For Official Use
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
OLIS : 10-Apr-2000
Dist.
: 12-Apr-2000
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Or. Eng.
Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION DIRECTORATE
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
For Official Use
DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
Peer Review
ITALIAN-PALESTINIAN DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION PROGRAMME
(Note by the Secretariat)
This addendum to the main report [DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12] has been prepared by the Secretariat for the
Review of ITALY scheduled for 7 June 2000. The examining countries are CANADA and SWEDEN.
Contact: Mr Arthur Fell, Tel: (33-1) 45 24 90 16; Fax (33-1) 44 30 61 44
Or. Eng.
89853
Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d’origine
Complete document available on OLIS in its original format
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITALIAN-PALESTINIAN DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION................................................................ 3
Background ................................................................................................................................................. 3
I. Country policy framework................................................................................................................... 4
II. Italian-Palestinian co-operation: main characteristics ......................................................................... 4
Pledges for the bilateral programme........................................................................................................ 4
Sectoral concentration ............................................................................................................................. 5
Implementation channels......................................................................................................................... 5
Sample projects ....................................................................................................................................... 6
III. Aid management .............................................................................................................................. 7
IV. Aid co-ordination ............................................................................................................................. 7
NGOs....................................................................................................................................................... 9
DAC Guiding Principles: the road ahead in aid co-ordination................................................................ 9
V. Observations by the DAC team ......................................................................................................... 10
Contracting-out...................................................................................................................................... 10
Poverty focus ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Technical co-operation .......................................................................................................................... 10
Peer review preparation and positive assessments ................................................................................ 10
VI. Issues .............................................................................................................................................. 11
Administration and disbursements ........................................................................................................ 11
Field management: ................................................................................................................................ 12
Direct bilateral programmes .................................................................................................................. 12
Sustainability ......................................................................................................................................... 12
Loans ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
Evaluations ............................................................................................................................................ 13
ANNEX I:
ANNEX II:
ANNEX III:
ANNEX IV:
MIDDLE EAST PEACE PROCESS (MEPP)....................................................................... 14
ITALIAN ODA TO WEST BANK AND GAZA, 1995-98.................................................. 18
EVALUATIONS ................................................................................................................... 22
SECTORAL WORKING GROUPS (SWGS) IN WBG ....................................................... 23
Tables
Table I.1.
Table I.2.
Table II.1.
Table II.2.
Table II.3.
Table II.4.
Table III.1.
Key dates in the history of the MEPP.................................................................................... 14
Key events in the MEPP........................................................................................................ 15
Italian ODA to WBG, 1995-98.............................................................................................. 18
Projects .................................................................................................................................. 19
Voluntary contributions to the World Bank .......................................................................... 20
ODA from other sources than DGCS (Decentralised contributions) .................................... 21
Evaluations ............................................................................................................................ 22
Figures
Figure I.1. The MEPP........................................................................................................................... 17
Figure IV.1. Structure and membership of SWGs 1999.......................................................................... 23
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DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
ITALIAN-PALESTINIAN DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION
Background
1.
As part of the DAC Peer Review of Italy (7 June 2000), a team composed of Examiners (Canada
and Sweden) and the OECD Secretariat visited West Bank and Gaza (WBG) 7-11 February 2000. The
DAC team met with Italian and Palestinian authorities, representatives of the international multilateral and
bilateral donor community, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and civil society (a list of people met
is available on request). Italy has placed considerable priority on its programme in WBG since the 1993
Oslo Accords (Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements).
2.
From 1994 through 1998, the donor community as a whole has pledged over 4.1 billion United
States dollars (USD) for Palestinian development and by the end of 1998 had disbursed about
USD 2.5 billion. Italy has supported these efforts bilaterally and most importantly through multi-bilateral
channels and voluntary contributions to international organisations and the World Bank.
3.
The complex situation in WBG and the role of development co-operation has been documented
and analysed from many angles.1 Annex I provides brief background information on the Middle East Peace
Process (MEPP) and a short description of events starting with the Camp David Accords of 1978 to the
Sharm El-Sheikh Memorandum of 4 September 1999.
4.
Generally, donors, including Italy, have striven, through development co-operation programmes
to improve the lives of Palestinians in tangible ways to support peace building, to lay the groundwork for
sustainable development and to enhance Palestinian capacities. The underlying assumption has been that
advances in these areas will contribute to stability, peace, and eventually improved economic and social
development.
5.
Italy has played an active part in this development process particularly since the establishment in
October 1997 of the Italian Co-operation Office in Jerusalem - Local Technical Unit (UTL), which is in the
Consulate General of Italy in Jerusalem. Thanks to the UTL’s active involvement in WBG and some
skillfully niched strategic interventions, Italy has demonstrated leadership in a number of areas and made
significant key contributions to Palestinian development during a period when donor assistance has helped
1.
See Development Under Adversity - The Palestinian Economy in Transition, edited by Ishac Diwan and
Radwan A. Shaban published by the Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS and the World
Bank) as an executive summary of a book analysing key strategic choices facing the emerging Palestinian
economy; Evaluation of the European Community’s Programme of Assistance to the West Bank and Gaza
Strip, www.europa.eu.int/comm/scr/evaluation/reports/med/951403.pdf; Review of Netherlands
Development Programme for the Palestinian Territories, 1994-1999; Strengthening Palestinian Public
Institutions, Report of an Independent Task Force Sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations,
www.cfr.org (1999); The Secretariat of the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee, Improvement of Aid Co-ordination
for West Bank and Gaza (30 September 1999): and Palestine Poverty Report 1998, National Commission
for Poverty Alleviation, Palestinian National Authority (1998). A report undertaken by The World Bank
under the Secretariat of the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee on Aid Effectiveness in West Bank and Gaza is
expected to be published in early 2000.
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to offset economic decline (1993-1997), to stimulate employment, and to build institutions needed for
self-government.
I.
Country policy framework
6.
In keeping with the recommendations of the 1996 DAC review of the Italian Co-operation
Programme, the UTL in Jerusalem took the initiative to prepare a draft paper Country Strategy Framework
and Opportunities for 2000-2001. This paper outlines the challenges facing WBG, past Italian
interventions, and indicates areas of future involvement. Companion sector strategy papers provide more
analysis and rationale for involvement in the health, environment, water (wastewater), agriculture and
education sectors. The UTL should be complimented on the degree to which the proposed strategy is
consistent with the Palestinian Development Plan, and for moving forward with this country strategy
process. Meetings with the Palestinian Ministry of Planning and International Co-operation (MOPIC),
other Palestinian ministries, executing agencies, and civil society confirmed, as well, that the strategy was
based on thorough consultation with all parties, reflecting best practice in country strategy formulation.
This process could be a procedural model for Italian Development strategies in other countries.
7.
