Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:45 Seite 1 SCAR THERAPY and what you should know about it Juzo®. Freedom in Motion Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:45 Seite 2 We wish to thank the following persons for their editorial support: Dr. med. Bernd Hartmann Chief Physician Centre for Severe Burns with Plastic Surgery Accident and Emergency Hospital Berlin Warener Strasse 7 12683 Berlin Germany Dr. med. Ingo Jester Peadiatric Surgeon Department of Paediatric Surgery University Hospital of Mannheim Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3 68169 Mannheim Germany Christian Hartz Master Orthopedic Technician Managing Director of EPROTEC GmbH Warener Strasse 7 12683 Berlin Germany We also thank Mr. Guido Sinram from „Das Gesundheitshaus Fuchs + Möller“, Mannheim (Germany) for providing the images on page 16. All rights, in particular the right to reproduce or translate this publication into foreign languages, is reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of Julius Zorn GmbH. Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:45 Seite 3 Scar therapy | 3 DEAR READER, there is often a great deal of uncertainty, both for patients and their relatives, surrounding the area of scar therapy. This makes it more difficult for the correct use of compression garments. The aim of this brochure is to help affected persons to understand just how important compression therapy is for scar healing. It explains the effects of compression therapy, and provides practical tips on the use of Juzo Compression Garments. We also present effective ways of caring for scars in order to optimally support the healing of the skin. Julius Zorn GmbH Juliusplatz 1 86551 Aichach Germany [email protected] www.juzo.com Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:45 Seite 4 4 | Scar therapy Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 5 Scar therapy | 5 CONTENT P. 6 THE SKIN Structure and layers of the skin P. 8 BURNS AND SCALDS Frequency of burns and scalds Deep burns and scalds Formation of scars Glossary P. 13 SCAR TREATMENT AND COMPRESSION GARMENTS P. 14 THE SCAR THERAPY PROCESS Compression right from the beginning P. 25 Juzo® EXPERT PRODUCT RANGE Variety of fabrics Example garments P. 31 SCAR TREATMENT Useful tips Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 6 6 | Scar therapy The skin has a lot of essential functions THE SKIN The largest organ in the human body The skin (Latin: Cutis), measuring approx. two square metres in size, is the largest and most nerve-rich organ in the human body. Its thickness and structure can vary greatly depending on the particular body region. The entire organism relies on the skin functioning correctly, and it performs a number of tasks that are essential to humans, for example regulating heat, providing a barrier to infection, and protecting against dehydration. The skin, as a sensory organ and as a means of expressing feelings, also fulfills important interpersonal functions. Structure and layers of the skin Our skin is a tissue with a complex structure. It comprises three layers that are connected to one another: • Epidermis • Dermis • Subcutis Sebaceous glands, hairs and nails constitute special forms of skin cells. Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 7 Scar therapy | 7 Epidermis: the protective and immunological organ The epidermis, as the top layer of skin, protects the organism from mechanical, physical and chemical influences and prevents the entry of microorganisms into the body. The cells of the epidermis are continuously replenished from the bottom-most cell layer. At the end of their lifecycle, they detach themselves as platelets from the surface of the skin. Dermis: the network and transport system Below the thin epidermis lies the more robust dermis which is very supple. Its elasticity and tear-strength comes from a network of collagen and elastin fibres. Embedded within it is a widely branched network of blood and lymph vessels. This circulatory system regulates, amongst other things, the temperature at the skin. The dermis also contains thousands of nerve fibres. These provide us with a sense of touch, pressure, pain, temperature and even itchiness. Subcutis Dermis Epidermis Subcutis: the fat-storing, bottom layer The subcutis comprises mainly fatty tissue, which serves not only as a protection against the cold and as an energy store, but also as a cushion. The fat cells are embedded in a loose network of connective tissue, which is permeated by larger nerve fibres and a second network of blood vessels. Hair follicles and also the sebaceous and sweat glands, which produce the protective film for the epidermis. Classification of the skin into three layers Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 8 8 | Scar therapy The skin protects the human body from external influences BURNS AND SCALDS The skin is the largest organ in the human body in terms of surface area. It fulfills many important tasks, for example the body regulates its temperature via the skin. The skin also protects the organism against injury or intrusion by pathogens. Any damage to the skin can therefore have serious health consequences and, in extreme cases, even be lifethreatening. Tissue damage can be caused by external influences such as heat, chemicals or physical injury. Any large-area wound to the skin is especially dangerous. This applies, in particular, to burns and scalding as they can often affect large areas of the body and even damage the very deep layers of the skin. Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 9 Scar therapy | 9 Frequency of burns and scalds In Germany for example, 12,000 people per year, of which about 7,000 are children, suffer severe burn injuries. Up to 1,400 of these cases need to be treated in the intensive care units of highly specialized centres for burn injuries. When considered on a per capita basis, the annual rate of minor and smaller-sized burns of approx. 