Mango Educator Edition™
Spanish
Unit 1
Course Guide
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Greetings, Gratitude, and Goodbyes
Chapter 2: Do You Speak English?
Chapter 3: Names and Introductions
Chapter 4: Getting Around
Chapter 5: Shopping and Payment
Chapter 6: Drinks and Dining
Chapter 7: Numbers and Currency
Chapter 8: Getting Help
Chapter 9: What Does That Mean?
Chapter 10: Languages and Communication
Vocabulary Review
Phrase Review
Cultural Notes
Grammar Notes
2
3
11
18
24
35
46
56
70
84
90
98
123
152
156
Chapter 1: Greetings, Gratitude, and
Goodbyes
Saludos, Agradecimientos y
Despedidas
Chapter 1: Greetings, Gratitude, and Goodbyes
Conversational Goals
Grammar Goals
Express Gratitude
Express How Someone Feels
Greet People
Introduce Yourself
Make Small Talk with Strangers
Be Introduced to Subject-Verb Agreement
Create Affirmative Sentences and Questions
Learn the Two Forms of the Verb "To Be"
Recognize Gender Agreement of Adjectives
Use Personal Pronouns
Conversation
English
Spanish
¡Hola! ¿Cómo está usted?
Hello! How are you?
(OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH)
¡Buenos días! Estoy bien, gracias. ¿Y
usted?
Good morning! I'm fine, thanks. And you?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ehsTOY byehn
GRAHsyahs ee oosTEHDTH)
Estoy bien también. Gracias.
I'm fine too. Thank you.
(ehsTOY byehn tahmBYEHN GRAHsyahs)
Bueno, que tenga un buen día.
Well, have a good day.
(BWEHnoh keh TEHNgah oon bwehn DEEah )
Igualmente. Adiós.
Likewise. Goodbye.
(eewahlMEHNteh ahDTHYOHS)
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4
Hello. Hola.
English
Spanish
Hola.
1
Hello.
2
Good morning.
3
Hello. Good morning.
4
Good afternoon.
5
Did you notice that "Good morning" is Buenos días, but "Good afternoon" is Buenas tardes?
This is because in Spanish every noun has either a masculine or feminine gender, and the
adjective has to reflect this gender. You will learn more about this later in this chapter.
6
"Good afternoon" (Buenas tardes) is used from 12 p.m. all the way until around 7 p.m.
7
Good night.
8
In Spanish, Buenas noches can be used as both a greeting and a farewell.
9
In most Spanish speaking countries when entering a home it is customary to greet everyone in the
room by shaking his or her hand when you enter. It is also customary for two women, or a man
and a woman who know each other well, to kiss on the cheek.
(OHlah)
Buenos días.
(BWEHnohs DEEahs)
Hola. Buenos días.
(OHlah BWEHnohs DEEahs)
Buenas tardes.
(BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs)
Buenas noches.
(BWEHnahs NOchehs)
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5
How are you? ¿Cómo está usted?
English
Spanish
¿Cómo está usted?
1
How are you?
2
how
3
to be
4
Estar is only one of two verbs meaning "to be" in Spanish. It is often used for temporary states
of "to be."
5
(you) are
6
In Spanish, está is the form of the verb estar used when saying "he/she is" or "you are" in a
formal way.
7
you
8
Hello, how are you?
9
(you) are
10
Notice that the formal way to say "you are" (está) becomes estás when used informally.
11
you
12
In Spanish, the use of pronouns is not necessary when the person whom you are speaking about
is easily understood from context. This is because in Spanish the verb endings change to indicate
the person being referred to. It's not always necessary to use the informal "you" (tú) because it is
reflected in the verb ending. But, the formal form of "you" (usted) is often used. This is because
it is not totally obvious from the form of the verb whom the speaker is referring to. Está is used
for usted (you [formal]), él (he), and ella (she). This is something that happens with all
the verbs in Spanish. Keep in mind that these three persons will always have the same form of
the verb just like in English when we say "he is," "she is," and "it is."
13
How are you?
14
Hello, how are you?
15
she
16
How is she?
(KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH)
cómo
(KOHmoh)
estar
(ehsTAHR)
está
(ehsTAH)
usted
(oosTEHDTH)
Hola, ¿cómo está usted?
(OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH )
estás
(ehsTAHS)
tú
(too)
¿Cómo estás?
(KOHmoh ehsTAHS)
Hola, ¿cómo estás?
(OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAHS)
ella
(EHyah)
¿Cómo está ella?
(KOHmoh ehsTAH EHyah)
Continued on next page
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6
English
Spanish
17
Remember you could have also said, "¿Cómo está?" without saying ella as long as the person
whom you are speaking about is clear from the context of the conversation.
18
he
19
How is he?
él
(ehl)
¿Cómo está él?
(KOHmoh ehsTAH ehl)
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7
I'm fine. Estoy bien.
English
1
I'm fine.
2
I
3
(I) am
4
fine
5
Thank you.
6
I'm fine. Thank you.
7
and
8
And you?
9
I'm fine. And you?
10
too
11
I'm fine too.
12
You're welcome.
13
She is fine.
14
Ella está bien is also correct.
15
He is fine.
16
tired
17
He is tired.
Spanish
Estoy bien.
(ehsTOY byehn)
yo
(yoh)
estoy
(ehsTOY)
bien
(byehn)
Gracias.
(GRAHsyahs)
Estoy bien. Gracias.
(ehsTOY byehn GRAHsyahs)
y
(ee)
¿Y usted?
(ee oosTEHDTH)
Estoy bien. ¿Y usted?
(ehsTOY byehn ee oosTEHDTH)
también
(tahmBYEHN)
Estoy bien también.
(ehsTOY byehn tahmBYEHN )
De nada.
(deh NAHdthah)
Está bien.
(ehsTAH byehn)
Está bien.
(ehsTAH byehn)
cansado
(kahnSAHdthoh)
Está cansado.
(ehsTAH kahnSAHdthoh)
Continued on next page
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8
English
Spanish
Está cansada.
18
She is tired.
19
Did you answer Está cansado or *Ella está cansado? This is almost correct. However, in
Spanish the adjective must reflect the gender of the noun it modifies. In general, masculine
nouns and their adjectives end in "-o," and feminine nouns and adjectives end in "-a."
20
You are tired.
21
Since in Spanish all adjectives have to agree with the gender of the noun they modify, in this
course we will adopt the masculine gender as the default. Remember the masculine gender is
usually indicated by an "-o" at the end of the word. Moving forward, we will be sure to let you know
when to use the feminine gender.
(ehsTAH kahnSAHdthah)
Usted está cansado.
(oosTEHDTH ehsTAH kahnSAHdthoh)
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9
Have a good day. Que tenga un buen día.
English
1
Spanish
Have a good day.
Que tenga un buen día.
(That have a good day.)
(keh TEHNgah oon bwehn DEEah)
un día
2
a day
3
good
4
a good day
5
Did you say *un bueno día? Good guess! However, if an adjective ending in "-o" comes before
a singular masculine noun, then we drop the "-o." Again, this only happens if the adjective comes
before the noun. For example, we say un hombre bueno (a good man) but un buen hombre
(a good man) if the adjective comes first. Remember, this rule only applies to singular masculine
nouns. So buenos días always gets to keep the "-o"!
6
to have
7
have [imperative]
8
The imperative verb form is the command form. That is, we use the imperative form to give
commands like "Stop!" or "Hurry!" and so on.
9
that
10
Que is the subordinate conjunction "that" as in, "I hope that you have a good day."
11
Likewise.
12
to see
13
(BWEHnoh)
un buen día
(oon bwehn DEEah)
tener
(tehNEHR)
tenga
(TEHNgah)
que
(keh)
Igualmente.
(eewahlMEHNteh)
ver
(behr)
Nos vemos.
(We see each other.)
(nohs BEHmohs)
until
15
later
17
bueno
See you.
14
16
(oon DEEah)
hasta
(AHStah)
luego
(LWEHgoh)
See you later.
Hasta luego.
(Until later.)
(AHStah LWEHgoh)
mañana
tomorrow
(mahNYAHnah)
Continued on next page
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10
English
18
19
20
Spanish
See you tomorrow.
¡Hasta mañana!
(Until tomorrow.)
(AHStah mahNYAHnah)
pronto
soon
(PROHNtoh)
See you soon.
¡Hasta pronto!
(Until soon.)
(AHStah PROHNtoh)
21
Goodbye.
22
Goodbye. Have a good day.
Adiós.
(ahDTHYOHS)
Adiós. Que tenga un buen día.
(ahDTHYOHS keh TEHNgah oon bwehn
DEEah)
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11
Chapter 2: Do You Speak English?
¿Usted Habla Inglés?
Chapter 2: Do You Speak English?
Conversational Goals
Grammar Goals
Ask and Tell Where Someone is From
Ask Whether Someone Speaks a Language
Get Someone's Attention
Learn Simple Negation
Learn to Conjugate the Verb Hablar
Understand the Basic Structure of Questions
Use the Preposition De
Use the Verb Ser
Conversation
English
Spanish
Disculpe, ¿usted habla inglés?
Excuse me, do you speak English?
(deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH AHblah
eenGLEHS)
Sí hablo inglés.
Yes, I speak English.
(see AHbloh eenGLEHS)
¿Usted habla español?
Do you speak Spanish?
(oosTEHDTH AHblah ehspahNYOHL)
Hablo un poco de español.
I speak a little bit of Spanish.
(AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL)
¿De dónde es usted?
Where are you from?
(deh DOHNdeh ehs oosTEHDTH)
Soy de los Estados Unidos.
I am from the United States.
(soy deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)
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12
Excuse me, do you speak English?
Disculpe, ¿usted habla inglés?
English
Spanish
Disculpe, ¿usted habla inglés?
1
Excuse me, do you speak English?
2
to speak
3
(you) speak
4
English
5
Do you speak English?
6
Did you notice there is no word in Spanish equivalent to the English “do” when used in questions?
7
Excuse me!
8
Excuse me!
9
Spanish
10
Do you speak Spanish?
11
German
12
Do you speak German?
13
French
14
Remember that personal pronouns are not necessary in Spanish. Try the following question
without the pronoun usted.
15
Do you speak French?
16
you speak
17
Do you speak Spanish?
18
Do you speak French?
(deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH AHblah
eenGLEHS)
hablar
(ahBLAHR)
habla
(AHblah)
inglés
(eenGLEHS)
¿Usted habla inglés?
(oosTEHDTH AHblah eenGLEHS)
¡Disculpe!
(deesKOOLpeh)
¡Disculpa!
(deesKOOLpah)
español
(ehspahNYOHL)
¿Usted habla español?
(oosTEHDTH AHblah ehspahNYOHL)
alemán
(ahlehMAHN)
¿Usted habla alemán?
(oosTEHDTH AHblah ahlehMAHN)
francés
(frahnSEHS)
¿Habla francés?
(AHblah frahnSEHS)
hablas
(AHblahs)
¿Hablas español?
(AHblahs ehspahNYOHL)
¿Hablas francés?
(AHblahs frahnSEHS)
Continued on next page
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13
English
19
Spanish
The number of English/Spanish bilinguals in Mexico is increasing. Over the past couple of years, a
great number of schools have incorporated many English courses. On the other hand, a lot of
indigenous dialects spoken in the country have been losing speakers.
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14
I speak a little bit of Spanish.
Hablo un poco de español.
English
Spanish
Hablo un poco de español.
1
I speak a little bit of Spanish.
2
(I) speak
3
I speak Spanish.
4
a little bit
5
of
6
a little bit of Spanish
7
yes
8
Yes, I speak a little bit of French.
9
She speaks a little bit of English.
10
Did you remember that in Spanish él, ella and usted use the same form of the verb? Therefore,
we have él habla, ella habla or usted habla with the verb hablar.
11
Italian
12
He speaks a little bit of Italian.
13
Yes, I speak French.
14
no
15
Do you remember that in Spanish there is no equivalent to "do" when used in questions? Well,
similarly in negation there is no equivalent to "don't", you simply use "no".
16
I don't speak English.
(AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL)
hablo
(AHbloh)
Hablo español.
(AHbloh ehspahNYOHL)
un poco
(oon POHkoh)
de
(deh)
un poco de español
(oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL)
sí
(see)
Sí, hablo un poco de francés.
(see AHbloh oon POHkoh deh frahnSEHS)
Ella habla un poco de inglés.
(EHyah AHblah oon POHkoh deh
eenGLEHS)
italiano
(eetahLYAHnoh)
Él habla un poco de italiano.
(ehl AHblah oon POHkoh deh
eetahLYAHnoh)
Sí, hablo francés.
(see AHbloh frahnSEHS)
no
(noh)
No hablo inglés.
(noh AHbloh eenGLEHS)
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15
Where are you from? ¿De dónde es usted?
English
Spanish
¿De dónde es usted?
1
Where are you from?
2
where
3
from
4
From where?
5
In Spanish, de is used for both "from" and "of." But don't worry, the context of the conversation
will help you decide which one is being used!
6
to be (for permanent states of being)
7
Do you remember "to be" is also estar in Spanish? This is because "to be" using the verb ser is
used for states of being that do not change; for example, Soy una mujer. (I am a woman).
Whereas, Estar is used for states of being that can change; for example, Estoy cansada (I am
tired).
8
(you) are (for permanent states of being)
9
(you) are (for permanent states of being)
10
Where are you from?
11
(they) are (for permanent states of being)
12
they
13
Where are they from?
14
they
15
Did you notice that the English personal pronoun "they" has two Spanish equivalents: ellas and
ellos?
16
Excuse me. Where are they from?
17
Where is she from?
(deh DOHNdeh ehs oosTEHDTH)
dónde
(DOHNdeh)
de
(deh)
¿De dónde?
(¿deh DOHNdeh?)
ser
(sehr)
es
(ehs)
eres
(EHrehs)
¿De dónde eres?
(deh DOHNdeh EHrehs)
son
(sohn)
ellos
(EHyohs)
¿De dónde son ellos?
(deh DOHNdeh sohn EHyohs)
ellas
(EHyahs)
Disculpe. ¿De dónde son ellas?
(deesKOOLpeh deh DOHNdeh sohn
EHyahs)
¿De dónde es?
(deh DOHNdeh ehs)
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16
I'm from the United States.
Soy de los Estados Unidos.
English
Spanish
Soy de los Estados Unidos.
1
I'm from the United States.
2
(I) am (for permanent states of being)
3
the United States
4
from the United States
5
You are from the United States.
(soy deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs
ooNEEdthohs)
soy
(soy)
los Estados Unidos
(lohs ehstAHdthohs oonEEdthohs)
de los Estados Unidos
(deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)
Usted es de los Estados Unidos.
(oohstEHDTH ehs deh lohs ehstAHdthohs
oonEEdthohs)
6
Excuse me. Are you from the United States?
7
Mexico
8
I'm from Mexico.
9
Mexican
10
I'm Mexican.
11
American
12
You are American.
13
You are American.
14
Canada
15
You are from Canada.
16
Canadian
17
I'm Canadian.
Disculpe. ¿Usted es de los Estados
Unidos?
(deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH ehs deh lohs
ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)
México
(MEHheekoh)
Soy de México.
(soy deh MEHheekoh)
mexicano
(MEHheekahnoh)
Soy mexicano.
(soy mehheeKAHnoh)
estadounidense
(ehstahdthohooneedthEHNseh)
Usted es estadounidense.
(oosTEHDTH ehs ehstahdthohooneeDTHEHNseh )
Eres estadounidense.
(EHrehs ehstahdthoh-ooneeDTHEHNseh)
Canadá
(kahnahDTHAH)
Usted es de Canadá.
(oosTEHDTH ehs deh kahnahDTHAH)
canadiense
(kahnahDTHYEHNse)
Soy canadiense.
(soy kahnahDTHYEHNse)
Continued on next page
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17
English
Spanish
Eres canadiense.
18
You are Canadian.
19
They are from Mexico.
20
They are Mexican.
21
Did you get it right? You might have said son mexicano. Remember that in Spanish there are
singular and plural nouns, as well as adjectives that apply to every person. Therefore, son
referring to "they are," needs a plural adjective such as mexicanos.
22
(they) speak
23
They are not from Mexico and they don't
speak Spanish.
(EHrehs kahnahDTHYEHNse)
Ellos son de México.
(EHyohs sohn deh MEHheekoh)
Son mexicanos.
(sohn mehheeKAHnohs)
hablan
(AHblahn)
Ellos no son de México y no hablan
español.
(EHyohs noh sohn deh MEHheekoh ee noh
AHblahn ehspahNYOHL)
Sí, hablo un poco de español. Soy de
los Estados Unidos y hablo inglés.
24
Yes, I speak a little bit of Spanish. I'm from
the United States and I speak English.
(see AHbloh oon POHkoh deh
ehspahNYOHL soy deh lohs
ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs ee AHbloh
eenGLEHS)
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18
Chapter 3: Names and Introductions
Chapter 3: Names and Introductions
Conversational Goals
Grammar Goals
Ask Someone's Name
Introduce Yourself and Others
Recognize Common Latin American Names
Respond to Introductions
Say that You Are Not Someone or Something
Be Introduced to Number Agreement
Conjugate the Reflexive Verb Llamarse
Create Affirmative Sentences and Questions
Learn More Prepositions
Recognize Attached Personal Pronoun Clitics
Conversation
English
Spanish
Hola, me llamo María.
Hi, my name is María.
(OHlah meh YAHmoh mahREEah)
¿Cómo se llama usted?
What is your name?
(KOHmoh seh YAHmah oosTEHDTH)
Me llamo Tom. Es un gusto conocerla.
My name is Tom. It's nice to meet you.
(meh YAHmoh tom ehs oon GOOStoh
kohnohSEHRlah)
Igualmente, Tom. Él es mi esposo, Carlos.
It is nice to meet you too Tom. This is my husband
Carlos.
(eewahlMEHNteh tom ehl ehs mee
ehsPOHsoh KAHRlohs)
Gusto en conocerlo.
Nice to meet you.
(GOOStoh ehn kohnohSEHRloh)
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19
What is your name? ¿Cómo se llama usted?
English
1
Spanish
What is your name?
¿Cómo se llama usted?
(How do you call yourself?)
(KOHmoh seh YAHmah oosTEHDTH)
2
Did you say, "*¿Cómo usted se llama?" Good guess! However, personal pronouns like usted,
etc., can either come at the beginning or end of the sentence. So, you can say, ¿Usted cómo
se llama? or ¿Cómo se llama usted?
3
to call oneself
4
Llamarse is a reflexive verb. Reflexive verbs show that the action of the subject of the sentence
is being carried out on the subject itself. That is why "to call" (llamar) alone is not reflexive
because this can mean that I call you on the phone. However, if you want to say that I call myself,
as in "my name is," I am performing the action on myself, so I would use the reflexive verb
llamarse (to call oneself), and say me llamo, literally "I call myself." For he / she and you
(formal) the pronoun is se, so you say, Él se llama, etc.
5
you call yourself
6
Did you notice that se from the end of the verb llamarse moved to the front when we said
usted se llama?
7
In many countries in Latin America people are very friendly towards foreigners. Don't be surprised
if they approach you to say hi and ask questions about where you are from and what you're doing
in their country.
8
you call yourself
9
What is your name?
10
she calls herself
11
What is her name?
12
Notice how se llama can be used to refer to he, she or the formal you. This is similar to the use
of está and many other verbs.
13
he calls himself
14
For this next slide, remember that in Spanish, when the person you are referring to can be
understood from the context of the conversation, it is not necessary to use the pronoun.
15
What is his name?
llamarse
(yahMAHRseh)
usted se llama
(oosTEHDTH seh YAHmah)
te llamas
(teh YAHmahs)
¿Cómo te llamas?
(KOHmoh teh YAHmahs)
ella se llama
(EHyah seh YAHmah)
¿Cómo se llama ella?
(KOHmoh seh YAHmah EHyah)
él se llama
(ehl seh YAHmah)
¿Cómo se llama?
(KOHmoh seh YAHmah)
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20
My name is Tom. Me llamo Tom.
English
1
Spanish
My name is Tom.
Me llamo Tom.
(I call myself Tom.)
(meh YAHmoh tom)
me llamo
2
I call myself
3
Her name is Maria.
4
María is one of the most common names in Spanish. It is a Catholic name that makes reference
to the Virgin Mary. The use of biblical names is very common in Spanish speaking countries. For
example, a common male name is Jesús which means Jesus.
5
His name is Carlos.
6
they call themselves
7
Did you say *ellos se llama? This is almost correct. However, similar to how verbs change their
ending to agree with the subject of the sentence, they must also agree with the subject in
number, that is, singular or plural. This is why se llama changed to se llaman to create the
plural form of llamarse.
8
Their names are Carlos and María.
9
Other popular male names in Spanish are: Pedro, Juan and José which also have biblical origins.
For females, Guadalupe, Claudia and Laura are among the most common names.
10
I'm John.
11
I'm not Maria. My name is Juana.
12
Hi, my name is Tom and I'm from the United
States.
(meh YAHmoh)
Ella se llama María.
(eyah seh yahmah mahREEah.)
Él se llama Carlos.
(ehl seh YAHmah KAHRlohs)
ellos se llaman
(EHyohs seh YAHmahn)
Se llaman Carlos y María.
(seh YAHmahn KAHRlohs ee mahREEah)
Soy John.
(soy )
No soy María. Me llamo Juana.
(noh soy mahREEah meh YAHmoh
HWAHnah )
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21
Hola, me llamo Tom y soy de los
Estados Unidos.
(OHlah meh YAHmoh tom ee soy deh lohs
ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)
This is my husband. Él es mi esposo.
English
1
Spanish
This is my husband.
Él es mi esposo.
(He is my husband.)
(ehl ehs mee ehsPOHsoh)
2
For this next slide remember that "he is / she is / it is" and "you are (formal)" all use the same
form of the verb.
3
Remember that ser is used for permanent states such as Soy María (I'm Maria), which is
something that would not normally change, or Soy de México (I'm from Mexico).
4
my
5
husband
6
my husband
7
In Spanish, it is not common to say "This is ...," and then the name, to introduce a person. Instead
we say "He is ..." or "She is...," and then the person's name or relationship to the person
introducing them.
8
My husband speaks Italian.
9
wife
10
my wife
11
brother
12
my brother
13
He is my brother.
14
He's not my brother. He's my husband.
15
sister
16
my sister
17
She is my sister.
mi
(mee)
esposo
(ehsPOHsoh)
mi esposo
(mee ehsPOHsoh)
Mi esposo habla italiano.
(mee ehsPOHsoh AHbla eetahLYAHnoh)
esposa
(ehsPOHsah)
mi esposa
(mee ehsPOHsah)
hermano
(ehrMAHnoh)
mi hermano
(mee ehrMAHnoh)
Él es mi hermano.
(ehl ehs mee ehrMAHnoh)
Él no es mi hermano. Es mi esposo.
(ehl noh ehs mee ehrMAHnoh ehs mee
ehsPOHsoh)
hermana
(ehrMAHnah)
mi hermana
(mee ehrMAHnah)
Ella es mi hermana.
(EHyah ehs mee ehrMAHnah)
Continued on next page
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22
English
Spanish
Mi hermana habla un poco de inglés.
18
My sister speaks a little bit of English.
(mee ehrMAHnah AHblah oon POHkoh deh
eenGLEHS)
Ella es mi hermana y se llama
Guadalupe.
19
This is my sister and her name is Guadalupe.
20
friends
21
my friends
22
Did you say *mi amigos? If you did, no biggie. Just remember that mi (my) has to agree in
number with the noun amigos (friends). So, the correct answer is the plural form mis amigos.
23
They are my friends.
24
Introducing people is very important for Spanish speakers in Latin America. You should always
remember to introduce everyone to each other. It is considered bad manners if you don't.
(EHyah ehs mee ehrMAHnah ee seh
YAHmah gwahdthahLOOpeh)
amigos
(ahMEEgohs)
mis amigos
(mees ahMEEgohs)
Ellos son mis amigos.
(EHyohs sohn mees ahMEEgohs)
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23
It is nice to meet you. Es un gusto conocerlo.
English
1
Spanish
It is nice to meet you.
Es un gusto conocerlo.
(It is a pleasure to meet you.)
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRloh)
conocer
2
to meet; to know
3
Conocer can be both to meet or to know. But don't worry, you will know which meaning is being
used by the context of the conversation.
4
to meet you
5
a pleasure
6
You may also hear people say Es un placer conocerlo. Placer literally means "pleasure." So,
you can use either Es un gusto conocerlo or Es un placer conocerlo. Both phrases have
the same meaning.
7
Pleasure to meet you.
8
to meet you
9
It is nice to meet you.
10
to meet you
11
It is nice to meet you.
12
It´s nice to meet you. See you later!
(kohnohSEHR)
conocerlo
(kohnohSEHRloh)
un gusto
(oon GOOStoh)
Gusto conocerlo.
(GOOStoh kohnohSEHRloh)
conocerla
(kohnohSEHRlah)
Es un gusto conocerla.
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRlah)
conocerte
(kohnohSEHRteh)
Es un gusto conocerte.
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRteh)
Es un gusto conocerlo. ¡Hasta luego!
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRteh
AHStah LWEHgoh)
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24
Chapter 4: Getting Around
Explorando el Lugar
Chapter 4: Getting Around
Conversational Goals
Grammar Goals
Ask for Directions
Get Help Finding Places Using a Map
Identify Important Places and Facilities
Around Town
Understand Directions as They Are Given to
You
Learn New Uses of the Verb "To Be"
Learn to Recognize Noun Gender
Practice Gender Agreement with Adjectives
Recognize Gender Agreement of Articles
Recognize Number Agreement with the Verb
Estar
Conversation
English
Spanish
Disculpe, estoy perdido.
Excuse me. I'm lost.
(deesKOOLpeh ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthoh)
¿Dónde está el baño?
Where is the bathroom?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl BAHnyoh)
El baño está un poco lejos.
The bathroom is a little far away.
(ehl BAHnyoh ehsTAH oon POHkoh LEHhohs)
Vaya derecho y luego a la izquierda.
Go straight and then to the left.
(BAHyah dehREHchoh ee LWEHgoh ah lah
eesKYEHRdthah)
¡Muchas gracias!
Thank you very much!
(MOOchahs GRAHsyahs)
De nada.
You're welcome.
(deh NAHdthah)
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25
I'm lost. Estoy perdido.
English
Spanish
Estoy perdido.
1
I'm lost.
2
lost
3
Good afternoon. Are you lost?
4
bored
5
I'm bored.
6
I'm a little bit bored. And you?
7
ready
8
I'm ready.
9
Did you remember that most adjectives have a masculine and feminine form? Usually adjectives
that describe a male will end with an "-o" like perdido (lost) and listo (ready), whereas adjectives
that describe a female will end with an "-a" such as perdida and lista.
10
Good morning. Are you ready?
11
Yes, I'm ready.
12
okay
13
Hi, are you okay?
14
very
15
I'm very tired.