The draft strategy provides a useful overview (including project lists and logical framework
analysis). More in-depth analysis of issues such as sustainability, population growth, poverty reduction and
the Palestinian public service would strengthen the strategy. The DAC team has been advised that they are
being made. The intention to focus the programme on the poorest in WBG and the Jerusalem area is well
received by Palestinian officials. One is forced to question whether the addition of energy to the already
stated priorities of water, agriculture, education and ongoing assistance to the health sector might result in
a programme that is too broadly spread, resulting in a lack of focus on the key problems and a questionable
span of management control. The draft strategy is presently under further elaboration between MOPIC and
Italy (UTL and Rome) and is expected to be finished and approved by early 2000.
II.
Italian-Palestinian co-operation: main characteristics
Pledges for the bilateral programme
8.
In October 1993 at the Washington Donors Conference, Italy pledged USD 80 million for a
four-year period. An additional USD 40 million was pledged at the November 1998 Washington Donors
Conference which was called after the signing of the Wye River Accords between Israel and the Palestine
Liberation Organization (PLO). Italy also pledged USD 2.5 million in May 1998 at the Bethlehem 2000
Donors Conference.
9.
This makes the total grant bilateral funds pledged for the period 1994-2001 USD 122.5 million.
Over and above these pledges of grants, soft loans were also pledged in May 1997 in the amount of
USD 60 million. In March 2000 Mediocredito Centrale, which manages Italian soft loans, signed a loan
agreement for USD 35 million in the electrical power sector. The remaining soft loan pledge is not yet
operational. Of these pledges, Italy has disbursed about USD 86 million, as of the end of 1999. Italy has
financed projects primarily through voluntary contributions to international organisations, either as annual
contributions, or as project specific contributions, or both, and through a special Fund for Italian NGOs.
Annex II reflects disbursements for projects for 1995-98.
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Sectoral concentration
10.
Italy’s grant interventions in West Bank and Gaza (WBG) have been highly concentrated in three
main sectors: a) health with 20 projects representing 28% of the committed grants and 32% of the
disbursed funds; b) education with 18 projects representing 18.9% of the committed grants and 14% of the
disbursed funds; c) water and sanitation with nine projects representing 19.2% of the committed grants and
21% of the disbursements. Of the 11 other sectors represented in the remaining 33.9% committed grants, it
is worthwhile mentioning "multiple sectors" (10.9%), humanitarian assistance (6.3%), industrial
development (3.8%) and agriculture (2.1%). As for the soft loans, they are destined for two sectors:
energy (USD 35 million), as noted above, and private sector development (USD 25 million). See Annex II:
Tables II.2, II.3 and II.4.
11.
Italy and MOPIC have discussed continuing to programme infrastructure in rural areas,
environment, and cultural heritage as avenues for programming in the future. They have agreed that
sectoral reviews should be contemplated and serve as background justification for the Memorandum of
Understanding (MOU) to be signed in 2000 for future projects. In this context, sectoral strategy papers are
under preparation for water and wastewater, education, health, agriculture and environment.
Implementation channels
12.
A major characteristic of the Italian programme in WBG is its multi-bi particularity. Of the
62 bilateral projects funded by Italy from 1994 to 1999, 42 have been (or are being) implemented by
international organisations: the World Bank (11), United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) (10), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (7), International Labour
Organization (ILO) (5),
World
Food
Programme (WFP) (4),
United
Nations
Children’s
Fund (UNICEF) (1), United Nations Relief and Work Agency for Refugees in the Near
East (UNRWA) (1), World Health Organization (WHO) (1), United Nations Fund for Population
Activities (UNFPA) (1) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (1).
13.
If bilateral contributions channelled through the World Bank included Italy's major participation
to international trust funds such as the Holst Fund, one can find also very important contributions for the
implementation of specific projects on the ground such as hospital rehabilitation and water projects.
Similarly, contributions channelled through UNDP, UNESCO, UNRWA and FAO involve construction
and/or rehabilitation of infrastructure, procurement of equipment as well as technical assistance.
14.
The 42 multi-bi projects above, represent more than USD 83 million of the USD 105 million
committed funds [note: not all the USD 122.5 million pledged funds have been committed to specific
projects yet, Italy also channels part of its pledge through direct "decentralised contributions" to Italian
NGOs and non-governmental institutions (NGIs)]. See Annex II, Table II.4.
15.
Of the remaining 20 projects, 11 are (or were) implemented directly by the Italian Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and four by Italian NGOs and NGIs. Only a few involved direct implementation by
Palestinian Ministries or Departments, which the PA would prefer. None of the Italian projects seemed to
have been implemented by the Italian private business sector.
16.
Funding from Italian local governmental authorities such as regions, municipalities and
governmental organisations in WBG is provided through “decentralised contributions” made by each
Italian authority (regions, municipalities or other governmental organisations). In 1997, fifteen projects
received "decentralised contributions" for USD 840 000 and, in 1998, 17 more received USD 1.48 million.
Of these 32 projects, 24 received less than USD 30 000 and the largest, other than for food aid, was for the
Palestinian General Delegation in Italy. See Annex II, Table II.4.
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Sample projects
17.
The following selected projects were considered by the DAC team as of particular interest in
highlighting some of the innovative or well-positioned Italian-financed activities (amounts of aid relating
to these activities can be found in Annex II):
− Establishment of a Women’s Health and Family Planning in the Jabalia Refugee Camp,
Gaza: empowering Palestinian women by helping them and their husbands to make informed
choices regarding the number of children, by decreasing the rate of maternal and infant
mortality, by reducing the incidence of domestic violence and help women overcome its
physical and psychological effects and by gradually involving men in reproductive care.
− Income Generation Activities for Women’s Enterprises in Gaza: a place where women
entrepreneurs can meet, share experience and develop both their abilities and competencies;
"incubator" model, promotion of an active role for women, creation of a network of
"incubating" enterprises. One hundred and seventy women are participating.
− Upgrading of Hebron City Water Supply Scheme and Gaza Waste Water Treatment:
the Hebron project initiated in 1995 entailed the rehabilitation and upgrading of the water
supply system including the installation of new water pipes of different diameters and the
construction of a major groundwater reservoir. It also included the provision of the necessary
maintenance equipment to the Municipality as well as a community water conservation
programme. This project is continuing in a second phase aimed at establishing a remote
sensing system for the city water network. The Gaza Waste Water Treatment Project met a
pressing environmental need, exerted leverage with other donors, provided training and a
laboratory to check water quality and introduced a new, innovative technique of injecting
treated water into the aquifer.
