .... .: 17/11/30.
I
E.shorn.
-.
i
winch, pond- I
gonoral
collection.
not, &c.
gill-nets.
!
water-bottle,
depth 17 m.,
plankton-nets. vortical hauls.
gill-nets.
pond-not.
colloction.
plankt.ori-nets, ! clopth 10 In.,
wntor-bottles. ! vertical hank,
dhan-buoy fixotl.
water-bottle.
clopth 18 ni.,
dhan-buoy fixed. '
I
gill-nets.
I
~
-
-
i
-
I
I
24.. ....
26.
27.
.....
.. ...:
!
28.. ....
i 29... . ..i
130 ......
26/11/30,
,.
26/2/3 .
i
I
32.. . '
33...:::i
I
I
_.
i
1100.
1230011.
wards.
,
rocky islets.
n m r E.shore.
E. shore.
27/2/3
"
I
I
I
wood aroa
near 15. shore.
I,. Kakuru.
1100-1600. cratorlnke
2 miles W. of
L. Naivasha.
1700.
'
28/2/31.
1/3/31.
~
pond-net &c.
itoar E. shore.
CrescontIs.
crator.
i
,9
!
31.. ... .I
1800-0600.
9/2/31.
24/2/31.
,
fishermen's
collecting.
plankton-nets. horizontal hauls.
coarso
24 hours'plankton
plankton-net.
observations, 1
I vertical hauls.
fino
!
plankton-not.
i
planktonvertical hauls.
'
nets.
pond-not &c. ' shoro-c*ollaction.
plankton-nets,
vertical hauls. I
grabs, watorbottles, &c.
,
1I
106
DR. E. B. WORTHINOTON-CAMBRIDGE EXPEDITION TO EAST
Lake N a i w b (continued).
I
Dam.
Station.
, 3 4 . . . . . .1
I
I
35.
~
I
I
Time.
-
1600.
..
3/3/31.
R,'3/3 I .
1500.
near
1700-0630.
1200.
I
Notes.
I
colluction.
,
pond-net.
,
crater.
8i3/31.
~-
b r .
crator lako I
2 miles W. of
L. Naivnsha. I
2/3/3 1 .
38. . . . . .
Locality.
1'3'31.
.....
3(1....
37 ......
~
'
-~
-
water-bottlo.
i:shoro. I
i
1
!
plankton.
-
gill-ks.
...
38A
-_
3!). . . . . .
to.. ....
11/3/31
.12..
....
11/5/31
.13..
....
1200,
Lake Baringo.
........
.....
Station.
I
l
I
...
4/12/30.
102..
.. .'
5/12/30.
I
103. ....
101... . .
.
_
_
_
.
I
Date.
101..
-
1
Time.
1100
Locality.
Goar.
----
j
0630-1700.
S.W.shom.
I
seino &c.
nonr S.W.
I
gill-nets.
___
Notes.
,
sandy shore
collection.
depth 4 m.
I
I
I
1
,,
I
1730-1380.
1100.
long line.
, pond-iret &r.
I
I
6/ 12/30.
7/ 12/30.
I
1800-1000.
1100 0630.
sniall hooks.
snndy show
collection.
II
I 1130-1300. '
I
19
1700.
!
8/12/30.
..
1 0 6 ~
1 0 7 . . ...
108..
...
S. shore.
open wator.
9/ 12/30.
'
l600-0600.
I
1100.
,
pond-net &c. swamp-colloction.
grab.
lines of
1
soundings.
gill-nets,
107
AFRICAN LAK ES : GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND STATION LIST
Lake Baringo (continued).
-
-
... .
24/1/31.
...
25/1/31.
114.. . . .
116.. .
-.
1100.
rivor at
26/ 1131.
0900 1200.
1600-1700.
I
S. shore.
W. shore.
...
27/1/31.
180G0600.
i
117.. . . .
28/ 1/3 1.
0900.
1700-0600.
111.
112..
..
116..
!
'
118..
119A
. .!
122., . . .
123.. . . .
:
I
..
.. .
,
-
i
i
I
I
grab, plankton- I
depth 7 m.,
nets, dredge.
vertical hauls.
I
trawl.
3 haula.
wator-bottle
I
, centrifugo.
plankton-nets.
vertical hauls.
1
contrifugo. I
native
I
lines of
i
fishing.
soundings.
pond-net $0.
rocky island.
shore-collection.
hot-spring
I
-
'
1000.
1200.
1600.
,
,t
.
