Unit 2 – Matter
Study Guide
Define matter.
Has mass and volume
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is the amount of a substance and is constant, where weight is determined by its location and depends upon
gravity
Define physical property and give an example.
A characteristic that can be used to describe or identify a substance that does NOT involve a change in chemical
composition – examples, melting point, color, hardness, solubility
Define chemical property and give an example.
A characteristic that can be used to describe or identify a substance that DOES involve a change in the chemical
composition – examples, rusting, combustion, fermentation
Define physical change and give an example.
A change in form but NOT chemical composition – examples, melting, cutting into smaller pieces
Define chemical change and give an example.
A change in chemical composition and form – example – C3H8 (BBQ gas) burns to form CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2O
(water) – where new substances are formed
List and define the three (3) physical states of matter.
Solid – definite shape and definite volume
Liquid – indfefinite shape and definite volume
Gas/vapor – indefinite shape and indefinite volume
Describe the change in energy when changing between physical states.
Solid to liquid to gas or solid to gas – add energy (heat)
Gas to liquid to solid or gas to solid – remove energy (heat)
Define a pure substance and its two (2) types. Give examples of each type.
Uniform composition and properties throughout, regardless of source
Element – simplest pure substance, limited number, represented by simple symbol, e.g., H, Ne, He, C
Compound – chemical combination of elements, can be broken down to elements, unlimited number, represented by
formula, e.g., H2O, C3H8, CO2
Define a mixture and its two (2) types. Give examples of each type.
Composition varies and depends upon source
Homogeneous – composition the same throughout the sample, e.g., salt in water
Heterogeneous – composition varies in the sample, e.g., sand in water