− The Palestinian NGO Project/The Welfare Association Consortium (WAC): through an
innovative and unique arrangement, Italy is participating with the International Development
Association of the World Bank Group (IDA) and the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia with a contribution from the Welfare Association Consortium itself in this project
aimed at alleviating poverty by providing services to the poor and disadvantaged, and
building Palestinian NGO skills and capabilities. The project is demand driven: the NGOs
themselves, in consultation with beneficiaries, put forward projects for financing; project
selection is made on a competitive basis and a peer review. Three type of grants are awarded:
development grants aimed at delivering economic and social services, block grants to build
the capacity of smaller NGOs, and research grants to improve information and analysis on the
NGO sector. The present financing of USD 14.8 million includes contributions from
WB/IDA USD 10 million, Saudi Arabia USD 2.5 million, Italy over USD 2 million and
WAC, USD 300 000.
− Education sector and Palestinian curriculum development: Italy, through UNESCO, WB
and NGOs, is financing important elements of the Palestinian education sector. Particularly
noteworthy is work in teaching materials and curriculum development including a Palestinian
Curriculum Development Centre in Ramallah, as well as a contribution to help formulate the
Palestinian Five-Year Development Plan for the education sector. Also, highly appreciated by
Palestinian authorities is the support Italy is providing for schools in East Jerusalem for basic
education. These projects constitute a portfolio of about USD 13 million (mostly initiated
since 1997) in support of the Palestinian Ministry of Education to build capacity and improve
the education system.
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− Modernisation of the Kalandia Training Centre: a USD 2 million grant to UNRWA has
helped to upgrade this large vocational training centre in the West Bank that has existed
since 1953. In co-ordination with the Palestinian Ministry of Education, this vocational
training centre provides training in marketable technical skills to young refugee students.
III.
Aid management
18.
The UTL in Jerusalem has a small staff, particularly in view of Italy’s portfolio and its role
within the donor community. There are two international personnel, a director and an administrative
officer, with a four person administrative and support staff, and one short-term economist. For
environmental projects, there is one internationally recruited engineer and a secretary. All of the staff in the
UTL are on contract to the Italian administration and none are long-term civil servants. For the health
sector, a position for an internationally recruited expert is planned to be filled in the next few months.
19.
Most Italian financing is provided through multi-bilateral and voluntary contributions. No funds
are available locally for micro-projects. All project approvals, and virtually all changes in project
implementation must be referred to headquarters. Nonetheless, the DAC team had the impression that the
office was both understaffed and that consideration should be given, within the Italian co-operation system,
as to how field offices, such as the UTL, should be strengthened over the long term in the most effective
manner. It seems that drafting and negotiating country strategies and projects should be considered a core
activity to be conducted by career staff. Moreover, the learning of a development co-operation agency
should be retained and its growth assured by rotating career staff through field posts.
20.
Although most of the Italian portfolio is channelled through voluntary contributions and
multi-bilateral activities, the UTL has played an important activist role, highly appreciated by the
Palestinian officials and by multilateral organisations. Often projects get stuck in the development
environment in WBG, as they sometimes require both Israeli and Palestinian agreement. Italy’s UTL has
played an extremely important role in negotiating ways to unblock these situations. This has been virtually
indispensable to making progress in a number of areas.
21.
As Shepherd for the health sector, the Italian UTL plays an important role in aid co-ordination.
The UTL took the initiative to prepare a draft country strategy, something that can only be done effectively
by staff on the ground who are in touch with the development reality in WBG. In addition, the UTL has
pressed the idea of evaluation (see Annex III for a list of evaluations conducted to date) which requires a
great deal of co-ordination between Palestinians and multilateral organisations.
22.
Given its small staff, the UTL appeared to the DAC Mission to have been effective in both
shaping the Italian aid programme, as it evolves, and in co-ordinating activities with MOPIC and other
donors. The decision by Italy to create the UTL in October 1997 was very appropriate, and implementation
has been impressive, as understaffed as the UTL is.
IV.
Aid co-ordination
23.
The study on the Improvement of Aid Co-ordination for West Bank and Gaza cited
above (footnote 1) was undertaken by consultants under the joint sponsorship of Japan and the World Bank
with financial support of Japan and UNDP. It outlines the structure of aid co-ordination and raises a
number of issues that the PA and donors have begun to address since the report came out 30 September
1999. The structure for aid co-ordination in WBG is:
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DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
− Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (AHLC) was set up by the steering committee of the multilateral
talks after the Oslo Peace Accords. It meets twice a year and the members are: Canada, the
European Union (EU), Japan, Norway, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the United States of
America (USA). Associated members are the PLO, Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia and the
UN. Norway chairs the group together with the host for each specific meeting. The World
Bank acts as Secretariat for the committee. Among its functions are to co-ordinate and
promote donor assistance to WBG.
− Joint Liaison Committee (JLC) was established in 1994 as a local counterpart of the AHLC,
to address any problems in donor-recipient relations. The PA chairs the committee, which
consists of Norway, UNSCO, WB, EU, USA, Japan, Israel and Palestinian representatives.
Meetings are held about four times a year.
− Consultative Group (CG) meetings are chaired by the World Bank as a mechanism for aid
mobilisation and high level discussion between Palestinian authorities and bilateral and
multilateral donors. Meetings are held at annual intervals in Paris. While AHLC discuss
policy issues of more political nature, the CG is the primary forum donors to discuss project
activities, pledging of funds and aid policy issues.
− Local Aid Co-ordination Committee (LACC) is open to all official agencies providing aid to
the Palestinians and representatives from Palestinian Ministries and Palestinian Economic
Council for Development and Reconstruction (PECDAR). It serves as a forum for regular
co-ordination at operational level and for follow-up issues between AHLC meetings. It is
chaired by the AHLC chair, with WB and UNSCO as co-chairs. The committee meets on an
approximately monthly basis. Meetings are well attended, and Palestinian agencies are
represented at a high (ministerial) level.
− Task Force on Project Implementation (TFPI) is accountable to the JLC but also briefs
LACC meetings. TFPI consists of the EU, the USA, the UN and the WB. All donors can refer
issues to it, either directly or via the Sectoral Working Groups (SWGs). Its main tasks are to
identify and recommend to the JLC actions to resolve aid implementation and co-ordination
problems.
− Sectoral Working Groups (SWGs) were established, about a dozen, under the LACC in
1995. Starting out as pure donor mechanisms a shift has taken place over the years to
Palestinian leadership. Each group is lead by a gavel holder (Palestinian ministry), a
Shepherd (bilateral donor) and a secretariat (WB or UN organisation). The structure now
consists of four main SWGs with 15 subgroups. MOPIC, UNSCO and the WB form a SWG
Co-ordination Group. See Annex IV.
24.
Italy is the shepherd for public health in the Sectoral Working Group as well as the Refugees
Working Group created in the framework of multilateral track of the peace process. In addition, Italy plays
the role of shepherd for public health in the framework of the Regional Economic Development Working
Group and shepherd for solid waste management within the Environmental Working Group. The main task
as Shepherd is to act as a liaison between the donor community and the Palestinian Ministry, and to
establish an overview of the donor financed activities in the sector, a time-consuming task. The aim must
be to eventually hand over this task to the PA/MOPIC (from donor to aid co-ordination). This would also
be in line with the efforts to change from project to programme support, which in turn will depend on
capacity building in Palestinian ministries and agencies and enable the PA to assume direct
implementation.