127.. .. .,
.II
plankton-neb. horizontal hauls.
gill-nets.
depth 7 m.
longline.
-
1
1700-1800.
0600.
30/ 1/31.
31/1/31.
I
-
open water
near rocky
island.
open water
now rocky
islnntl.
1700.
124.. . . .
125.. .;
126.. . .j
*
plankton-nota. 1
pond-net $0.
swamp-collection
stonyshore
collection.
gill-neb.
dhen-buoy fixed.
'
I
1100-1130.
121. . .
128***
stony shore
,
28/1/31.
..I
I
I
1
...
119.. . . .,
____-
I
-
1
19
1700-1800.
2/2/31.
1100.
! __
I
-. .
j
I
I
..
.
.
. ...
-
I
large
,
I
I
collection.
I
..
Lake Hannington.
,
I
__
.
Dnte.
Station.
IF..
.
.-
'
Timo.
.~_-
i
132..
. I
. . .'
I
j
-
3/%/3
1.
i 130.. .. .'
I 131... .
..-
-.
I
.9
---
-
I
.
.
VOL. XXXVIII
. .- .-
.-
Goar.
Notow.
pond-not &c.
muddy shore
collection.
1
--
I
"
-
I
rivor
ontoring lake. ,
N. shore.
river
ontoring lako.
N.K. shore.
-
W N N . J0URN.-ZOOLOGY,
-
N. shore.
4/2/31.
Locality.
..
1
P.
seine.
pond-net.
,
-
' shore-collection.
I
pond-net.
,,
I
I
9
108
DR. E. B. WORTIlISGTON---C~BBLDaERXPEDITION TO EAST
Lake Rudolf.
~
Dltte.
StJiun.
I
.. . .
I
Time.
T.oca1ity.
1
barn V R I I > at
~
mouth of Kuhokwol h v c r .
lee of Pergu- ,
202.. . .i
,
'
1100.
aonspit.
1
I
204..
,,
1 1800-0600. P e r p o n Buy.
loo of Forpi205...
XmaaUay.
1500.
soil spit.
26/12/30.
0600.
bnso ramp.
206.
201.
I
I
!
..
,,
1300.
2!)/12/30.
0000.
209.. . . .
. ..
211..
1000-1400.
I9
i
-
just outside
Bay.
Ferguson spit.
gill-nots.
I
dopth 3 in.
sandy shore.
native fieher-
mndy show.
native fisherman's catrh.
--
POl.@IHOIl
'
211A
..
211
..
13
212.
. ...
,9
1030.
,.
I 130.
30:12/30.
0600.
1230.
0600.
1045 0630.
213.. ...
"14.. . . .
215.. . . .
216..
31/12/30.
1;1/31.
. ..
long lino
for L u ~ Y .
pond-not ~ r c .
~
-
bnso camp.
pond-nut Szc.
gill-rlets.
opoii water 1
mile from spit.
plankton-n0t.s.
1200.
I
2 1 7 . . .. .
2\1/31.
1200 1700.
Ycrgiison Hay.
1
gill-nets.
21s..
.. .
3/1/31.
1200.
Centrul Island.
1
ponci-iict..
219..
. ..
4/1/31.
I xoo.
!
lee of Ferguson q i t .
I
IJHXO
camp
!
0900 1 100.
I
I
! 221
!
6/1/41.
A
,.
222..
...
221
223
I
.....
......
j
-!- ..
,,
.*
!
lG00 Jdnr).
loo nf Forpi-
,,
son spit.
I off point o f
E'erguaon spit.
1700.
1X30.
.,
i
soino.
pond-not
nnd siovon.
2" gil1.net.
seirie.
long line.
Rhoro.
sandy shore.
long line
for Latea.
seine.
base camp.
I
Notes.
-
1.500.
.. . .
210.
, muddy
gill-nots.
seine.
..
. . ..
208A
seine.
11
. . . I
i
I
I
.
I
0630.
24/12/30.
Gem.
I
collection in
closed alkalino
pool.
native Ashornion.
'
, native
shoro-colloc.t
fishernion.
ion.
bottom fnliii>g.
depth 18.6 m.
dopl,li 18.5 I I I . ,
vertical huuls.
doptl1 3 111..
crocodile
n m d i o d nots.
; shore-collection,
, linos of soundings.
attndy shore,
3 haiils.
~
sot along
weedy shoro.
-
_ _ .. ____
II
AFRJCAN LAKES: GENERAL. INTRODUCTION AND STATION LIST
109
Lake Rudolf (continued).