16
Although many times the use of personal pronouns in Spanish is optional, they are used when we
want to add emphasis. In this next slide, add emphasis to who is tired and who is bored.
17
You are tired and I'm bored.
(ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthoh)
perdido
(pehrDTHEEdthoh)
Buenas tardes. ¿Usted está perdida?
(BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs oosTEHDTH
ehsTAH pehrDTHEEdthah)
aburrido
(ahbooRREEdthoh)
Estoy aburrida.
(ehsTOY ahbooRREEdthah)
Estoy un poco aburrido, ¿y tú?
(ehsTOY oon POHkoh ahbooRREEdthoh ee
too)
listo
(LEEStoh)
Estoy lista.
(ehsTOY LEEStah)
Buenos días. ¿Estás lista?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ehsTAHS LEEStah)
Sí, estoy lista.
(see ehsTOY LEEStah)
bien
(byehn)
Hola, ¿estás bien?
(OHlah ehsTAHS byehn)
muy
(mwee)
Estoy muy cansada.
(ehsTOY mwee kahnSAHdthah)
Tú estás cansada y yo estoy aburrido.
(too ehsTAHS kahnSAHdthah ee yoh
ehsTOY ahbooRREEdthoh)
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26
Where is the bathroom? ¿Dónde está el baño?
English
Spanish
¿Dónde está el baño?
1
Where is the bathroom?
2
In many Spanish speaking countries you will likely see signs that read, "W.C." This stands for "wash
closet." Also, in most Latin American countries, bathrooms have a drawing attached to the doors
that clearly identifies the men's and women's rooms. For example, a pipe might identify the
men's room, and a hand-held fan, the ladies' room. However, sometimes they only use a sign
that says caballeros (gentlemen) and damas (ladies).
3
Where is...
4
bathroom
5
the bathroom
6
Sometimes there may be a small fee to enter public restrooms. It is also a good idea to carry
your own toilet tissue as bathroom attendants will only give you a certain amount. Both in public
restrooms and in people's homes, flushing toilet paper causes problems in the sewer system.
Throw the paper into the small trash can provided.
7
hotel
8
Where is the hotel?
9
I'm lost. Where is the hotel?
10
restaurant
(DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl BAHnyoh)
¿Dónde está...?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAH )
baño
(BAHnyoh)
el baño
(ehl BAHnyoh)
hotel
(ohTEHL)
¿Dónde está el hotel?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl hohTEHL)
Estoy perdida. ¿Dónde está el hotel?
(ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthah DOHNdeh
ehsTAH ehl hohTEHL)
restaurante
(rrehstahwRAHNteh)
Disculpe, ¿dónde está el restaurante?
11
Excuse me, where is the restaurant?
12
the bus stop
13
Bus stop (la parada de autobús) can literally be translated, "the stop of bus." In Spanish,
when a noun works as a modifier, for example "bus" in "bus stop," these two words are usually
joined with the preposition de (of).
(deesKOOLpeh DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl
rrehstahwRAHNteh)
la parada de autobús
(lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS)
Buenos días. ¿Dónde está la parada de
autobús?
14
Good morning. Where is the bus stop?
15
Public Transportation is a good way to move around in most Latin American cities. There are city
buses (autobuses), subways (metro), vans (camionetas), and taxis. Many of these modes of
transportation are cheap. However, walking is the cheapest and most popular way to explore a
new city.
(BWEHnohs DEEahs DOHNdeh ehsTAH lah
pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS)
Continued on next page
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27
English
Spanish
16
The different forms of public transportation are called by different names depending on which
Latin American country you are in. In Mexico you may hear camión, colectivo, or urbano for
buses. Public vans in Mexico are called peseras, micros , or combis. La guagua is a famous
name for the bus in Cuba, while lanchones is used in Peru.
17
keys
18
Where are the keys?
19
You might have said, "¿Dónde está las llaves?" Almost, but remember that llaves (keys) is
plural, so we must make the verb plural. The correct answer is ¿Dónde están las llaves?
20
tickets
21
Where are the tickets?
22
map
23
the map
24
You might have said la mapa. However, mapa is one of the exceptions to the general rule that
masculine nouns end with "-o." Mapa is actually a masculine noun. So, "the map" is el mapa.
25
on
26
on the map
27
Where is the restaurant on the map?
llaves
(YAHbehs)
¿Dónde están las llaves?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAHN lahs YAHbehs)
boletos
(bohLEHtohs)
¿Dónde están los boletos?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAHN lohs bohLEHtohs)
mapa
(MAHpah)
el mapa
(ehl MAHpah)
en
(ehn)
en el mapa
(ehn ehl MAHpah)
¿Dónde está el restaurante en el mapa?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl rrehstahwRAHNteh
ehn ehl MAHpah)
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28
It is a little bit far. Está un poco lejos.
English
Spanish
Está un poco lejos.
1
It is a little bit far.
2
far
3
Recall that in Spanish, many times pronouns like, you/ he/ she/ and it, are not used since the
subject of the sentence is reflected on the verb. Therefore, when we say "it is," we only use the
proper form of the verb ser or estar.
4
It is far.
5
close
6
It is close.
7
The hotel is very close.
8
The bus stop is very far.
9
Exploring a new city is sometimes exciting and scary at the same time. Don't be afraid to ask the
locals for help. You will find that people are usually friendly when you ask for directions. Also,
remember that most cities in Latin America are walkable, and you'll see that places are not very
far away.
10
here
11
It's here.
12
It's far from here.
(ehsTAH oon POHkoh LEHhohs)
lejos
(LEHhohs)
Está lejos.
(ehsTAH LEHhohs)
cerca
(SEHRkah)
Está cerca.
(ehsTAH SEHRkah)
El hotel está muy cerca.
(ehl hohTEHL ehsTAH mwee SEHRkah)
La parada de autobús está muy lejos.
(lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS
ehsTAH mwee LEHhohs)
aquí
(ahKEE)
Está aquí.
(ehsTAH ahKEE)
Está lejos de aquí.
(ehsTAH LEHhohs deh ahKEE)
La parada de autobús está un poco
lejos de aquí.
13
The bus stop is a little bit far from here.
14
kilometer
15
Countries in Latin America do not use miles to measure distance. Distance is measured in
kilometers (kilómetros). One mile is about 1.6 kilometers.
16
six (6)
(lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS
ehsTAH oon POHkoh LEHhohs deh ahKEE )
kilómetro
(keeLOHmehtroh)
seis (6)
(seys)
Continued on next page
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29
English
Spanish
Está a seis kilómetros de aquí.
17
It's six kilometers from here.
18
Did you notice the little word a? It doesn't have a real meaning here. Just remember that it's
necessary to always use a between the verb estar and the distance.
19
Six kilometers is far!
(ehsTAH ah seys keeLOHmehtrohs deh
ahKEE)
¡Seis kilómetros es lejos!
(seys keeLOHmehtrohs ehs LEHhohs)
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30
Go straight and then to the left.
Vaya derecho y luego a la izquierda.
English
1
Spanish
Vaya derecho y luego a la izquierda.
Go straight and then to the left.
(BAHyah dehREHchoh ee LWEHgoh ah lah
eesKYEHRdthah)
(Go straight and later to the left.)
ir
2
to go
3
Pay attention to this little verb ir. It does not follow the regular verb pattern that we have seen so
far.
4
Go. [imperative]
5
straight
6
Go straight.
7
to
8
left
9
to the left
10
(eer)
Vaya.
(BAHyah)
derecho
(dehREHchoh)
Vaya derecho.
(BAHyah dehREHchoh)
a
(ah)
izquierda
(eesKYEHRdthah)
a la izquierda
(ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
Luego vaya a la izquierda.
Then, go to the left.
(LWEHgoh BAHyah ah lah
eesKYEHRdthah)
(Later, go to the left.)
derecha
11
right
12
towards
13
In order to say "to" or "towards" you can use a or hacia. Both prepositions are equivalent in this
context.
14
Go to the right.
(dehREHchah)
hacia
(AHsyah)
Vaya hacia la derecha.
(BAHyah AHsyah lah dehREHchah)
Vaya hacia la derecha y luego hacia la
izquierda.
Go to the right and then to the left.
15
(Go towards the right and later towards the
left.)
16
more
17
slow
18
(BAHyah AHsyah lah dehREHchah ee
LWEHgoh AHsyah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
más
(mahs)
despacio
(dehsPAHseeoh)
slower
más despacio
(more slow)
(mahs dehsPAHseeoh)
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31
Continued on next page
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32
English
Spanish
por favor
19
please
20
Slower, please.
21
There are many beautiful places to visit in Latin America. There are famous archeological sites
such as Palenque, and Chichén Itzá in Mexico; Peten in Guatemala; or Machu Picchu in
Peru. There are also many beautiful mountains, parks, and beaches like Cancún in Mexico; El
Salto de Ángel in Venezuela; La Catedral de Sal in Bogota; or Las Torres del Paine in
Chile.
(pohr fahBOHR)
Más despacio por favor.
(mahs dehsPAHsyoh pohr fahBOHR)
22
I speak a little bit of Spanish. Slower, please.
23
Thank you very much!
Hablo un poco de español. Más
despacio, por favor.
(AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL
mahs dehsPAHsyoh pohr fahBOHR )
¡Muchas gracias!
(MOOchahs GRAHsyahs)
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33
How can I find the embassy?
¿Cómo puedo encontrar la embajada?
English
Spanish
¿Cómo puedo encontrar la embajada?
1
How can I find the embassy?
2
to be able
3
(I) can
4
to find
5
I can find
6
How can I find...?
7
embassy
8
to turn
9
Turn. [imperative]
10
Turn left.
11
Turn right and then go straight.
12
Turn. [imperative]
13
street
14
San Martín street
15
Turn left on San Martín street.
16
corner
17
It's on the corner.
(KOHmoh PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR lah
ehmbahHAHdthah )
poder
(pohDTHEHR)
puedo
(PWEHdthoh)
encontrar
(ehnkohnTRAHR)
puedo encontrar
(PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR)
¿Cómo puedo encontrar...?
(KOHmoh PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR)
embajada
(ehmbahHAHdthah)
doblar
(dohBLAHR)
Doble.
(DOHbleh)
Doble a la izquierda.
(DOHbleh ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
Doble a la derecha y luego vaya
derecho.
(DOHbleh ah lah dehREHchah ee
LWEHgoh BAHyah dehREHchoh)
Dobla.
(DOHblah)
calle
(KAHyeh)
calle San Martín
(KAHyeh sahn mahrTEEN)
Doble a la izquierda en la calle San
Martín.
(DOHbleh ah lah eesKYEHRdthah ehn lah
KAHyeh sahn mahrTEEN)
esquina
(ehsKEEnah)
Está en la esquina.
(ehsTAH ehn lah ehsKEEnah)
Continued on next page
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34
English
18
Spanish
la oficina de turismo
the office of tourism
(lah ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh)
Disculpe, soy estadounidense. ¿Cómo
puedo encontrar la oficina de turismo?
19
20
Excuse me. I'm American. How can I find the
office of tourism?
(deesKOOLpeh soy
ehstahdthohooneeDTHEHNseh KOHmoh
PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR lah
ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh)
La oficina de turismo está muy lejos.
Vaya derecho y luego doble a la
derecha en la esquina.
The office of tourism is very far. Go straight
and then turn right at the corner.
(lah ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh
ehsTAH mwee LEHhohs BAHyah
dehREHchoh ee LWEHgoh DOHbleh ah lah
dehREHchah ehn lah ehsKEEnah)
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35
Chapter 5: Shopping and Payment
Comprando y Pagando
Chapter 5: Shopping and Payment
Conversational Goals
Grammar Goals
Count up to 99
Deal with Currency
Negotiate Basic Transactions at Stores
Ask About Quantities Using Cuánto
Form the Genitive Case
Learn the Conditional Verb Conjugation
Use Demonstratives
Use the Quantifiers Mucho and Poco
Conversation
English
Spanish
Disculpe, ¿tiene mapas?
Excuse me. Do you have maps?
(deesKOOLpeh TYEHneh MAHpahs)
Yes, would you like to buy one?
Sí, ¿le gustaría comprar uno?
Sí, por favor. ¿Cuánto cuesta?
Yes please. How much does it cost?
(see pohr fahBOHR KWAHNtoh KWEHStah)
Cuesta ocho pesos con cincuenta
centavos.
It costs eight pesos and fifty cents.
(KWEHStah OHchoh PEHsohs kohn
seenKWEHNtah sehnTAHbohs)
Ok. Deme dos, por favor.
Ok. Give me two, please.
(ohKEY DEHmeh dohs pohr fahBOHR)
Diecisiete pesos, por favor.
Seventeen pesos, please.
(dyehseeSYEHteh PEHsohs pohr fahBOHR)
Aquí tiene.
Here you are.
(ahKEE TYEHneh)
Muchas gracias.
Thank you very much.
(MOOchahs GRAHsyahs )
De nada.
You're welcome.
(deh NAHdthah)
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36
Do you have maps? ¿Tiene mapas?
English
Spanish
¿Tiene mapas?
1
Do you have maps?
2
(you) have
3
maps
4
I have
5
one (1)
6
I have one map.
7
Did you say *uno mapa? That's almost correct. However, recall the phrase buen día (good
day) and how bueno dropped the -o when it preceded the masculine noun día. For this same
reason uno drops the -o when followed by a masculine noun and we say, un mapa.
8
one key
9
Did you say una llave? Well done! This shows that the feminine form of the number uno is una.
10
two (2)
11
Do you have two maps?
12
(TYEHneh MAHpahs)
tiene
(TYEHneh)
mapas
(MAHpahs)
tengo
(TEHNgoh)
uno (1)
(OOnoh)
Tengo un mapa.
(TEHNgoh oon MAHpah)
una llave
(OOnah YAHbeh)
dos (2)
(dohs)
¿Tiene dos mapas?
(TYEHneh dohs MAHpahs)
Here you are.
Aquí tiene.
(Here you have.)
(ahKEE TYEHneh)
tres (3)
13
three (3)
14
postcard
15
I have three postcards.
16
When forming the plural of postal you may have said *postals. That's close. However, in
Spanish, to make the plural of a noun that ends with a consonant, you have to add -es to the end
of the noun. That's why the plural of postal is postales.
17
Do you have more maps?
(trehs)
postal
(pohsTAHL)
Tengo tres postales.
(TEHNgoh trehs pohsTAHlehs)
¿Tiene más mapas?
(TYEHneh mahs MAHpahs)
Continued on next page
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37
English
Spanish
18
In English, we use "a little bit" when referring to uncountable nouns like milk, money, and water,
and "a few" when referring to countable things like maps and postcards. However, in Spanish the
same word is used for both. The only trick is to make poco plural for the countable nouns. For
example, Tengo poco dinero (I have a little bit of money), but Tengo pocos mapas (I have
few maps). Generally if in English we would use "few," then in Spanish you will use pocos or
pocas.
19
a few maps
20
a few postcards
pocos mapas
(POHkohs MAHpahs)
pocas postales
(POHkahs)
Tengo pocas postales y pocos mapas.
21
I have a few postcards and a few maps.
22
to want
23
(I) want
24
I want more postcards of Mexico.
25
four (4)
26
I have four more postcards.
27
something
(TEHNgoh POHkahs pohsTAHlehs ee
POHkohs MAHpahs)
querer
(kehREHR)
quiero
(KYEHroh)
Quiero más postales de México.
28
29
30
31
(KYEHroh mahs pohsTAHlehs deh
MEHheekoh)
cuatro (4)
(KWAHtroh)
Tengo cuatro postales más.
(TEHNgoh KWAHtroh pohsTAHlehs mahs)
algo
(AHLgoh)
anything else
algo más
(something more)
(AHLgoh mahs)
quiere
(you) want
(KYEHreh)
Do you want anything else?
¿Quiere algo más?
(Do you want something more?)
(KYEHreh AHLgoh mahs)
No, gracias.
No, thank you.
(noh GRAHsyahs)
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38
How much does it cost? ¿Cuánto cuesta?
English
Spanish
¿Cuánto cuesta?
1
How much does it cost?
2
how much
3
to cost
4
(it) costs
5
How much is it?
6
How much do three tickets cost?
7
Did you answer *¿Cuánto cuesta tres boletos? You were almost correct, but remember that
verbs in Spanish have to agree with the number of the noun, that is, singular or plural. Cuesta
literally means "it costs." Cuestan is the plural form (they cost). Therefore the correct answer is
¿Cuánto cuestan tres boletos?
8
this
9
book
10
How much does this book cost?
11
When buying products from a salesperson on the streets of Mexico and other Latin American
countries, it is common to negotiate the price. You can get a good discount if you make the seller
believe that you are very interested in their product, but that you think it is too expensive. In
Spanish, this is called regatear (to bargain).
12
these
13
How much do these cost?
14
money
15
How much money do you have?
16
a lot
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStah )
cuánto
(KWAHNtoh)
costar
(kohsTAHR)
cuesta
(KWEHStah)
¿Cuánto es?
(KWAHNtoh ehs)
¿Cuánto cuestan tres boletos?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn trehs
bohLEHtohs)
este
(EHSteh)
libro
(LEEbroh)
¿Cuánto cuesta este libro?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStah EHSteh LEEbroh)
estos
(EHStohs)
¿Cuánto cuestan estos?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn EHstohs)
dinero
(deeNEHroh)
¿Cuánto dinero tiene?
(KWAHNtoh deeNEHroh TYEHneh)
mucho
(MOOchoh)
Continued on next page
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39
English
17
I don't have a lot of money.
18
how many
19
how many [feminine]
20
How many postcards do you want?
Spanish
No tengo mucho dinero.
(noh TEHNgoh MOOchoh deeNEHroh)
cuántos
(KWAHNtohs )
cuántas
(KWAHNtahs )
¿Cuántas postales quiere?
(KWAHNtahs pohsTAHlehs KYEHreh )
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40
It costs five pesos and fifty cents.
Cuesta cinco pesos con cincuenta centavos.
English
1
Spanish
Cuesta cinco pesos con cincuenta
centavos.
It costs five pesos and fifty cents.
(It costs five pesos with fifty cents.)
(KWEHStah SEENkoh PEHsohs kohn
seenKWEHNtah sehnTAHbohs)
cinco (5)
2
five (5)
3
pesos
4
five pesos
5
Did you know that although pesos are used in many Latin American countries, it is not the only
currency of Latin America? Costa Rica, for example, uses colones (named after Christopher
Columbus); Perú uses soles; Guatemala uses quetzales; Honduras uses lempiras; Bolivia
uses bolivianos, and there are even more.
6
fifty (50)
7
cents
8
fifty cents
9
with
10
(SEENkoh)
pesos
(PEHsohs)
cinco pesos
(SEENkoh PEHsohs)
cincuenta (50)
(seenKWEHNtah)
centavos
(sehnTAHbohs)
cincuenta centavos
(seenKWEHNtah sehnTAHbohs)
con
(cohn )
cinco pesos con cincuenta centavos
five pesos and fifty cents
(SEENkoh PEHsohs kohn seenKWEHNtah
sehnTAHbohs)
(five pesos with fifty cents)
11
In many areas of Latin America bartering (trueque) is still a common practice.
12
seven (7)
13
eight (8)
14
nine (9)
15
It costs nine pesos.
16
ten (10)
17
eleven (11)
siete (7)
(SYEHteh)
ocho (8)
(OHchoh)
nueve (9)
(NWEHbeh)
Cuesta nueve pesos.
(KWEHStah NWEHbeh PEHsohs)
diez (10)
(dyehs)
once (11)
(OHNseh)
Continued on next page
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41
English
18
twelve (12)
19
ten pesos and twelve cents
20
thirteen (13)
21
eleven pesos and thirteen cents
22
fourteen (14)
23
fifteen (15)
Spanish
doce (12)
(DOHseh)
diez pesos con doce centavos
(dyehs PEHsohs kohn DOHseh
sehnTAHbohs)
trece (13)
(TREHseh)
once pesos con trece centavos
(OHNseh PEHsohs kohn TREHseh
sehnTAHbohs)
catorce (14)
(kahTOHRseh)
quince (15)
(KEENseh)
Este cuesta catorce pesos con quince
centavos.
24
This costs fourteen pesos and fifteen cents.
25
The Spanish numbers for 16 to 29 are easy! They are actually contractions. For example, 16 is
diez (ten) and seis (six), dieciséis. And, 21 is veinte (20) and uno (one), veintiuno.
Remember this rule when saying the following numbers!
26
seventeen (17)
27
nineteen (19)
28
twenty (20)
29
twenty-four (24)
30
thirty (30)
31
Numbers treinta y uno (thirty-one) through noventa y nueve (ninety-nine) are really easy!
These numbers are formed by combining the tens and the single digits with y (and). Remember
this rule for the next set of numbers!
32
(EHSteh KWEHStah kahTOHRseh PEHsohs
kohn KEENseh sehnTAHbohs)
diecisiete (17)
(dyehseeSYEHteh)
diecinueve (19)
(dyehseeNWEHbeh)
veinte (20)
(BEYNteh)
veinticuatro (24)
(beynteeKWAHtroh)
treinta (30)
(TREYNtah)
thirty-two (32)
treinta y dos (32)
(thirty and two (32))
(TREYNtah ee dohs)
33
forty (40)
34
forty-five (45)
35
sixty (60)
cuarenta (40)
(kwahREHNtah)
cuarenta y cinco (45)
(kwahREHNtah ee SEENkoh)
sesenta (60)
(sehSEHNtah)
Continued on next page
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42
English
36
sixty-seven (67)
37
seventy (70)
38
seventy-six (76)
39
eighty (80)
40
eighty-one (81)
41
ninety (90)
42
ninety-three (93)
Spanish
sesenta y siete (67)
(sehSEHNtah ee SYEHteh)
setenta (70)
(sehTEHNtah)
setenta y seis (76)
(sehTEHNtah ee seys)
ochenta (80)
(ohCHEHNtah)
ochenta y uno (81)
(ohCHEHNtah ee OOnoh)
noventa (90)
(nohBEHNtah)
noventa y tres (93)
(nohBEHNtah ee trehs)
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43
Would you like to buy one?
¿Le gustaría comprar uno?
English
Spanish
¿Le gustaría comprar uno?
1
Would you like to buy one?
2
to like
3
In Spanish, many times you don't need to use pronouns because the verb ending tells whom you
are talking about. Well, gustar (to like) is a special verb in Spanish, it always needs an
accompanying pronoun. For example, me gusta (I like), le gusta (he/ she likes; you [formal]
like), and so on.
4
you like
5
you would like
6
Would you like...?
7
to buy
8
Would you like to buy...?
9
shoes
10
Would you like to see these shoes?
11
I would like
12
those
(leh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR OOnoh)
gustar
(goosTAHR)
le gusta
(leh gOOstah)
le gustaría
(leh goostahrEEah)
¿Le gustaría...?
(leh goostahrEEah)
comprar
(kohmPRAHR)
¿Le gustaría comprar...?
(leh goostahrEEah cOHmprahr)
zapatos
(sahpAHtohs)
¿Le gustaría ver estos zapatos?
(leh goostahrEEah vehr EHstohs
sahpAHtohs)
me gustaría
(meh goostahrEEah )
esos
(EHsohs)
13
No. I would like to see those shoes, please.
14
you would like
15
tee shirt
16
Would you like to buy this tee shirt?
No. Me gustaría ver esos zapatos, por
favor.
(noh meh goostahREEah behr EHsohs
sahPAHtohs pohr fahBOHR)
te gustaría
(teh goostahREEah)
camiseta
(kahmeeSEHtah)
¿Te gustaría comprar esta camiseta?
(teh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHStah
kahmeeSEHtah)
Continued on next page
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44
English
Spanish
ese
17
that
18
that tee shirt
19
You might have said *ese camiseta. Like adjectives and other describing words in Spanish,
"this," "that," "these," and "those" also need to agree with the gender of the noun they describe.
So the correct answer is esa camiseta.
(EHseh)
esa camiseta
(EHsah kahmeeSEHtah)
No me gustaría comprar esa camiseta.
20
I wouldn't like to buy that tee shirt.
21
Stores in Mexico usually open around 10:00 a.m. and close late in the evening, around 8:00 p.m.
Some of them may have a small break between 2:00 and 4:00p.m. for lunch.
22
store
23
clothes
24
(noh meh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR
EHsah kahmeeSEHtah)
tienda
(TYEHNdah)
ropa
(RROHpah)
clothing store
tienda de ropa
(store of clothes)
(TYEHNdah deh RROHpah)
tienda de zapatos
25
shoe store
26
Would you like to go to the shoe store?
27
I would like to buy those shoes. How much do
they cost?
(TYEHNdah deh sahPAHtohs)
¿Te gustaría ir a la tienda de zapatos?
(teh goostahREEah eer ah lah TYEHNdah
deh sahPAHtohs)
Me gustaría comprar esos zapatos.
¿Cuánto cuestan?
(meh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHsohs
sahPAHtohs KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn)
¿Te gustaría comprar ropa de esa
tienda?
28
Would you like to buy clothes from that store?
29
Even though many countries like Mexico have big department stores, there are still lots of small
stores and markets where you can buy all kinds of groceries. Be sure to ask the locals about their
markets.
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45
(teh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR RROHpah
deh EHsah TYEHNdah)
Give me two, please. Deme dos, por favor.
English
1
Give me two, please.
2
to give
3
give me [imperative]
4
Give me three maps, please.
5
(you) give me
6
Spanish
Deme dos, por favor.
(DEHmeh dohs pohr fahBOHR)
dar
(dahr)
deme
(DEHmeh)
Deme tres mapas, por favor.
(DEHmeh trehs MAHpahs pohr fahBOHR)
me da
(meh dah)
Could you give me a book, please?
¿Me da un libro, por favor?
(You give me a book, please?)
(meh dah oon LEEbroh pohr fahBOHR)
me das
7
(you) give me
8
Could you give me those shoes?
9
In Mexico, there are special markets known as tianguis. The word comes from the indigenous
language Nahuatl , and means "they are only in town for one day." The concept is similar to a
free market and you can basically find all kinds of tianguis. There are different ones for food,
groceries, clothes, furniture, books, pets, and even cars. You will be surprised by the things you
can find there!
10
(you) give us
(meh dahs)
¿Me das esos zapatos?
(meh dahs EHsohs sahPAHtohs)
nos da
(nohs dah)
¿Nos da un mapa de México, por favor?
11
Could you give us a map of Mexico, please?
(nohs dah oon MAHpah deh MEHheekoh
pohr fahBOHR)
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46
Chapter 6: Drinks and Dining
Comidas y Bebidas
Chapter 6: Drinks and Dining
Conversational Goals
Grammar Goals
Gain Insight into the Latin American Food
Culture
Order Drinks and Meals
Understand Common Phrases Used at
Restaurants
Convey Future Tense Using Ir a
Learn the Prepositions Con, Sin, and Para
Recognize the Position of Adjectives in a
Sentence
Use the Conditional Verb Form Podría
Use the Impersonal Form of the Verb Haber
Conversation
English
Spanish
Buenas tardes.