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DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
NGOs
25.
A significant share of the Italian aid is channeled through NGOs financed from Rome
headquarters and through the bilateral programme. NGOs have played an important role in the region,
being active in fields of traditional public service delivery long before the current administration was
formed. This contributes to a complex co-operation structure. However, NGOs are seldom actively
engaged in co-ordination efforts. The World Bank together with Italy, Saudi Arabia and WAC has initiated
a programme "Palestinian NGO Project," cited above, aimed at providing services to the poor and
marginalised groups, utilising Palestinian NGOs to deliver the services. Some 200 have benefited from
capacity and technical assistance efforts. The total number of local NGOs is estimated to be 1 200. A
number of which are represented in five different networks.
26.
It seems that a closer co-ordination between the official donor community and the Palestinian
NGOs is needed. While MOPIC’s position on this is evolving, given scarce resources, it recognises to
larger extent than before, that NGOs can be valuable implementers of service delivery rather than
competitors for aid funds. Integrating their activities into a coherent system in a flexible manner is a
medium to long-term issue.
DAC Guiding Principles: the road ahead in aid co-ordination
27.
Recently, the comprehensive development framework (CDF) has been put forward by the World
Bank as a methodology for improving aid co-ordination and WBG may be a pilot for the CDF approach
along sectoral lines in an initial phase. Many institutional innovations in aid management are being
instituted in WBG with donors, including formal co-ordination structures and mechanisms for joint
funding, and, for a number of donors, decentralisation of responsibilities to field offices. This makes WBG
a kind of incubator for new approaches to aid co-ordination. Given the complexity of the situation, the
number and variety of donors involved, this is an area of great interest to the development co-operation
community at large. Italy is playing an active and useful role in this work thanks to the UTL.
28.
Overall, donor assistance programmes need to be more aligned with the investment strategy as
presented in the Palestinian Development Plan as well as in the budget prepared by the PA. The annual
budget includes an overall figure for development expenditure, but donor funded project expenditures
seldom pass through the budget accounts of Palestinian ministries. As a result capital expenditure is not
allocated though the regular administrative budget channels.
29.
According to DAC Guiding Principles the central responsibility for aid co-ordination lies with
the recipient government. The context of WBG, with no sovereign government as yet, and which is in the
process of stabilising peace in a post-conflict situation has been particularly complex. The well-developed
co-ordination structure in WBG that does exist has depended on close involvement and Shepherdship in
many cases of donor agencies working closely with the gavel holders in Palestinian ministries.
30.
DAC best practices suggest that effective participation in policy dialogue and aid programming at
the local level will be facilitated by the presence of policy-oriented staff in the field. Given the small staff
in the Italian UTL in Jerusalem and the gradual change form a project to a programme approach in WBG
along with work on CDF, it would seem advisable that the Italian office be expanded by one professional
so that the Director of the UTL can devote more time and attention to this issue.
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V.
Observations by the DAC team
Contracting-out
31.
Italy has employed a well-considered and no doubt correct approach by "contracting out" its aid
to multilateral institutions and NGOs to a large extent. In a post-conflict situation like WBG, co-ordination
and pooling resources is beneficial, and a strictly direct bilateral programme should not in all cases be an
objective of its own. As local absorptive capacities increase along with Palestinian ministries’ capacity to
manage larger financial flows, funds could eventually be increasingly channelled through them, as the PA
desires.
Poverty focus
32.
The poverty report cited in footnote number one provides, inter alia, a basis for analysing
poverty in WBG. Generally, donors operating in this transition period in WBG, given the fluidity and
sometimes emerging nature of needs, have not been able to define their programmes specifically in terms
of poverty focus. Italy is no exception, although, as noted above, some Italian-financed projects do address
poverty alleviation. The poverty focus of the Italian programme will need to be spelled out more clearly,
but not be regarded as a "sector" of its own. The poverty focus ought to be included in the selection criteria
and design of activities, which does not mean that each activity needs to be strictly poverty oriented (social
sectors, vulnerable groups etc.). How Italy will decide to be involved in different sectors and projects from
a poverty focus standpoint is an issue for the country strategy and the eventual programme that grows from
it.
33.
Italy should consider how to include in its country programme its aid through NGOs and to a
lesser extent, decentralised aid in WBG. Aid channelled through NGOs via headquarters in Rome and the
NGO-implemented programme should, to the extent possible, be co-ordinated with the bilateral country
programmes, perhaps by discussing sectoral approaches with NGOs and reviewing the country strategy
with them, as some DAC Members do. Indeed, this approach is recommended for the country strategy
currently under finalisation
Technical co-operation
34.
MOPIC believes that donors give too much emphasis to technical assistance, particularly in view
of the large pool of qualified Palestinians available. Italy will be participating in aid co-ordination
discussions with other donors and MOPIC to ensure that technical assistance is genuinely demand driven
and the UTL should be in a position to contribute to that work.
Peer review preparation and positive assessments
35.
The peer review team received a comprehensive briefing and set of documents that gave a
description of every active project and an outline of commitments and disbursements, which demonstrated
the sound underlying organisation and capability of the UTL. Project visits and meetings with executing
agencies suggested the following perceptions of the Italian co-operation program:
− Responsiveness: The Italian programme responds well to Palestinian stated needs. It is
significant in size, generous (all grant until the present), co-operative, and flexible.
Palestinians fondly recall that the Italians were in WBG in 1969 and that they sincerely
care. Perceptions are important.
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DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
− Leadership and staking out strategic interventions: Italy has shown leadership by
taking on programmes in sensitive areas such as curriculum development, education in
East Jerusalem, as well as Shepherdship in the health sector and solid waste management.
Italy’s engagement in curricula development and other activities in the education sector is
an example of the initiation of a sector-wide approach, where systematic issues take over
from investments in infrastructure. Italy has made relatively small (USD 1 million), but
interesting interventions with ex-detainees through an ILO grant and is processing another
emergency direct grant (USD 1 2 million) for refugees. These types of interventions are
viewed by some in the donor and Palestinian communities as precursor activities for what
may be needed in dealing with refugees on a larger scale. The UTL has shown initiative in
preparing a draft country strategy based on the Palestinian Development Plan, in pursuing
a vigorous monitoring and follow-up programme, and by backing the evaluation
programme. These activities and initiatives by Italy are commendable.
− Some outstanding projects: The DAC team thought Italy was backing some outstanding
niche projects: such as the Gaza Waste Water Treatment Plant (with the United States
Agency for International Development, USAID), curriculum development; girls schools,
reproductive health and women’s micro-credit; the Italian Association for Women in
Development (AIDOS) reproductive health and micro-credit projects; and the WB-NGO
project.