600 cases per 100,000 citizens is relatively frequent, whereas severe burns are quite rare at approx. two to five cases. The most frequent causes of burns are household or recreational accidents (60 to 75 percent) and work-related accidents (20 to 30 percent). Five percent of all injuries in infancy and early childhood involve burns or scalds. Toddlers in particular are often the victims of severe scalds as they explore the household and, for example, pull pots with hot liquids from the stove. That is why most thermic injuries with children are seen in the area of the head, the hands and the chest. Hot water at 50 °C or higher is already sufficient to damage a child's skin so seriously that blisters develop. The content of a hot cup of tea is enough to scald up to 30 percent of the body surface of a toddler. Deep burns and scalds The degree of exposure to heat (temperature and duration), the thermal conductivity of any fabrics being worn, and the type of first aid given will influence the extent of burning or scalding. The degree of thermal injury is determined by the size of the burnt or scalded area, and the depth of the damage. Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 10 10 | Scar therapy Classification of burn severity by depth: Degree I Redness and swelling of the skin, e.g. sunburn. Degree IIa Redness and swelling of the skin, blister formation, pain: damage to the epidermis, which rises as a thin-walled blister. Healing occurs within two weeks under conservative therapy. Degree IIb Paleness and swelling of the skin, blister formation, pain, damage right down to the deep layers of the skin. Requires operative treatment. Degree III Leather-like skin areas with white, grey or black discolouring, reduced pain due to destruction of the nerve endings, complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis (necrosis) and damage to the subcutis. Operative treatment is essential. Wounds caused by burns or scalding are classified into four degrees of depth Degrees of depth Degree I Degree IIa Degree IIb Degree III The different degrees of depth of burns and scalds Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 11 Scar therapy | 11 Formation of scars Wounds resulting from burns or scalding heal according to the same principles as other skin injuries. First and second degree (IIa) superficial thermal injuries generally heal within 14 days without scarring. Where deeper injury to the skin has occurred, this scar-free spontaneous healing is no longer possible because the regenerative cell layer has been destroyed. In the case of deep burns and scalds, the body attempts to slowly close the skin defect from the edge of the wound inwards. It does so by forming new tissue, so-called granulation tissue. Once the wound has closed, “overgrowth” of the wound frequently sets in after three to four weeks. The fibrous cords of connective tissue pack together, harden and then shrink, thereby creating a scar. If the growth of the fibrous connective tissue cells occurs in an uncontrolled manner, hypertrophic scars or keloids may be formed. Scars are not just a cosmetic problem – the thickening and hardening can also lead to restricted movement, malpositioning of the joint and, in worst cases, to immobility of the entire limb. Affected persons also frequently suffer from disturbed sensation and itchiness. The process of scar tissue conversion (scar maturation) may take up to two years to complete after closure of the wound. To obtain the most aesthetic scar healing possible with no functional deficits, it is necessary to apply a uniform pressure to the affected body areas. This can only be achieved by means of so-called compression therapy. Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 12 12 | Scar therapy GLOSSARY Scar A scar constitutes the healed state of a skin injury. The connective tissue of the scar will, at first, be red, fairly inelastic and not very functional. As the scar matures, it is possible for shrinkage and hardening to occur. Hypertrophic scar An excessive production of collagen fibres leads to the irregular formation of connective tissue extending beyond the original wound area. Keloid A keloid is an uncontrolled, strong connective tissue growth extending beyond the wound area into healthy skin. The resultant reduction in skin elasticity can lead to stiffening of joints. Atrophic scar Sunken scars created in poorly healing wounds. They result from an inadequate production of connective tissue fibres. Scar formation tending towards hypertrophy Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 13 Scar therapy | 13 SCAR TREATMENT AND COMPRESSION GARMENTS Deep burns and scalds, and their subsequent repair by skin grafting, are a common cause of scarring. To ensure no proliferative scars (hypertrophic scars, keloids) are formed, it is essential to apply external compression as soon as the wound has healed. Compression treatment involves the application of a therapeutically effective pressure to the wound area. This prevents an uncontrolled and excessive reorganization of the connective tissue from occurring. Under this compression, the fibrous connective tissue cells proliferating within the wound arrange themselves uniformly, that is, parallel to the wound and skin surface. Therapeutic pressure in scar therapy The constant surface pressure exerted by the compression garment enables the scarred area to heal more quickly. The consistency of the raised scar begins to change within just a short time, and the scar tissue becomes softer. The