A Linguist's Linguist: Studies in South Slavic Linguistics in Honor of E. Wayles Browne, ed.
by Steven Franks, Vrinda Chidambaram, and Brian Joseph. Bloomington, IN: Slavica. 2009.
223-233.
The Diffusion of Macedonian Inflections into Megleno-Romanian:
A Reconsideration of the Evidence
Victor A. Friedman
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in South Slavic Linguistics in Honor of E. Wayles Browne. Bloomington, IN: Slavica, 223–
33.
224
VICTOR A. FRIEDMAN
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Appendix
Orthography and Toponyms
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References
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