− Gender Equity: The Italian programme reflects sensitivity to women in
development (WID) (girls schools, reproductive health and credit projects) and
environmental issues (water, sewer and solid waste).
− Aid Co-ordination: The UTL is an active and constructive participant in the various aid
co-ordination mechanisms in addition to providing Shepherdship in the health sector and
for solid waste management.
VI.
Issues
36.
The DAC team felt some issues should be flagged:
Administration and disbursements
37.
The UTL lacks a delegation of authority and must refer too many small and large matters back to
headquarters, relying on an administrative chain of review and approval that at times is slow, and
sometimes exceedingly so. This can cause implementation problems in the field. MOPIC complains that
generally all donors are slow - disbursements are less than 50% of commitments - but Italian co-operation
seems to be considered slower than most. Disbursements often occur 2-3 years after a commitment. This
may be related to the fact that decisions must be referred to Rome and to the fact that financial flows are
periodically interrupted, which the Directorate General for Development Co-operation (DGCS) believes
occurs primarily for reasons beyond its control. Development co-operation activities are subject to Italian
national accounting rules and regulations, with funds made available yearly and for a limited time,
irrespective of project duration or possible implementation problems in the field. Simplification of
procedures (some of which may not be well-adapted to development co-operation) and delegation of some
approval authority to the field, as is the case with some other DAC Members, should be considered.
11
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
Field management
38.
Closely related to the above paragraph is the question of field management. Greater delegation of
authority from Rome headquarters to the field office in Jerusalem should be considered. Donors are
increasingly providing their field offices with more authority, especially in post-conflict environments
where quick decisions and a great degree of adaptability to changed circumstances are required. It is no
coincidence that the World Bank office for WBG was the first example of a delegation of authority to a
Country Director based in the field in the World Bank.
39.
Even if a large share of the Italian aid programme is implemented by multilateral agencies and
NGOs, the field office is heavily involved in monitoring the implementation of projects and activities, and
the manner in which this is done is both well regarded by MOPIC and multilateral agencies, and is
constructive. At the same time the office has to "go to Rome" for decisions. This apparent contradiction
needs to be clarified, as it seems rather inefficient.
40.
The Italian Co-operation Office in Jerusalem has a “bare bones” staff described above.
Management of such a complicated and substantial programme is made possible by the efforts and fine
performance of the UTL itself and the fact that a considerable amount of the project work is contracted out
to UN Agencies, the World Bank or NGOs. These executing agencies provide the required financial
accountability and project development and management at a cost of between 2-8% up to 13% (ILO and
FAO). UTL staff are not permanent employees of the Italian government. The general issue of how Italy
provides staff for its field offices is raised by this field mission to WBG.
Direct bilateral programmes
41.
Italian bilateral co-operation relies to a great degree upon the World Bank, the UN system and
NGOs. From a donor perspective, this seems quite logical given the capabilities of these multilateral
organisations to perform project development, implementation and monitoring functions in WBG and the
staff constraints of the UTL. Representatives of MOPIC said they would prefer that Palestinian line
ministries be more directly involved and they would welcome more direct Italian aid. Given the lead-time
to change programme directions, this will be an issue to consider in the medium and long-term.
Sustainability
42.
Construction of several hospitals in the late 80s and early 90s, clinics (mainly for UNRWA) and
schools had the advantage of showing some tangible benefits and creating infrastructure, but sustainability
may not have been sufficiently thought through at the time. This was done prior to the time when Italy had
a Co-operation Office in the field. The Palestinian budget presently allocates a disproportionate share to
cover salaries, with little left, probably less than 10%, for maintenance and investment. Donors must
therefore be vigilant to ensure that projects do not bring with them a burden that cannot be supported. This
is particularly important given the high population growth rate and the large education and health costs that
the PA will eventually inherit from UNRWA.
43.
Some of the infrastructure Italy has contributed to in the past may itself become part of the
problem. Therefore, Italy will need to be active in seeking solutions. This implies taking great care in
project analysis with respect to sustainability and helping to find ways to assure that the PA’s budget, over
time, will be able to maintain and sustain infrastructure and installed capacity, or find other ways of
financing recurrent costs. Italian authorities advise that the issue of sustainability is taken into
consideration in the identification and formulation phase of new programs. This applies to both technical
assistance and capital investments for infrastructure projects.
12
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
Loans
44.
Italy and the PA should be careful in the use of loans. They should only be used in cases where
the benefit stream will amortise the payments, failing which rescheduling or write-offs will eventually be
required. Soft loans may be needed to finance certain sectors and activities. Loans seem to be accounting
for an increasing share of donor commitments recently. Grant funds should be used where they have the
greatest impact and not be used to subsidise excessive investment in the energy sector for instance. It will
be critical to establish the right price and market mechanisms for revenue producing activities financed by
loans. Moreover, the Palestinian Ministry of Finance will eventually need recourse to borrowing because
grant funds from the multilateral financial institutions could retract rather quickly at some future point,
given the relatively high GNP per capita in the WBG, and in fact, a recent decline in grant disbursements
in 1998-99 is a matter for concern.
45.
Italy has concluded loans for energy in conjunction with the European Investment Bank and the
World Bank. A soft loan to finance the import of commodities from Italy will be provided bi-laterally. The
DAC Mission did not have the time or information available to analyse these large loan programmes that
are in the offing, but thought that they should be approached with great care. It is critically important that
the Palestinian Ministry of Finance only borrow for activities that have a safe return. Nothing could be
worse than to saddle the PA with non-performing loans at such an early stage.
Evaluations
46.
A number of project evaluations have been completed and others are planned (see Annex III).
The results should be shared with Palestinian Ministries, executing agencies and other donors. Close
monitoring and evaluation of food aid is recommended. Given the magnitude of the Italian aid programme
and the opportunity for lessons-learned that could be shared with other actors in WBG, consideration
should be given to recruiting a full-time local staff professional for evaluation at the UTL.
13
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
ANNEX I
MIDDLE EAST PEACE PROCESS (MEPP)
Table I.1. Key dates in the history of the MEPP
November 1917
May 1948
1948-1949
April 1950
1956
1964
June 1967
1967
September 1967
November 1967
1970
October 1973
January 1974
May 1974
1975
1978
September 1978
March 1979
November 1988
May 1991
October 1991
January 1992
September 1993
May 1994
July 1994
October 1994
September 1995
November 1995
January 1996
Feb-March 1996
May 1996
January 1997
February 1997
October 1998
February 1999
May 1999
The Balfour Declaration favours the establishment in Palestine of a home for the Jewish people.
The creation of the State of Israel; intervention by several Arab states is prompted.
The first Arab-Israeli War: 700 000-800 000 Palestinians take refuge, primarily in the West Bank and Gaza, Jordan, Lebanon
and Syria.