I
Station. I
i 111:: 1
...I
. ..
!
229.. . . .!
230.. . .
227..
228..
Date.
I
1800-1400.
8/1/31.
0730-1130.
,,
0800.
9/1/31.
1700.
10/1/31.
1700-1900.
173ck1900.
1100.
110&1500.
1200.
231 .....! 20/3/31.
232.. . . .'
232 A . .
. . .j
Time.
7/1/31.
.i
234..
__
W r
Locality.
I; lee of Fergu-
I
I
%.kr
near Central
Island.
.
long line.
-
gill-neb.
depth 60 m..
bottom hhing,
inea of sounding.
depth 67 m.
4 hauls.
P b .
leo of Ferguson spit.
mine.
gill-nets.
Long line.
1' seine.
long line.
trawl.
off point of
spit.
I
. . .I
236..
..:
237..
. . .'
. , :I
240.. .. .
i
241 .....,
242..
22/3/31.
1500- 1100.
depth 12 m.,
surface fishing.
ihan-buoy fixed.
Record Late$,
95 kg.
24/3/31.
28/3/31.
.!
i
. ..
1100.
1
I
I
,9
basocamp.
1,
1800.
1~00.
I Fnrgus:ln Bay.
I
1
Forguson spit.
long line.
1" seine.
pond-not.
-
1
long line.
soino.
I
-
I
pond-net.
i
1000.
-
collection from
enclosed rivormouth.
,
shoreshell
collection.
crocodilo
i
smashed xeirie. '
I
-
sandy shoro
colloction.
depth 3 in.,
S. end of Fnr- plankton-nets.
horizontal haul.
guson Bay.
depth 4 m.,
interriietliato
horizontal haul.
position.
depth 3.3 ~ n . ,
*
horizontal hauls.
dopth 4.7 m..
N. ontl of Forhorizontal hauls.
guson Bay.
S. ond of Ferpond-net.
shore-collection.
gusonBay.
I
0900.
-
~
seine.
1100.
1200.
1.
,,
1730.
1100.
250..
loo of Forguson n p t .
baso camp.
1800.
1130.
I
.. .
261.. ...
I
1700.
247.. . . .,
..
i
0900.
I
25/3/31.
27/3/31.
249..
'
24/3/31.
243.. .:
244.. . . . I
245.. . . I
246.. .
248..
much mud.
depth 25 m.,
vortical hauls.
pool collection.
...i
..
.
.:
-
1100.
I
238..
-
-
21/3/31.
I
235..
Notes.
~
I
'
I
I
~
I
110
DR. E. B. WORTKINOTON-CAMBRIDQE
EXPEDITION TO EAST
Lake Rudolf (oontinncd).
I
Station.
I
...I
.
1
Date.
,
253..
254.. . ..
265.. . .'
257 .....
,
1
1
1
268..
...
269..
...I
30/3/31.
,,
,,
,,
31/3/31.
,,
,
1 261 .....
.,
...,
11
1
262..
I
Time.
. . ..
2/4/31.
I
j
..
.
..
264.. .
266.. . ,
267. . .
! .....I
:
3/4/31.
,,
269
1
'
271..
...
273..
. . ./
274..
...I
2 7 R . . . . .i
I 277.. . .
278.. . . .i
.'
'
1 280
.....i1
1 283..
I
I
1I
281 .....
...I
,,
5/4/31.
8/4/31.
9/4/31.
11/4/31.
,,
12/4/31.
14/4/31.
I
i
Cionr.
lee of spit.
1300.
0!l00.
,
-
Ferguson spit.
'
1100.
entranro to
pltrtikton-nets.
Fergison Bay.
intermediato
position.
j
open wator.
1200.
I
1230.
-
nlgno from closed
~
.* II
'
,I
outside of
spit.
1
p
u
r
l
.
'
I
-
I
'
1000.
j
__
soino.
loug line.
gill-nots.
1
1
sotos.
~-
1
'
'
alkalino pool.
doptli 9.1 m.,
horizontal hauls.
dopth 12m.,
horizontal hauls.
dqAli 17 In.,
~iorizonta~
hnuln.
t1opt.h 21 I n . ,
horizontal hauls.
poliCAli and
cormorant
stoiiinvhx.
open wntm w. plankton-nats.
tlopth 48 m.,
of Central Is.
24 hours' plankton
i
observations,
vortical hauls.
-_
Can,nt.ralinland
1" soino.
1700.
1700.
