Unit 3
(Fossils)
Q1) Mention:
1. One example for complete body fossil
2. The suitable conditions for fossils preservation
3. One use for fossils
4. One example for the trace:
5. One use for index fossils
Q2) Mention the name and the type of each fossil illustrated in the following figures:
Q3)What is meant by :
l . Amber
2. Petrification:
3. Fossils
. 5. Remains.
6. A complete body fossil
4. index fossils
7. A mold..
8. Petrified woods.
Q4)Give reasons for:
1. The petrified woods are considered from fossils although they look like rocks,
2. Naming the petrified forests with Wood mountain.
3 Amber is considered a suitable medium for formation of complete body fossils.
4. Geologists search for foraminifera and radiolaria fossils
5. Ammonites fossil is classified as a cast fossil.
6. Formation of petrified woods fossils.
7. Nummulites fossils are considered index fossils.
8. Foraminifera and radiolaria have an important role in petroleum exploration,
Q5) Complete the following:
1. The suitable medium for formation the mammoth fossil is ………………..
2. When the snail shell of ……………….decomposes, it will leave ……………… which carries the
………….details for the snail.
3.The presence of microfossils as radiolaria and foraminifera in the rocks of the exploratory wells point to
the……………….. of rocks existed in them and the suitable conditions for …………………….. exploration.
4. Archaeopteryx represents the link between……………… and …………..
5. Fossils are used in …………….. exploration and determining the age of ………………..
6. ……………… fossil is present in ……………….. rocks of El-Mokattam’s mountain.
Q6) Choose the correct answer:
1-The complete body fossil of mammoth is found preserved in..........
a. amber.
b. snow.
c. sedimentary rocks.
d. ocean.
2- When mud fills up the shell cavities and solidify, then shell decomposes ………………….is produced.
a. a solid cast
b. a mold
c. a petrified wood .
d.no correct answer
3. .......... fossils are found in the limestone rocks of El-Mokattam’s mountain.
a. Ferns
b. Coral
c. Nummulites
d. Index
4 . ....,..... fossils indicate that the environment Where they lived Was a hot and rainy tropical environment.
a. Ferns
b. Coral
c. Nummulites
d. Index
5. Life started first in ..........
a. mountain tops.
b. rivers.
c. earth.
d. seas.
6. .......... is one of invertebrates that appeared in seas.
a. Mammoth
b. Archaeopteryx
c. Fish
d. Trilobite
7. The first vertebrate appeared on the earth is/are ………......
a. man. `
b-birds
c- fish
d-reptiles.
8. Archaeopteryx represents a link between ……………
a. vertebrates and invertebrates.
c. fish and amphibians.
b. reptiles and birds.
d. amphibians and reptiles..
Q7)Write the scientific term
1. Ammonites fossils are found in the limestone rocks of El-Mokattam’s mountain.
2. The fossil record points to reptiles as the first appeared vertebrates.
3. Mammoth represents a link between reptiles and birds.
4. Archaeopteryx fossil is from invertebrates that appeared in seas.
5 . Foraminifera and archaeopteryx are microfossils that are useful in petroleum exploration.
6 . The solidified resinous matter which was secreted by pine trees during old geologic ages.
7. A replica of the external details of a skeleton of once an old living organism.
8. The fossils which are formed as a result of replacing the organic matter of Wood by the silica part by part and
they give us details about the life of once an old plant.
Q8) Choose from column (B) what suits in column (A) :
A
.
1-Mammoth
2-Ammonites
3-Petrified Wood
4-Corals
5-Ferns
6- Nummulites
7-Archaeopteryx
B
a-is a cast fossil.
b. is a mold fossil
c. became extinct 25 thousands years ago
d. is 150 million years in age
e. is found in Qattamiya
f. is a link between reptiles and birds
h.is 400 million years of age.
i- indicate the evolution from simple to complicated life.
j-are fossils that indicate that the environment where
they lived was a hot and rainy tropical.
k- are fossils that indicate that the environment where
they lived was clear warm shallow seas
L-are fossils, whose age is more than 35 million years
Q9)Complete the following statements:
1. ......,... indicate the activity of once an old living organism during its life, While ........ .indicate the remains of once
an old living organism after death.
2. .......... and .......... are examples of traces of once an old living organism,
3. .......... and .......... are examples of remains of once an old living organism after death.
4.Fossils are classified according to the ways of formation into fossil of a complete body,
,
and
5.The complete body fossil of .......... animal was discovered in the .......... of Siberia and indicated that the
animal lived 25000 years ago.
6………………….trees secrete resinous matter which changes into after its solidification
7.
and
are examples of solid cast fossils.
8.
and
are examples of mold fossils.
9.The replica of the internal details of a skeleton of once an old living organism is called
while that of
the external details is called
10.In petrified fossils, minerals replace the .......... matter of organism part by part leavin the ,......... without any
change.
11.
and
are from examples of petrified fossils.
12.The area of petrified forests in Qattamiya is known as …………………. because it contains ..................
which look like rocks.
13.Fossils are important for studying .......... and figuring out the ......., fossils indicate the age of rocks.
14…………… fossils indicate the age of ………………..
15. ferns fossils indicate that the environment where they lived was ……………… and rainy .......... environment.
16.Coral fossils indicate that the environment where they lived was .......... warm and……………….. seas.
17. …………………had appeared before ferns, while gymnosperm appeared before ………………… plants.
18. ,....,... were the first vertebrates that appeared and followed by ………………
19.According to fossil record, ……………….. and mammals appeared together after the appearance of ..........
Q10)Mention an example of each of the following:
1. Fossil remains.
2. Fossils are found in the limestone rocks of El-Mokattam’s mountain.
3. An organism represents a link between reptiles and birds.
Q11)Mention the importance of each of the following:
1. Index fossils.
2. Ferns fossils
3. Fossil record.
4. Foraminifera and radiolaria (or microfossils).
Q12)What are the consequences of each of the following?
1 . An organism is buried fast after death in snow.
2. Silica matter replaces wood material part by part of an old tree.
Q13)Mention the geological criteria that prove each of the following:
l. The area of ElMolkattarn Mountain was a sea floor more than 35 million years ago.
2. Evolution of living organisms towards complexity and higher ranking.
3. Environment was clear warm and shallow seas.
4. Environment was a hot and rainy tropical.
5. Probability that there is petroleum in an area when examining samples from the rocks underground.