Good evening.
(BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs)
¿Qué va a tomar?
What are you going to drink?
(keh bah ah tohMAHR)
Vino francés, por favor.
French wine, please.
(BEEnoh frahnSEHS pohr fahBOHR )
No hay vino francés. ¿Quiere vino italiano?
There is no French wine. Do you want Italian wine?
(noh ay BEEnoh frahnSEHS KYEHreh BEEnoh
eetahLYAHnoh)
Sí, gracias.
Yes, thank you.
(see GRAHsyahs)
¿Está listo para ordenar?
Are you ready to order?
(ehSTAH LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
Sí. ¿Podría traerme la paella, por favor?
Yes. Could you bring me the paella, please?
(see pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh lah
pahEHyah pohr fahBOHR)
Claro.
Sure.
(KLAHroh)
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47
Are you ready to order? ¿Está listo para ordenar?
English
1
Are you ready to order?
¿Está listo para ordenar?
(Are you ready for order?)
(ehSTAH LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
2
You are ready.
3
for
4
to order
5
6
Spanish
Está listo.
(ehsTAH LEEStoh)
para
(PAHrah)
ordenar
(ohrdthehNAHR)
to order
para ordenar
(for order)
(PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
ready to order
listo para ordenar
(ready for order)
(LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
María, ¿estás lista para ordenar?
7
María, are you ready to order?
8
Did you remember to change listo to lista because Maria is a female?
9
(you) are
10
Are you ready to order?
11
to wait
12
wait
13
Wait! I'm not ready to order.
(mahREEah ehsTAH LEEStah PAHrah
ohrdthehNAHR)
están
(ehsTAHN)
¿Están listos para ordenar?
(ehsTAHN LEEStohs PAHrah
ohrdthehNAHR)
esperar
(ehspehRAHR)
espere
(ehsPEHreh)
¡Espere! No estoy listo para ordenar.
(ehsPEHreh noh ehsTOY LEEStoh PAHrah
ohrdthehNAHR)
14
I want to wait. My friends are not ready to
order.
15
now
16
(we) are
17
Now we are ready to order!
Quiero esperar. Mis amigos no están
listos para ordenar.
(KYEHroh ehspehRAR mees ahMEEgohs
noh ehsTAHN LEEStohs PAHrah
ohrdthehNAHR)
ahora
(ahOHrah)
estamos
(ehsTAHmohs)
¡Ahora estamos listos para ordenar!
(ahOHrah ehsTAHmohs LEEStohs PAHrah
ohrdthehNAHR)
Continued on next page
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48
English
Spanish
18
Did you remember to change listo to listos to indicate that it's plural?
19
You will find that the menus in many Latin American countries are generally divided into
entradas (starters), plato principal (main course), bebidas (drinks) and postres (desserts).
If you choose to eat out you may find it interesting to try the plato del día literally, "plate of the
day" and, if you like to enjoy your meal surrounded by nature, you can go to restaurants that
have comidas para llevar (take-out food).
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49
Could you bring me the paella?
¿Podría traerme la paella?
English
Spanish
¿Podría traerme la paella?
1
Could you bring me the paella?
2
(you) could
3
to bring
4
Could you bring...?
5
to bring me
6
Could you bring me...?
7
Paella is a very popular dish in Spain and southern Latin American countries like Argentina. Its
main ingredients are rice, vegetables and sea-food (such as lobster and shrimp). Some paellas
are also cooked with meat or chicken but all of them have saffron, the ingredient that gives the
paella its characteristic color.
8
bottle
9
water
10
bottle of water
11
Could you bring me a bottle of water?
12
wine
13
bottle of wine
14
French
15
to bring us
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh lah
pahEHyah)
podría
(pohDTHREEah)
traer
(trahEHR)
¿Podría traer...?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHR)
traerme
(trahEHRmeh)
¿Podría traerme...?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh)
botella
(bohTEHyah)
agua
(AHwah)
botella de agua
(bohTEHyah deh AHwah)
¿Podría traerme una botella de agua?
16
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh OOnah
bohTEHyah deh AHwah)
vino
(BEEnoh)
botella de vino
(bohTEHyah deh BEEnoh)
francés
(frahnSEHS)
traernos
(trahEHRnohs)
¿Podría traernos una botella de vino
francés?
Could you bring us a bottle of French wine?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRnohs OOnah
bohTEHyah deh BEEnoh frahnSEHS)
Continued on next page
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50
English
Spanish
darme
17
to give me
18
glass
19
soda
20
Could you give me a glass of soda?
21
Could you bring me a little bit of Spanish
paella?
22
Did you notice that español changed to española? This is just another example of gender
agreement. Since paella is a feminine noun it's adjective must agree and also become
feminine.
23
sauce
24
tomato
(DAHRmeh)
vaso
(BAHsoh)
refresco
(rrehFREHSkoh)
¿Podría darme un vaso de refresco?
25
(pohDTHREEah DAHRmeh oon BAHsoh deh
rrehFREHSkoh)
¿Podría traerme un poco de paella
española?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon POHkoh
deh pahEHyah ehspahNYOHlah)
salsa
(SAHLsah)
tomate
(tohMAHteh)
tomato sauce
salsa de tomate
(sauce of tomato)
(SAHLsah deh tohMAHteh)
26
salt
27
doesn't have
sal
(sahl)
no tiene
(noh TYEHneh)
28
The sauce doesn't have salt. Could you bring
me a little, please?
29
sugar
30
coffee
31
coffee with sugar
32
Could you bring me a coffee with sugar?
33
mushrooms
La salsa no tiene sal. ¿Podría traerme
un poco, por favor?
(lah SAHLsah noh TYEHneh sahl
pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon POHkoh
pohr fahBOHR)
azúcar
(ahSOOkahr)
café
(kahFEH)
café con azúcar
(kahFEH kohn ahSOOkahr)
¿Podría traerme un café con azúcar?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon kahFEH
kohn ahSOOkahr )
hongos
(OHNgohs)
Continued on next page
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51
English
Spanish
sin
34
without
35
without mushroom sauce
36
chicken
37
Could you bring me the chicken without
mushroom sauce?
38
Each country in South America has a unique cuisine due to the different history, geography, and
culture that each of them possess. The result is a wide variety of traditions and flavors. So, if you
like chicken, meat, or pasta you will find plenty of choices that will satisfy you. Don't worry if you
are vegetarian! Many native foods are elaborated with vegetables and different herbs.
(seen)
sin salsa de hongos
(seen SAHLsah deh OHNgohs)
pollo
(POHyoh)
¿Podría traerme el pollo sin salsa de
hongos?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh ehl POHyoh
seen SAHLsah deh OHNgohs)
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52
What are you going to drink? ¿Qué va a tomar?
English
Spanish
¿Qué va a tomar?
1
What are you going to drink?
2
to drink
3
(you) are going to
4
are you going to drink
5
what
6
You may recall that que is the relative pronoun "that." However, qué with the accent over the "e"
is the question word, "what." So in Spanish, one little accent mark can change the meaning of a
word!
7
I am going to
8
I'm going to drink a soda.
9
What are you going to order?
10
I'm going to order the mushrooms with sauce.
11
you are going to
12
meat
13
Are you going to order the meat?
14
Wait. I'm not going to order now.
15
to eat
16
I am going to eat.
17
I'm not going to eat.
(keh bah ah tohMAHR)
tomar
(tohMAHR)
va a
(bah ah)
¿va a tomar?
(bah ah tohMAHR)
qué
(keh)
voy a
(boy ah)
Voy a tomar un refresco.
(boy ah tohMAHR oon rrehFREHSkoh)
¿Qué va a ordenar?
(keh bah ah ohrdthehNAHR)
Voy a ordenar los hongos con salsa.
(boy ah ohrdthehNAHR lohs OHNgohs
kohn SAHLsah)
vas a
(bahs ah)
carne
(KAHRneh)
¿Vas a ordenar la carne?
(bahs ah ohrdthehNAHR lah KAHRneh)
Espere. No voy a ordenar ahora.
(ehsPEHreh noh boy ah ohrdthehNAHR
ahOHrah)
comer
(kohMEHR)
Voy a comer.
(boy ah kohMEHR)
No voy a comer.
(noh boy ah kohMEHR)
Continued on next page
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53
English
Spanish
Estoy listo para ordenar. Voy a comer la
carne con hongos.
18
I'm ready to order. I'm going to eat the meat
with mushrooms.
19
dessert
20
Are you going to order dessert now?
21
we are going to
22
Are we going to go to the Italian restaurant?
23
Do you remember that in Spanish in order to say "to" we used the preposition a? You may have
noticed that in this case we said al, not a. That is because al is actually a union of a and el from
el restaurante.
24
We are going to eat the dessert now.
25
chocolate
(ehsTOY LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR
boy ah kohMEHR lah KAHRneh kohn
OHNgohs)
postre
(POHStreh)
¿Va a ordenar el postre ahora?
(bah ah ohrdthehNAHR ehl POHStreh
ahOHrah)
vamos a
(BAHmohs ah )
¿Vamos a ir al restaurante italiano?
(BAHmohs ah eer ahl rrehstahwRAHNteh
eetahLYAHnoh)
Vamos a comer el postre ahora.
26
(BAHmohs ah kohMEHR ehl POHStreh
ahOHrah)
chocolate
(chohkohLAHteh)
chocolate dessert
postre de chocolate
(dessert of chocolate)
(POHStreh deh chohkohLAHteh)
Voy a ordenar el postre de chocolate.
27
I'm going to order the chocolate dessert.
28
Did you know that the seeds of chocolate were discovered 2,000 years ago in America? The first
people known to have tasted the chocolate were the ancient cultures of Mexico and Central
America. The seeds of chocolate were then taken to Spain and used in a wide variety of recipes.
It was at that moment that its popularity was spread throughout Europe and it still remains as
one of the world's favorite flavors.
(boy ah ohrdthehNAHR ehl POHStreh deh
chohkohLAHteh )
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54
Waitress. Bring me the bill, please.
Mesera. Tráigame la cuenta, por favor.
English
Spanish
Mesera. Tráigame la cuenta, por favor.
1
Waitress. Bring me the bill, please.
2
bring me
3
bill
4
Bring me the bill.
5
waitress
6
waiter
7
menu
8
Waiter. Bring me the menu, please.
9
I want to see the menu, please.
10
Sure.
(mehSEHrah TRAYgahmeh lah KWEHNtah
pohr fahBOHR)
tráigame
(TRAYgahmeh)
cuenta
(KWEHNtah)
Tráigame la cuenta.
(TRAYgahmeh lah KWEHNtah)
mesera
(mehSEHrah )
mesero
(mehSEHroh)
menú
(mehNOO)
Mesero. Tráigame el menú, por favor.
(mehSEHroh TRAYgahmeh ehl mehNOO
pohr fahBOHR)
Quiero ver el menú, por favor.
11
(KYEHroh behr ehl mehNOO pohr
fahBOHR)
Claro.
(KLAHroh)
Sure. Here you are.
Claro. Aquí tiene.
(Sure. Here you have. )
(KLAHroh ahKEE TYEHneh)
¡Buen provecho!
12
Enjoy!
13
In Latin America it is very common to use the expression "buen provecho" which roughly
translates to, "enjoy your meal." But be careful! Common does not mean correct! Consequently,
try to avoid it if you are having a formal meal.
(bwehn prohBEHchoh)
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55
Is there a table for two? ¿Hay una mesa para dos?
English
Spanish
¿Hay una mesa para dos?
1
Is there a table for two?
2
there is / there are
3
table
4
Is there a table?
5
a table for two
6
Good morning. Is there a table for four,
please?
7
Is there a bathroom here?
8
people
9
a lot of people
10
There are a lot of people in this restaurant.
11
There isn't.
12
I'm sorry.
13
I'm sorry. There aren't any sodas.
14
You might hear people say Disculpe or Lo siento to mean "I'm sorry." These two phrases can
generally be used interchangeably. However, Disculpe can be used to say "I'm sorry" or "Excuse
me", while Lo siento is generally used only to say "I'm sorry." Don't worry about when to use
them! The context will help you decide.
15
There isn't any more.
16
There isn't any more coffee. I'm sorry.
(ay OOnah MEHsah PAHrah dohs)
hay
(ay)
mesa
(MEHsah)
¿Hay una mesa?
(ay OOnah MEHsah)
una mesa para dos
(OOnah MEHsah PAHrah dohs)
Buenos días. ¿Hay una mesa para
cuatro, por favor?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ay OOnah MEHsah
PAHrah KWAHtroh pohr fahBOHR)
¿Hay un baño aquí?
(ay oon BAHnyoh ahKEE)
gente
(HEHNteh)
mucha gente
(MOOchah HEHNteh)
Hay mucha gente en este restaurante.
(ay MOOchah HEHNteh ehn EHSteh
rrehstahwRAHNteh)
No hay.
(noh ay)
Lo siento.
(loh SYEHNtoh)
Lo siento. No hay refrescos.
(loh SYEHNtoh noh ay rrehFREHSkohs)
No hay más.
(noh ay mahs)
No hay más café. Lo siento.
(noh ay mahs kahFEH loh SYEHNtoh)
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56
Chapter 7: Numbers and Currency
Números y Monedas
Chapter 7: Numbers and Currency
Conversational Goals
Grammar Goals
Deal with Large Numbers
Discuss Payment Methods
Handle Currency with Ease
Ride a Taxi and Pay the Fare
Learn the Use of Adónde
Learn the Verbs Usar, Pagar, and Aceptar
Use the Expression Tener Que to Express
Needs
Use the Possessive Adjectives Su, Mi, and
Their Plural Forms
Use Aquí and Allí to Talk About Locations
Conversation
English
Spanish
Buenos días. ¿Adónde va?
Good morning. Where are you going?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ahDTHOHNdeh bah)
Voy a la calle San Martín. ¿Cuánto es
desde aquí?
I'm going to San Martín Street. How much is it
from here?
(boy ah lah KAHyeh sahn mahrTEEN
KWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ahKEE)
Son ciento diez pesos.
It's one hundred ten pesos.
(sohn SYEHNtoh dyehs PEHsohs)
Bueno. Vamos.
Well, let's go.
(BWEHnoh BAHmohs)
Bajo aquí. ¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de
crédito?
I'm getting off here. Can I pay with credit card?
(BAHhoh ahKEE PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn
tahrHEHtah deh KREHdtheetoh)
Disculpe pero no acepto tarjetas de
crédito.
I'm sorry but I do not accept credit cards.
(deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh
tahrHEHtahs deh KREHdtheetoh)
Bueno. Aquí tiene mil pesos.
Ok. Here you have one thousand pesos.
(BWEHnoh ahKEE TYEHneh meel PEHsohs)
Aquí tiene su cambio.
Here's your change.
(ahKEE TYEHneh soo KAHMbyoh)
Gracias. Adiós.
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57
Gracias. Adiós.
Thank you. Goodbye.
(GRAHsyahs ahDTHYOHS)
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58
Where are you going? ¿Adónde va?
English
1
2
Spanish
Where are you going?
¿Adónde va?
(To where do you go?)
(ahDTHOHNdeh bah)
where
adónde
(to where)
(ahDTHOHNdeh)
3
Pay attention to this new word adónde and learn how to differentiate it from dónde. Dónde
means "where" and is used to ask questions about the location of something. Adónde, on the
other hand, is the form used to inquire about the destination of someone or something, as in "to
where..." Consequently, in Spanish you would say, ¿Adónde vas? (To where are you going?)
However, you can not say "*To where is the book?" Instead you say, "Where is the book?"
(¿Dónde está el libro?).
4
(you) go
5
to have to
6
(you) have to
7
Where do you have to go?
8
(I) have to
9
to take
10
taxi
va
(bah)
tener que
(tehNEHR keh)
tiene que
(TYEHneh keh)
¿Adónde tiene que ir?
(ahDTHOHNdeh TYEHneh keh eer)
tengo que
(TEHNgoh keh)
tomar
(tohMAHR)
taxi
(TAHksee)
Tengo que tomar un taxi. ¿Adónde
puedo ir?
11
I have to take a taxi. Where can I go?
12
Traveling by taxi may be one of the cheapest ways of getting around in Latin America. However, if
you are planning to use a taxi, always remember to take authorized taxis with all the familiar
markings (like a yellow car with the white taxi light on the roof). And if you are at the airport or
important bus station, it is a good idea to buy your ticket from a clearly marked taxi booth.
13
free
14
This taxi is available. Where do you want to
go?
(TEHNgoh keh tohMAHR oon TAHksee
ahDTHOHNdeh PWEHdthoh eer)
libre
(LEEbreh)
Este taxi está libre. ¿Adónde quiere ir?
(This taxi is free. To where do you want to go?)
15
(EHSteh TAHksee ehsTAH LEEbreh
ahDTHOHNdeh KYEHreh eer)
quieres
(you) want
(KYEHrehs)
Continued on next page
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59
English
Spanish
tarde
16
evening
17
Do you recall that tarde can also mean "afternoon" and "late?" If you forgot, don't worry! You will
know which tarde is being used by the context of the conversation.
18
I'm free this evening. Where do you want to
go?
19
sir
20
Good morning, sir. Where do you want to go?
(TAHRdtheh)
Estoy libre esta tarde. ¿Adónde quieres
ir?
(ehsTOY LEEbreh EHStah TAHRdtheh
ahDTHOHNdeh KYEHrehs eer )
señor
(sehNYOHR)
Buenos días, señor. ¿Adónde quiere ir?
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60
(bwEHnohs dEEahs sehnyOHr ahdOHndeh
keeEHreh eer )
How much is it from here? ¿Cuánto es desde aquí?
English
1
How much is it from here?
2
How much is it?
3
from
4
from here
5
there
6
Spanish
¿Cuánto es desde aquí?
(KWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ahKEE)
¿Cuánto es?
(KWAHNtoh ehs)
desde
(DEHSdtheh)
desde aquí
(DEHSdtheh ahKEE)
allí
(ahYEE)
How much is it to there?
¿Cuánto es hasta allí?
(How much is it until there?)
(KWAHNtoh ehs AHStah ahYEE)
aeropuerto
7
airport
8
hotel
9
Did you remember that in Spanish the "h" is always silent?
(ahehrohPWEHRtoh)
hotel
(ohTEHL)
10
How much is it from the airport to the hotel?
11
avenue
12
How much is it to San Juan Avenue?
13
station
¿Cuánto es desde el aeropuerto hasta
el hotel?
(KWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ehl
ahehrohPWEHRtoh AHStah ehl hohTEHL)
avenida
(ahbehNEEdthah)
¿Cuánto es hasta la avenida San Juan?
14
(KWAHNtoh ehs AHStah lah
ahbehNEEdthahh san hwahn)
estación
(ehstahSYOHN)
I'm going to the station. How much is it from
here?
Voy hasta la estación. ¿Cuánto es
desde aquí?
(I go until the station. How much is it from
here?)
(boy AHStah lah ehstahSYOHN KWAHNtoh
ehs DEHSdtheh ahKEE)
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61
I'm getting off here. Bajo aquí.
English
Spanish
Bajo aquí.
1
I'm getting off here.
2
to get off
3
(I) get off
4
Do you see the pattern here? Now try to apply this pattern to the new verb you just learned.
5
(we) get off
6
We get off there.
(BAHhoh ahKEE)
bajar
(bahHAHR)
bajo
(BAHhoh)
bajamos
(bahHAHmohs)
Bajamos allí.
(bahHAHmohs ahYEE)
Bajamos aquí. ¿Puede esperar, por
favor?
7
We get off here. Can you wait, please?
8
You have seen that verbs in Spanish must reflect their subject. Most follow a regular pattern.
Given the verb hablar (to speak) and habla (you speak, formal), try to guess the answer to this
next slide.
9
(you) get off
10
Where do you get off?
11
Where do you have to get off?
12
next
13
stop
14
(bahHAHmohs ahKEE PWEHdtheh
ehspehRAHR pohr fahBOHR)
baja
(BAHhah)
¿Dónde baja?
(DOHNdeh BAHhah)
¿Dónde tiene que bajar?
(DOHNdeh TYEHneh keh bahHAHR)
próxima
(PROHkseemah)
parada
(pahRAHdthah)
at the next stop
en la próxima parada
(on the next stop)
(ehn lah PROHkseemahh pahRAHdthah)
¿Baja en la próxima parada?
15
Do you get off at the next stop?
16
following
17
(BAHhah ehn lah PROHkseemahh
pahRAHdthah)
siguiente
(seeGYEHNteh)
No. I get off at the following one.
No. Bajo en la siguiente.
(No. I get off on the following.)
(noh BAHhoh ehn lah seeGYEHNteh)
Continued on next page
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62
English
Spanish
subir
18
to get on
19
I can get on at the next stop.
20
Can I get on here?
21
Where do I have to get on?
22
Always remember to research your destination before leaving and, as you are packing, think twice
about the valuables you need to take! It is always recommended not to travel with things that
you won't use.
(sooBEER)
Puedo subir en la próxima parada.
(PWEHdthoh sooBEER ehn lah
PROHkseemahh pahRAHdthah)
¿Puedo subir aquí?
(PWEHdthoh sooBEER ahKEE)
¿Dónde tengo que subir?
(DOHNdeh TEHNgoh keh sooBEER)
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63
It's one hundred ten pesos. Son ciento diez pesos.
English
1
Spanish
It's one hundred ten pesos.
Son ciento diez pesos.
(They are one hundred ten pesos. )
(sohn SYEHNtoh dyehs PEHsohs)
cien (100)
2
one hundred (100)
3
Numbering in the hundreds also follows a regular pattern in Spanish. That makes it easy, right?
All you have to do is add -to to the end of the word hundred. For example one hundred twenty is
ciento veinte and one hundred sixteen is ciento dieciséis.
4
one hundred ten (110)
5
one hundred ten pesos
6
change
7
Do you have change?
8
(syehn)
ciento diez (110)
(SYEHNtoh dyehs)
ciento diez pesos
(SYEHNtoh dyehs PEHsohs)
cambio
(KAHMbyoh)
¿Tiene cambio?
(TYEHneh KAHMbyoh)
Do you have change for a hundred?
¿Tiene cambio de cien?
(Do you have change of a hundred?)
(TYEHneh KAHMbyoh deh syehn)
ciento cinco (105)
9
one hundred five (105)
10
two hundred (200)
11
Did you notice that because two is plural we have to add an -s? This is why we say ciento doce
(one hundred twelve), but doscientos doce (two hundred twelve).
12
two hundred twenty-two (222)
13
three hundred (300)
14
three hundred forty (340)
15
four hundred sixty-seven (467)
16
five hundred (500)
17
I'm sorry. I don't have change for five
hundred.
(SYEHNtoh SEENcoh)
doscientos (200)
(dohsSYEHNtohs)
doscientos veintidós (222)
(dohsSYEHNtohs beynteeDTHOHS)
trescientos (300)
(trehsSYEHNtohs)
trescientos cuarenta (340)
(trehsSYEHNtohs kwahREHNtah)
cuatrocientos sesenta y siete (467)
(kwahtrohSYEHNtohs sehSEHNtah ee
SYEHteh)
quinientos (500)
(keenYEHNtohs)
Disculpe, no tengo cambio de
quinientos.
(deesKOOLpeh noh TEHNgoh KAHMbyoh
deh keenYEHNtohs)
Continued on next page
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64
English
18
five hundred ninety-one (591)
19
six hundred eleven (611)
20
seven hundred eighty-five (785)
21
eight hundred fifty-nine (859)
22
nine hundred (900)
Spanish
quinientos noventa y uno (591)
(keenYEHNtohs nohBEHNtah ee OOnoh)
seiscientos once (611)
(seysSYEHNtohs OHNseh)
setecientos ochenta y cinco (785)
(sehtehSYEHNtohs ohCHEHNtah ee
SEENcoh)
ochocientos cincuenta y nueve (859)
23
(ohchohSYEHNtohs seenKWEHNtah ee
NWEHbeh)
novecientos (900)
(nohbehSYEHNtohs)
Son novecientos cuarenta y ocho pesos,
por favor.
It's nine hundred forty-eight pesos, please.
(sohn nohbehSYEHNtohs kwahREHNtah
ee OHchoh PEHsohs pohr fahBOHR)
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65
Can I pay with a credit card?
¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crédito?
English
Spanish
¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crédito?
1
Can I pay with a credit card?
2
to pay
3
Can I pay?
4
credit card
5
debit card
6
I can't pay with debit card.
7
to use
8
Can I use my credit card here?
9
traveler's check
10
my [plural]
11
I'm going to use my traveler's checks.
12
Did you notice that the words used in Spanish to show possession have singular and plural forms
in order to agree with the noun? So, you will say mi tarjeta de crédito (my credit card) but
mis tarjetas de débito (my debit cards). You say su cheque del viajero (your traveler's
check) but sus dólares (your dollars).
13
your
14
your [plural]
15
I'm sorry. You can't use your traveler's checks
here.
16
cash
(PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn tahrHEHtah
deh KREHdtheetoh)
pagar
(pahGAHR)
¿Puedo pagar?
(PWEHdthoh pahGAHR)
tarjeta de crédito
(tahrHEHtah deh KREHdtheetoh)
tarjeta de débito
(tahrHEHtah deh DEHbeetoh)
No puedo pagar con tarjeta de débito.
(noh PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn
tahrHEHtah deh DEHbeetoh)
usar
(ooSAHR)
¿Puedo usar mi tarjeta de crédito aquí?
(PWEHdthoh ooSAHR mee tahrHEHtah deh
KREHdtheetoh ahKEE)
cheque del viajero
(CHEHkeh dehl byaHEHroh)
mis
(mees)
Voy a usar mis cheques del viajero.
(boy ah ooSAHR mees CHEHkehs dehl
byaHEHroh)
su
(soo)
sus
(soos)
Disculpe. No puede usar sus cheques
del viajero aquí.
(deesKOOLpeh noh PWEHdtheh ooSAHR
soos CHEHkehs dehl byaHEHroh ahKEE)
efectivo
(ehfehkTEEboh)
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Continued on next page
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67
English
Spanish
No tengo efectivo. ¿Puedo pagar con
mi tarjeta de débito?
17
I don't have cash. Can I pay with my debit
card?
18
I can use my credit card here.
19
The use of credit and debit cards is really convenient, but don't forget to have a back-up plan in
case you lose your card (or have it swallowed by an ATM). It is always a good idea to travel with
some traveler's checks or a small amount of cash, just in case.
(noh TEHNgoh ehfehkTEEboh PWEHdthoh
pahGAHR kohn mee tahrHEHtah deh
DEHbeetoh)
Puedo usar mi tarjeta de crédito aquí.
(PWEHdthoh ooSAHR mee tahrHEHtah deh
KREHdtheetoh ahKEE)
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68
I'm sorry, but I do not accept credit cards.
Disculpe pero no acepto tarjetas de crédito.
English
1
I'm sorry, but I do not accept credit cards.