@ln.
fishos R h O t .
gill-nots.
depth 50 m.,
0900-1700. ' I opon La1.m.
bottom fishing.
crntm Iako B.
plankton1000.
colloction.
crator lake A.
1" mine.
1000.
dopth 9 m.,
1100.
,,
plankton-neb.
horizontal hauls.
1" soino.
1600.
crater lake C.
wator sample ,
preserved.
Contra1 Island.
shorn shell
I
'
col1ect.ions.
Forguson Bay.
1700.
tmwl.
I @.nets.
1700.
I!
S. end Fer- '
1" mine.
g u o n nay.
ham camp.
pond-not.
alkalino pool
c:olltrction.
!
Contra1 Tsltrnrl.
rocky shorn
colloction.
1
I
0900.
I E. shoroof I
sandyRhorn
lake new Mt. 1
oolloc.t.iori.
El Moitnt,. ,
0600.
f o s d slioll
!
"
I
I
collection.
1800 onwards.
~
-
1
~
I
Locality.
I
I 0930-1800.
I
263.
1
I
.....1
I260
'
'
l -
1
~
1
I
1
I
I
AFRICAN LAKES
: UEZERAL 1STROL)UCTIOIY
11 1
ANU STATION LIST
Lake Rudolf (continued).
.
I
Station.
I
'r imo.
Date.
~
288..
...
14/4/31.
1100.
286..
287..
288..
...
15/1/31.
0630.
.I
15/4/31.
090~1200.
...
..
289-.
290.....
291..
1
I
.. .;
I
, 292..
i 293
I
. ..
.....
l
'
295. ....
296..
...
1
2 9 8 . . .. .
. ..
. . . .I
299..
301.
I
,
I
"
1700-0900.
1700-0800.
,
,
"
Adach lagoon.
Forguson Bay.
N.W. shoro,
near Mt. Labur,
1
open water
fmilebeyond
spit.
1
0630.
21/4/31.
-
I
woody shore.
I
-
I
1" soine,
pond-net.
long lino.
gill-nets.
base camp.
depth 2 m.
muddy shore,
baby crocodiles.
shore collection. I
hot froshI
water spring.
I
1
I
I
1
shore shells.
muddy shore.
I
1
1
plankton-nets,
grab, contrifuge.
gill-nets.
pond-not,
1" soine.
1
1800-0630.
22/4/31.
wmdy lagoon.
pond-net.
1
~
Notes.
I
near i k k w e l I
River mouth,
W. of lake.
_.
-
1" seine and
pond-net.
pond-not.
1" seine.
gill-nots.
1" seine.
,2
I
17/4/31.
19/4/31.
17/4/31.
G oar.
-
I
t
I
Locality.
'.
'I
__________-
~
I
1200.
16/4/31.
__
15. shoru nuar
aft. El Moitat.
I
__
__
__ -
_-
depth 19.8,
vertical hauls.
muddy shore.
I
I
1
Kazinga Channel.
~-
-
Station.
501..
. ..:
.I
Dato.
Time.
24/5/31.
1700-0630.
i
..
604 .....
I
Goar.
Notos.
'
dopth 2.5 m.
1,
,,
long lino.
17004600.
,.
gill-nets.
1700-0630.
1 mile N.E. of
Katunguru.
Katunguru.
gill-nets.
,
gill-nets.
s,
1
pond-net.
-
25/;/31,
-
"
I
27/5/31.
. ..
508.. . ..
607..
509.. .. .
___-
Locality.
mid-channel.
.....
1602
j 603..
-~ -
,f
-
1
1700-0630.
I
1100.
l
'I
I
,.
.,
1400.
1700-0600.
-
.-
i
1
1" seine.
longline.
smell hooks.
native fishermen's catch.
close to
P*PFS 430.
depth 2.5 m.
set very closo
to shore.
collection from
papyrus swamp.
.
i
112
DS. P. B. WORTHINaTON-CAMBRIDGE
EXPEDITION TO EAST
Kazinga Channel (continued).
- _.
-
i
!
...I
.....1
' 612.. ...'
j
510..
511
i
29/5/31.
,,
30/5/31.
- ..
___.
Time.
Katunguru.
1100.
1200.
I
i,
0)
plankton-nets. horizontal hauls.
'1 soino,
shore collection.
'
'
-
I
i
I 513 .....,
. ..I
614..
1
31/8/31.
.,...i
618
2/8/31.
I
! 5 1 6 A ..j
I.
-
1700-0800.
99
99
i
1
Lake Edward.