Jordan occupies the West bank.
Israeli Sinai campaign and the Suez Canal crisis.
Establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
Six-Day War. A further 300 000 Palestinians take refuge outside of the West Bank and Gaza.
Israel occupies the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights.
The Arab League Khartoum Summit Resolutions adopted the dictum of no peace with, no recognition of, and no negotiations
with Israel.
UN Security Council 242 established provisions and principles which, it was hoped would lead to a solution to the
ArabIsraeli conflict.
“Black September” civil war between Jordanian and Palestinians populations of Jordan.
Yom Kippur War. UNSC Resolution 338 calls upon all parties to terminate all military activity, and to start negotiations
aimed at establishing a just and durable peace in the Middle East.
Israeli-Egyptian Separation of Forces Agreement.
Israeli-Syrian Separation of Forces Agreement.
Civil War between Lebanese Christians and Muslims begins.
Israel occupies 10% of southern Lebanon.
Egypt and Israel sign the Camp David Accords, agreeing on a Framework for Peace in the Middle East and inviting other
parties to the Arab-Israeli conflict to adhere to it.
Peace Treaty between Israel and Egypt.
The PLO, headed by Yassar Arafat, unilaterally declares Palestinian Independence.
Lebanon-Syria Treaty of Co-operation provides Syria with the legal foundation for its continued presence in Lebanon.
Madrid Peace Process is initiated. Israeli, Syrian, Lebanese, Jordanian and Palestinian delegations attend the USbrokered
peace talks to discuss Israeli withdrawal from occupied Arab land.
The multilateral track of the Madrid Peace Process is launched in Moscow.
Israeli-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements, known as the Oslo Accords, establishes a
framework for an interim period of limited self-rule in the Gaza Strip and Jericho.
Israeli-PLO Cairo Accord is signed, allowing for Palestinian self-rule in Gaza and Jericho.
The Palestinian Authority is established and PLO chairman, Yassar Arafat is its head.
Treaty of Peace between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip extends Palestinian self-rule in the occupied West
Bank, provides for Palestinian elections, and for Israeli redeployment.
Israeli Prime Minister, Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated by a right-wing Israeli nationalist.
First presidential and legislative elections in the West Bank and Gaza; Arafat secures 87% of the vote.
A series of suicide bombings by Palestinian Islamist groups kills some 60 Israeli citizens.
Binyamin Netanyahu is elected Prime Minister of Israel.
Israeli-PLO Hebron Protocol is signed, providing for Israeli withdrawal from 80% of the West Bank city of Hebron.
Israel’s decision to construct a Jewish settlement in the Israeli-occupied East Jerusalem (to which both Israel and the PA lay
claim) leads to a breakdown in negotiations.
Wye River Memorandum is signed; Israel is to withdraw from a further 13% of the West bank in return for security
guarantees. Israel does not implement the Wye River Accords.
King Hussein of Jordan dies, and his son, King Abdullah, suceeds him.
Ehud Barak is elected Prime Minister of Israel, replacing Netanyahu.
September 1999
Signing of the Sharm El-Sheikh Accord (revamped Wye River Accord).
December 1999
Israel and Syria enter Peace Talks aimed at coming to a compromise over the Golan Heights.
Source: The Canadian Development Agency (CIDA).
14
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
Table I.2. Key events in the MEPP
Camp David Accords
17 September 1978
After twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David, the
Israeli-Egyptian negotiations were concluded by the signing at the White
House of two agreements. The first dealt with the future of the Sinai, and
the peace between Israel and Egypt, which were to be concluded within
three months. The second was for a framework agreement establishing
format for the conduct of negotiations for the establishment of
autonomous regime in the West Bank and Gaza.
Israel’s Peace Initiative
14 May 1989
The following peace initiative was formulated by Prime Minister Shamir
(Likud) and Defence Minister Rabin (Labour) and represents the
consensus of Israeli policy in the National Unity government. The plan
consisted of four basic points:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
strengthening the peace with Egypt as a regional cornerstone,
promoting full peaceful relations with the Arab states,
improving refugee conditions through international efforts,
elections and interim self-rule for the Palestinians Arabs.
This initiative is based on the Camp David Accords and in turn, forms the basis of the Madrid framework for the
Middle East peace negotiations.
Madrid Conference
30 October-1 November 1991
The current phase of the Middle East Peace Process was launched at the
Madrid Conference convened by the United States and the former Soviet
Union. For the first time since the creation of the Israel, Arab, Israeli
and Palestinian representatives were brought together to address the
question of peace. This process also produced a series of bilateral
negotiations between Israel and its neighbours – Jordan, Syria and
Lebanon – and the Palestinians.
The second phase of the Madrid Peace Process, the multilateral
negotiations were launched by the United States and Russia in Moscow in
January 1992. Foreign ministers and delegates from 36 countries –
including representatives from the Middle East, Europe, Japan, China and
Canada – were involved. The multilateral track plays a key role in
broadening the structure of peace, encouraging people-to-people contacts,
and building regional institutions to buttress and support peace in the
future.
Subsequently, bilateral negotiations were conducted between Israel and Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and the Palestinians,
as well as multilateral talks on key regional issues. These negotiations have resulted in a peace treaty between Israel
and Jordan, and a series of interim agreements with the Palestinians.
Oslo Accords:
Oslo I
13 September 1993
The first major breakthrough in the negotiations occurred on the
Israeli-Palestinian track. Israel and the PLO conducted secret negotiation,
under Norwegian auspices, parallel to the Washington talks, which
culminated in the signing of the Israeli-PLO Declaration of Principles on
Interim Self-Government at a White House ceremony on 13 September.
Prime Minister Rabin and Chairman Arafat signed the Agreement on the
Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area. The new agreement set out terms for the
implementation of the Declaration of Principles and included annexes on
the withdrawal of Israeli military forces and security arrangements, civil
affairs, legal matters and economic relations.
15
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
Oslo II
28 September 1995
President Clinton hosted a White House ceremony at which Israel and the
Palestinians signed the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and Gaza, as
provided for in the Declaration of Principles. The agreement contained 31
articles and seven annexes (redeployment and security, elections, civil
affairs, legal matters, economic, co-operation programs, and prisoner
release).
The Declaration of Principles created a framework of areas of negotiation and outlines for a rapid hand-over of Gaza
and Jericho to the Palestinian Authority. The Cairo Agreement detailed arrangements for “Gaza and Jericho First”
and set out a systematic programme for extension of autonomy within a specified time frame, without this being
conditional upon bilateral implementation or objectives. Major fundamental and controversial areas, such as
Jerusalem, the future of Israeli settlements in the West Bank, Judea and Samaria, the Palestinian refugees (from 1948
and 1947) were deferred to the permanent status negotiations.