2
to accept
3
I accept
4
I don't accept
5
I´m sorry but I don´t accept...
6
I accept credit cards but I don't accept
traveler's checks.
7
only
8
is accepted
9
Only cash is accepted.
Spanish
Disculpe pero no acepto tarjetas de
crédito.
(deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh
tahrHEHtahs deh KREHdtheetoh)
aceptar
(ahsehpTAHR)
acepto
(ahSEHPtoh)
no acepto
(noh ahSEHPtoh)
Disculpe pero no acepto...
(deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh)
Acepto tarjetas de crédito pero no
acepto cheques del viajero.
(ahSEHPtoh tahrHEHtahs deh
KREHdtheetoh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh
CHEHkehs dehl byaHEHroh)
sólo
(SOHloh)
se acepta
(seh ahSEHPtah)
Sólo se acepta efectivo.
(SOHloh seh ahSEHPtah ehfehkTEEboh )
No se aceptan tarjetas de crédito en
este taxi.
10
Credit cards are not accepted in this taxi.
11
Did you notice that se acepta (is accepted) changed to se aceptan (are accepted)?
Remember the verb must always agree with the subject. So, since tarjetas de crédito is plural,
we add the -n to end of the verb to make it plural as well.
12
Are traveler's checks accepted here?
13
dollar
(noh seh ahSEHPtahn tahrHEHtahs deh
KREHdtheetoh ehn EHSteh TAHksee)
¿Se aceptan cheques del viajero aquí?
(seh ahSEHPtahn CHEHkehs dehl
byaHEHroh ahKEE)
dólar
(DOHlahr)
No. Pero se aceptan dólares y pesos.
14
No. But dollars and pesos are accepted.
(noh PEHroh seh ahSEHPtahn DOHlahrehs
ee PEHsohs)
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Here you are one thousand pesos.
Aquí tiene mil pesos.
English
1
Spanish
Here you are one thousand pesos.
Aquí tiene mil pesos.
(Here you have one thousand pesos.)
(ahKEE TYEHneh meel PEHsohs)
mil (1,000)
2
thousand (1,000)
3
a thousand pesos
4
When dealing with numbers, pay attention to the use of commas and periods. Some countries in
Latin America, like Argentina for example, use periods instead of commas to separate thousands,
and they also use commas instead of periods to mark the decimal units. So, in Argentina 5,000
would be 5.000 and 29.99 would be 29,99.
5
two thousand (2,000)
6
two thousand five hundred ninety-three
(2,593)
7
three thousand (3,000)
(meel)
mil pesos
(meel PEHsohs)
dos mil (2,000)
(dohs meel )
dos mil quinientos noventa y tres
(2,593)
(dohs meel keenYEHNtohs nohBEHNtah ee
trehs)
tres mil (3,000)
(trehs meel)
¿Puedo pagar con tres mil dólares?
8
Can I pay with three thousand dollars?
(PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn trehs meel
DOHlahrehs)
9
four thousand nine hundred sixty-five (4,965)
10
five thousand (5,000)
11
five thousand four hundred seventy-one
(5,471)
12
six thousand forty-eight (6,048)
13
seven thousand (7,000)
14
eight thousand three (8,003)
15
nine thousand five hundred thirteen (9,513)
cuatro mil novecientos sesenta y cinco
(4,965)
(KWAHtroh meel nohbehSYEHNtohs
sehSEHNtah ee SEENcoh)
cinco mil (5,000)
(SEENcoh meel)
cinco mil cuatrocientos setenta y uno
(5,471)
(SEENcoh meel kwahtrohSYEHNtohs
sehTEHNtah ee OOnoh)
seis mil cuarenta y ocho (6,048)
(seys meel kwahREHNtah ee OHchoh)
siete mil (7,000)
(SYEHteh meel)
ocho mil tres (8,003)
(OHchoh meel trehs)
nueve mil quinientos trece (9,513)
(NWEHbeh meel keenYEHNtohs TREHseh)
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70
Chapter 8: Getting Help
Obteniendo Ayuda
Chapter 8: Getting Help
Conversational Goals
Grammar Goals
Accept or Decline Help
Ask for and Offer Help
Describe Emergency Situations
Gain Knowledge of Emergency Services in
Latin America
Form Subordinate Clauses Using Que
Form the Past Tense
Learn the Present Progressive Tense
Practice More Reflexive Verbs
Use the Adjectives Algún and Ningún
Conversation
English
Spanish
¿Qué pasa?
What´s wrong?
(keh PAHsah)
No me siento bien. Creo que tengo fiebre
alta.
I don't feel well. I think I have a high fever.
(noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn KREHoh keh
TEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)
¿Le duele algo?
Does something hurt?
(leh DWEHleh AHLgoh)
Si. Me duele la cabeza.
Yes. My head hurts.
(see meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah)
¿Hay un hospital cerca?
Is there a hospital close by?
(ay oon ohspeeTAHL SEHRkah)
No. ¿Quiere que llame a un taxi?
No. Do you want me to call a taxi?
(noh KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah oon TAHksee)
Sí, por favor.
Yes, please.
(see pohr fahBOHR)
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71
What's wrong? ¿Qué pasa?
English
1
What's wrong?
¿Qué pasa?
(What happens?)
(keh PAHsah)
2
to happen
3
it happens
4
Spanish
pasar
(pahSAHR)
pasa
(PAHsah)
Is something wrong?
¿Pasa algo?
(Something happen?)
(PAHsah AHLgoh)
nada
5
nothing
6
The word nada means "nothing" and it can often mean "anything" as well.
7
Nothing is wrong. I'm fine.
8
Did you notice that in Spanish you can negate a sentence twice? That's because in Spanish
double negatives are very common, so you will frequently hear people saying No pasa nada
(Nothing happens), No tengo nada (I have nothing), No quiero nada (I want nothing). This
generally happens when nada is right after the verb so, you first negate the verb and then add
the word nada.
9
happened
10
How did it happen?
11
Are you okay? What happened?
12
happening
13
Creating the -ing form in Spanish generally follows a regular pattern. For verbs that end in -ar you
simply drop the last -r of the verb and add -ndo. For verbs that end in -er or -ir you drop this
ending and add -iendo. So, pasar becomes pasando, comer changes to comiendo, and
subir becomes subiendo etc.
14
What's happening?
15
with you
16
What's wrong with you?
(NAHdthah)
No pasa nada. Estoy bien.
(noh PAHsah NAHdthah ehsTOY byehn)
pasó
(pahSOH)
¿Cómo pasó?
(KOHmoh pahSOH)
¿Está bien? ¿Qué pasó?
(ehsTAH byehn keh pahSOH)
pasando
(pahSAHNdoh)
¿Qué está pasando?
(keh ehsTAH pahSAHNdoh)
contigo
(kohnTEEgoh)
¿Qué pasa contigo?
(keh PAHsah kohnTEEgoh)
Continued on next page
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72
English
17
Spanish
What happened to you?
¿Qué pasó contigo?
(What happened with you?)
(keh pahSOH kohnTEEgoh)
18
¿Qué pasa contigo? and ¿Qué pasó contigo? can also be used interchangeably to mean
"What's wrong with you?"
19
with me
20
conmigo
(kohnMEEgoh)
What's going on with me?
¿Qué está pasando conmigo?
(What's happening with me?)
(keh ehsTAH pahSAHNdoh kohnMEEgoh)
caer
21
to fall
22
to fall oneself
23
I fell
24
Did you notice that you need to use me before the verb caí?
25
I fell. But nothing happened. I'm fine.
26
In Latin America, emergency telephone numbers are usually a three-digit number that may differ
from country to country. In Mexico, depending on where you are you will dial 066, 060 or 080 for
emergency services. And, the emergency numbers in Guatemala are 110, 120 and 123. So, be
sure to look for the number before entering a country and to have it on hand, just in case.
(kahEHR)
caerse
(kahEHRseh)
me caí
(meh kahYEE)
Me caí. Pero no pasó nada, estoy bien.
(meh kahEE PEHroh noh pahSOH
NAHdthah ehsTOY byehn)
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73
I don't feel well. No me siento bien.
English
1
Spanish
I don't feel well.
No me siento bien.
(I myself don't feel well.)
(noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn)
sentirse
2
to feel oneself
3
Did you notice that sentirse is another reflexive verb? Remember that reflexive verbs mean the
action of the subject is being carried out on the subject itself. You must always include the
pronoun with reflexive verbs. So, he feels is Él se siente.
4
(sehnTEERseh)
(I) feel
me siento
((I) myself feel)
(meh SYEHNtoh)
5
well
6
I feel well.
7
I feel well. I'm not tired.
8
dizzy
9
I feel dizzy!
bien
(byehn)
Me siento bien.
(meh SYEHNtoh byehn)
Me siento bien. No estoy cansado.
10
(meh SYEHNtoh byehn noh ehsTOY
kahnSAHdthoh)
mareado
(mahrehAHdthoh)
¡Me siento mareada!
(meh SYEHNtoh mahrehAHdthah)
(you) feel
se siente
((you) yourself feel)
(seh SYEHNteh)
11
How do you feel?
12
Do you feel okay?
13
bad
14
I feel bad.
¿Cómo se siente?
(KOHmoh seh SYEHNteh)
¿Se siente bien?
(seh SYEHNteh byehn)
mal
(mahl)
Me siento mal.
(meh SYEHNtoh mahl)
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74
I believe that I have a high fever.
Creo que tengo fiebre alta.
English
Spanish
Creo que tengo fiebre alta.
1
I believe that I have a high fever.
2
to believe
3
(I) believe
4
I believe that I have...
5
fever
6
I have a fever.
7
high
8
Just a heads up, fiebre is a feminine noun.
9
I have a high fever.
10
pain
11
stomachache
12
he has
13
I believe that he has a stomachache.
14
head
15
headache
(KREHoh keh TEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)
creer
(krehEHR)
creo
(KREHoh)
Creo que tengo...
(KREHoh keh TEHNgoh)
fiebre
(FYEHbreh)
Tengo fiebre.
(TEHNgoh FYEHbreh)
alto
(AHLtoh)
Tengo fiebre alta.
(TEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)
dolor
(dohLOHR)
dolor de estómago
(dohLOHR deh ehsTOHmahgoh)
él tiene
(ehl TYEHneh)
Creo que tiene dolor de estómago.
(KREHoh keh TYEHneh dohLOHR deh
ehsTOHmahgoh)
cabeza
(kahBEHsah)
dolor de cabeza
(dohLOHR deh kahBEHsah)
16
I don't have a headache. I'm okay now.
17
to faint
No tengo dolor de cabeza. Estoy bien
ahora.
(noh TEHNgoh dohLOHR deh kahBEHsah
ehsTOY byehn ahOHrah)
desmayarse
(dehsmahYAHRseh)
Continued on next page
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75
English
Spanish
Me desmayo.
18
I faint.
19
Help!
20
(he) is going to
21
Heads up! Desmayarse is not the main verb in this next sentence. This means we will not
change its ending.
22
Help! I believe he is going to faint!
23
Traveling may be an extremely interesting and joyful experience but, did you know that the
chances of contracting illnesses increase when traveling? Therefore, you should be prepared for
such risks and seek appropriate advice before leaving your country. Ask your doctor for medicines
you may need to take with you and whether there is a particular tablet or shot you are required to
take before entering the country.
(meh dehsMAHyoh)
¡Auxilio!
(ahwksEElyoh)
va a
(bah ah)
¡Auxilio! ¡Creo que va a desmayarse!
(ahwksEElyoh KREHoh keh bah ah
dehsmahYAHRseh)
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76
My head hurts. Me duele la cabeza.
English
1
Spanish
My head hurts.
Me duele la cabeza.
(The head hurts me. )
(meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah)
doler
2
to hurt
3
it hurts me
4
Did you notice that in Spanish we don't use the possessive to refer to the part of the body that
hurts? In English you say "My head hurts", but in Spanish you say ¡Me duele la cabeza! (not
¡Me duele mi cabeza!).
5
stomach
(dohLEHR)
me duele
(meh DWEHleh)
estómago
(ehsTOHmahgoh)
No me siento bien. Me duele el
estómago.
6
I don't feel well. My stomach hurts.
7
it hurts you
8
What hurts?
9
back
10
My back hurts!
11
Where does it hurt?
12
not anymore
13
In Spanish, the structure ya no always goes at the beginning of the sentence. Remember this
rule for the next line!
(noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn meh DWEHleh
ehl ehsTOHmahgoh)
le duele
(leh DWEHleh)
¿Qué le duele?
(keh leh DWEHleh)
espalda
(eehsPAHLdah)
¡Me duele la espalda!
(meh DWEHleh lah ehsPAHLdah )
¿Dónde le duele?
(DOHNdeh leh DWEHleh)
ya no
(yah noh)
14
My head doesn't hurt anymore. Now, my back
hurts!
15
leg
16
Does your leg hurt?
17
No. My leg doesn't hurt anymore.
Ya no me duele la cabeza. ¡Ahora me
duele la espalda!
(yah noh meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah
ahOHrah meh DWEHleh lah ehsPAHLdah)
pierna
(PYEHRnah)
¿Le duele la pierna?
(leh DWEHleh lah PYEHRnah)
No. Ya no me duele la pierna.
(noh yah noh meh DWEHleh lah
PYEHRnah)
Continued on next page
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77
English
18
it hurts you
19
Does your stomach hurt?
20
No. Not anymore.
Spanish
te duele
(teh DWEHleh)
¿Te duele el estómago?
(teh DWEHleh ehl ehsTOHmahgoh)
No. Ya no.
(noh yah noh)
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78
Do you want me to call a doctor?
¿Quiere que llame a un doctor?
English
1
Do you want me to call a doctor?
¿Quiere que llame a un doctor?
(Do you want that I call to a doctor?)
(KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah oon dohkTOHR)
2
to call
3
(I) call
4
Spanish
llamar
(yahMAHR)
llamo
(YAHmoh)
Do you want me to call?
¿Quiere que llame?
(You want that I call?)
(KYEHreh keh YAHmeh)
5
You might have said *¿Quiere que llamo? or *¿Quiere que llamar? However in Spanish, we
use the subjunctive form of the verb when we want to convey Wishes, Impersonal Expressions,
Emotions, Requests, Doubts/ Desires, Opinions, Negative Commands, Uncertainty, or
Tentativeness. (You can remember these with the acronym "WEIRDO NUT.") In Spanish, this
generally means that if the verb ends in -ar you drop this ending and add an -e. And, if the verb
ends in -er or -ir, you will drop this and add an -a. So, the subjunctive form of llamar is llame.
6
doctor
7
Call! [imperative]
8
Call a doctor!
9
emergency
10
It is an emergency. Call a doctor!
11
police
12
Do you want me to call the police?
13
For this next slide remember that when you give a negative command, you need to drop the -r
and change the last vowel accordingly to form the subjunctive form of the verb.
doctor
(dohkTOHR)
¡Llame!
(YAHmeh )
¡Llame a un doctor!
(YAHmeh ah oon dohkTOHR)
emergencia
(ehmehrHEHNsyah)
Es una emergencia. ¡Llame a un doctor!
(ehs OOnah ehmehrHEHNsyah YAHmeh ah
oon dohkTOHR)
policía
(pohleeSEEah)
¿Quiere que llame a la policía?
(KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah lah
pohleeSEEah)
14
Don't call the police. It is not an emergency.
15
to steal
16
(they) steal
No llame a la policía. No es una
emergencia.
(noh YAHmeh ah lah pohleeSEEah noh ehs
OOnah ehmehrHEHNsyah)
robar
(rrohBAHR)
roban
(RROHbahn)
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Continued on next page
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80
English
17
18
19
Spanish
robaron
(they) stole
(rrohBAHrohn)
I was robbed!
¡Me robaron!
(They stole from me!)
(meh rrohBAHrohn)
pasaporte
passport
(pahsahPOHRteh)
Me robaron mi pasaporte. ¡Llame a la
policía!
20
They stole my passport. Call the police!
21
South America is a fascinating continent with plenty of gorgeous places to visit and friendly
people to meet! But when visiting a country there, just like when you visit any other country in the
world, you need to take a few basic safety precautions. These include protecting your valuables by
leaving them at home, trying not to look like a tourist when you go out and being cautious when
using ATMs. In short, always rely on your common sense for your own safety and enjoy your
travels, but be safe!
(meh rrohBAHrohn mee pahsahPOHRteh
YAHmeh ah lah pohleeSEEah)
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81
I need an ambulance! ¡Necesito una ambulancia!
English
Spanish
¡Necesito una ambulancia!
1
I need an ambulance!
2
to need
3
(I) need
4
I don't need
5
ambulance
6
an ambulance
7
(you) need
8
What do you need?
9
(you) need
10
medicine
11
Do you need to take your medicine?
12
(he / she) needs
13
Is he ok? What does he need?
14
to seat oneself
(nehsehSEEtoh OOnah ahmbooLAHNsyah)
necesitar
(nehsehseeTAHR)
necesito
(nehsehSEEtoh)
no necesito
(noh nehsehSEEtoh)
ambulancia
(ahmbooLAHNsyah)
una ambulancia
(OOnah ahmbooLAHNsyah)
necesita
(nehsehSEEtah)
¿Qué necesita?
(keh nehsehSEEtah)
necesitas
(nehsehSEEtahs)
medicina
(mehdtheeSEEnah)
¿Necesitas tomar tu medicina?
(nehsehSEEtahs tohMAHR too
mehdtheeSEEnah)
necesita
(nehsehSEEtah)
¿Está bien? ¿Qué necesita?
(ehsTAH byehn keh nehsehSEEtah)
sentarse
(sehnTAHRseh)
Mi esposo está mareado. Necesita
sentarse.
15
My husband is dizzy. He needs to sit down.
16
Did you know that altitude sickness is a common illness for those going to altitudes over 2,438
m? Well, be aware the highest point in Argentina is 6,960 m! Chile reaches as high as 6,880m!
And, Peru's highest point is 6,768 m! So, if you are planning to visit countries such as Perú, Chile
or Argentina you should consult your doctor before as there are some treatments for altitude
sickness that can be prescribed.
(mee ehsPOHsoh ehsTAH mahrehAHdthoh
nehsehSEEtah sehnTAHRseh)
Continued on next page
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82
English
17
algún
any
18
I feel dizzy. Are there any doctors here?
19
help
20
Do you need help?
21
Spanish
(ahlGOON)
Me siento mareada. ¿Hay algún doctor
aquí?
(meh SYEHNtoh mahrehAHdthah ay
ahlGOON dohkTOHR ahKEE)
ayuda
(ahYOOdthah)
¿Necesita ayuda?
(nehsehSEEtah ahYOOdthah)
Sí. ¡Necesito que llame a una
ambulancia!
Yes. I need you to call an ambulance!
(see nehsehSEEtoh keh YAHmeh ah
OOnah ahmbooLAHNsyah)
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83
Is there a hospital close by?
¿Hay un hospital cerca?
English
Spanish
¿Hay un hospital cerca?
1
Is there a hospital close by?
2
hospital
3
Did you remember the "h" is always silent in Spanish?
4
a hospital
5
close by
6
a hospital close by
7
clinic
8
any clinic
(ay oon ohspeeTAHL SEHRkah)
hospital
(ohspeeTAHL)
un hospital
(oon ohspeeTAHL)
cerca
(SEHRkah)
un hospital cerca
(oon ohspeeTAHL SEHRkah)
clínica
(KLEEneekah)
alguna clínica
(ahlGOOnah KLEEneekah)
Me siento mal. ¿Hay alguna clínica
cerca?
9
I feel bad. Are there any clinics close by?
10
Most people that travel to Latin America do not need medical attention. But accidents may
happen anywhere! So, take into account that if you are in a remote or rural area and are in need
of a doctor, you may want to travel to a bigger town or city where modern facilities will be
available.
11
Are there any doctors here?
12
none
13
(meh SYEHNtoh mahl ay ahlGOOnah
KLEEneekah SEHRkah)
¿Hay algún doctor aquí?
(ay ahlGOON dohkTOHR ahKEE)
ninguno
(neenGOOnoh)
No. There aren't any.
No. No hay ninguno.
(No. There aren't none.)
(noh noh ay neenGOOnoh)
14
Recall how Spanish allows for the use of double negatives. This is why we say, "There aren't
none," instead of, "There aren't any."
15
There aren't any clinics close by.
(noh ay neenGOOnah KLEEneekah
SEHRkah)
There aren't any doctors. Should I call an
ambulance?
No hay ningún doctor. ¿Llamo a la
ambulancia?
(There aren't none doctor. I call to the
ambulance?)
(noh ay neenGOON dohkTOHR YAHmoh ah
lah ahmbooLAHNsyah)
No hay ninguna clínica cerca.
16
17
Did you say *ninguno doctor? Very close! However, remember what you learned about how
adjectives drop the final -o when they precede a masculine noun. Therefore, if we were referring
to a female doctor we would say, ninguna doctora.
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84
Chapter 9: What Does That Mean?
¿Qué Significa?
Chapter 9: What Does That Mean?
Conversational Goals
Grammar Goals
Ask and Tell What a Word or Phrase Means
Ask and Tell What a Written Word or Phrase
Says
Communicate One's Ability to Understand
Something
Express Gratitude for a Past Deed
Request to Repeat, Slow Down, or Speak Up
Form Comparatives
Practice More Demonstrative Pronouns
Practice More Verbs in the Past Tense
Recognize Impersonal Pronoun Clitics
Conversation
English
Spanish
Disculpe, ¿qué dice este letrero?
Excuse me, what does this sign say?
(deesKOOLpeh keh DEEseh EHSteh
lehTREHroh)
Dice "No pasar".
It says "Do not enter."
(DEEseh noh pahSAHR)
No entiendo. ¿Puede repetirlo, por favor?
I don't understand. Can you repeat it, please?
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh PWEHdtheh
rrehpehTEERloh pohr fahBOHR)
Dice "No Pasar".
It says "Do not enter."
(DEEseh noh pahSAHR)
Bueno, gracias por su ayuda.
Well, thank you for your help.
(BWEHnoh GRAHsyahs pohr soo
ahYOOdthah)
De nada.
You are welcome.
(deh NAHdthah)
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85
I don't understand. No entiendo.
English
Spanish
No entiendo.
1
I don't understand.
2
to understand
3
(I) understand
4
Entender (to understand) is an irregular verb like costar (to cost) and decir (to say). Be careful
with these verbs because their conjugations do not follow the same pattern regular verbs do.
5
Can you speak...?
6
slow
7
8
9
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh)
entender
(ehntehnDEHR)
entiendo
(ehnTYEHNdoh)
¿Puede hablar...?
(PWEHdtheh ahBLAHR)
despacio
(dehsPAHseeoh)
slower
más despacio
(more slow)
(mahs dehsPAHseeoh)
No entiendo. ¿Puede hablar más
despacio?
I don't understand. Can you speak slower?
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh PWEHdtheh ahBLAHR
mahs dehsPAHseeoh)
louder
más alto
(more high)
(mahs AHLtoh)
Más alto, por favor. No entiendo.
10
Louder, please. I don't understand.
11
As you can see, it is easy to use comparatives in Spanish! Generally speaking, in Spanish, you
only have to add the word más (more) to the adjective, for example: más alto (louder), más
despacio (slower).
12
handwriting
13
I don't understand the handwriting!
14
word
15
I don't understand this word.
16
Did you notice that este became esta in order to agree with the gender of palabra?
(mahs AHLtoh pohr fahBOHR noh
ehnTYEHNdoh)
letra
(LEHtrah)
¡No entiendo la letra!
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh lah LEHtrah)
palabra
(pahLAHbrah)
No entiendo esta palabra.
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh EHStah pahLAHbrah)
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86
The sign says "Emergency Exit."
El letrero dice "Salida de Emergencia".
English
Spanish
El letrero dice "Salida de Emergencia".
1
The sign says "Emergency Exit."
2
to say
3
(it) says
4
sign
5
the sign says
6
Emergency Exit
7
danger
8
to pass
9
(ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh sahLEEdthah deh
ehmehrHEHNseeah)
decir
(dehSEER)
dice
(DEEseh)
letrero
(lehTREHroh)
el letrero dice
(ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh)
Salida de Emergencia
(sahLEEdthah deh ehmehrHEHNsyah)
peligro
(pehLEEgroh)
pasar
(pahSAHR)
Do not enter.
No pasar.
(Do not pass.)
(noh pahSAHR)
El letrero dice "Peligro. No pasar".
10
The sign says "Danger. Do not enter."
11
(you) said
12
(I) understood
13
I didn't understand. What did you say?
14
I don't understand Italian. What did he say?
15
Did you remember that you use the same form of the verb for he/ she/ it and you (formal)?
(ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh pehLEEgroh noh
pahSAHR)
dijo
(DEEhoh)
entendí
(ehntehnDEE)
No entendí. ¿Qué dijo?
(noh ehntehnDEE keh DEEhoh)
No entiendo italiano. ¿Qué dijo?
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh eetahLYAHnoh keh
DEEhoh)
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87
Can you repeat it? ¿Puede repetirlo?
English
1
Can you repeat it?
2
to repeat
3
repeat it
4
to hear
5
(I) heard
6
I didn't hear well. Can you repeat it, please?
7
noise
Spanish
¿Puede repetirlo?
(PWEHdtheh rrehpehTEERloh)
repetir
(rrehpehTEER)
repetirlo
(rrehpehTEERloh)
escuchar
(ehskooCHAHR)
escuché
(ehskooCHEH)
No escuché bien. ¿Puede repetirlo, por
favor?
(noh ehskooCHEH byehn PWEHdtheh
rrehpehTEERloh pohr fahBOHR)
ruido
(RWEEdthoh)
8
There's a lot of noise here. Can you repeat it?
9
I didn't understand that. Can you repeat it?
Hay mucho ruido aquí. ¿Puede
repetirlo?
(ay MOOchoh RWEEdthoh ahKEE
PWEHdtheh rrehpehTEERloh)
No entendí eso. ¿Puede repetirlo?
(noh ehntehnDEE EHsoh PWEHdtheh
rrehpehTEERloh)
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88
What does it mean? ¿Qué significa?
English
1
What does it mean?
2
to mean
3
(it) means
4
What does this mean?
5
This means that you can't enter.
6
What does this word mean?
7
Does this word mean danger?
8
cell phone
Spanish
¿Qué significa?
(keh seegneeFEEkah)
significar
(seegneefeeKAHR)
significa
(seegneeFEEkah)
¿Qué significa esto?
(keh seegneeFEEkah EHStoh)
Esto significa que no puede pasar.
(EHStoh seegneeFEEkah keh noh
PWEHdtheh pahSAHR)
¿Qué significa esta palabra?
(keh seegneeFEEkah EHStah pahLAHbrah)
¿Esta palabra significa peligro?
(EHStah pahLAHbrah seegneeFEEkah
pehLEEgroh)
teléfono celular
(tehLEHfohnoh sehlooLAHR)
¿Eso significa que no puedo usar mi
teléfono celular?