~
~
-
.
I
Locality.
Goar.
,
~-
1
Notes.
I
depth 2.5 m.
i
lj milos
.
boyond mouth
I
~
518..
. . .'
: 1800-0600.
,9
519... . .
6/6/31.
520..
8/6/31.
.
* .'
9)
-
!
5'21.
. ...
-722.. .
-.
;i23..
. ..
524. *
*
I -
525.. . . .
527... . .
I
528.. . ..I
' 529... - 1
530..
.
.
*
.I
'
~
'
..
Channel.
mouth of
Channel.
t~ 617.
Mwoyapro- j
~nontory. ;
I
-
~
I
,
long line.
gill-not&
I" seine,
pond-net.
-
!
'
--
mouthof
II
Channel.
j
Invertebrate
;
rivers along I
pond-net.
9/6/31.
I i Eest nhore. 1
collections.
11/6/31.
I 1700-0700. I
3 miles W.
gill-nets.
depth 8 3 m.
8/6/3 1 .
of Channel
,
mouth.
1100.
5 m i b a S. ,
large and
9/8/31.
I
of Channel
small minos.
, mouth.
1700-0600
As 518.
long lino.
11/6/31.
*
1000.
t mile up
plankton-nets. horizontal haula.
Channol.
I
!
1030.
+mile
1,
{
,
I
gill-nets.
-
I
i
I,
-
I
,,
.,
,9
9s
I
1
II
113
AFRICAN LAKXS : GENERAL INTRODUCTION A N D STATIOX LIST
Lake Edward (continued).
-.
!
... .
.______-
Station.
~
Dato.
1
Timo.
Locality.
11;6/31.
170g0630.
'24 inilov S.W.
of Charuiul
I
mouth.
i
12/6/31.
1700-0630.
& mile up
15/6/31.
-
Channol.
Katwo.
noar Katwo.
-.
..
!
..
534.. . .
535.. . .
I 536.. . .
537.. . .
532..
1700-0600.
,9
,,
,9
,9
-
17/6/31.
m a r IGonyi,
E. shore.
I
..
. ..,
. . ./
..
542.. . .
543.. . .
544.. . .
544A .
538..
639..
540..
541..
545..
546..
547..
548..
.'
..
Notes.
.. ___
dopth 4 in.
,
Goar.
'
18/6/31.
19/6/31.
19/6/31.
. ..
,
1700.
1
0900.
1100.
,I
,
j
$9
I
21/6/31.
I
22/6/31.
554..
556..
i
..
.I
I
I
.. .
,,
1
I
I
I
shore shell
~
I
I
i'
gill-note.
'
grab.
'
i
SOinO.
,
plankton-nots.
pond-net.
open wator buhind K. spil. '
1700-0600.
near Kanyagill-note.
I
mwongo.
1200.
mouth of
wino.
1 R. Ishashe.
1700-0530. near Katanda.,
gill-nots.
1200.
opon wstor, 1 plankton-nuts,
I 5 miles from
grab, pontl-
1 4 mile from
09W-O-. 1
1500.
1
I
collection.
shore collection.
i
1200.
1700-0630.
dopth 7.1 m.,
lines of
soundings.
dopth 8.5 m.
,t
bottle.
,,
j
.
I
I
I
1" seino,
pond-net
1
I
I
I
rnouthof
R. Niamworu.
1 mile S.
of 642.
near Kanyamwongo.
1700-0600.
I
552..
i
-
1300.
. . .,
' 549.. ...
i 551 .....
1" soino.
long line.
gill-nets.
grab.
gill-nots.
long lino.
seinu.
1100.
),
. ..
gill-nots.
I
180&0600.
1600-0600.
0700.
0900.
20/6/31.
..
I
._
I
________-.-_
531..
I
.
~
gill-nets.
W. shore.
closo to shore.
2" gill-net.
Q mile from plankton-nets.
shoro.
W. shore.
ponrl.net &c.
1
,
depth 8.8 ni.
depth 8.8 m.,
lines of
soundings.
-
I
'
I
dopth 11.8 m.,
vurtical hauls.
dopth 1.2 m.
'
I
i
I
dopth 4.6 m.
International
boundary.
depth 6 in.
dopth 60.2 m.,
vertical hauls,
lino of sounrlings on crossing lake.
depth 55.4 I n . ,
bottom fishing.
dopth 2 m .
depth 58.9 m., ,
vertical hauls. ,
rocky shore
colloction.