The Oslo Accords divided the West Bank into three zones, Areas A, B, and C:
•
In Area A, (9.1% of the WB as of October 1999), the PA has sole jurisdiction and security control, but Israel still
retains authority over movement into and out of these areas.
•
In Area B (27%), the PA has civil authority and responsibility for public order, while Israel maintains a security
presence and overriding security responsibility.
•
In Area C, Israel retains control of the remaining 63% of the WB.
The Wye River Memorandum
23 October 1998
Consists of steps to facilitate implementation of the Interim Agreement on
the West Bank and Gaza of Oslo II and other related agreements,
including the Note for Record of 17 January 1997 (hereinafter referred to
as “the prior agreements”) so that the Israeli and Palestinian sides can
more effectively carry out their reciprocal responsibilities, including those
relating to further redeployments and security.
Sharm El-Sheikh Memorandum
4 September 1999
On 4 September 1999, the Sharm El-Sheikh Memorandum was signed by
representatives of Israel and the PLO. Restarting the commitment of the
two sides to full implementation of all agreements reached since
September 1993. The Memorandum sets out to resolve the outstanding
issues of the present interim status, in particular those set out in the Wye
Memorandum of 23 October 1998, including the transfers and
redeployments in Areas A, B, and C of the WB as agreed in the Oslo
Accords. The Memorandum forms a kind of bridge between the
completion of the interim period and the initiation of the permanent
status.
Source: CIDA.
16
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
Figure I.1. The MEPP
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Source: Donor Assistance to Palestine, a report prepared for the CIC(NYU)/SSRC Pledges of Aid project.
17
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
ANNEX II
ITALIAN ODA TO WEST BANK AND GAZA, 1995-98
Table II.1. Italian ODA to WBG, 1995-98
USD thousands
1995
Bilateral:
1996
7 725
5 741
Decentralised
Voluntary
Contributions
TOTAL:
Note:
1997
1998
8 619
5 570
836
1 480
4 113
7 259
8 340
11 838
13 000
16 958
This table does not include core multilateral aid.
Source: DGCS, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Italy.
18
5 570
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
Table II.2. Projects
USD thousands
Project
1995
Al-Fawwar Children’s Community Network (n. 2367 ARCS PAL)
Assistance to the Agricultural Development in Villages (n. 959 NGO CIC)
Contribution to World Food Programme in Gaza and Jericho
Desalination and Purifying in Khan Younis (NGO CISS)
Desalination and Purifying in Khan Younis - DGCS Monitoring
Department for Environmental Health
Emergency Intervention for the Control of Epidemiological Diseases - WHO
Health Emergency Intervention
Health Services Management Unit - UNICEF
Hebron Water Network Rehabilitation Phase I - UNDP
Income Generation Activities in Jerusalem (n. 1851 NGO AVSI)
Jerusalem Co-operation Office
Primary Health Care Rehabilitation in Janin District (n. 957 NGO GVC)
Retraining for teachers from technical schools and high school graduate
labour (n. 2266 NGO VIS)
Sewage and Drainage for Bethlehem, Beit Jala and Beit Sahour - UNDP
Shepherding for Health in RWG
Shepherdship for Health in RWG (school health promotion)
South-South Emergency Aid Olive Oil Programme
Strengthening the Ministry of Education of the Palestinian authority through
the use of teaching materials for basic education and the training of teachers
- UNESCO
Support to the professional development of teachers in the West Bank
(n. 1848 NGO CIC)
Emergency Intervention for Health Services
Establishment of a Women’s Health and Family Planning (UNFPA/AIDOS)
Integrated Small Enterprise Promotion at the Chambers of Commerce - ILO
Palestinian Press Agency (WAFA) Rehabilitation - UNESCO
Strengthening of Technical Colleges Phase I - ILO
Study at regional level in the Solid Waste Sector
Waste Water Treatment in Gaza - UNDP
Emergency Intervention for Health Services
Jericho: Upgrading and Improvement of the Area Tourist and
Archaeological Resources (n. 2340 CISS PAL)
Paediatric Hospital Mohammed Ali Hebron (n. 1576 NGO DISVI)
School Health Promotion Project - UNICEF
Support to Health, Social and Humanitarian Services in WBGS
Sub-total bilateral contributions
(See Table II.3)
Bilateral ODA
920 810
897 256
19
190 994
972 132
263 719
1997
1998
24 547
236 022
734
989 24
711
3 249
254 926
1 868
532 517
613 874
1 138 501
2 020 746
131 789
7 145
238 760
154 778
1 556 851
1 102
1 068 646
12 115
132 212
214 622
324 044
15 801
695 314
63 426
121 330
954 371
75 113
164 939
52 422
6 248
471 83
7 147
335 328
288 446
3 639
355 773
2 564
1 529 248
136 024
560 250
426 491
1 459 080
1 195 373
1 409 476
1 539
938 508
8 295
4 234
267 124
165
464 091
371 429
7 725 510
Source: DGCS, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Italy.
1996
5 740 729
7 778 871
840 000
8 618 871
4 088 673
1 480 000
5 570 353
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
Table II.3. Voluntary contributions to the World Bank
USD thousands
1995
1996
1997
World Bank Holst Fund
5 184 705
2 936 409
World Bank NGO Trust Fund Project
2 073 882
World Bank (IDA) 1995
4 112 952
World Bank Gaza Water and Sewerage Infrastructure
and Equipment
3 523 691
World Bank West Bank Replacement of Unstable
Schools and Supplementary Reading Materials (EHRP)
Total voluntary contributions
1 879 302
4 112 952
Source: DGCS, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Italy.
20
7 258 587
8 339 402
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
Table II.4. ODA from other sources than DGCS (Decentralised contributions)
USD thousands
Disbursed
Body
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of University (MURST)
Ministry of University (MURST
Ministry of University (MURST)
Ministry of University (MURST)
Region of Tuscany
Region of Tuscany
Region of Tuscany
Region of Tuscany
Region of Tuscany
Region of Tuscany
Region of Tuscany
Municipality of Milan
Municipality of Milan
Region of Tuscany
Region of Tuscany
Region of Tuscany
Region of Tuscany
Municipality of Milan
Region of Tuscany
Region of Tuscany
Municipality of Torino
Region of Lombardy
Politecnico Milan
Instituto Superiore di Sanità
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Municipality of Furlì
Municipalities of Furlì and Cesena
Region of Emilia Romagna
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Project Name
Palestinian General Delegation in Italy
Palestinian General Delegation in Italy
National University of An Najah
Islamic University of Gaza
Hebron Technical Engineering College
Bir-Zeit University
Palestinian presence at International Handcraft Exposition
Professional Formation
Professional Formation
Formation Courses for Young Palestinians
Formation Courses for Young Palestinians
Seminar for Palestinian Women in the West Bank
Socio-economic Urban Development in Nablus
Support to five primary and professional schools
Professional Formation
Pasteurisation and transformation of milk in WBG
ZOOTRAIN - Zootechnic Formation for Palestinian
Operators
Palestinian presence at the Florence Handcraft Exposition
Professional Formation
Ramallah Project
Cultural Heritage Nablus
Formation Courses for Young Palestinians
Formation and Micro-credit in Favour of Women
Support for the National School for Blind Females
Scientific Collaboration
Formation in the Sanitary Field
Convention with Universities
Feasibility Study and Reactivation of Hydraulic Well
Feasibility Study and Reactivation of Hydraulic Well
Feasibility Study and Reactivation of Hydraulic Well
Study and Archaeological Exploration of Tell-es-Sultan
(Jericho)
Total
1997
293 641
293 641
8 809
8 809
23 491
18 793
22 686
15 636
4 463
46 983
4 698
9 397
47 638
28 931
9 417
9 417
22 286
11 040
85 714
11 143
37 246
32 000
62 491
22 857
19 709
10 971
2 286
2 286
4 571
11 429
836 425
Source: DGCS, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Italy.