9
Does that mean that I can't use my cell
phone?
10
In Latin America, you will hear people say celular, which is the short form of teléfono celular.
11
It means nothing.
(EHsoh seegneeFEEkah keh noh
PWEHdthoh ooSAHR mee tehLEHfohnoh
sehlooLAHR)
No significa nada.
(noh seegneeFEEkah NAHdthah)
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89
Thank you for explaining this to me.
Gracias por explicarme esto.
English
Spanish
Gracias por explicarme esto.
1
Thank you for explaining this to me.
2
to explain
3
to explain to me
4
(GRAHsyahs pohr ehkspleeKAHRmeh
EHStoh)
explicar
(ehkspleeKAHR)
explicarme
(ehkspleeKAHRmeh)
explaining this to me
explicarme esto
(to explain this to me)
(ehkspleeKAHRmeh EHStoh)
por
5
for
6
You probably recall that for is also para. Both por and para mean "for." Para is usually used to
indicate an end point, goal or target. For example, Este es para usted. Por usually indicates
an intermediate point of time. For example, por dos horas. Or, when used to indicate
exchange, as in, "thank you for..."
7
thank you for
8
Thank you for explaining this word to me.
9
explanation
10
Thank you for the explanation.
11
time
12
your time
13
I understand now! Thank you for your time.
14
we understand
15
Yes, we understand. Thanks for your help.
(pohr)
gracias por
(GRAHsyahs pohr)
Gracias por explicarme esta palabra.
(GRAHsyahs pohr ehkspleeKAHRmeh
EHStah pahLAHbrah)
explicación
(ehkspleekahSYOHN)
Gracias por la explicación.
(GRAHsyahs pohr lah ehkspleekahSYOHN)
tiempo
(TYEHMpoh)
su tiempo
(soo TYEHMpoh)
¡Ahora entiendo! Gracias por su tiempo.
(¡ahOHrah ehnTEHNdoh! GRAHsyahs pohr
soo TYEHMpoh. )
entendemos
(ehntehnDEHmohs)
Sí, entendemos. Gracias por su ayuda.
(see ehntehnDEHmohs GRAHsyahs pohr
soo ahYOOdthah)
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90
Chapter 10: Languages and
Communication
Chapter 10: Languages and Communication
Conversational Goals
Grammar Goals
Ask and Tell What Something Is
Give or Respond to a Compliment
Request or Agree to Speak in Spanish
Request or Provide a Performance Review
Tell Someone that You Are Learning
Something
Practice Impersonal Pronoun Clitics
Practice the Present Progressive Tense
Use the Verb Deber to Talk About
Obligations
Use Si to Talk About Conditions
Conversation
English
Spanish
Disculpe, ¿cómo se pronuncia esta
palabra?
Excuse me. How is this word pronounced?
(deesKOOLpeh KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah
EHStah pahLAHbrah)
"Estacionamiento".
"Estacionamiento."
(ehstahsyohnahMYEHNtoh)
"Estacionamiento" ¿Está bien?
"Estacionamiento." Is that ok?
(ehstahsyohnahMYEHNtoh ehsTAH byehn)
Perfecto. ¡Usted es bueno con el español!
Perfect. You are good at Spanish!
(pehrFEHKtoh oosTEHDTH ehs BWEHnoh
kohn ehl ehspahNYOHL)
Oh, no. Estoy aprendiéndolo.
Oh, no. I'm learning it.
(oh noh ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)
Usted debe ser un buen alumno entonces.
You must be a good student then.
(oosTEHDTH DEHbeh sehr oon bwehn
ahLOOMnoh ehnTOHNsehs)
Bueno, estudio un poco cada día.
Well, I study a bit each day.
(BWEHnoh ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh
KAHdthah DEEah)
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91
I'm learning Spanish. Estoy aprendiendo español.
English
Spanish
Estoy aprendiendo español.
1
I'm learning Spanish.
2
to learn
3
learning
4
I'm learning
5
(you) are learning
6
Are you learning Italian?
7
learning it
8
Yes, I'm learning it.
9
I'm not learning Italian.
10
Do you remember the pattern we used to change bajar (to get off) to bajamos (we get off)?
Keep this in mind for the next slide.
11
(we) can
(ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh
ehspahNYOHL)
aprender
(ahprehnDEHR)
aprendiendo
(ahprehnDYEHNdoh )
estoy aprendiendo
(ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh)
está aprendiendo
(ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoh)
¿Está aprendiendo italiano?
(ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoh
eetahLYAHnoh )
aprendiéndolo
(ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)
Sí, estoy aprendiéndolo.
(see ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)
No estoy aprendiendo italiano.
(noh ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh
eetahLYAHnoh)
podemos
(pohDTHEHmohs)
Estoy aprendiendo español. ¿Podemos
hablar en español?
12
I'm learning Spanish. Can we speak in
Spanish?
13
if
14
If you want.
15
Did you notice that this si does not have the accent? In Spanish, you add the accent to this word
when you use it to say an affirmative sentence, for example: Sí, quiero hablar español (Yes, I
want to speak Spanish). You will use si without the accent when it represents a condition, for
example: Podemos hablar español si quieres (We can speak Spanish if you want). So,
generally speaking, when in English you say "yes" you have to use the accent and when you say
"if" you don't use it.
16
(ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh ehspahNYOHL
pohDTHEHmohs ahBLAHR ehn
ehspahNYOHL)
si
(see)
Si quiere.
(see KYEHreh)
¡Claro! Podemos hablar en español si
quiere.
Sure! We can speak in Spanish if you want.
(KLAHroh pohDTHEHmohs ahBLAHR ehn
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92
ehspahNYOHL see KYEHreh)
Continued on next page
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93
English
Spanish
17
Did you know that Spanish is the second most spoken language in the world in terms of the
amount of people who speak it as their first language?
18
together
19
if (you) want
20
If you want, we can learn together.
juntos
(HOONtohs)
si quieres
(see KYEHrehs)
Si quieres podemos aprender juntos.
(see KYEHrehs pohDTHEHmohs
ahprehnDEHR HOONtohs)
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94
How is this word pronounced?
¿Cómo se pronuncia esta palabra?
English
Spanish
¿Cómo se pronuncia esta palabra?
1
How is this word pronounced?
2
to pronounce
3
it is pronounced
4
How is it pronounced?
5
this word
6
(I) pronounce
7
How do I pronounce this word?
8
I'm pronouncing
9
correctly
(KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah EHStah
pahLAHbrah)
pronunciar
(prohnoonSYAHR)
se pronuncia
(seh prohNOONsyah)
¿Cómo se pronuncia?
(KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah)
esta palabra
(EHStah pahLAHbrah)
pronuncio
(prohNOONsyoh)
¿Cómo pronuncio esta palabra?
(KOHmoh prohNOONsyoh EHStah
pahLAHbrah)
estoy pronunciando
(ehsTOY prohnoonSYAHNdoh)
correctamente
(kohrrehktahMEHNteh)
¿Estoy pronunciando esta palabra
correctamente?
10
Am I pronouncing this word correctly?
11
Did you know Spanish is one of the world's most phonetic languages? This means that if you know
how to spell a word, you can almost always know how to pronounce it.
12
pronouncing it
13
You are not pronouncing it well.
14
Are you learning to speak Spanish?
(ehsTOY prohnoonSYAHNdoh EHStah
pahLAHbrah kohrrehktahMEHNteh)
pronunciándolo
(prohnoonSYANdohloh)
No está pronunciándolo bien.
(noh ehsTAH prohnoonSYANdohloh
byehn)
¿Está aprendiendo a hablar español?
15
(ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoh ah ahBLAHR
ehspahNYOHL)
Sí. ¿Estoy pronunciándolo
correctamente?
Yes. Am I pronouncing it correctly?
(see ehsTOY prohnoonSYANdohloh
kohrrehktahMEHNteh)
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95
Your pronunciation is perfect!
¡Su pronunciación es perfecta!
English
Spanish
¡Su pronunciación es perfecta!
1
Your pronunciation is perfect!
2
pronunciation
3
your pronunciation
4
perfect
5
perfect pronunciation
6
Did you notice that perfecto changed to the feminine form perfecta? By now you know that
this is because pronunciación is a feminine noun.
7
It is perfect!
8
excellent
9
your
10
Your pronunciation is excellent!
11
job
12
Excellent job!
13
Well done!
14
Excellent job! Well done.
15
Very good!
16
Very well done!
17
Thanks a lot!
(soo prohnoonsyahSYOHN ehs
pehrFEHKtah)
pronunciación
(prohnoonsyahSYOHN)
su pronunciación
(soo prohnoonsyahSYOHN)
perfecto
(pehrFEHKtoh)
pronunciación perfecta
(prohnoonsyahSYOHN pehrFEHKtah)
¡Está perfecto!
(ehsTAH pehrFEHKtoh)
excelente
(ehksehLEHNteh)
tu
(too)
¡Tu pronunciación es excelente!
(too prohnoonsyahSYOHN ehs
ehksehLEHNteh)
trabajo
(trahBAHhoh)
¡Excelente trabajo!
(ehksehLEHNteh trahBAHhoh)
¡Bien hecho!
(byehn EHchoh)
¡Excelente trabajo! Bien hecho.
(ehksehLEHNteh trahBAHhoh byehn
EHchoh)
¡Muy bien!
(mwee byehn)
¡Muy bien hecho!
(mwee byehn EHchoh)
¡Muchas gracias!
(MOOchahs GRAHsyahs)
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96
I study a little bit every day.
Estudio un poco cada día.
English
Spanish
Estudio un poco cada día.
1
I study a little bit every day.
2
to study
3
(I) study
4
I study a little bit.
5
every
6
every day
7
Are you recognizing a pattern?
8
(you) study
9
Do you study Spanish?
10
Do you study a lot?
11
No. Only a little bit every day.
12
(you) study
13
alone
14
Sólo means "only." But, solo without the accent means "alone."
15
Do you study alone?
(ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh KAHdthah
DEEah)
estudiar
(ehstooDTHYAHR)
estudio
(ehsTOOdthyoh)
Estudio un poco.
(ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh)
cada
(KAHdthah)
cada día
(KAHdthah DEEah)
estudias
(ehsTOOdthyahs)
¿Estudias español?
(ehsTOOdthyahs ehspahNYOHL)
¿Estudias mucho?
(ehsTOOdthyahs MOOchoh)
No. Sólo un poco cada día.
(noh SOHloh oon POHkoh KAHdthah
DEEah)
estudia
(ehsTOOdthyah)
solo
(SOHloh)
¿Estudia sola?
(ehsTOOdthyah SOHlah)
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97
You must be a good student then.
Debe ser un buen alumno entonces.
English
Spanish
Debe ser un buen alumno entonces.
1
You must be a good student then.
2
must
3
(you) must
4
(you) must be
5
student
6
You must be a student.
7
a good student
8
then
9
Your Spanish is very good.
10
practice
11
You must practice more.
12
(I) must
13
I must practice more then.
(DEHbeh sehr oon bwehn ahLOOMnoh
ehnTOHNsehs)
deber
(dehBEHR)
debe
(DEHbeh)
debe ser
(DEHbeh sehr)
alumno
(ahLOOMnoh)
Debe ser un alumno.
(DEHbeh sehr oon ahLOOMnoh)
un buen alumno
(oon bwehn ahLOOMnoh)
entonces
(ehnTOHNsehs)
Su español es muy bueno.
(soo ehspahNYOHL ehs mwee BWEHnoh)
practicar
(prahkteeKAHR)
Debe practicar más.
(DEHbeh prahkteeKAHR mahs)
debo
(DEHboh)
Debo practicar más entonces.
14
(DEHboh prahkteeKAHR mahs
ehnTOHNsehs)
¿Puedo hablar español con usted
entonces?
Can I speak Spanish with you then?
(PWEHdthoh ahBLAHR ehspahNYOHL kohn
oosTEHDTH ehnTOHNsehs)
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98
Vocabulary Review
English
Spanish
estoy
(I) am
(ehsTOY)
soy
(I) am (for permanent states of being)
(soy)
creo
(I) believe
(KREHoh)
llamo
(I) call
(YAHmoh)
puedo
(I) can
(PWEHdthoh)
(I) feel
me siento
((I) myself feel)
(meh SYEHNtoh)
bajo
(I) get off
(BAHhoh)
escuché
(I) heard
(ehskooCHEH)
debo
(I) must
(DEHboh)
necesito
(I) need
(nehsehSEEtoh)
pronuncio
(I) pronounce
(prohNOONsyoh)
hablo
(I) speak
(AHbloh)
estudio
(I) study
(ehsTOOdthyoh)
entiendo
(I) understand
(ehnTYEHNdoh)
entendí
(I) understood
(ehntehnDEE)
Continued on next page
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99
English
Spanish
quiero
(I) want
(KYEHroh)
necesita
(he / she) needs
(nehsehSEEtah)
cuesta
(it) costs
(KWEHStah)
significa
(it) means
(seegneeFEEkah)
dice
(it) says
(DEEseh)
son
(they) are (for permanent states of being)
(sohn)
hablan
(they) speak
(AHblahn)
roban
(they) steal
(RROHbahn)
robaron
(they) stole
(rrohBAHrohn)
estamos
(we) are
(ehsTAHmohs)
podemos
(we) can
(pohDTHEHmohs)
bajamos
(we) get off
(bahHAHmohs)
está
(you) are
(ehsTAH)
estás
(you) are
(ehsTAHS)
están
(you) are
(ehsTAHN)
eres
(you) are (for permanent states of being)
(EHrehs)
Continued on next page
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100
English
Spanish
es
(you) are (for permanent states of being)
(ehs)
va a
(you) are going to
(bah ah)
podría
(you) could
(pohDTHREEah)
(you) feel
se siente
((you) yourself feel)
(seh SYEHNteh)
baja
(you) get off
(BAHhah)
me da
(you) give me
(meh dah)
me das
(you) give me
(meh dahs)
nos da
(you) give us
(nohs dah)
va
(you) go
(bah)
tiene
(you) have
(TYEHneh)
debe
(you) must
(DEHbeh)
necesita
(you) need
(nehsehSEEtah)
necesitas
(you) need
(nehsehSEEtahs)
dijo
(you) said
(DEEhoh)
habla
(you) speak
(AHblah)
estudia
(you) study
(ehsTOOdthyah)
Continued on next page
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101
English
Spanish
estudias
(you) study
(ehsTOOdthyahs)
quieres
(you) want
(KYEHrehs)
quiere
(you) want
(KYEHreh)
estadounidense
American
(ehstahdthohooneedthEHNseh)
¡Llame!
Call! [imperative]
(YAHmeh )
Canadá
Canada
(kahnahDTHAH)
canadiense
Canadian
(kahnahDTHYEHNse)
Salida de Emergencia
Emergency Exit
(sahLEEdthah deh ehmehrHEHNsyah)
inglés
English
(eenGLEHS)
¡Buen provecho!
Enjoy!
(bwehn prohBEHchoh)
¡Disculpe!
Excuse me!
(deesKOOLpeh)
¡Disculpa!
Excuse me!
(deesKOOLpah)
francés
French
(frahnSEHS)
francés
French
(frahnSEHS)
alemán
German
(ahlehMAHN)
Vaya.
Go. [imperative]
(BAHyah)
Continued on next page
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102
English
Spanish
Buenas tardes.
Good afternoon.
(BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs)
Buenos días.
Good morning.
(BWEHnohs DEEahs)
Buenas noches.
Good night.
(BWEHnahs NOchehs)
Adiós.
Goodbye.
(ahDTHYOHS)
Hola.
Hello.
(OHlah)
¡Auxilio!
Help!
(ahwksEElyoh)
yo
I
(yoh)
acepto
I accept
(ahSEHPtoh)
voy a
I am going to
(boy ah)
me llamo
I call myself
(meh YAHmoh)
me caí
I fell
(meh kahYEE)
tengo
I have
(TEHNgoh)
I was robbed!
¡Me robaron!
(They stole from me!)
(meh rrohBAHrohn)
me gustaría
I would like
(meh goostahrEEah )
Lo siento.
I'm sorry.
(loh SYEHNtoh)
italiano
Italian
(eetahLYAHnoh)
Continued on next page
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103
English
Spanish
Igualmente.
Likewise.
(eewahlMEHNteh)
mexicano
Mexican
(MEHheekahnoh)
México
Mexico
(MEHheekoh)
See you.
Nos vemos.
(We see each other.)
(nohs BEHmohs)
español
Spanish
(ehspahNYOHL)
Claro.
Sure.
(KLAHroh)
¡Muchas gracias!
Thank you very much!
(MOOchahs GRAHsyahs)
Gracias.
Thank you.
(GRAHsyahs)
Doble.
Turn. [imperative]
(DOHbleh)
Dobla.
Turn. [imperative]
(DOHblah)
¡Muy bien!
Very good!
(mwee byehn)
¡Bien hecho!
Well done!
(byehn EHchoh)
De nada.
You're welcome.
(deh NAHdthah)
un día
a day
(oon DEEah)
un poco
a little bit
(oon POHkoh)
mucho
a lot
(MOOchoh)
Continued on next page
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104
English
Spanish
un gusto
a pleasure
(oon GOOStoh)
aeropuerto
airport
(ahehrohPWEHRtoh)
solo
alone
(SOHloh)
ambulancia
ambulance
(ahmbooLAHNsyah)
y
and
(ee)
algún
any
(ahlGOON)
avenida
avenue
(ahbehNEEdthah)
espalda
back
(eehsPAHLdah)
mal
bad
(mahl)
baño
bathroom
(BAHnyoh)
cuenta
bill
(KWEHNtah)
libro
book
(LEEbroh)
aburrido
bored
(ahbooRREEdthoh)
botella
bottle
(bohTEHyah)
tráigame
bring me
(TRAYgahmeh)
hermano
brother
(ehrMAHnoh)
Continued on next page
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105
English
Spanish
efectivo
cash
(ehfehkTEEboh)
teléfono celular
cell phone
(tehLEHfohnoh sehlooLAHR)
centavos
cents
(sehnTAHbohs)
cambio
change
(KAHMbyoh)
pollo
chicken
(POHyoh)
chocolate
chocolate
(chohkohLAHteh)
clínica
clinic
(KLEEneekah)
cerca
close
(SEHRkah)
cerca
close by
(SEHRkah)
ropa
clothes
(RROHpah)
café
coffee
(kahFEH)
esquina
corner
(ehsKEEnah)
correctamente
correctly
(kohrrehktahMEHNteh)
tarjeta de crédito
credit card
(tahrHEHtah deh KREHdtheetoh)
peligro
danger
(pehLEEgroh)
tarjeta de débito
debit card
(tahrHEHtah deh DEHbeetoh)
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106
English
Spanish
postre
dessert
(POHStreh)
mareado
dizzy
(mahrehAHdthoh)
doctor
doctor
(dohkTOHR)
dólar
dollar
(DOHlahr)
ocho (8)
eight (8)
(OHchoh)
ochenta (80)
eighty (80)
(ohCHEHNtah)
once (11)
eleven (11)
(OHNseh)
embajada
embassy
(ehmbahHAHdthah)
emergencia
emergency
(ehmehrHEHNsyah)
tarde
evening
(TAHRdtheh)
cada
every
(KAHdthah)
excelente
excellent
(ehksehLEHNteh)
explicación
explanation
(ehkspleekahSYOHN)
lejos
far
(LEHhohs)
fiebre
fever
(FYEHbreh)
quince (15)
fifteen (15)
(KEENseh)
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107
English
Spanish
cincuenta (50)
fifty (50)
(seenKWEHNtah)
bien
fine
(byehn)
cinco (5)
five (5)
(SEENkoh)
quinientos (500)
five hundred (500)
(keenYEHNtohs)
siguiente
following
(seeGYEHNteh)
para
for
(PAHrah)
por
for
(pohr)
cuarenta (40)
forty (40)
(kwahREHNtah)
cuatro (4)
four (4)
(KWAHtroh)
catorce (14)
fourteen (14)
(kahTOHRseh)
libre
free
(LEEbreh)
amigos
friends
(ahMEEgohs)
de
from
(deh)
desde
from
(DEHSdtheh)
deme
give me [imperative]
(DEHmeh)
vaso
glass
(BAHsoh)
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108
English
Spanish
bueno
good
(BWEHnoh)
letra
handwriting
(LEHtrah)
pasó
happened
(pahSOH)
pasando
happening
(pahSAHNdoh)
tenga
have [imperative]
(TEHNgah)
él
he
(ehl)
cabeza
head
(kahBEHsah)
ayuda
help
(ahYOOdthah)
aquí
here
(ahKEE)
alto
high
(AHLtoh)
hospital
hospital
(ohspeeTAHL)
hotel
hotel
(ohTEHL)
hotel
hotel
(ohTEHL)
cómo
how
(KOHmoh)
cuántos
how many
(KWAHNtohs )
cuántas
how many [feminine]
(KWAHNtahs )
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109
English
Spanish
cuánto
how much
(KWAHNtoh)
esposo
husband
(ehsPOHsoh)
si
if
(see)
se acepta
is accepted
(seh ahSEHPtah)
pasa
it happens
(PAHsah)
me duele
it hurts me
(meh DWEHleh)
le duele
it hurts you
(leh DWEHleh)
te duele
it hurts you
(teh DWEHleh)
se pronuncia
it is pronounced
(seh prohNOONsyah)
trabajo
job
(trahBAHhoh)
llaves
keys
(YAHbehs)
kilómetro
kilometer
(keeLOHmehtroh)
luego
later
(LWEHgoh)
aprendiendo
learning
(ahprehnDYEHNdoh )
aprendiéndolo
learning it
(ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)
izquierda
left
(eesKYEHRdthah)
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110
English
Spanish
pierna
leg
(PYEHRnah)
perdido
lost
(pehrDTHEEdthoh)
mapa
map
(MAHpah)
mapas
maps
(MAHpahs)
carne
meat
(KAHRneh)
medicina
medicine
(mehdtheeSEEnah)
menú
menu
(mehNOO)
dinero
money
(deeNEHroh)
más
more
(mahs)
hongos
mushrooms
(OHNgohs)
deber
must
(dehBEHR)
mi
my
(mee)
mis
my [plural]
(mees)
próxima
next
(PROHkseemah)
nueve (9)
nine (9)
(NWEHbeh)
noventa (90)
ninety (90)
(nohBEHNtah)
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111
English
Spanish
no
no
(noh)
ruido
noise
(RWEEdthoh)
ninguno
none
(neenGOOnoh)
ya no
not anymore
(yah noh)
nada
nothing
(NAHdthah)
ahora
now
(ahOHrah)
de
of
(deh)
bien
okay
(byehn)
en
on
(ehn)
uno (1)
one (1)
(OOnoh)
cien (100)
one hundred (100)
(syehn)
sólo
only
(SOHloh)
dolor
pain
(dohLOHR)
pasaporte
passport
(pahsahPOHRteh)
gente
people
(HEHNteh)
perfecto
perfect
(pehrFEHKtoh)
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112
English
Spanish
pesos
pesos
(PEHsohs)
por favor
please
(pohr fahBOHR)
policía
police
(pohleeSEEah)
postal
postcard
(pohsTAHL)
practicar
practice
(prahkteeKAHR)
pronunciándolo
pronouncing it
(prohnoonSYANdohloh)
pronunciación
pronunciation
(prohnoonsyahSYOHN)
listo
ready
(LEEStoh)
repetirlo
repeat it
(rrehpehTEERloh)
restaurante
restaurant
(rrehstahwRAHNteh)
derecha
right
(dehREHchah)
sal
salt
(sahl)
salsa
sauce
(SAHLsah)
siete (7)
seven (7)
(SYEHteh)
setenta (70)
seventy (70)
(sehTEHNtah)
ella
she
(EHyah)
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113
English
Spanish
ella se llama
she calls herself
(EHyah seh YAHmah)
zapatos
shoes
(sahpAHtohs)
letrero
sign
(lehTREHroh)
señor
sir
(sehNYOHR)
hermana
sister
(ehrMAHnah)
seis (6)
six (6)
(seys)
sesenta (60)
sixty (60)
(sehSEHNtah)
despacio
slow
(dehsPAHseeoh)
despacio
slow
(dehsPAHseeoh)
refresco
soda
(rrehFREHSkoh)
algo
something
(AHLgoh)
pronto
soon
(PROHNtoh)
estación
station
(ehstahSYOHN)
estómago
stomach
(ehsTOHmahgoh)
dolor de estómago
stomachache
(dohLOHR deh ehsTOHmahgoh)
parada
stop
(pahRAHdthah)
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114
English
Spanish
tienda
store
(TYEHNdah)
derecho
straight
(dehREHchoh)
calle
street
(KAHyeh)
alumno
student
(ahLOOMnoh)
azúcar
sugar
(ahSOOkahr)
mesa
table
(MEHsah)
taxi
taxi
(TAHksee)
camiseta
tee shirt
(kahmeeSEHtah)
diez (10)
ten (10)
(dyehs)
ese
that
(EHseh)
que
that
(keh)
los Estados Unidos
the United States
(lohs ehstAHdthohs oonEEdthohs)
la parada de autobús
the bus stop
(lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS)
la oficina de turismo
the office of tourism
(lah ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh)
entonces
then
(ehnTOHNsehs)
allí
there
(ahYEE)
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115
English
Spanish
hay
there is / there are
(ay)
estos
these
(EHStohs)
ellas
they
(EHyahs)
ellos
they
(EHyohs)
trece (13)
thirteen (13)
(TREHseh)
treinta (30)
thirty (30)
(TREYNtah)
este
this
(EHSteh)
esos
those
(EHsohs)
mil (1,000)
thousand (1,000)
(meel)
tres (3)
three (3)
(trehs)
boletos
tickets
(bohLEHtohs)
tiempo
time
(TYEHMpoh)
cansado
tired
(kahnSAHdthoh)
a
to
(ah)
aceptar
to accept
(ahsehpTAHR)
estar
to be
(ehsTAHR)
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116
English
Spanish
ser
to be (for permanent states of being)
(sehr)
poder
to be able
(pohDTHEHR)
creer
to believe
(krehEHR)
traer
to bring
(trahEHR)
traerme
to bring me
(trahEHRmeh)
traernos
to bring us
(trahEHRnohs)
comprar
to buy
(kohmPRAHR)
llamar
to call
(yahMAHR)
llamarse
to call oneself
(yahMAHRseh)
costar
to cost
(kohsTAHR)
tomar
to drink
(tohMAHR)
comer
to eat
(kohMEHR)
explicar
to explain
(ehkspleeKAHR)
explicarme
to explain to me
(ehkspleeKAHRmeh)
desmayarse
to faint
(dehsmahYAHRseh)
caer
to fall
(kahEHR)
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117
English
Spanish
caerse
to fall oneself
(kahEHRseh)
sentirse
to feel oneself
(sehnTEERseh)
encontrar
to find
(ehnkohnTRAHR)
bajar
to get off
(bahHAHR)
subir
to get on
(sooBEER)
dar
to give
(dahr)
darme
to give me
(DAHRmeh)
ir
to go
(eer)
pasar
to happen
(pahSAHR)
tener
to have
(tehNEHR)
tener que
to have to
(tehNEHR keh)
escuchar
to hear
(ehskooCHAHR)
doler
to hurt
(dohLEHR)
aprender
to learn
(ahprehnDEHR)
gustar
to like
(goosTAHR)
significar
to mean
(seegneefeeKAHR)
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118
English
Spanish
conocerlo
to meet you
(kohnohSEHRloh)
conocerla
to meet you
(kohnohSEHRlah)
conocerte
to meet you
(kohnohSEHRteh)
conocer
to meet; to know
(kohnohSEHR)
necesitar
to need
(nehsehseeTAHR)
ordenar
to order
(ohrdthehNAHR)
pasar
to pass
(pahSAHR)
pagar
to pay
(pahGAHR)
pronunciar
to pronounce
(prohnoonSYAHR)
repetir
to repeat
(rrehpehTEER)
decir
to say
(dehSEER)
sentarse
to seat oneself
(sehnTAHRseh)
ver
to see
(behr)
hablar
to speak
(ahBLAHR)
robar
to steal
(rrohBAHR)
estudiar
to study
(ehstooDTHYAHR)
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119
English
Spanish
tomar
to take
(tohMAHR)
doblar
to turn
(dohBLAHR)
entender
to understand
(ehntehnDEHR)
usar
to use
(ooSAHR)
esperar
to wait
(ehspehRAHR)
querer
to want
(kehREHR)
juntos
together
(HOONtohs)
tomate
tomato
(tohMAHteh)
mañana
tomorrow
(mahNYAHnah)
también
too
(tahmBYEHN)
hacia
towards
(AHsyah)
cheque del viajero
traveler's check
(CHEHkeh dehl byaHEHroh)
doce (12)
twelve (12)
(DOHseh)
veinte (20)
twenty (20)
(BEYNteh)
dos (2)
two (2)
(dohs)
doscientos (200)
two hundred (200)
(dohsSYEHNtohs)
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120
English
Spanish
dos mil (2,000)
two thousand (2,000)
(dohs meel )
hasta
until
(AHStah)
muy
very
(mwee)
espere
wait
(ehsPEHreh)
mesero
waiter
(mehSEHroh)
mesera
waitress
(mehSEHrah )
agua
water
(AHwah)
vamos a
we are going to
(BAHmohs ah )
entendemos
we understand
(ehntehnDEHmohs)
bien
well
(byehn)
qué
what
(keh)
where
adónde
(to where)
(ahDTHOHNdeh)
dónde
where
(DOHNdeh)
esposa
wife
(ehsPOHsah)
vino
wine
(BEEnoh)
con
with
(cohn )
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121
English
Spanish
conmigo
with me
(kohnMEEgoh)
contigo
with you
(kohnTEEgoh)
sin
without
(seen)
palabra
word
(pahLAHbrah)
sí
yes
(see)
usted
you
(oosTEHDTH)
tú
you
(too)
vas a
you are going to
(bahs ah)
usted se llama
you call yourself
(oosTEHDTH seh YAHmah)
te llamas
you call yourself
(teh YAHmahs)
le gusta
you like
(leh gOOstah)
hablas
you speak
(AHblahs)
le gustaría
you would like
(leh goostahrEEah)
te gustaría
you would like
(teh goostahREEah)
tu
your
(too)
su
your
(soo)
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122
English
Spanish
sus
your [plural]
(soos)
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123
Phrase Review
English
Spanish
¡Hola! ¿Cómo está usted?