1
114
DR. E. B. WORTHINOTON4:AMBRIDOE EXPEDITION TO EAST
Lake Edward (continued).
-
-~
Statior
Date.
Time.
1700-0530.
568..
.
24/8/31.
550..
.
25/6/31.
560..
.
26/0/3I .
.
XI..
.
1200.
-
,9
563..
584.. .
26/6/31.
!27/6I31.
1700.
1700-0030.
.
28/6/31.
1100.
565..
588.. .
I
-.
Locality.
Congo shore.
I
furthor N.
!
2 iiiilee from
I
'
-.
her.
Notes.
gill-note.
clopth 13 m.,
bottom Aahing.
dopth 117 111.
,
depth 93.R m.
'
Congo shoro,
further N.
.I
I
Somliki suurce.
near Semliki
murco.
,
.*
,
I Somliki River.
1" seine.
collection
ofshoreand
foaail shells.
shore collection.
1" soino,
pond -net.
gun.
568..
,,
1700.
570.. .
30/6/3 1.
1800-0630. near KRHOIIIIB. gill-note.
1100.
'
,
poiid-net,
670 A
2/7/3 1.
1200-0600.
671 ...
3/7/31.
1200.
672.. ,
6/7/31.
1300.
573..
674..
12/7/31.
1500.
1200.
.
569.. .
575.
1800.
* ,
I
578.. ,
13/7/31.
I
I
-
# mile W. o f
Kazinga Clian.
no1 mouth.
near midtlln
of lake.
near Kisonyi,
R. shore.
iioar Kisonyi.
deop open
water.
,
source of
Somliki.
Kaiarida
lagoon.
,
1
'
gill-nets.
-
plenktonnots, water-
dopth 33.7 In.,
vertical hauls,
liiios of
soundings.
seine.
pond-net.
planktonnels, watmbottlo, &c.
-
i
'
~
,
cormorant
Rtomachs.
clept,h 7 m.
stony shoro
collection.
1
I
I
,,
i
polican atoinachs.
18 fish.
depth 3.6 i n .
1200.
*
I
gun.
rod.
gil I-nets.
29/13/31.
567..
.- .-.
,
L
I
i
1
i
, swamp-colleclion.
'
I,
depth 90 m.
vortical hauls.
shoro collection.
'
plaiikl,on-neta. I horizontal hauls.
115
AFRICAN LAKES : UEPIERAL INTHODUCTIOB AND STATIOS LIST
Lake George.
I
i
600..
..
.i
..
I 601.. . . .
I
Dato.
602.. . . .)
I
I
I
I
I
1
I
..
.I
16/7/31.
19/7/31.
18/7/31.
'
1
1
I
21/7/31.
,,
23/7/31.
~
i
'
Locality.
E. r t n t l of l i u zingu CliannoI.
[
I
1000.
1730-0600.
-
'
I
12. c111t1of Ka- 1
z inga Cliannel.
I
,,
I
'
-
i
I-:
long line.
soino.
poitd.net.
sandy shoro.
'
I
rain-pools
botiintl camp.
tIoptl1 3.5 111.
-
stonos and rocks.
gill-nets.
gill-n0t.s.
dopth 3.0 m.
-
-
shoro-oolloction.
I
gill-note.
-
,
long line.
mar Channel.
1
E. shoro of
1
I
4 rnin. I;
pond-net.
L.Go0i-go
4
horizontal
' hauls at, surface.
gill-iiots.
'
(.i-atoi:1uktls I pond-noh k c . 1
lako.
mile clown
I
I
1
i
24/7/31.
I
depth 3.5 m.
j
I plankton-nots.
E. end Ka- 1
zingu Channol. '
I
1700-0600.
1700-0600.
____
I
I
-
-
Gonr.
gill-nuts.
~
__
15/7/31.
I
. . .I
607.. . . I
608.. . . :I
I
609.. . . .,
606..
1100.
I
I
605..
'
Timo.
..
9.
~
1
13/7/31.
I 600A
'
____
-
I
I
1
1
'
I
i
C'hHIlll~~~
611..
612..
.. .
. . .I
I
26/7/31.
I
613 .....
614.. ..'
.
616.. . ..
616.. . ..
617..
,,
28/7/31.
I
I
I
1800-0630.
-
l
rruisirig up
E. shon\.
I
1
seine.
gill-iiot,s.
29/7/31.
,,
29/7/31.
I
622 .....
. ..
. ..
I
30/7/31.
pond-mts.
1
J
,
I
1100.
