Chapter 7
 Elected 1788
 John Adams
 VP
 Oath of Office
 April 30, 1789
 Judiciary Act of 1789
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Sec. of State – Jefferson
Sec. of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton
Sec. of War – Henry Knox
 Supreme Court
 1 chief justice
▪ 1st – John Jay
 5 associate
 Federal District Courts
 James Madison
 pushed through Congress
 12 proposed
 adopted 1791
 Public Credit
 National Bank
 Tariffs and Revenue 1
 Redemption – Confederation notes
 Assumption – assume states’ debts
 Hamilton
 Fed debt ‐ $54 million
 gov’t depository
 states’ debt ‐ $21 million
 stimulate economy
 National Debt ‐ $75 million
 “elastic clause”
 “Father of National Debt”
 Jefferson
 opposed bank
 unconstitutional
 “strict interpretation”
 “loose interpretation”
 Compromise
 US capital to be on Potomac River
 D.C.
 Approved – 1790
 1791
 Philadelphia
 20 year charter
 $10 million in capital
 80% public stock
 Excise taxes – internal goods
 whiskey ‐ 7¢ per gallon
 Tariffs – import duties
 Increased revenue
 western lands to be sold cheaper
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 1794
 Western PA
 “Liberty and No Excise”
 similar to Sons of Liberty
 Washington – 12,000 troops
 Jefferson, Madison VS. Hamilton
 Federalists
 Democratic Republicans
 “Republicans”
 kept each other in check
You will be responsible for knowing this chart.
 began in 1789
 nonviolent
 constitutional monarchy
 Lafayette
 1793 – Louis XVI beheaded
 1000’s killed
 1793 ‐ declared war on Britain and Spain
 parties – differing viewpoints
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 Washington – 1793
 war must be avoided for a generation
 Hamilton, Jefferson agreed
 Citizen Genet – Edmund Genet
 privateers
 Britain sold guns to Indians
 Royal Navy seized 250 ships
 French sugar
 impressment (forced into service)
 dungeons
 John Jay – 1794
 Britain
 evacuate posts in NW Territory
 Thomas Pinckney – 1795
 end Indian alliances
 free navigation of Mississippi
 pay for damage to ships
 territory north of Florida
 US
 pay Britain all pre‐Revolution debts
 Jeffersonians angry
 Federalist – John Adams
 Dem Republicans – Jefferson (VP)
 Adams won
 Federalist majority in Congress
 Washington – “two‐term” tradition
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 Jay’s Treaty violated alliance ‐ 1778
 cut off French trade
 XYZ Affair – 1797
 privateers seized French ships
 3 US envoys
 XYZ demands
 US expanded military
 navy, army
 US furious
 Naturalization Act
 Republicans indicted  5 to 14 years
 Alien Act
 10 jailed
 deport foreigners
 Sedition Act
 violates 1st Amendment
 unconstitutional
 S. Court ‐ Federalists
 no defamation of gov’t / officials
 KY Resolution – Jefferson
 “nullification”
 Federalist – Adams
 Republican – Jefferson
 other states failed to follow
 mudslinging
 Jefferson won 73 to 65
 Convention of 1800 – ended French  tied with Aaron Burr
 House broke tie (36 ballots)
 VA Resolution – Madison
alliance
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 peaceful transition of power
 “We are all Republicans, We are all Federalists”
 nation had survived ¼ century
 Beginning of end for Federalists
 TN & KY ‐ yeoman, tenant farmers
 Daniel Boone
 OH, IN, IL
 opposed slavery
 South  Old SW
 Indian lands taken
 Treaty of Greenville – 1795
 ceded land
 accepted US political sovereignty
 Assimilation
 New England – to NY, OH, IN
 New York
 speculation
 tenant farming  cotton
 East unable to compete – grain $
 changed methods
 technology
 crop rotation, diversification
 Farm economy boosted
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 casual president
 tolerated bank
 dismissed few Federalists
 Sec. of Treasury –
 repealed excise tax
Albert Gallatin
 naturalization law – 5 years
 reduced national  reduced military
debt
 USMA ‐ West Point ‐ 1802
 Barbary Pirates – 1790s
 tribute
 US navy sent to Tripoli
 1805 – treaty lowered tribute
 Judiciary Act of 1801
 “midnight judges”
 John Marshall  Chief Justice
 JFK address to Nobel Prize winners
 Marbury v. Madison – 1803
 judicial review
 attempt to impeach Samuel Chase
 Jefferson – had 1801 law repealed
 “most extraordinary collection of talent, of human knowledge, that has ever been gathered together at the White House, with the possible exception of when Thomas Jefferson dined alone”
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 Spain ceded land to France
 cut off US access to New Orleans
 major predicament
 Robert Livingston
 buy New Orleans ‐ $10 million
 Monroe to Britain, then France
 Napoleon willing to sell
 $15 million
 Is it constitutional?
 constitutional amendment?
 pushed through Senate
 ratified enthusiastically
 1804‐1806
 Sacajawea
 Pacific Ocean
 maps, observations
 Zebulon Pike  1805‐1807
 N. England Federalists
 secession?
 Hamilton accused Burr (VP)
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 Duel – Hamilton killed
 French, British violate US neutrality
 scheme in West
 not guilty
 impressment
 Chesapeake/Leopard Affair ‐ 1807
 3 dead, 18 wounded
 treason trial
 no exports
 hurt US economy
 NE Federalists
 Madison elected
 1808  Non‐Intercourse Act
 2‐term tradition
 VA dynasty
 democratic ideals
 risked all to found and serve the nation
 died July 4, 1826
 Macon’s Bill # 2
 aid from Britain
 Tecumseh, The Prophet
 Indian Alliance
 Battle of Tippecanoe
 Wm. Henry Harrison
 Henry Clay – KY
 John C. Calhoun – SC
 West, South
 wanted land
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 Sept. 1813 – Lake Erie
 British Orders in Council repealed
 declared June 1812
 shipping rights?
 majority vote from South, West
 Oliver Hazard Perry
 Oct. 1813 – Battle of the Thames
 Harrison
 Tecumseh killed
 March – Battle of Horseshoe Bend
 NE Federalists
 opposed war
 refused militia
 no financial support
 Andrew Jackson
 British – Chesapeake
 Aug. – burn D.C.
 Sept.
 Baltimore (Ft. McHenry)
 Lake Champlain
 NE Federalists
 secession?
 proposed amendments
 limit embargoes  2/3 vote to:
 declare war, admit states
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 Dec. 24, 1814
 US Consequences
 Jan. 8, 1815 – Jackson  respect from other nations
 Battle of New Orleans
 Jackson – national hero
 decline of sectionalism
 war – draw
 Hartford Conv. fell apart
 manufacturing  Rise of Nationalism
 nation unified
 writers – American themes
▪ J.F. Cooper, W. Irving
 Indian Treaties
 end of Federalists
 Sec. of State – John Quincy Adams
 Rush‐Bagot Treaty (1817)
 Treaty of 1818
▪ 49th parallel, Oregon
 painting – John Audubon
 Adams‐Onis Treaty (1819)
 stronger military
 Monroe Doctrine ‐ 1823
 D.C. beautified  Monroe – “Good will tour”  Decline of Federalists
 1 party – Republicans
 1801 – 1835
 “loose interpretation”
 3 principles
 judicial review
 supremacy of national laws
 traditional property rights
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 Marbury v. Madison (1803)
 McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
 Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
 Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
 Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
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