redness of the scar tissue recedes and the scar thickness and irritating itchiness decreases. Scar shrinkage, and the resultant joint stiffness, is also reduced. Even long-standing scars can be reduced by compression therapy. Flattened scar under a compression fabric Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 14 14 | Scar therapy Compression right from the beginning THE SCAR THERAPY PROCESS Compression right from the beginning 1 Expert selection of the compression garment Once stable wound closure has been achieved, compression therapy can be commenced. The staff of the medical products supply store will take precise measurements of the intended wearer. They will also determine, for example, whether pressure pads are required. The compression garment is then custom-made based on the measured body dimensions of the wearer. For hygienic reasons and to allow the material to recover, it is essential to wash the compression garment on a daily basis. The patient should therefore ideally receive two compression garments. 2 Selection of the compression class The intended outcome of the therapy can only be achieved through regular wearing of a compression garment made in the compression class prescribed by the physician. Based on our long-standing experience, a constant treatment of compression class 1 is suitable for child patients. For adolescents and adults, we typically recommend compression class 1 (18-21 mmHg) for for the upper extremities, and compression class 2 for the lower extremities. Compression class 1 should generally be used for garments worn at night. Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 15 Scar therapy | 15 3 Duration of the compression therapy Those patients who have suffered from deep second-degree or thirddegree burns, or have hypertrophic scars, will need to wear the compression garment for at least six months. To obtain the most aesthetic scar healing possible with no functional deficits, the garment must be worn consistently – day and night. The compression treatment can be interrupted for short periods to allow the compression garment to be changed, or for body hygiene or scar care purposes. The overall duration of the compression therapy will depend on a number of factors: • the severity of the scars • the location and extent of the scars • the healing reaction, which differs for each person • the therapy acceptance and patience of the patient and his / her relatives You should discuss the therapy duration with your treating physician in the course of your ongoing care. We recommend quarterly follow-up appointments. TIP Wearing the compression garment around the clock, if possible, until the scar has fully healed has been found to be beneficial for infants too. Actively encouraging the child to get used to the compression therapy will have a positive impact on their acceptance. Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 16 16 | Scar therapy 4 Treatment results Clinical experience has confirmed that good long-term results can be obtained through regular wearing of well-fitting compression garments. For example, it can reduce by one third the number of subsequently required scar revision operations, which are particularly burdensome to children. A correctly fitted compression garment, when worn for a longer period of time, can improve the outcome of burns or scalding not only from a cosmetic and aesthetic viewpoint, but also – very importantly – from a functional viewpoint. Juzo Expert Compression Garments that have been custom-made to the patient's measurements offer the best possible therapeutic efficacy and long-lasting, optimum wearing comfort. These pictures show scalding in the sternum area: (left) before compression therapy, (right) after twelve months of compression therapy in conjunction with a custom-made silicone pressure pad. Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 17 Scar therapy | 17 5 Supporting measures Juzo Compression Garments guarantee best possible outcomes in scar therapy thanks to their high quality and perfect fit. Besides compression, it is also beneficial to apply a skin care product to the affected body area on a regular basis, e.g. during the daily changing of the compression garment. If the physician has prescribed a scar treatment preparation, then it should be carefully massaged into the skin at this time. Targeted and long-term physiotherapy or occupational therapy can, in many cases, alleviate restricted movement and help improve the outcome of the compression therapy. An optimum therapy outcome can be achieved by combining a flatknitted compression garment (e.g. Juzo Expert) with a Juzo ScarPad Silicone Pad. TIP With young patients, it is especially important that parents, siblings, physicians and therapists all actively encourage the child to accept the therapy. Without the cooperation of everyone involved, even the best treatment will not achieve the desired outcomes. Regular skin care supports healing outcomes in scar therapy Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 18 18 | Scar therapy Juzo ScarPad Silicone Pads Juzo ScarPad Silicone Pads are suited for an effective and individual treatment of scars. The silicone pad softens the skin tissue and reduces redness of the skin. It protects the sensitive, healing skin and prevents anything from rubbing directly against it. Juzo ScarPad is a self-adhesive scar treatment pad and comprised of 100 % medical silicone. This makes it highly flexible and very adaptable. The surface is especially soft and comfortable to wear. The skin-like colour covers the scar and enables a discreet treatment. Early treatment with Juzo ScarPad prevents abnormal scar formation. First application occurs after the wound has fully closed or, if the wound was sutured, a few days after the sutures have been removed. The special-purpose silicone pads can be used not only for recent but also for older scars, however still active. The Juzo ScarPad products come in a variety of sizes and styles. Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 19 Scar therapy | 19 Individually adaptable: The silicone pad can be cut to any size or shape. It can also be worn in combination with compression garments. A scald of severity IIa to IIb (2 weeks after the accident) After two weeks of treatment with Juzo ScarPad (4 weeks after the accident) Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 20 20 | Scar therapy 6 Follow-up compression therapy Experience and good judgement are essential when checking the compression pressure. The patient's subjective assessment of the wearing comfort also needs to be taken into consideration. Where inadequacies in the fit of the garment are recognized, the patient should be re-measured and a new garment supplied. The physician, therapist or staff member of the medical products supply store involved in the long-term treatment of the patient should check, on a regular basis, that the compression garment is being used in a therapeutically correct manner. This applies in particular to its fit, which can be compromised by improper treatment of the compression garment, natural wear-and-tear, or through changes in the size or weight of the patient. The frequency of these checks can be selected on an individual patient basis. In the case of children still in the growth phase, the fit of the garment should be checked at least every two to three months. Compression garments that have been applied too tightly produce an increase in pressure that can negatively impact on the movement or breathing of the patient. TIP Optimum outcomes in follow-up compression therapy can only be achieved through close cooperation between the patient, physician, therapist, medical products supply store and the manufacturer. Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 21 Scar therapy | 21 In addition to compression therapy, follow-up therapeutic or surgical treatments can help achieve optimum aesthetic and functional outcomes in scar therapy. 7 Therapeutic follow-up treatment • consistent wearing of the compression garment (if necessary in conjunction with silicone pads) • regular skin care • physiotherapy or occupational therapy • long-term review of the burned or scalded areas of skin and the progress of the therapy (right through to adulthood in the case of children!) • avoiding direct exposure to the sun • using orthopaedic training or support splints (if required) • joining self-help groups • if necessary: psychological support 8 Surgical follow-up treatment • early surgical intervention in the case of functionally impairing scars or lack of load-bearing capacity • later surgery for aesthetic corrections Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 22 22 | Scar therapy 9 Care of the Juzo Compression Garment The compression garment should be washed daily at 40 °C, either by hand or in the machine on the gentle or delicate cycle. Before washing the garment, turn it inside out and close all fasteners. The Juzo Expert Garment will dry very quickly thanks to the low viscose content. Do not use any fabric softener. 40 Example garment: thorax with long sleeves Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 23 Scar therapy | 23 EFFICIENT COMPRESSION THERAPY The Juzo® Expert product range • Optimum wearing comfort thanks to the flat, elastic and visually discreet seams. • Patient mobility is guaranteed thanks to the homogeneous, soft and smooth material. • A double-layered covering of the compression fibres with textile yarns ensures a high level of skin compatibility. • The double-stretch elastic fabric, which is made to the individual patient's measurements and produced using a flat-knitting technique, produces a precisely defined compression. • The compression garment is suitable for everyday wearing thanks to the use of latex-free, sunfast and ointment proof, durable yet breathable materials. • The fine-meshed surface structure of the fabric combined with optional incorporated fasteners (hook, zipper and velcro) allow easy slip-on and taking-off. Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 24 24 | Scar therapy VARIETY OF FABRICS The experts with seam Fla t k nitting Juzo® Expert Pleasantly soft for tailored treatment Thanks to its exceptional softness and bi-directional elasticity, Juzo Expert provides the greatest possible freedom of movement and is very comfortable to wear. This special fabric is ideally suited for full-body garments and, thanks to its certified UV protection factor of 80 (18-32 mmHg, CCL 1-2), is ideal for use in scar therapy. Juzo® Expert Silver Soft fabric with antibacterial effect Thanks to the knitted-in silver thread, this fabric provides not only compression but also a natural antibacterial effect. This restores the natural balance of inflamed or irritated skin, thereby reducing itchiness. Example garments: Juzo Expert one-legged panyhose with open toes Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 25 Scar therapy | 25 Juzo® EXPERT PRODUCT RANGE Example garments Compression glove with closed fingers Compression glove with silicone coating on the palmar surface Compression sleeve Compression sleeve and glove in one piece Thorax with short sleeves Thorax in conjunction with compression pantyhose with velcro connection Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 26 26 | Scar therapy Compression stocking with open toes Compression stocking with open toes and silicone border Compression bermuda pants Compression pantyhose with open toes Compresssion pantyhose with