N.E. corner
of lake.
I
it
OUC.
2" net.
i
"
Iragara Isl.
,,
I
1
I
I
i
1
floating Nile
cnbbago.
1
, polican stomachs. 'I
swamp collcction.
mud shore.
near papyrus
tied to papyrus.
nonr X. shoro. ' plankton-nota. brown water near
papyrus swamp.
1130.
1700-pB00.
.. miles
.-~ .
dopth 2.2 m.,
1
riflo.
S . shoro, iri
pontl.net,
I
I rivor niouth. I plankton-not.
X X . cornor 1
soine.
I
of lake.
I
1800-0600.
,,
I gill-nets.
, 1800-0600. 1
1
4
annriv alinm.
I----
i
~
__
I
I
dopth 2.5 In.,
milo out.
I
I:hI 1
1
...
619.. . . .I
620.. . . . j
624..
gill-nots.
-
27/7/31.
...
618..
623..
E. U I l d o f
Channol.
Blayura.
183CO630.
"
gill-nots.
long line.
green water,
depth 2.8 m.
-
-
I
'
i
116
DR. E. B. WORTIILNQTON-CAMBRIDGE
EXPEDITION TO EAST
Lake Qeorge (continued).
i Station. I
I
-
.
I 6 2 6 . . ...I
i
'
1
Dato.
I
___
3 1/7/31.
. .!
...I
627.. .
I 629..
.
*
!
I
1
Locality.
._I_.___
1100.
Iragara Isl.
1800-0600.
1215.
-1
8 3 0 . . . . .'
Timo.
I
I
.-
Notes.
GORr.
___
pond-nel.
,
1
pond-net.
long lino.
E.A
:d of
! Kaeinga Chtm.
I
-
soino.
Kisenyi.
I
I
rain-pools
I
behind shore. I
nativo fishemon.
iriuddy shore. I
-
-
I 628..
628A 8: B I
i
____
~-
_-.
sandy ahoro.
-
3/8/31.
I
I
I
I
I
I
~
I
I
Station.
I
])ate.
Tinro.
..
.!
7 0 3 . . . . .I
I overnight
12/8/31.
I
7 0 3 A ..i
7 0 4 . . . . .,
705..
708A
. ..
..I
711.. ...I
14/8/31.
*.I
.....I
721..
I
. . .I
722 .....I
i
,'i
i
i
I
15/9/31.
16/8/31.
Bufundi.
..
,.
18/8/31.
Wontorn arm
of lako.
,,
gill-not,a.
pnnti.net.
grab.
"
pond-net.
i
gun.
I
pond-net.
pond-not.
I
.- .
- ..
.
I
I
I
'
close Cweods.
aL landing.
1 depth 39.2 m.,
dhawbuoy fixod
in middle of lake.
nonr shorn
~
I
1
i
I
i
I
i
I
grab.
I
with baskoh.
I
'
I
,,
,
.,
I
1
pond-net.
I
Notos.
I
-
I plankton-nets.
southerly arni
of Inke.
near Bufundi.
Ewatorn arm.
I
I nativo fiutiorrnen
-
i
Bufundi.
I
-
I
I
7 1 4 ** .
7 1 5 . . , . ./
718.. . .
I
II
1
I
,,
720
all r(JUI1d
shoros.
13/;/31.
.I
.
-
12/8/31.
707. . * *
709. . . . .j
713 .....I
.
ncnr
Bufundi.
nnfundi.
13/8/31.
Goar.
~ n c ~ t y .
.
702..
,
I
'
pond-net.
"
.
depth 37 m..
vertical hauls.
depth 3.8 m.,
among weeds.
otter stomachs.
cormorant
stomach.
in water-lilies.
dopth 10 ni.,
in wooda.
swamp c o ~ o c tion.
rniddlo of deep
part of lako.
depth 29.6 In.,
oblique haule.
depth 16.5 IU.,
mud.
along shore.
among lilies.
I
AFRICAN LAKES
: GENERAL INTRODUCTION
AND STATION LIST
117
L a b Bunyoni (continued).
Notes.
;
Bufundi.
I
I
amongwoods.
depth 37 m.,
VertiC8l h a d 8
gill-nets.
plankton-nets.
~
Lake Nakava-li.
Station.
--
1
Date.
Time.
Gear.
Notes.
gill-nets.
-
80inO.
by landing.
pond-net.
baskets.
native Aehermen
long linoe.
.,
,
I
middle of lake.
S. end of lake.
1700-0630.