Hello! How are you?
(OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH)
¡Buenos días! Estoy bien, gracias. ¿Y
usted?
Good morning! I'm fine, thanks. And you?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ehsTOY byehn
GRAHsyahs ee oosTEHDTH)
Estoy bien también. Gracias.
I'm fine too. Thank you.
(ehsTOY byehn tahmBYEHN GRAHsyahs)
Bueno, que tenga un buen día.
Well, have a good day.
(BWEHnoh keh TEHNgah oon bwehn DEEah )
Igualmente. Adiós.
Likewise. Goodbye.
(eewahlMEHNteh ahDTHYOHS)
Hola. Buenos días.
Hello. Good morning.
(OHlah BWEHnohs DEEahs)
¿Cómo está usted?
How are you?
(KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH)
Hola, ¿cómo está usted?
Hello, how are you?
(OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH )
Hola, ¿cómo estás?
Hello, how are you?
(OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAHS)
¿Cómo está ella?
How is she?
(KOHmoh ehsTAH EHyah)
¿Cómo está él?
How is he?
(KOHmoh ehsTAH ehl)
Estoy bien.
I'm fine.
(ehsTOY byehn)
Estoy bien. Gracias.
I'm fine. Thank you.
(ehsTOY byehn GRAHsyahs)
Estoy bien. ¿Y usted?
I'm fine. And you?
(ehsTOY byehn ee oosTEHDTH)
Continued on next page
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124
English
Spanish
Estoy bien también.
I'm fine too.
(ehsTOY byehn tahmBYEHN )
Usted está cansado.
You are tired.
(oosTEHDTH ehsTAH kahnSAHdthoh)
Have a good day.
Que tenga un buen día.
(That have a good day.)
(keh TEHNgah oon bwehn DEEah)
un buen día
a good day
(oon bwehn DEEah)
Adiós. Que tenga un buen día.
Goodbye. Have a good day.
(ahDTHYOHS keh TEHNgah oon bwehn
DEEah)
Disculpe, ¿usted habla inglés?
Excuse me, do you speak English?
(deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH AHblah
eenGLEHS)
Sí hablo inglés.
Yes, I speak English.
(see AHbloh eenGLEHS)
¿Usted habla español?
Do you speak Spanish?
(oosTEHDTH AHblah ehspahNYOHL)
Hablo un poco de español.
I speak a little bit of Spanish.
(AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL)
¿De dónde es usted?
Where are you from?
(deh DOHNdeh ehs oosTEHDTH)
Soy de los Estados Unidos.
I am from the United States.
(soy deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)
¿Usted habla inglés?
Do you speak English?
(oosTEHDTH AHblah eenGLEHS)
¿Usted habla alemán?
Do you speak German?
(oosTEHDTH AHblah ahlehMAHN)
un poco de español
a little bit of Spanish
(oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL)
Sí, hablo un poco de francés.
Yes, I speak a little bit of French.
(see AHbloh oon POHkoh deh frahnSEHS)
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125
English
Spanish
Ella habla un poco de inglés.
She speaks a little bit of English.
(EHyah AHblah oon POHkoh deh eenGLEHS)
Él habla un poco de italiano.
He speaks a little bit of Italian.
(ehl AHblah oon POHkoh deh eetahLYAHnoh)
Sí, hablo francés.
Yes, I speak French.
(see AHbloh frahnSEHS)
No hablo inglés.
I don't speak English.
(noh AHbloh eenGLEHS)
¿De dónde eres?
Where are you from?
(deh DOHNdeh EHrehs)
¿De dónde son ellos?
Where are they from?
(deh DOHNdeh sohn EHyohs)
Disculpe. ¿De dónde son ellas?
Excuse me. Where are they from?
(deesKOOLpeh deh DOHNdeh sohn EHyahs)
¿De dónde es?
Where is she from?
(deh DOHNdeh ehs)
de los Estados Unidos
from the United States
(deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)
Usted es de los Estados Unidos.
You are from the United States.
(oohstEHDTH ehs deh lohs ehstAHdthohs
oonEEdthohs)
Disculpe. ¿Usted es de los Estados
Unidos?
Excuse me. Are you from the United States?
(deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH ehs deh lohs
ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)
Soy de México.
I'm from Mexico.
(soy deh MEHheekoh)
Usted es estadounidense.
You are American.
(oosTEHDTH ehs ehstahdthohooneeDTHEHNseh )
Usted es de Canadá.
You are from Canada.
(oosTEHDTH ehs deh kahnahDTHAH)
Ellos son de México.
They are from Mexico.
(EHyohs sohn deh MEHheekoh)
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126
English
Spanish
Ellos no son de México y no hablan
español.
They are not from Mexico and they don't speak
Spanish.
(EHyohs noh sohn deh MEHheekoh ee noh
AHblahn ehspahNYOHL)
Sí, hablo un poco de español. Soy de los
Estados Unidos y hablo inglés.
Yes, I speak a little bit of Spanish. I'm from the
United States and I speak English.
(see AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL
soy deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs ee
AHbloh eenGLEHS)
Hola, me llamo María.
Hi, my name is María.
(OHlah meh YAHmoh mahREEah)
¿Cómo se llama usted?
What is your name?
(KOHmoh seh YAHmah oosTEHDTH)
Me llamo Tom. Es un gusto conocerla.
My name is Tom. It's nice to meet you.
(meh YAHmoh tom ehs oon GOOStoh
kohnohSEHRlah)
Igualmente, Tom. Él es mi esposo, Carlos.
It is nice to meet you too Tom. This is my husband
Carlos.
(eewahlMEHNteh tom ehl ehs mee
ehsPOHsoh KAHRlohs)
Gusto en conocerlo.
Nice to meet you.
(GOOStoh ehn kohnohSEHRloh)
¿Cómo te llamas?
What is your name?
(KOHmoh teh YAHmahs)
¿Cómo se llama ella?
What is her name?
(KOHmoh seh YAHmah EHyah)
él se llama
he calls himself
(ehl seh YAHmah)
¿Cómo se llama?
What is his name?
(KOHmoh seh YAHmah)
My name is Tom.
Me llamo Tom.
(I call myself Tom.)
(meh YAHmoh tom)
Ella se llama María.
Her name is Maria.
(eyah seh yahmah mahREEah.)
Él se llama Carlos.
His name is Carlos.
(ehl seh YAHmah KAHRlohs)
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127
English
Spanish
ellos se llaman
they call themselves
(EHyohs seh YAHmahn)
Se llaman Carlos y María.
Their names are Carlos and María.
(seh YAHmahn KAHRlohs ee mahREEah)
No soy María. Me llamo Juana.
I'm not Maria. My name is Juana.
(noh soy mahREEah meh YAHmoh HWAHnah )
Hola, me llamo Tom y soy de los Estados
Unidos.
Hi, my name is Tom and I'm from the United
States.
(OHlah meh YAHmoh tom ee soy deh lohs
ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)
This is my husband.
Él es mi esposo.
(He is my husband.)
(ehl ehs mee ehsPOHsoh)
Mi esposo habla italiano.
My husband speaks Italian.
(mee ehsPOHsoh AHbla eetahLYAHnoh)
Él es mi hermano.
He is my brother.
(ehl ehs mee ehrMAHnoh)
Él no es mi hermano. Es mi esposo.
He's not my brother. He's my husband.
(ehl noh ehs mee ehrMAHnoh ehs mee
ehsPOHsoh)
Ella es mi hermana.
She is my sister.
(EHyah ehs mee ehrMAHnah)
Mi hermana habla un poco de inglés.
My sister speaks a little bit of English.
(mee ehrMAHnah AHblah oon POHkoh deh
eenGLEHS)
Ella es mi hermana y se llama Guadalupe.
This is my sister and her name is Guadalupe.
(EHyah ehs mee ehrMAHnah ee seh YAHmah
gwahdthahLOOpeh)
Ellos son mis amigos.
They are my friends.
(EHyohs sohn mees ahMEEgohs)
It is nice to meet you.
Es un gusto conocerlo.
(It is a pleasure to meet you.)
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRloh)
Es un gusto conocerla.
It is nice to meet you.
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRlah)
Es un gusto conocerte.
It is nice to meet you.
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRteh)
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Es un gusto conocerlo. ¡Hasta luego!
It´s nice to meet you. See you later!
(ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRteh AHStah
LWEHgoh)
Disculpe, estoy perdido.
Excuse me. I'm lost.
(deesKOOLpeh ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthoh)
¿Dónde está el baño?
Where is the bathroom?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl BAHnyoh)
El baño está un poco lejos.
The bathroom is a little far away.
(ehl BAHnyoh ehsTAH oon POHkoh LEHhohs)
Vaya derecho y luego a la izquierda.
Go straight and then to the left.
(BAHyah dehREHchoh ee LWEHgoh ah lah
eesKYEHRdthah)
¡Muchas gracias!
Thank you very much!
(MOOchahs GRAHsyahs)
De nada.
You're welcome.
(deh NAHdthah)
Estoy perdido.
I'm lost.
(ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthoh)
Buenas tardes. ¿Usted está perdida?
Good afternoon. Are you lost?
(BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs oosTEHDTH ehsTAH
pehrDTHEEdthah)
Estoy un poco aburrido, ¿y tú?
I'm a little bit bored. And you?
(ehsTOY oon POHkoh ahbooRREEdthoh ee
too)
Buenos días. ¿Estás lista?
Good morning. Are you ready?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ehsTAHS LEEStah)
Sí, estoy lista.
Yes, I'm ready.
(see ehsTOY LEEStah)
Hola, ¿estás bien?
Hi, are you okay?
(OHlah ehsTAHS byehn)
Estoy muy cansada.
I'm very tired.
(ehsTOY mwee kahnSAHdthah)
Tú estás cansada y yo estoy aburrido.
You are tired and I'm bored.
(too ehsTAHS kahnSAHdthah ee yoh ehsTOY
ahbooRREEdthoh)
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¿Dónde está el hotel?
Where is the hotel?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl hohTEHL)
Estoy perdida. ¿Dónde está el hotel?
I'm lost. Where is the hotel?
(ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthah DOHNdeh ehsTAH
ehl hohTEHL)
Disculpe, ¿dónde está el restaurante?
Excuse me, where is the restaurant?
(deesKOOLpeh DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl
rrehstahwRAHNteh)
Buenos días. ¿Dónde está la parada de
autobús?
Good morning. Where is the bus stop?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs DOHNdeh ehsTAH lah
pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS)
¿Dónde están las llaves?
Where are the keys?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAHN lahs YAHbehs)
¿Dónde están los boletos?
Where are the tickets?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAHN lohs bohLEHtohs)
en el mapa
on the map
(ehn ehl MAHpah)
¿Dónde está el restaurante en el mapa?
Where is the restaurant on the map?
(DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl rrehstahwRAHNteh
ehn ehl MAHpah)
Está un poco lejos.
It is a little bit far.
(ehsTAH oon POHkoh LEHhohs)
El hotel está muy cerca.
The hotel is very close.
(ehl hohTEHL ehsTAH mwee SEHRkah)
La parada de autobús está muy lejos.
The bus stop is very far.
(lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS ehsTAH
mwee LEHhohs)
Está lejos de aquí.
It's far from here.
(ehsTAH LEHhohs deh ahKEE)
La parada de autobús está un poco lejos
de aquí.
The bus stop is a little bit far from here.
(lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS ehsTAH
oon POHkoh LEHhohs deh ahKEE )
Está a seis kilómetros de aquí.
It's six kilometers from here.
(ehsTAH ah seys keeLOHmehtrohs deh
ahKEE)
¡Seis kilómetros es lejos!
Six kilometers is far!
(seys keeLOHmehtrohs ehs LEHhohs)
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a la izquierda
to the left
(ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
Then, go to the left.
Luego vaya a la izquierda.
(Later, go to the left.)
(LWEHgoh BAHyah ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
Vaya hacia la derecha.
Go to the right.
(BAHyah AHsyah lah dehREHchah)
Vaya hacia la derecha y luego hacia la
izquierda.
Go to the right and then to the left.
(Go towards the right and later towards the left.)
(BAHyah AHsyah lah dehREHchah ee
LWEHgoh AHsyah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
Más despacio por favor.
Slower, please.
(mahs dehsPAHsyoh pohr fahBOHR)
Hablo un poco de español. Más despacio,
por favor.
I speak a little bit of Spanish. Slower, please.
(AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL
mahs dehsPAHsyoh pohr fahBOHR )
¿Cómo puedo encontrar la embajada?
How can I find the embassy?
(KOHmoh PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR lah
ehmbahHAHdthah )
¿Cómo puedo encontrar...?
How can I find...?
(KOHmoh PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR)
Doble a la izquierda.
Turn left.
(DOHbleh ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)
Doble a la derecha y luego vaya derecho.
Turn right and then go straight.
(DOHbleh ah lah dehREHchah ee LWEHgoh
BAHyah dehREHchoh)
calle San Martín
San Martín street
(KAHyeh sahn mahrTEEN)
Doble a la izquierda en la calle San Martín.
Turn left on San Martín street.
(DOHbleh ah lah eesKYEHRdthah ehn lah
KAHyeh sahn mahrTEEN)
Está en la esquina.
It's on the corner.
(ehsTAH ehn lah ehsKEEnah)
Disculpe, soy estadounidense. ¿Cómo
puedo encontrar la oficina de turismo?
Excuse me. I'm American. How can I find the office
of tourism?
(deesKOOLpeh soy
ehstahdthohooneeDTHEHNseh KOHmoh
PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR lah ohfeeSEEnah
deh tooREESmoh)
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La oficina de turismo está muy lejos. Vaya
derecho y luego doble a la derecha en la
esquina.
The office of tourism is very far. Go straight and
then turn right at the corner.
(lah ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh ehsTAH
mwee LEHhohs BAHyah dehREHchoh ee
LWEHgoh DOHbleh ah lah dehREHchah ehn
lah ehsKEEnah)
Disculpe, ¿tiene mapas?
Excuse me. Do you have maps?
(deesKOOLpeh TYEHneh MAHpahs)
Yes, would you like to buy one?
Sí, ¿le gustaría comprar uno?
Sí, por favor. ¿Cuánto cuesta?
Yes please. How much does it cost?
(see pohr fahBOHR KWAHNtoh KWEHStah)
Cuesta ocho pesos con cincuenta
centavos.
It costs eight pesos and fifty cents.
(KWEHStah OHchoh PEHsohs kohn
seenKWEHNtah sehnTAHbohs)
Ok. Deme dos, por favor.
Ok. Give me two, please.
(ohKEY DEHmeh dohs pohr fahBOHR)
Diecisiete pesos, por favor.
Seventeen pesos, please.
(dyehseeSYEHteh PEHsohs pohr fahBOHR)
Aquí tiene.
Here you are.
(ahKEE TYEHneh)
Muchas gracias.
Thank you very much.
(MOOchahs GRAHsyahs )
De nada.
You're welcome.
(deh NAHdthah)
¿Tiene mapas?
Do you have maps?
(TYEHneh MAHpahs)
Tengo un mapa.
I have one map.
(TEHNgoh oon MAHpah)
¿Tiene dos mapas?
Do you have two maps?
(TYEHneh dohs MAHpahs)
Tengo tres postales.
I have three postcards.
(TEHNgoh trehs pohsTAHlehs)
¿Tiene más mapas?
Do you have more maps?
(TYEHneh mahs MAHpahs)
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Tengo pocas postales y pocos mapas.
I have a few postcards and a few maps.
(TEHNgoh POHkahs pohsTAHlehs ee
POHkohs MAHpahs)
Quiero más postales de México.
I want more postcards of Mexico.
(KYEHroh mahs pohsTAHlehs deh
MEHheekoh)
Tengo cuatro postales más.
I have four more postcards.
(TEHNgoh KWAHtroh pohsTAHlehs mahs)
Do you want anything else?
¿Quiere algo más?
(Do you want something more?)
(KYEHreh AHLgoh mahs)
¿Cuánto cuesta?
How much does it cost?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStah )
¿Cuánto cuestan tres boletos?
How much do three tickets cost?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn trehs bohLEHtohs)
¿Cuánto cuesta este libro?
How much does this book cost?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStah EHSteh LEEbroh)
¿Cuánto cuestan estos?
How much do these cost?
(KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn EHstohs)
¿Cuánto dinero tiene?
How much money do you have?
(KWAHNtoh deeNEHroh TYEHneh)
No tengo mucho dinero.
I don't have a lot of money.
(noh TEHNgoh MOOchoh deeNEHroh)
¿Cuántas postales quiere?
How many postcards do you want?
(KWAHNtahs pohsTAHlehs KYEHreh )
Cuesta cinco pesos con cincuenta
centavos.
It costs five pesos and fifty cents.
(It costs five pesos with fifty cents.)
(KWEHStah SEENkoh PEHsohs kohn
seenKWEHNtah sehnTAHbohs)
cinco pesos con cincuenta centavos
five pesos and fifty cents
(SEENkoh PEHsohs kohn seenKWEHNtah
sehnTAHbohs)
(five pesos with fifty cents)
Cuesta nueve pesos.
It costs nine pesos.
(KWEHStah NWEHbeh PEHsohs)
diez pesos con doce centavos
ten pesos and twelve cents
(dyehs PEHsohs kohn DOHseh sehnTAHbohs)
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once pesos con trece centavos
eleven pesos and thirteen cents
(OHNseh PEHsohs kohn TREHseh
sehnTAHbohs)
Este cuesta catorce pesos con quince
centavos.
This costs fourteen pesos and fifteen cents.
(EHSteh KWEHStah kahTOHRseh PEHsohs
kohn KEENseh sehnTAHbohs)
thirty-two (32)
treinta y dos (32)
(thirty and two (32))
(TREYNtah ee dohs)
cuarenta y cinco (45)
forty-five (45)
(kwahREHNtah ee SEENkoh)
sesenta y siete (67)
sixty-seven (67)
(sehSEHNtah ee SYEHteh)
setenta y seis (76)
seventy-six (76)
(sehTEHNtah ee seys)
ochenta y uno (81)
eighty-one (81)
(ohCHEHNtah ee OOnoh)
noventa y tres (93)
ninety-three (93)
(nohBEHNtah ee trehs)
¿Le gustaría comprar uno?
Would you like to buy one?
(leh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR OOnoh)
¿Le gustaría comprar...?
Would you like to buy...?
(leh goostahrEEah cOHmprahr)
¿Le gustaría ver estos zapatos?
Would you like to see these shoes?
(leh goostahrEEah vehr EHstohs
sahpAHtohs)
No. Me gustaría ver esos zapatos, por
favor.
No. I would like to see those shoes, please.
(noh meh goostahREEah behr EHsohs
sahPAHtohs pohr fahBOHR)
¿Te gustaría comprar esta camiseta?
Would you like to buy this tee shirt?
(teh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHStah
kahmeeSEHtah)
No me gustaría comprar esa camiseta.
I wouldn't like to buy that tee shirt.
(noh meh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHsah
kahmeeSEHtah)
clothing store
tienda de ropa
(store of clothes)
(TYEHNdah deh RROHpah)
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tienda de zapatos
shoe store
(TYEHNdah deh sahPAHtohs)
¿Te gustaría ir a la tienda de zapatos?
Would you like to go to the shoe store?
(teh goostahREEah eer ah lah TYEHNdah deh
sahPAHtohs)
Me gustaría comprar esos zapatos.
¿Cuánto cuestan?
I would like to buy those shoes. How much do they
cost?
(meh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHsohs
sahPAHtohs KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn)
¿Te gustaría comprar ropa de esa tienda?
Would you like to buy clothes from that store?
(teh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR RROHpah
deh EHsah TYEHNdah)
Deme dos, por favor.
Give me two, please.
(DEHmeh dohs pohr fahBOHR)
Deme tres mapas, por favor.
Give me three maps, please.
(DEHmeh trehs MAHpahs pohr fahBOHR)
Could you give me a book, please?
¿Me da un libro, por favor?
(You give me a book, please?)
(meh dah oon LEEbroh pohr fahBOHR)
¿Me das esos zapatos?
Could you give me those shoes?
(meh dahs EHsohs sahPAHtohs)
¿Nos da un mapa de México, por favor?
Could you give us a map of Mexico, please?
(nohs dah oon MAHpah deh MEHheekoh pohr
fahBOHR)
Buenas tardes.
Good evening.
(BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs)
¿Qué va a tomar?
What are you going to drink?
(keh bah ah tohMAHR)
Vino francés, por favor.
French wine, please.
(BEEnoh frahnSEHS pohr fahBOHR )
No hay vino francés. ¿Quiere vino italiano?
There is no French wine. Do you want Italian wine?
(noh ay BEEnoh frahnSEHS KYEHreh BEEnoh
eetahLYAHnoh)
Sí, gracias.
Yes, thank you.
(see GRAHsyahs)
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¿Está listo para ordenar?
Are you ready to order?
(ehSTAH LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
Sí. ¿Podría traerme la paella, por favor?
Yes. Could you bring me the paella, please?
(see pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh lah
pahEHyah pohr fahBOHR)
Claro.
Sure.
(KLAHroh)
ready to order
listo para ordenar
(ready for order)
(LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
María, ¿estás lista para ordenar?
María, are you ready to order?
(mahREEah ehsTAH LEEStah PAHrah
ohrdthehNAHR)
¿Están listos para ordenar?
Are you ready to order?
(ehsTAHN LEEStohs PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
¡Espere! No estoy listo para ordenar.
Wait! I'm not ready to order.
(ehsPEHreh noh ehsTOY LEEStoh PAHrah
ohrdthehNAHR)
Quiero esperar. Mis amigos no están listos
para ordenar.
I want to wait. My friends are not ready to order.
(KYEHroh ehspehRAR mees ahMEEgohs noh
ehsTAHN LEEStohs PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)
¡Ahora estamos listos para ordenar!
Now we are ready to order!
(ahOHrah ehsTAHmohs LEEStohs PAHrah
ohrdthehNAHR)
¿Podría traerme la paella?
Could you bring me the paella?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh lah pahEHyah)
¿Podría traerme...?
Could you bring me...?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh)
botella de agua
bottle of water
(bohTEHyah deh AHwah)
¿Podría traerme una botella de agua?
Could you bring me a bottle of water?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh OOnah
bohTEHyah deh AHwah)
botella de vino
bottle of wine
(bohTEHyah deh BEEnoh)
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¿Podría traernos una botella de vino
francés?
Could you bring us a bottle of French wine?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRnohs OOnah
bohTEHyah deh BEEnoh frahnSEHS)
¿Podría darme un vaso de refresco?
Could you give me a glass of soda?
(pohDTHREEah DAHRmeh oon BAHsoh deh
rrehFREHSkoh)
¿Podría traerme un poco de paella
española?
Could you bring me a little bit of Spanish paella?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon POHkoh deh
pahEHyah ehspahNYOHlah)
tomato sauce
salsa de tomate
(sauce of tomato)
(SAHLsah deh tohMAHteh)
La salsa no tiene sal. ¿Podría traerme un
poco, por favor?
The sauce doesn't have salt. Could you bring me
a little, please?
(lah SAHLsah noh TYEHneh sahl
pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon POHkoh pohr
fahBOHR)
café con azúcar
coffee with sugar
(kahFEH kohn ahSOOkahr)
¿Podría traerme un café con azúcar?
Could you bring me a coffee with sugar?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon kahFEH kohn
ahSOOkahr )
sin salsa de hongos
without mushroom sauce
(seen SAHLsah deh OHNgohs)
¿Podría traerme el pollo sin salsa de
hongos?