closed toes and lateral zipper Silicone coating on the sole of the foot Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 27 Scar therapy | 27 Compression foot-toe-portion with open toes Compression foot-toe-portion with closed toes Compression neck-chin-garment Compression headband Compression stump shrinker with silicone border Compression stump shrinker with hip attachment Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 28 28 | Scar therapy COLOURFUL IRON-ON PATCHES Juzo® Expert product range Iron-on patches for children There are many colourful iron-on patches of the little helper “Julius” and his friends which can be applied to a compression garment. You can find all patches on www.juzo.com/iron-on-patches. Go to www.juliusbyjuzo.com and find out more about Julius and the whole concept. “Lollipop” “Henriette” “Chair” “Whale” “Gottfried“ “Fridolin“ “Ferdinand” “Seagrassflipper” “Diving suit” “Lotte“ Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 29 Scar therapy | 29 Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 30 30 | Scar therapy ARION SLIP-ON AND TAKING-OFF AIDS for Juzo® Compression Garments Juzo® Arion Slip-on and Taking-off Aids The Juzo Arion Products make it simple and easy to put on and take off medical compression garments such as stockings, pantyhose, or sleeves. Thanks to the very smooth material, putting on and taking off a compression garment requires very little physical effort. For further information please see the product folder Juzo Arion Slip-on and Taking-off Aids. Juzo Arion Sim-Slide Leg slip-on and taking-off aid Juzo Arion Easy-Slide Leg + Easy-Off Leg slip-on and taking-off aid Juzo Arion Easy-Slide Arm slip-on aid Juzo Arion Magnide Leg slip-on aid Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 31 Scar therapy | 31 SCAR TREATMENT Useful tips A compression therapy using Juzo Expert prevents the formation of excessive, hypertrophic scar tissue and keloids, which would subsequently need to be removed by an operative procedure. As a result of the pressure exerted by the compression garment, the scar matures more rapidly, which inhibits itchiness, and the red colouring of the scar fades. Compression therapy enables scars to heal in an aesthetic manner with no functional deficits. Period of wearing The compression garment should be worn for the period prescribed by the physician. This is the only way to guarantee an optimal therapy result. It is often necessary to wear the garment consistently – day and night. For hygienic reasons and to allow the material to recover, we recommend changing the compression garment on a daily basis. The patient should therefore ideally receive two compression garments. Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 32 32 | Scar therapy 40 Washing The compression garment should be washed each day at 40 °C to allow the material to recover. This restores the exact fit that is essential for producing the optimum therapeutic pressure. We recommend washing the garment with a delicate fabric detergent from Juzo. Do not use any fabric softener. Body dimensions The accuracy of fit of the compression garment can decline over time as your weight or, in the case of children, size changes. If this is the case, please consult your medical products supplier. He will check the fit of the garment and either arrange for any necessary alterations, or recommend that you be fitted with a new garment. Scar treatment The scarred skin can be kept supple by massaging it, and applying a cream to it every day. Keep the affected area of skin clean to avoid inflammation. Follow the skin care recommendations provided by your treating physician. Exposure to sunlight Avoid direct exposure to sunlight has to be avoided at all times as this exposure will promote the formation of hypertrophic scars. Juzo guarantees a UV protection factor of 80 for its Expert product range (CCL 1-2). Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 33 Scar therapy | 33 Physical exercise Regular physiotherapy and / or occupational therapy will help prevent joint misalignment or stiffening of the limbs. Skin grafts Scars resulting from skin grafts are also susceptible to growths. To avoid these growths and to achieve aesthetic scar results without functional deficits, it is recommended that compression therapy be used in these cases also. Open wounds Compression garments must not be worn if large open wounds are present. In the case of smaller wounds, your physician may approve the use of the compression garment if it is worn on top of a bandage or wound dressing. Experience has shown that these residual skin defects heal particularly quickly and without complications under compression pressure. Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 34 34 | Scar therapy Full-body garments From foot-toe-portions to stockings and thorax segments right through to face masks, the Expert product range from Juzo offers garments for virtually all areas of the human body. Older scars Compression therapy can also be effectively employed for older, bulging scars. Under the action of the compression pressure, the scar tissue softens, the red area around the scar is reduced, and the thickness of the scar decreases. Prescription Your treating physician will prescribe a suitable compression garment for you, if required. Please consult your specialist for that. Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 35 Scar therapy | 35 Juzo Expert Compression Glove, colour Almond with open fingers and extra option “Smartphone-Finger” Narbentherapie - EN 31.08.16 14:46 Seite 36 Julius Zorn GmbH Juliusplatz 1 86551 Aichach Germany [email protected] www.juzo.com EN · 14360203/1/1 · 8413 · 09/2016 Presented by:
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