1100.
1200.
1800.
overnight.
. ..
.. .
812.. ...
809..
811..
I
,
31/8/31.
,#
-
,
N. end of lake.
6.bay.
1100-1000.
1000-1700.
1.
.
0
.
.
2" gill-net.
by water-liliee
in b y .
pond-net.
among weeds.
S. end of lake.
collecting.
lumps of PPYNS
on shore.
,i middlo of lake.
plankton-nets. horizontal he&.
I
darter stomachs.
gun.
2" gill-net.
0600-1700.
s. ;By.
.
-
I
i
Luke Kachira.
I Station.
I
822..
. ..
I 823.. . . .
i 824.. . . .
Date.
!
Time.
4/9/31.
-
I
1
Locality.
I
I
Gar.
I
1
W. shoro.
Notee.
long line.
native fiehermon.
beakets.
I middlo of lake. ' plankton-nets.
dopth 4.0 m.,
I
I horizontal haule.
W.shore. 1
aeine.
in Zmuddy
I
clearings.
E.shore.
pond-net.
1 amongweeda.
1
1
.,
I
1
118
DR. E. R. WORTIII~QTO?J-CAMBHIDUE EXPEDITION TO EAST
Luke Kijanebulola.
-.
..
Station.
828.
j
I
... .
. . .:
831 .....:
832. * .. .
833. . . . . I
829. *
836.
. .. .
Date.
I
Time.
I
6/9/31.
I
-
i
,,
I
1
7/9/31.
1
,,
I
~
~
station.
j
837..
,
Dab.
-
naLivo calches.
1
pond-not.
long line.
gun.
sho~-w~da.
native fishermon.
dartfir dtminchs.
pond-net.
shorn-collwtioii.
j cnnt,re of lake.
1200.
-
1
1
Time.
I
"
-i
1
...
.
..
I
Locality.
Notes.
I
$9
. ..
1" soino.
E. end of
lake.
-
...
. ..
Locality.
-
-.
12/9/3 1.
842..
844..
I
I
I
121013 1.
13/9/31.
.
0600.
0700.
09oo-o800.
1100.
0700.
1000.
1100.
1700-0700.
1
1
W. shoro.
1" soino.
nets.
II
lines of
soundings.
sandy bench.
nativo fishormon.
E.sioro.
among woods.
pond-not.
awarnpy shore.
native fishormon.
nets.
middle of lake. plankton-nots. depth 4.4 In.,
vertical hauls.
I
horizontal ha&.
'
gill-nets.
,
W.shorn.
close to shorn.
E. shoro.
1
.
- -.
i
I
WORTHINGTON
JOURN. LINN. SOC.. ZOOL.. VOL. X X X V I I I .
EAST AFRICAN LAKES
PL. 1
WORTHINOTON
J O U R N . LINN. SOC.. ZOOL. VOL. X X X V I I I .
EAST AFRICAN LAKES
PL. 2
WORTHINOTON
J O U R N . L I N N . SOC.. Z O O L . . VOL. X X X V I I I .
EAST AFRICAN LAKES
PL.
3
AFRTCAN LAKES: GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND STATION LIST
119
EXPLANATION O F THE PLATES.
PLATE
I.
Fig. 1. Lake Naivasha (Station 1-43). [Photo E. n. W.]
Fig. 2. Lako Kijanebalola (Stations 828-36). [Photo E. R . W.]
PLATE
2.
Fig. 4. Viow of Lake Rudolf from tho summit of Central Island, with west shore in the
background. Crator lnko A in foreground (Stations 270-1). [Photo S. W.]
Pig. 4. Sandspit at tho foot of M t . El Moitat, East shoro of Lake Rudolf (Station 285).
[Photo S. R.]
PLATE
3.
Fig. 5 . l h o wontorn shoro of Lako Edward (Stations 557-61). [Photo E.B. W.]
Fig. 8 . South e n d of Lake George (Stations 601-4). [Photo E. 13. W.]
PLATE
4.
Map 1. Part of Luke Rudolf. (Expedition survoy by S. Worthington.)
Map 2. Lakes Edward and George.
Map 3. Tho East African Lakos.
PLATE
6.
Map 4. Lako h'aivacrha. Show outline and some of doplh rontoum from a survey (Kenya
Colony, P.W.D., no. 4920) by Mr. 11. C. H. Jonos.
Vorth A. 37
llup .i.
Lnko Butiyoiii. Shoro outline from Afrieu, 1 : ?31,000, - 5
1914.