Could you bring me the chicken without
mushroom sauce?
(pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh ehl POHyoh seen
SAHLsah deh OHNgohs)
¿Qué va a tomar?
What are you going to drink?
(keh bah ah tohMAHR)
¿va a tomar?
are you going to drink
(bah ah tohMAHR)
Voy a tomar un refresco.
I'm going to drink a soda.
(boy ah tohMAHR oon rrehFREHSkoh)
¿Qué va a ordenar?
What are you going to order?
(keh bah ah ohrdthehNAHR)
Voy a ordenar los hongos con salsa.
I'm going to order the mushrooms with sauce.
(boy ah ohrdthehNAHR lohs OHNgohs kohn
SAHLsah)
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¿Vas a ordenar la carne?
Are you going to order the meat?
(bahs ah ohrdthehNAHR lah KAHRneh)
Espere. No voy a ordenar ahora.
Wait. I'm not going to order now.
(ehsPEHreh noh boy ah ohrdthehNAHR
ahOHrah)
Voy a comer.
I am going to eat.
(boy ah kohMEHR)
No voy a comer.
I'm not going to eat.
(noh boy ah kohMEHR)
Estoy listo para ordenar. Voy a comer la
carne con hongos.
I'm ready to order. I'm going to eat the meat with
mushrooms.
(ehsTOY LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR boy
ah kohMEHR lah KAHRneh kohn OHNgohs)
¿Va a ordenar el postre ahora?
Are you going to order dessert now?
(bah ah ohrdthehNAHR ehl POHStreh
ahOHrah)
¿Vamos a ir al restaurante italiano?
Are we going to go to the Italian restaurant?
(BAHmohs ah eer ahl rrehstahwRAHNteh
eetahLYAHnoh)
Vamos a comer el postre ahora.
We are going to eat the dessert now.
(BAHmohs ah kohMEHR ehl POHStreh
ahOHrah)
chocolate dessert
postre de chocolate
(dessert of chocolate)
(POHStreh deh chohkohLAHteh)
Voy a ordenar el postre de chocolate.
I'm going to order the chocolate dessert.
(boy ah ohrdthehNAHR ehl POHStreh deh
chohkohLAHteh )
Mesera. Tráigame la cuenta, por favor.
Waitress. Bring me the bill, please.
(mehSEHrah TRAYgahmeh lah KWEHNtah
pohr fahBOHR)
Tráigame la cuenta.
Bring me the bill.
(TRAYgahmeh lah KWEHNtah)
Mesero. Tráigame el menú, por favor.
Waiter. Bring me the menu, please.
(mehSEHroh TRAYgahmeh ehl mehNOO pohr
fahBOHR)
Quiero ver el menú, por favor.
I want to see the menu, please.
(KYEHroh behr ehl mehNOO pohr fahBOHR)
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Sure. Here you are.
Claro. Aquí tiene.
(Sure. Here you have. )
(KLAHroh ahKEE TYEHneh)
¿Hay una mesa para dos?
Is there a table for two?
(ay OOnah MEHsah PAHrah dohs)
¿Hay una mesa?
Is there a table?
(ay OOnah MEHsah)
una mesa para dos
a table for two
(OOnah MEHsah PAHrah dohs)
Buenos días. ¿Hay una mesa para cuatro,
por favor?
Good morning. Is there a table for four, please?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ay OOnah MEHsah
PAHrah KWAHtroh pohr fahBOHR)
¿Hay un baño aquí?
Is there a bathroom here?
(ay oon BAHnyoh ahKEE)
Hay mucha gente en este restaurante.
There are a lot of people in this restaurant.
(ay MOOchah HEHNteh ehn EHSteh
rrehstahwRAHNteh)
Lo siento. No hay refrescos.
I'm sorry. There aren't any sodas.
(loh SYEHNtoh noh ay rrehFREHSkohs)
No hay más.
There isn't any more.
(noh ay mahs)
No hay más café. Lo siento.
There isn't any more coffee. I'm sorry.
(noh ay mahs kahFEH loh SYEHNtoh)
Buenos días. ¿Adónde va?
Good morning. Where are you going?
(BWEHnohs DEEahs ahDTHOHNdeh bah)
Voy a la calle San Martín. ¿Cuánto es
desde aquí?
I'm going to San Martín Street. How much is it
from here?
(boy ah lah KAHyeh sahn mahrTEEN
KWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ahKEE)
Son ciento diez pesos.
It's one hundred ten pesos.
(sohn SYEHNtoh dyehs PEHsohs)
Bueno. Vamos.
Well, let's go.
(BWEHnoh BAHmohs)
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Bajo aquí. ¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de
crédito?
I'm getting off here. Can I pay with credit card?
(BAHhoh ahKEE PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn
tahrHEHtah deh KREHdtheetoh)
Disculpe pero no acepto tarjetas de
crédito.
I'm sorry but I do not accept credit cards.
(deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh
tahrHEHtahs deh KREHdtheetoh)
Bueno. Aquí tiene mil pesos.
Ok. Here you have one thousand pesos.
(BWEHnoh ahKEE TYEHneh meel PEHsohs)
Aquí tiene su cambio.
Here's your change.
(ahKEE TYEHneh soo KAHMbyoh)
Gracias. Adiós.
Thank you. Goodbye.
(GRAHsyahs ahDTHYOHS)
Where are you going?
¿Adónde va?
(To where do you go?)
(ahDTHOHNdeh bah)
¿Adónde tiene que ir?
Where do you have to go?
(ahDTHOHNdeh TYEHneh keh eer)
Tengo que tomar un taxi. ¿Adónde puedo
ir?
I have to take a taxi. Where can I go?
(TEHNgoh keh tohMAHR oon TAHksee
ahDTHOHNdeh PWEHdthoh eer)
Este taxi está libre. ¿Adónde quiere ir?
This taxi is available. Where do you want to go?
(EHSteh TAHksee ehsTAH LEEbreh
ahDTHOHNdeh KYEHreh eer)
(This taxi is free. To where do you want to go?)
Estoy libre esta tarde. ¿Adónde quieres ir?
I'm free this evening. Where do you want to go?
(ehsTOY LEEbreh EHStah TAHRdtheh
ahDTHOHNdeh KYEHrehs eer )
Buenos días, señor. ¿Adónde quiere ir?
Good morning, sir. Where do you want to go?
(bwEHnohs dEEahs sehnyOHr ahdOHndeh
keeEHreh eer )
¿Cuánto es desde aquí?
How much is it from here?
(KWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ahKEE)
How much is it to there?
¿Cuánto es hasta allí?
(How much is it until there?)
(KWAHNtoh ehs AHStah ahYEE)
¿Cuánto es desde el aeropuerto hasta el
hotel?
How much is it from the airport to the hotel?
(KWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ehl
ahehrohPWEHRtoh AHStah ehl hohTEHL)
¿Cuánto es hasta la avenida San Juan?
How much is it to San Juan Avenue?
(KWAHNtoh ehs AHStah lah ahbehNEEdthahh
san hwahn)
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Voy hasta la estación. ¿Cuánto es desde
aquí?
I'm going to the station. How much is it from
here?
(boy AHStah lah ehstahSYOHN KWAHNtoh
ehs DEHSdtheh ahKEE)
(I go until the station. How much is it from here?)
Bajo aquí.
I'm getting off here.
(BAHhoh ahKEE)
Bajamos aquí. ¿Puede esperar, por favor?
We get off here. Can you wait, please?
(bahHAHmohs ahKEE PWEHdtheh
ehspehRAHR pohr fahBOHR)
¿Dónde tiene que bajar?
Where do you have to get off?
(DOHNdeh TYEHneh keh bahHAHR)
at the next stop
en la próxima parada
(on the next stop)
(ehn lah PROHkseemahh pahRAHdthah)
¿Baja en la próxima parada?
Do you get off at the next stop?
(BAHhah ehn lah PROHkseemahh
pahRAHdthah)
No. I get off at the following one.
No. Bajo en la siguiente.
(No. I get off on the following.)
(noh BAHhoh ehn lah seeGYEHNteh)
Puedo subir en la próxima parada.
I can get on at the next stop.
(PWEHdthoh sooBEER ehn lah
PROHkseemahh pahRAHdthah)
¿Puedo subir aquí?
Can I get on here?
(PWEHdthoh sooBEER ahKEE)
¿Dónde tengo que subir?
Where do I have to get on?
(DOHNdeh TEHNgoh keh sooBEER)
ciento diez (110)
one hundred ten (110)
(SYEHNtoh dyehs)
ciento diez pesos
one hundred ten pesos
(SYEHNtoh dyehs PEHsohs)
Do you have change for a hundred?
¿Tiene cambio de cien?
(Do you have change of a hundred?)
(TYEHneh KAHMbyoh deh syehn)
ciento cinco (105)
one hundred five (105)
(SYEHNtoh SEENcoh)
doscientos veintidós (222)
two hundred twenty-two (222)
(dohsSYEHNtohs beynteeDTHOHS)
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trescientos cuarenta (340)
three hundred forty (340)
(trehsSYEHNtohs kwahREHNtah)
cuatrocientos sesenta y siete (467)
four hundred sixty-seven (467)
(kwahtrohSYEHNtohs sehSEHNtah ee
SYEHteh)
Disculpe, no tengo cambio de quinientos.
I'm sorry. I don't have change for five hundred.
(deesKOOLpeh noh TEHNgoh KAHMbyoh deh
keenYEHNtohs)
quinientos noventa y uno (591)
five hundred ninety-one (591)
(keenYEHNtohs nohBEHNtah ee OOnoh)
seiscientos once (611)
six hundred eleven (611)
(seysSYEHNtohs OHNseh)
setecientos ochenta y cinco (785)
seven hundred eighty-five (785)
(sehtehSYEHNtohs ohCHEHNtah ee SEENcoh)
ochocientos cincuenta y nueve (859)
eight hundred fifty-nine (859)
(ohchohSYEHNtohs seenKWEHNtah ee
NWEHbeh)
Son novecientos cuarenta y ocho pesos,
por favor.
It's nine hundred forty-eight pesos, please.
(sohn nohbehSYEHNtohs kwahREHNtah ee
OHchoh PEHsohs pohr fahBOHR)
¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crédito?
Can I pay with a credit card?
(PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn tahrHEHtah deh
KREHdtheetoh)
No puedo pagar con tarjeta de débito.
I can't pay with debit card.
(noh PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn tahrHEHtah
deh DEHbeetoh)
¿Puedo usar mi tarjeta de crédito aquí?
Can I use my credit card here?
(PWEHdthoh ooSAHR mee tahrHEHtah deh
KREHdtheetoh ahKEE)
Voy a usar mis cheques del viajero.
I'm going to use my traveler's checks.
(boy ah ooSAHR mees CHEHkehs dehl
byaHEHroh)
Disculpe. No puede usar sus cheques del
viajero aquí.
I'm sorry. You can't use your traveler's checks
here.
(deesKOOLpeh noh PWEHdtheh ooSAHR
soos CHEHkehs dehl byaHEHroh ahKEE)
No tengo efectivo. ¿Puedo pagar con mi
tarjeta de débito?
I don't have cash. Can I pay with my debit card?
(noh TEHNgoh ehfehkTEEboh PWEHdthoh
pahGAHR kohn mee tahrHEHtah deh
DEHbeetoh)
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Puedo usar mi tarjeta de crédito aquí.
I can use my credit card here.
(PWEHdthoh ooSAHR mee tahrHEHtah deh
KREHdtheetoh ahKEE)
Disculpe pero no acepto...
I´m sorry but I don´t accept...
(deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh)
Acepto tarjetas de crédito pero no acepto
cheques del viajero.
I accept credit cards but I don't accept traveler's
checks.
(ahSEHPtoh tahrHEHtahs deh KREHdtheetoh
PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh CHEHkehs dehl
byaHEHroh)
Sólo se acepta efectivo.
Only cash is accepted.
(SOHloh seh ahSEHPtah ehfehkTEEboh )
No se aceptan tarjetas de crédito en este
taxi.
Credit cards are not accepted in this taxi.
(noh seh ahSEHPtahn tahrHEHtahs deh
KREHdtheetoh ehn EHSteh TAHksee)
¿Se aceptan cheques del viajero aquí?
Are traveler's checks accepted here?
(seh ahSEHPtahn CHEHkehs dehl byaHEHroh
ahKEE)
No. Pero se aceptan dólares y pesos.
No. But dollars and pesos are accepted.
(noh PEHroh seh ahSEHPtahn DOHlahrehs ee
PEHsohs)
Here you are one thousand pesos.
Aquí tiene mil pesos.
(Here you have one thousand pesos.)
(ahKEE TYEHneh meel PEHsohs)
dos mil quinientos noventa y tres (2,593)
two thousand five hundred ninety-three (2,593)
(dohs meel keenYEHNtohs nohBEHNtah ee
trehs)
tres mil (3,000)
three thousand (3,000)
(trehs meel)
¿Puedo pagar con tres mil dólares?
Can I pay with three thousand dollars?
(PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn trehs meel
DOHlahrehs)
cuatro mil novecientos sesenta y cinco
(4,965)
four thousand nine hundred sixty-five (4,965)
(KWAHtroh meel nohbehSYEHNtohs
sehSEHNtah ee SEENcoh)
cinco mil (5,000)
five thousand (5,000)
(SEENcoh meel)
cinco mil cuatrocientos setenta y uno
(5,471)
five thousand four hundred seventy-one (5,471)
(SEENcoh meel kwahtrohSYEHNtohs
sehTEHNtah ee OOnoh)
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seis mil cuarenta y ocho (6,048)
six thousand forty-eight (6,048)
(seys meel kwahREHNtah ee OHchoh)
siete mil (7,000)
seven thousand (7,000)
(SYEHteh meel)
ocho mil tres (8,003)
eight thousand three (8,003)
(OHchoh meel trehs)
nueve mil quinientos trece (9,513)
nine thousand five hundred thirteen (9,513)
(NWEHbeh meel keenYEHNtohs TREHseh)
¿Qué pasa?
What´s wrong?
(keh PAHsah)
No me siento bien. Creo que tengo fiebre
alta.
I don't feel well. I think I have a high fever.
(noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn KREHoh keh
TEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)
¿Le duele algo?
Does something hurt?
(leh DWEHleh AHLgoh)
Si. Me duele la cabeza.
Yes. My head hurts.
(see meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah)
¿Hay un hospital cerca?
Is there a hospital close by?
(ay oon ohspeeTAHL SEHRkah)
No. ¿Quiere que llame a un taxi?
No. Do you want me to call a taxi?
(noh KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah oon TAHksee)
Sí, por favor.
Yes, please.
(see pohr fahBOHR)
No pasa nada. Estoy bien.
Nothing is wrong. I'm fine.
(noh PAHsah NAHdthah ehsTOY byehn)
¿Está bien? ¿Qué pasó?
Are you okay? What happened?
(ehsTAH byehn keh pahSOH)
¿Qué está pasando?
What's happening?
(keh ehsTAH pahSAHNdoh)
¿Qué pasa contigo?
What's wrong with you?
(keh PAHsah kohnTEEgoh)
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What happened to you?
¿Qué pasó contigo?
(What happened with you?)
(keh pahSOH kohnTEEgoh)
What's going on with me?
¿Qué está pasando conmigo?
(What's happening with me?)
(keh ehsTAH pahSAHNdoh kohnMEEgoh)
Me caí. Pero no pasó nada, estoy bien.
I fell. But nothing happened. I'm fine.
(meh kahEE PEHroh noh pahSOH NAHdthah
ehsTOY byehn)
I don't feel well.
No me siento bien.
(I myself don't feel well.)
(noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn)
Me siento bien.
I feel well.
(meh SYEHNtoh byehn)
Me siento bien. No estoy cansado.
I feel well. I'm not tired.
(meh SYEHNtoh byehn noh ehsTOY
kahnSAHdthoh)
¡Me siento mareada!
I feel dizzy!
(meh SYEHNtoh mahrehAHdthah)
¿Cómo se siente?
How do you feel?
(KOHmoh seh SYEHNteh)
¿Se siente bien?
Do you feel okay?
(seh SYEHNteh byehn)
Me siento mal.
I feel bad.
(meh SYEHNtoh mahl)
Creo que tengo fiebre alta.
I believe that I have a high fever.
(KREHoh keh TEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)
Creo que tengo...
I believe that I have...
(KREHoh keh TEHNgoh)
Tengo fiebre alta.
I have a high fever.
(TEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)
Creo que tiene dolor de estómago.
I believe that he has a stomachache.
(KREHoh keh TYEHneh dohLOHR deh
ehsTOHmahgoh)
dolor de cabeza
headache
(dohLOHR deh kahBEHsah)
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No tengo dolor de cabeza. Estoy bien
ahora.
I don't have a headache. I'm okay now.
(noh TEHNgoh dohLOHR deh kahBEHsah
ehsTOY byehn ahOHrah)
¡Auxilio! ¡Creo que va a desmayarse!
Help! I believe he is going to faint!
(ahwksEElyoh KREHoh keh bah ah
dehsmahYAHRseh)
My head hurts.
Me duele la cabeza.
(The head hurts me. )
(meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah)
No me siento bien. Me duele el estómago.
I don't feel well. My stomach hurts.
(noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn meh DWEHleh ehl
ehsTOHmahgoh)
¿Qué le duele?
What hurts?
(keh leh DWEHleh)
¡Me duele la espalda!
My back hurts!
(meh DWEHleh lah ehsPAHLdah )
¿Dónde le duele?
Where does it hurt?
(DOHNdeh leh DWEHleh)
Ya no me duele la cabeza. ¡Ahora me
duele la espalda!
My head doesn't hurt anymore. Now, my back
hurts!
(yah noh meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah
ahOHrah meh DWEHleh lah ehsPAHLdah)
¿Le duele la pierna?
Does your leg hurt?
(leh DWEHleh lah PYEHRnah)
No. Ya no me duele la pierna.
No. My leg doesn't hurt anymore.
(noh yah noh meh DWEHleh lah PYEHRnah)
¿Te duele el estómago?
Does your stomach hurt?
(teh DWEHleh ehl ehsTOHmahgoh)
No. Ya no.
No. Not anymore.
(noh yah noh)
Do you want me to call a doctor?
¿Quiere que llame a un doctor?
(Do you want that I call to a doctor?)
(KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah oon dohkTOHR)
Do you want me to call?
¿Quiere que llame?
(You want that I call?)
(KYEHreh keh YAHmeh)
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¡Llame a un doctor!
Call a doctor!
(YAHmeh ah oon dohkTOHR)
Es una emergencia. ¡Llame a un doctor!
It is an emergency. Call a doctor!
(ehs OOnah ehmehrHEHNsyah YAHmeh ah
oon dohkTOHR)
¿Quiere que llame a la policía?
Do you want me to call the police?
(KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah lah pohleeSEEah)
No llame a la policía. No es una
emergencia.
Don't call the police. It is not an emergency.
(noh YAHmeh ah lah pohleeSEEah noh ehs
OOnah ehmehrHEHNsyah)
Me robaron mi pasaporte. ¡Llame a la
policía!
They stole my passport. Call the police!
(meh rrohBAHrohn mee pahsahPOHRteh
YAHmeh ah lah pohleeSEEah)
¡Necesito una ambulancia!
I need an ambulance!
(nehsehSEEtoh OOnah ahmbooLAHNsyah)
¿Necesitas tomar tu medicina?
Do you need to take your medicine?
(nehsehSEEtahs tohMAHR too
mehdtheeSEEnah)
¿Está bien? ¿Qué necesita?
Is he ok? What does he need?
(ehsTAH byehn keh nehsehSEEtah)
Mi esposo está mareado. Necesita
sentarse.
My husband is dizzy. He needs to sit down.
(mee ehsPOHsoh ehsTAH mahrehAHdthoh
nehsehSEEtah sehnTAHRseh)
Me siento mareada. ¿Hay algún doctor
aquí?
I feel dizzy. Are there any doctors here?
(meh SYEHNtoh mahrehAHdthah ay ahlGOON
dohkTOHR ahKEE)
Sí. ¡Necesito que llame a una ambulancia!
Yes. I need you to call an ambulance!
(see nehsehSEEtoh keh YAHmeh ah OOnah
ahmbooLAHNsyah)
un hospital cerca
a hospital close by
(oon ohspeeTAHL SEHRkah)
Me siento mal. ¿Hay alguna clínica cerca?
I feel bad. Are there any clinics close by?
(meh SYEHNtoh mahl ay ahlGOOnah
KLEEneekah SEHRkah)
¿Hay algún doctor aquí?
Are there any doctors here?
(ay ahlGOON dohkTOHR ahKEE)
No. There aren't any.
No. No hay ninguno.
(No. There aren't none.)
(noh noh ay neenGOOnoh)
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No hay ninguna clínica cerca.
There aren't any clinics close by.
(noh ay neenGOOnah KLEEneekah SEHRkah)
There aren't any doctors. Should I call an
ambulance?
No hay ningún doctor. ¿Llamo a la
ambulancia?
(There aren't none doctor. I call to the
ambulance?)
(noh ay neenGOON dohkTOHR YAHmoh ah
lah ahmbooLAHNsyah)
Disculpe, ¿qué dice este letrero?
Excuse me, what does this sign say?
(deesKOOLpeh keh DEEseh EHSteh
lehTREHroh)
Dice "No pasar".
It says "Do not enter."
(DEEseh noh pahSAHR)
No entiendo. ¿Puede repetirlo, por favor?
I don't understand. Can you repeat it, please?
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh PWEHdtheh
rrehpehTEERloh pohr fahBOHR)
Dice "No Pasar".
It says "Do not enter."
(DEEseh noh pahSAHR)
Bueno, gracias por su ayuda.
Well, thank you for your help.
(BWEHnoh GRAHsyahs pohr soo
ahYOOdthah)
De nada.
You are welcome.
(deh NAHdthah)
No entiendo.
I don't understand.
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh)
No entiendo. ¿Puede hablar más
despacio?
I don't understand. Can you speak slower?
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh PWEHdtheh ahBLAHR
mahs dehsPAHseeoh)
Más alto, por favor. No entiendo.
Louder, please. I don't understand.
(mahs AHLtoh pohr fahBOHR noh
ehnTYEHNdoh)
¡No entiendo la letra!
I don't understand the handwriting!
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh lah LEHtrah)
No entiendo esta palabra.
I don't understand this word.
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh EHStah pahLAHbrah)
El letrero dice "Salida de Emergencia".
The sign says "Emergency Exit."
(ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh sahLEEdthah deh
ehmehrHEHNseeah)
el letrero dice
the sign says
(ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh)
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El letrero dice "Peligro. No pasar".
The sign says "Danger. Do not enter."
(ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh pehLEEgroh noh
pahSAHR)
No entendí. ¿Qué dijo?
I didn't understand. What did you say?
(noh ehntehnDEE keh DEEhoh)
No entiendo italiano. ¿Qué dijo?
I don't understand Italian. What did he say?
(noh ehnTYEHNdoh eetahLYAHnoh keh
DEEhoh)
¿Puede repetirlo?
Can you repeat it?
(PWEHdtheh rrehpehTEERloh)
No escuché bien. ¿Puede repetirlo, por
favor?
I didn't hear well. Can you repeat it, please?
(noh ehskooCHEH byehn PWEHdtheh
rrehpehTEERloh pohr fahBOHR)
Hay mucho ruido aquí. ¿Puede repetirlo?
There's a lot of noise here. Can you repeat it?
(ay MOOchoh RWEEdthoh ahKEE PWEHdtheh
rrehpehTEERloh)
No entendí eso. ¿Puede repetirlo?
I didn't understand that. Can you repeat it?
(noh ehntehnDEE EHsoh PWEHdtheh
rrehpehTEERloh)
¿Qué significa?
What does it mean?
(keh seegneeFEEkah)
¿Qué significa esto?
What does this mean?
(keh seegneeFEEkah EHStoh)
Esto significa que no puede pasar.
This means that you can't enter.
(EHStoh seegneeFEEkah keh noh PWEHdtheh
pahSAHR)
¿Qué significa esta palabra?
What does this word mean?
(keh seegneeFEEkah EHStah pahLAHbrah)
¿Esta palabra significa peligro?
Does this word mean danger?
(EHStah pahLAHbrah seegneeFEEkah
pehLEEgroh)
¿Eso significa que no puedo usar mi
teléfono celular?
Does that mean that I can't use my cell phone?
(EHsoh seegneeFEEkah keh noh PWEHdthoh
ooSAHR mee tehLEHfohnoh sehlooLAHR)
No significa nada.
It means nothing.
(noh seegneeFEEkah NAHdthah)
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Gracias por explicarme esto.
Thank you for explaining this to me.
(GRAHsyahs pohr ehkspleeKAHRmeh EHStoh)
explaining this to me
explicarme esto
(to explain this to me)
(ehkspleeKAHRmeh EHStoh)
Gracias por explicarme esta palabra.
Thank you for explaining this word to me.
(GRAHsyahs pohr ehkspleeKAHRmeh EHStah
pahLAHbrah)
Gracias por la explicación.
Thank you for the explanation.
(GRAHsyahs pohr lah ehkspleekahSYOHN)
¡Ahora entiendo! Gracias por su tiempo.
I understand now! Thank you for your time.
(¡ahOHrah ehnTEHNdoh! GRAHsyahs pohr
soo TYEHMpoh. )
Sí, entendemos. Gracias por su ayuda.
Yes, we understand. Thanks for your help.
(see ehntehnDEHmohs GRAHsyahs pohr soo
ahYOOdthah)
Disculpe, ¿cómo se pronuncia esta
palabra?
Excuse me. How is this word pronounced?
(deesKOOLpeh KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah
EHStah pahLAHbrah)
"Estacionamiento".
"Estacionamiento."
(ehstahsyohnahMYEHNtoh)
"Estacionamiento" ¿Está bien?
"Estacionamiento." Is that ok?
(ehstahsyohnahMYEHNtoh ehsTAH byehn)
Perfecto. ¡Usted es bueno con el español!
Perfect. You are good at Spanish!
(pehrFEHKtoh oosTEHDTH ehs BWEHnoh
kohn ehl ehspahNYOHL)
Oh, no. Estoy aprendiéndolo.
Oh, no. I'm learning it.
(oh noh ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)
Usted debe ser un buen alumno entonces.
You must be a good student then.
(oosTEHDTH DEHbeh sehr oon bwehn
ahLOOMnoh ehnTOHNsehs)
Bueno, estudio un poco cada día.
Well, I study a bit each day.
(BWEHnoh ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh
KAHdthah DEEah)
Estoy aprendiendo español.
I'm learning Spanish.
(ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh ehspahNYOHL)
¿Está aprendiendo italiano?
Are you learning Italian?
(ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoh eetahLYAHnoh )
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150
English
Spanish
Sí, estoy aprendiéndolo.
Yes, I'm learning it.
(see ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)
No estoy aprendiendo italiano.
I'm not learning Italian.