21
1998
1 481 680
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
ANNEX III
EVALUATIONS
Table III.1. Evaluations
I. Evaluations Conducted in the Last Two Years:
i. Political Prisoners Reintegration (ILO)
Final Evaluation
ii. Health Service Management Unit (HSMU)
Mid-term Evaluation
iii. Strengthening of the Technical Colleges, Phase I (ILO-Turin, Aid, n.5301)
iv. Integrated Small Development Enterprise promoted at the Chambers of
Commerce (ILO, Aid n.5325)
1998
1998
1998
1999
II. Planed Evaluations and/or Reviews in the First Half of 2000:
i. Palestinian Press Agency (WAFA) Rehabilitation
(UNESCO 534-RAB-60)
Joint Review and TPR
ii. Desalination and Purification of Salty Water in Khan Youms,
Phase I and Bridging Phase
Ex-post and Final Evaluation
iii. Strengthening of the Palestinian Ministry of Education
(UNESCO 181-ITA-33, Aid n.5290-01-4)
Joint Review and TPR
iv. Rehabilitation and strengthening of Primary Education
(UNESCO 181-ITA-33, Aid n.5290-01-5)
Joint Review and TPR
v. Policy Analysis and Formulation for the Development of the Ministry of
Education
(UNESCO 534-RAB-14)
vi. The Support to the Palestinian Curriculum Development Centre in Ramallah,
Phases I and II
(UNESCO RAB 10 and 12)
Final Evaluation
Note:
March/April
March
March
March
March
April
Evaluations are built in all bilateral and multilateral projects and will be conducted according to
plans. It is worth mentioning that with MOPIC it has been agreed to approve projects’ additional
phases only after the evaluation of the previous phase has been conducted.
Source: UTL, Jerusalem.
22
DCD/DAC/AR(2000)2/12/ADD3
ANNEX IV
SECTORAL WORKING GROUPS (SWGS) IN WBG
Figure IV.1. Structure and membership of SWGs 1999
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6 + 6 S D LQ
815: $
6 ( 8 1 ' 3
1*2V
5 X OH R I / D Z
* + 0 R I ( G X F D WLR Q
0 R I - X V W LF H
: D W H U D Q G : D V W H : D W H U
3 U L Y D W H 6 H F W R U
6 + ) U D Q F H
0 R I , Q W H U LR U
6 ( 8 1 , & ( ) 8 1 ( 6 & 2
3 /&
3: $
0 R I 7 U D G H D Q G ( F R Q R P \
3(&'$5
0 R I ( Q Y LU R Q P H Q W
0 R I $ J U LF X O W X U H
3:$
+ H D OW K D Q G 6 R F LD O $ I I D L U V
816&2
0 R I ( Q Y LU R Q P H Q W
0 2 3 ,&
0 R I + H D O W K
* + 0 R I - X V WLF H
0 R I / R F D O J R Y H U Q P H Q W
02)
0 2 3 ,&
6 + $ X V WU D O LD
0 2 3 ,&
81'3
02)
6 ( 8 1 6 & 2
0 2 3 ,&
02)
1*2V
0 R I 6 R F LD O $ I ID LU V
0 R I 3 X E O LF : R U N V
* + 0 R I $ J U LF X O WX U H
3(&'$5
3 X E OL F $ G P LQ LV W U D W L R Q
81'3
6 + 6 S D LQ
815: $
1 & 3 X E O LF $ G P LQ LV WU D W LR Q
815:$
6 ( 8 1 ' 3
1*2V
& D E LQ H W2 I ILF H
* + 3 : $
* + 0 R I K H D O WK
3&%6
6+
* H Q 3 H U V R Q Q H O % X U H D X
6 + * H U P D Q \
7 R X U LV P
6 ( : R U O G % D Q N
0 R I 7 R X U LV P
,WD O\
* H Q & R Q WU R O 2 I ILF H
% H W K O H K H P 6 ( : + 2
0 2 3 ,&
( Q H UJ \
0 2 3 ,&
3($
02)
81'3
3(&'$5
81(6&2
* + 1 & 3 X E O LF $ G P LQ
0 R I / R F D O * R Y H U Q P H Q W
* + 0 R I 7 R X U LV P
6 + 8 .
0 2 3 ,&
6 + 6 S D LQ
6 ( 8 1 ' 3
02)
6 ( 8 1 ' 3
02)
3 R O LF H
* + 3 ( $
6 + 1 R U Z D \
,Q G X V WU\
3 R O LF H $ LG & &
6 ( 8 1 6 & 2
0 R I , Q G X V W U \
816&2
3 ,( ) = $
02)
( Q Y LU R Q P H Q W
0 R I / R F D O J R Y H U Q P H Q W
0 2 3 ,&
* + 0 2 3 , &
0 R I ( Q Y LU R Q P H Q W
0 R I ( Q Y LU R Q P H Q W
0 R I $ J U LF X O W X U H
8 Q LR Q R I 7 U D G H 8 Q LR Q V
* 6 + 1 R U Z D \
0 R I / R F D O * R Y H U Q P H Q W
0 2 3 ,&
6 ( 8 1 6 & 2
3(&'$5
02)
0 2 3 ,&
* + 0 R I , Q G X V WU \
3 X E OL F ) LQ D Q F H
02)
6 + * H U P D Q \ 0 R I ) LQ D Q F H
816&2
6 ( 8 1 6 & 2
0 2 3 ,&
* + 0 R I ( Q Y LU R Q P H Q W
30$
6 + 1 H WK H U O D Q G V & D Q D G D
* H Q 3 H U V R Q Q H % X U H D X
6 ( 8 1 6 & 2
* + 0 R I ) LQ D Q F H
6 + 8 6 $ , '
6 ( : % , 0 )
Source: Improvement of Aid Co-ordination for WBG, AHLC.
23