(noh ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh
eetahLYAHnoh)
Estoy aprendiendo español. ¿Podemos
hablar en español?
I'm learning Spanish. Can we speak in Spanish?
(ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh ehspahNYOHL
pohDTHEHmohs ahBLAHR ehn ehspahNYOHL)
¡Claro! Podemos hablar en español si
quiere.
Sure! We can speak in Spanish if you want.
(KLAHroh pohDTHEHmohs ahBLAHR ehn
ehspahNYOHL see KYEHreh)
Si quieres podemos aprender juntos.
If you want, we can learn together.
(see KYEHrehs pohDTHEHmohs ahprehnDEHR
HOONtohs)
¿Cómo se pronuncia esta palabra?
How is this word pronounced?
(KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah EHStah
pahLAHbrah)
¿Cómo se pronuncia?
How is it pronounced?
(KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah)
¿Cómo pronuncio esta palabra?
How do I pronounce this word?
(KOHmoh prohNOONsyoh EHStah
pahLAHbrah)
¿Estoy pronunciando esta palabra
correctamente?
Am I pronouncing this word correctly?
(ehsTOY prohnoonSYAHNdoh EHStah
pahLAHbrah kohrrehktahMEHNteh)
No está pronunciándolo bien.
You are not pronouncing it well.
(noh ehsTAH prohnoonSYANdohloh byehn)
¿Está aprendiendo a hablar español?
Are you learning to speak Spanish?
(ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoh ah ahBLAHR
ehspahNYOHL)
Sí. ¿Estoy pronunciándolo correctamente?
Yes. Am I pronouncing it correctly?
(see ehsTOY prohnoonSYANdohloh
kohrrehktahMEHNteh)
¡Su pronunciación es perfecta!
Your pronunciation is perfect!
(soo prohnoonsyahSYOHN ehs pehrFEHKtah)
¡Tu pronunciación es excelente!
Your pronunciation is excellent!
(too prohnoonsyahSYOHN ehs
ehksehLEHNteh)
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151
English
Spanish
¡Excelente trabajo! Bien hecho.
Excellent job! Well done.
(ehksehLEHNteh trahBAHhoh byehn EHchoh)
¡Muy bien hecho!
Very well done!
(mwee byehn EHchoh)
Estudio un poco cada día.
I study a little bit every day.
(ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh KAHdthah
DEEah)
Estudio un poco.
I study a little bit.
(ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh)
No. Sólo un poco cada día.
No. Only a little bit every day.
(noh SOHloh oon POHkoh KAHdthah DEEah)
Debe ser un buen alumno entonces.
You must be a good student then.
(DEHbeh sehr oon bwehn ahLOOMnoh
ehnTOHNsehs)
Debe ser un alumno.
You must be a student.
(DEHbeh sehr oon ahLOOMnoh)
un buen alumno
a good student
(oon bwehn ahLOOMnoh)
Su español es muy bueno.
Your Spanish is very good.
(soo ehspahNYOHL ehs mwee BWEHnoh)
Debe practicar más.
You must practice more.
(DEHbeh prahkteeKAHR mahs)
Debo practicar más entonces.
I must practice more then.
(DEHboh prahkteeKAHR mahs ehnTOHNsehs)
¿Puedo hablar español con usted
entonces?
Can I speak Spanish with you then?
(PWEHdthoh ahBLAHR ehspahNYOHL kohn
oosTEHDTH ehnTOHNsehs)
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152
Cultural Notes
"Good afternoon" (Buenas tardes) is used from 12 p.m. all the way until around 7 p.m.
In Spanish, Buenas noches can be used as both a greeting and a farewell.
In most Spanish speaking countries when entering a home it is customary to greet everyone in the room
by shaking his or her hand when you enter. It is also customary for two women, or a man and a woman
who know each other well, to kiss on the cheek.
The number of English/Spanish bilinguals in Mexico is increasing. Over the past couple of years, a great
number of schools have incorporated many English courses. On the other hand, a lot of indigenous
dialects spoken in the country have been losing speakers.
In many countries in Latin America people are very friendly towards foreigners. Don't be surprised if they
approach you to say hi and ask questions about where you are from and what you're doing in their
country.
María is one of the most common names in Spanish. It is a Catholic name that makes reference to the
Virgin Mary. The use of biblical names is very common in Spanish speaking countries. For example, a
common male name is Jesús which means Jesus.
Other popular male names in Spanish are: Pedro, Juan and José which also have biblical origins. For
females, Guadalupe, Claudia and Laura are among the most common names.
Introducing people is very important for Spanish speakers in Latin America. You should always remember
to introduce everyone to each other. It is considered bad manners if you don't.
In many Spanish speaking countries you will likely see signs that read, "W.C." This stands for "wash
closet." Also, in most Latin American countries, bathrooms have a drawing attached to the doors that
clearly identifies the men's and women's rooms. For example, a pipe might identify the men's room, and
a hand-held fan, the ladies' room. However, sometimes they only use a sign that says caballeros
(gentlemen) and damas (ladies).
Sometimes there may be a small fee to enter public restrooms. It is also a good idea to carry your own
toilet tissue as bathroom attendants will only give you a certain amount. Both in public restrooms and in
people's homes, flushing toilet paper causes problems in the sewer system. Throw the paper into the
small trash can provided.
Public Transportation is a good way to move around in most Latin American cities. There are city buses
(autobuses), subways (metro), vans (camionetas), and taxis. Many of these modes of transportation
are cheap. However, walking is the cheapest and most popular way to explore a new city.
The different forms of public transportation are called by different names depending on which Latin
American country you are in. In Mexico you may hear camión, colectivo, or urbano for buses. Public
vans in Mexico are called peseras, micros , or combis. La guagua is a famous name for the bus in
Cuba, while lanchones is used in Peru.
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153
Exploring a new city is sometimes exciting and scary at the same time. Don't be afraid to ask the locals
for help. You will find that people are usually friendly when you ask for directions. Also, remember that
most cities in Latin America are walkable, and you'll see that places are not very far away.
There are many beautiful places to visit in Latin America. There are famous archeological sites such as
Palenque, and Chichén Itzá in Mexico; Peten in Guatemala; or Machu Picchu in Peru. There are also
many beautiful mountains, parks, and beaches like Cancún in Mexico; El Salto de Ángel in Venezuela;
La Catedral de Sal in Bogota; or Las Torres del Paine in Chile.
When buying products from a salesperson on the streets of Mexico and other Latin American countries, it
is common to negotiate the price. You can get a good discount if you make the seller believe that you
are very interested in their product, but that you think it is too expensive. In Spanish, this is called
regatear (to bargain).
Did you know that although pesos are used in many Latin American countries, it is not the only currency
of Latin America? Costa Rica, for example, uses colones (named after Christopher Columbus); Perú
uses soles; Guatemala uses quetzales; Honduras uses lempiras; Bolivia uses bolivianos, and there
are even more.
In many areas of Latin America bartering (trueque) is still a common practice.
Stores in Mexico usually open around 10:00 a.m. and close late in the evening, around 8:00 p.m. Some
of them may have a small break between 2:00 and 4:00p.m. for lunch.
Even though many countries like Mexico have big department stores, there are still lots of small stores
and markets where you can buy all kinds of groceries. Be sure to ask the locals about their markets.
In Mexico, there are special markets known as tianguis. The word comes from the indigenous language
Nahuatl , and means "they are only in town for one day." The concept is similar to a free market and
you can basically find all kinds of tianguis. There are different ones for food, groceries, clothes, furniture,
books, pets, and even cars. You will be surprised by the things you can find there!
You will find that the menus in many Latin American countries are generally divided into entradas
(starters), plato principal (main course), bebidas (drinks) and postres (desserts). If you choose to
eat out you may find it interesting to try the plato del día literally, "plate of the day" and, if you like to
enjoy your meal surrounded by nature, you can go to restaurants that have comidas para llevar
(take-out food).
Paella is a very popular dish in Spain and southern Latin American countries like Argentina. Its main
ingredients are rice, vegetables and sea-food (such as lobster and shrimp). Some paellas are also
cooked with meat or chicken but all of them have saffron, the ingredient that gives the paella its
characteristic color.
Each country in South America has a unique cuisine due to the different history, geography, and culture
that each of them possess. The result is a wide variety of traditions and flavors. So, if you like chicken,
meat, or pasta you will find plenty of choices that will satisfy you. Don't worry if you are vegetarian! Many
native foods are elaborated with vegetables and different herbs.
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Did you know that the seeds of chocolate were discovered 2,000 years ago in America? The first people
known to have tasted the chocolate were the ancient cultures of Mexico and Central America. The seeds
of chocolate were then taken to Spain and used in a wide variety of recipes. It was at that moment that
its popularity was spread throughout Europe and it still remains as one of the world's favorite flavors.
In Latin America it is very common to use the expression "buen provecho" which roughly translates to,
"enjoy your meal." But be careful! Common does not mean correct! Consequently, try to avoid it if you
are having a formal meal.
Traveling by taxi may be one of the cheapest ways of getting around in Latin America. However, if you
are planning to use a taxi, always remember to take authorized taxis with all the familiar markings (like a
yellow car with the white taxi light on the roof). And if you are at the airport or important bus station, it is
a good idea to buy your ticket from a clearly marked taxi booth.
Always remember to research your destination before leaving and, as you are packing, think twice about
the valuables you need to take! It is always recommended not to travel with things that you won't use.
The use of credit and debit cards is really convenient, but don't forget to have a back-up plan in case you
lose your card (or have it swallowed by an ATM). It is always a good idea to travel with some traveler's
checks or a small amount of cash, just in case.
When dealing with numbers, pay attention to the use of commas and periods. Some countries in Latin
America, like Argentina for example, use periods instead of commas to separate thousands, and they
also use commas instead of periods to mark the decimal units. So, in Argentina 5,000 would be 5.000
and 29.99 would be 29,99.
In Latin America, emergency telephone numbers are usually a three-digit number that may differ from
country to country. In Mexico, depending on where you are you will dial 066, 060 or 080 for emergency
services. And, the emergency numbers in Guatemala are 110, 120 and 123. So, be sure to look for the
number before entering a country and to have it on hand, just in case.
Traveling may be an extremely interesting and joyful experience but, did you know that the chances of
contracting illnesses increase when traveling? Therefore, you should be prepared for such risks and seek
appropriate advice before leaving your country. Ask your doctor for medicines you may need to take with
you and whether there is a particular tablet or shot you are required to take before entering the country.
South America is a fascinating continent with plenty of gorgeous places to visit and friendly people to
meet! But when visiting a country there, just like when you visit any other country in the world, you need
to take a few basic safety precautions. These include protecting your valuables by leaving them at home,
trying not to look like a tourist when you go out and being cautious when using ATMs. In short, always rely
on your common sense for your own safety and enjoy your travels, but be safe!
Did you know that altitude sickness is a common illness for those going to altitudes over 2,438 m? Well,
be aware the highest point in Argentina is 6,960 m! Chile reaches as high as 6,880m! And, Peru's
highest point is 6,768 m! So, if you are planning to visit countries such as Perú, Chile or Argentina you
should consult your doctor before as there are some treatments for altitude sickness that can be
prescribed.
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Most people that travel to Latin America do not need medical attention. But accidents may happen
anywhere! So, take into account that if you are in a remote or rural area and are in need of a doctor, you
may want to travel to a bigger town or city where modern facilities will be available.
In Latin America, you will hear people say celular, which is the short form of teléfono celular.
Did you know that Spanish is the second most spoken language in the world in terms of the amount of
people who speak it as their first language?
Did you know Spanish is one of the world's most phonetic languages? This means that if you know how to
spell a word, you can almost always know how to pronounce it.
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156
Grammar Notes
Did you notice that "Good morning" is Buenos días, but "Good afternoon" is Buenas tardes? This is
because in Spanish every noun has either a masculine or feminine gender, and the adjective has to
reflect this gender. You will learn more about this later in this chapter.
Estar is only one of two verbs meaning "to be" in Spanish. It is often used for temporary states of "to
be."
In Spanish, está is the form of the verb estar used when saying "he/she is" or "you are" in a formal way.
Notice that the formal way to say "you are" (está) becomes estás when used informally.
In Spanish, the use of pronouns is not necessary when the person whom you are speaking about is easily
understood from context. This is because in Spanish the verb endings change to indicate the person
being referred to. It's not always necessary to use the informal "you" (tú) because it is reflected in the
verb ending. But, the formal form of "you" (usted) is often used. This is because it is not totally obvious
from the form of the verb whom the speaker is referring to. Está is used for usted (you [formal]), él
(he), and ella (she). This is something that happens with all the verbs in Spanish. Keep in mind that
these three persons will always have the same form of the verb just like in English when we say "he is,"
"she is," and "it is."
Remember you could have also said, "¿Cómo está?" without saying ella as long as the person whom you
are speaking about is clear from the context of the conversation.
Ella está bien is also correct.
Did you answer Está cansado or *Ella está cansado? This is almost correct. However, in Spanish
the adjective must reflect the gender of the noun it modifies. In general, masculine nouns and their
adjectives end in "-o," and feminine nouns and adjectives end in "-a."
Since in Spanish all adjectives have to agree with the gender of the noun they modify, in this course we
will adopt the masculine gender as the default. Remember the masculine gender is usually indicated by
an "-o" at the end of the word. Moving forward, we will be sure to let you know when to use the feminine
gender.
Did you say *un bueno día? Good guess! However, if an adjective ending in "-o" comes before a
singular masculine noun, then we drop the "-o." Again, this only happens if the adjective comes before
the noun. For example, we say un hombre bueno (a good man) but un buen hombre (a good man)
if the adjective comes first. Remember, this rule only applies to singular masculine nouns. So buenos
días always gets to keep the "-o"!
The imperative verb form is the command form. That is, we use the imperative form to give commands
like "Stop!" or "Hurry!" and so on.
Que is the subordinate conjunction "that" as in, "I hope that you have a good day."
Did you notice there is no word in Spanish equivalent to the English “do” when used in questions?
Remember that personal pronouns are not necessary in Spanish. Try the following question without the
pronoun usted.
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157
Did you remember that in Spanish él, ella and usted use the same form of the verb? Therefore, we
have él habla, ella habla or usted habla with the verb hablar.
Do you remember that in Spanish there is no equivalent to "do" when used in questions? Well, similarly in
negation there is no equivalent to "don't", you simply use "no".
In Spanish, de is used for both "from" and "of." But don't worry, the context of the conversation will help
you decide which one is being used!
Do you remember "to be" is also estar in Spanish? This is because "to be" using the verb ser is used for
states of being that do not change; for example, Soy una mujer. (I am a woman). Whereas, Estar is
used for states of being that can change; for example, Estoy cansada (I am tired).
Did you notice that the English personal pronoun "they" has two Spanish equivalents: ellas and ellos?
Did you get it right? You might have said son mexicano. Remember that in Spanish there are singular
and plural nouns, as well as adjectives that apply to every person. Therefore, son referring to "they are,"
needs a plural adjective such as mexicanos.
Did you say, "*¿Cómo usted se llama?" Good guess! However, personal pronouns like usted, etc.,
can either come at the beginning or end of the sentence. So, you can say, ¿Usted cómo se llama? or
¿Cómo se llama usted?
Llamarse is a reflexive verb. Reflexive verbs show that the action of the subject of the sentence is being
carried out on the subject itself. That is why "to call" (llamar) alone is not reflexive because this can
mean that I call you on the phone. However, if you want to say that I call myself, as in "my name is," I am
performing the action on myself, so I would use the reflexive verb llamarse (to call oneself), and say me
llamo, literally "I call myself." For he / she and you (formal) the pronoun is se, so you say, Él se llama,
etc.
Did you notice that se from the end of the verb llamarse moved to the front when we said usted se
llama?
Notice how se llama can be used to refer to he, she or the formal you. This is similar to the use of está
and many other verbs.
For this next slide, remember that in Spanish, when the person you are referring to can be understood
from the context of the conversation, it is not necessary to use the pronoun.
Did you say *ellos se llama? This is almost correct. However, similar to how verbs change their ending
to agree with the subject of the sentence, they must also agree with the subject in number, that is,
singular or plural. This is why se llama changed to se llaman to create the plural form of llamarse.
For this next slide remember that "he is / she is / it is" and "you are (formal)" all use the same form of the
verb.
Remember that ser is used for permanent states such as Soy María (I'm Maria), which is something
that would not normally change, or Soy de México (I'm from Mexico).
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In Spanish, it is not common to say "This is ...," and then the name, to introduce a person. Instead we say
"He is ..." or "She is...," and then the person's name or relationship to the person introducing them.
Did you say *mi amigos? If you did, no biggie. Just remember that mi (my) has to agree in number with
the noun amigos (friends). So, the correct answer is the plural form mis amigos.
Conocer can be both to meet or to know. But don't worry, you will know which meaning is being used by
the context of the conversation.
You may also hear people say Es un placer conocerlo. Placer literally means "pleasure." So, you can
use either Es un gusto conocerlo or Es un placer conocerlo. Both phrases have the same
meaning.
Did you remember that most adjectives have a masculine and feminine form? Usually adjectives that
describe a male will end with an "-o" like perdido (lost) and listo (ready), whereas adjectives that
describe a female will end with an "-a" such as perdida and lista.
Although many times the use of personal pronouns in Spanish is optional, they are used when we want to
add emphasis. In this next slide, add emphasis to who is tired and who is bored.
Bus stop (la parada de autobús) can literally be translated, "the stop of bus." In Spanish, when a
noun works as a modifier, for example "bus" in "bus stop," these two words are usually joined with the
preposition de (of).
You might have said, "¿Dónde está las llaves?" Almost, but remember that llaves (keys) is plural, so
we must make the verb plural. The correct answer is ¿Dónde están las llaves?
You might have said la mapa. However, mapa is one of the exceptions to the general rule that
masculine nouns end with "-o." Mapa is actually a masculine noun. So, "the map" is el mapa.
Recall that in Spanish, many times pronouns like, you/ he/ she/ and it, are not used since the subject of
the sentence is reflected on the verb. Therefore, when we say "it is," we only use the proper form of the
verb ser or estar.
Countries in Latin America do not use miles to measure distance. Distance is measured in kilometers
(kilómetros). One mile is about 1.6 kilometers.
Did you notice the little word a? It doesn't have a real meaning here. Just remember that it's necessary to
always use a between the verb estar and the distance.
Pay attention to this little verb ir. It does not follow the regular verb pattern that we have seen so far.
In order to say "to" or "towards" you can use a or hacia. Both prepositions are equivalent in this context.
Did you say *uno mapa? That's almost correct. However, recall the phrase buen día (good day) and
how bueno dropped the -o when it preceded the masculine noun día. For this same reason uno drops
the -o when followed by a masculine noun and we say, un mapa.
Did you say una llave? Well done! This shows that the feminine form of the number uno is una.
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When forming the plural of postal you may have said *postals. That's close. However, in Spanish, to
make the plural of a noun that ends with a consonant, you have to add -es to the end of the noun. That's
why the plural of postal is postales.
In English, we use "a little bit" when referring to uncountable nouns like milk, money, and water, and "a
few" when referring to countable things like maps and postcards. However, in Spanish the same word is
used for both. The only trick is to make poco plural for the countable nouns. For example, Tengo poco
dinero (I have a little bit of money), but Tengo pocos mapas (I have few maps). Generally if in English
we would use "few," then in Spanish you will use pocos or pocas.
Did you answer *¿Cuánto cuesta tres boletos? You were almost correct, but remember that verbs in
Spanish have to agree with the number of the noun, that is, singular or plural. Cuesta literally means "it
costs." Cuestan is the plural form (they cost). Therefore the correct answer is ¿Cuánto cuestan tres
boletos?
The Spanish numbers for 16 to 29 are easy! They are actually contractions. For example, 16 is diez
(ten) and seis (six), dieciséis. And, 21 is veinte (20) and uno (one), veintiuno. Remember this rule
when saying the following numbers!
Numbers treinta y uno (thirty-one) through noventa y nueve (ninety-nine) are really easy! These
numbers are formed by combining the tens and the single digits with y (and). Remember this rule for the
next set of numbers!
In Spanish, many times you don't need to use pronouns because the verb ending tells whom you are
talking about. Well, gustar (to like) is a special verb in Spanish, it always needs an accompanying
pronoun. For example, me gusta (I like), le gusta (he/ she likes; you [formal] like), and so on.
You might have said *ese camiseta. Like adjectives and other describing words in Spanish, "this,"
"that," "these," and "those" also need to agree with the gender of the noun they describe. So the correct
answer is esa camiseta.
Did you remember to change listo to lista because Maria is a female?
Did you remember to change listo to listos to indicate that it's plural?
Did you notice that español changed to española? This is just another example of gender agreement.
Since paella is a feminine noun it's adjective must agree and also become feminine.
You may recall that que is the relative pronoun "that." However, qué with the accent over the "e" is the
question word, "what." So in Spanish, one little accent mark can change the meaning of a word!
Do you remember that in Spanish in order to say "to" we used the preposition a? You may have noticed
that in this case we said al, not a. That is because al is actually a union of a and el from el
restaurante.
You might hear people say Disculpe or Lo siento to mean "I'm sorry." These two phrases can generally
be used interchangeably. However, Disculpe can be used to say "I'm sorry" or "Excuse me", while Lo
siento is generally used only to say "I'm sorry." Don't worry about when to use them! The context will
help you decide.
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Pay attention to this new word adónde and learn how to differentiate it from dónde. Dónde means
"where" and is used to ask questions about the location of something. Adónde, on the other hand, is
the form used to inquire about the destination of someone or something, as in "to where..."
Consequently, in Spanish you would say, ¿Adónde vas? (To where are you going?) However, you can
not say "*To where is the book?" Instead you say, "Where is the book?" (¿Dónde está el libro?).
Do you recall that tarde can also mean "afternoon" and "late?" If you forgot, don't worry! You will know
which tarde is being used by the context of the conversation.
Did you remember that in Spanish the "h" is always silent?
Do you see the pattern here? Now try to apply this pattern to the new verb you just learned.
You have seen that verbs in Spanish must reflect their subject. Most follow a regular pattern. Given the
verb hablar (to speak) and habla (you speak, formal), try to guess the answer to this next slide.
Numbering in the hundreds also follows a regular pattern in Spanish. That makes it easy, right? All you
have to do is add -to to the end of the word hundred. For example one hundred twenty is ciento veinte
and one hundred sixteen is ciento dieciséis.
Did you notice that because two is plural we have to add an -s? This is why we say ciento doce (one
hundred twelve), but doscientos doce (two hundred twelve).
Did you notice that the words used in Spanish to show possession have singular and plural forms in order
to agree with the noun? So, you will say mi tarjeta de crédito (my credit card) but mis tarjetas de
débito (my debit cards). You say su cheque del viajero (your traveler's check) but sus dólares
(your dollars).
Did you notice that se acepta (is accepted) changed to se aceptan (are accepted)? Remember the
verb must always agree with the subject. So, since tarjetas de crédito is plural, we add the -n to end
of the verb to make it plural as well.
The word nada means "nothing" and it can often mean "anything" as well.
Did you notice that in Spanish you can negate a sentence twice? That's because in Spanish double
negatives are very common, so you will frequently hear people saying No pasa nada (Nothing
happens), No tengo nada (I have nothing), No quiero nada (I want nothing). This generally happens
when nada is right after the verb so, you first negate the verb and then add the word nada.
Creating the -ing form in Spanish generally follows a regular pattern. For verbs that end in -ar you simply
drop the last -r of the verb and add -ndo. For verbs that end in -er or -ir you drop this ending and add iendo. So, pasar becomes pasando, comer changes to comiendo, and subir becomes subiendo
etc.
¿Qué pasa contigo? and ¿Qué pasó contigo? can also be used interchangeably to mean "What's
wrong with you?"
Did you notice that you need to use me before the verb caí?
Did you notice that sentirse is another reflexive verb? Remember that reflexive verbs mean the action
of the subject is being carried out on the subject itself. You must always include the pronoun with
reflexive verbs. So, he feels is Él se siente.
For this next slide see if you can remember the Spanish relative pronoun 'that', as in, "I hope that you
have a good day."
Continued on next page
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Just a heads up, fiebre is a feminine noun.
Heads up! Desmayarse is not the main verb in this next sentence. This means we will not change its
ending.
Did you notice that in Spanish we don't use the possessive to refer to the part of the body that hurts? In
English you say "My head hurts", but in Spanish you say ¡Me duele la cabeza! (not ¡Me duele mi
cabeza!).
In Spanish, the structure ya no always goes at the beginning of the sentence. Remember this rule for
the next line!
You might have said *¿Quiere que llamo? or *¿Quiere que llamar? However in Spanish, we use the
subjunctive form of the verb when we want to convey Wishes, Impersonal Expressions, Emotions,
Requests, Doubts/ Desires, Opinions, Negative Commands, Uncertainty, or Tentativeness. (You can
remember these with the acronym "WEIRDO NUT.") In Spanish, this generally means that if the verb
ends in -ar you drop this ending and add an -e. And, if the verb ends in -er or -ir, you will drop this and
add an -a. So, the subjunctive form of llamar is llame.
For this next slide remember that when you give a negative command, you need to drop the -r and
change the last vowel accordingly to form the subjunctive form of the verb.
Did you remember the "h" is always silent in Spanish?
Recall how Spanish allows for the use of double negatives. This is why we say, "There aren't none,"
instead of, "There aren't any."
Did you say *ninguno doctor? Very close! However, remember what you learned about how adjectives
drop the final -o when they precede a masculine noun. Therefore, if we were referring to a female doctor
we would say, ninguna doctora.
Entender (to understand) is an irregular verb like costar (to cost) and decir (to say). Be careful with
these verbs because their conjugations do not follow the same pattern regular verbs do.
As you can see, it is easy to use comparatives in Spanish! Generally speaking, in Spanish, you only have
to add the word más (more) to the adjective, for example: más alto (louder), más despacio (slower).
Did you notice that este became esta in order to agree with the gender of palabra?
Did you remember that you use the same form of the verb for he/ she/ it and you (formal)?
You probably recall that for is also para. Both por and para mean "for." Para is usually used to
indicate an end point, goal or target. For example, Este es para usted. Por usually indicates an
intermediate point of time. For example, por dos horas. Or, when used to indicate exchange, as in,
"thank you for..."
Do you remember the pattern we used to change bajar (to get off) to bajamos (we get off)? Keep this
in mind for the next slide.
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Did you notice that this si does not have the accent? In Spanish, you add the accent to this word when
you use it to say an affirmative sentence, for example: Sí, quiero hablar español (Yes, I want to speak
Spanish). You will use si without the accent when it represents a condition, for example: Podemos
hablar español si quieres (We can speak Spanish if you want). So, generally speaking, when in
English you say "yes" you have to use the accent and when you say "if" you don't use it.
Did you notice that perfecto changed to the feminine form perfecta? By now you know that this is
because pronunciación is a feminine noun.
Are you recognizing a pattern?
Sólo means "only." But, solo without the accent means "alone."
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