Advanced Materials Research
ISSN: 1662-8985, Vol. 630, pp 479-482
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.630.479
© 2013 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
Online: 2012-12-27
Research on the Plateau Combat Support of Guided Ammunition
Tao Li 1, a, Tao Liu1,b, Li Chen 1,c , Xiao Chen Li1
1
Department of Air Ammunition, Air force service college, Jiangsu, china 221000
a
[email protected], b [email protected], [email protected]
Keywords: Plateau, Guidance ammunition, Support.
Abstract. In order to meet the new requirements of guided ammunition support ability in the new
era, from the view of direction and degree of the guidance ammunition influenced by the
plateau ,the theoretical research are combined with experiment methods used to explore the idea
and the method under the special environment of guided ammunition, the guarantee mode and the
adaptable improvement measures of the guidance ammunition plateau are put forward, the
limitation of the routine guidance ammunition used at Plateau is break.
Introduce
In Southwestern Airport elevation is 3500～4000meters at Plateau in china, Air density and
atmospheric pressure obviously is lower than relative sea level, thereby the environment has the
characteristics of low pressure, low oxygen content, low temperature, large temperature difference,
low humidity, strong radiation. But our military guiding ammunition, especially the designed
altitude of the ground testing equipment and support equipment usually is no more than 2000
meters. It will directly affect support efficiency at plateau whether it can be used in the environment
condition of altitude more than 2000 meters.
In order to meet the needs of future operations on China-India border, deepen the preparation
for military struggle, accelerate plateau guided munitions deploy, strengthen the southwest air
defense force, formed air superiority and deterrence on the Indian, carry out the research on combat
support of the guidance ammunition at plateau, provide technical support for guiding ammunition,
It has important significance for strengthen the military struggle preparations in Tibet area.
The influence on the guided ammunition performance in the Plateau
All the guiding ammunitions, along with the altitude increasing and air pressure decreasing
temperature increases, radiation boosting up, its performance will be reduced in different degree,
which is an adverse effect. But with the increase of altitude, ambient temperature is reduced, the
equipment temperature rise and bring a certain compensation, which is the beneficial effect. Plateau
pressure, temperature, humidity, radiation and other major climatic factors, not make all properties
of the device are adversely affected, just make some performance affected, and to different
equipment, influence and degree is not the same.
Electronic and low-pressure electrical equipment. Plateau is characterized by low pressure, low
temperature, temperature variation, low absolute humidity, strong solar radiation, the vast majority
of conventional electronic equipment, with the increase of altitude, the outer insulating strength,
temperature rise, the electrical life of arc extinguishing ability, etc. will be subject to different
degrees influence, mainly affect are as follows:
Dielectric strength: with elevation increasing, air density decreases, the mean free path of
charged particle increases, the collision number of the electronic trip in unit distance is reduced, but
every time before the collision the accumulated energy increases, air separation probability of the
molecules increases with increasing altitude. Therefore, air insulation resistance of the electronic
equipment decreases with increasing altitude, surface insulation and charged gap of different
potential of the electronic components is relatively easy to breakdown, generally a rise in altitude of
100 meters, approximately 1% reduction in insulation strength.
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Manufacturing Technology
Seal: with altitude elevation, pressure reducing, it make inside and outside pressure differential
increase in a seal cavity electronic device, which make deformation and burst, cause gas and
liquid leak from the junction of the container appearance, and with ultraviolet radiation strong,
leakage of sealing devices accelerates.
Arc extinguishing ability: with altitude elevation, air density decreases, so as to arc
extinguishing switch by free become difficulty, on-off capacity and the electric life shorten .
Electrostatic: dry climate helps electrostatic charge generation, electrostatic accumulation and
subsequent discharging can cause electromagnetic energy damage to equipment.
Microwave equipment. The microwave equipment, including various types of ground
training-missile for testing, testing equipment and accordingly the electronic instrument, microwave
measurement component or device. At Plateau microwave equipment are mainly influenced are as
follows:
Corona, arcing: air density decreased at Plateau, air reactance strength decreased, will cause
microwave components such as the high pressure components, high voltage components space, high
voltage insulator multimode feed and so on happen corona, arcing.
Sealing: at the highland low air-pressure may cause high-pressure sealing device such as
high-press filter capacitor, storage capacitor, high voltage transformer, high voltage components and
wave-quide pipe so on to change performance, such as oil leakage, drum kits, gas leakage.
Equipment of internal combustion engine. With altitude increased, atmospheric pressure and air
density is reduced, internal-combustion engine power station and power plant efficiency,
compression ratio, combustion performance and fuel consumption has great influence, mainly
affected are as follows:
Output power: with the altitude increasing, barometric pressure decreases, air density
decreases, the oxygen component in the air is also reduced, the effect on the internal combustion
engine as power generating station is very prominent. Experimental results show that, the type of
naturally inspirated diesel, altitude each 1000 meters rising above sea level, its power and torque are
reduced by 8% ～13%, fuel consumption increased by 6%～ 9%, heat intensity increased by 2% ~
5%; when the elevation of 4000 meters, its power reduced about 40%. This is because in the
cylinder inflatable amount is reduced, heat dissipation performance decreases, heat load increases,
the combustion is not sufficient due to other reasons.
Compression ratio: at highland air pressure low, with low oxygen content, large temperature
difference between day and night, long cold season, engine compression pressure and temperature
decreases with altitude. The experimental results show that, a rise 1000 meters altitude,
compression pressure of the internal combustion engine decreased by 17%, temperature decreased
by 23%, minimum starting temperature of the original machine increased 22℃.
Combustion performance: at Plateau oxygen content make the engine 's combustion
performance declined rapidly, fuel combustion is not sufficient, exhaust happens black smoke, not
only the power dropped, but also accelerated the diesel engine parts wear, shorten the service life of
the parts such as the air filter,
Starting performance: as the plateau hypoxia, low pressure, low temperature, oil, lubricating
oil viscosity becomes larger, the battery chemistry reaction is not complete, capacity decreased,
therefore, startup of the gas engine at plateau relating to ignition, combustion, oxygen consumption
performance shows varying degrees of adaptability, especially in low pressure, hypoxia, difficulty
of the startup in the low temperature low than altitude much.
Gas-source equipment. The increase of altitude, atmospheric pressure is reduced, air densities
reduced, efficiency of air compressor, compression ratio, displacement and other properties for
supply equipment have great influence, mainly affected are as follows:
Power down: at plateau low pressure, with low oxygen content, engine power is reduced, the
work efficiency of the air compressor is greatly reduced, the exhaust quantity driven by the electric
power ( equipment ) is also reduced as the amount of emissions reduction, the amount of
emissions of the air compressor (equipment ) is inversely decline with altitude. In general, every
1000 meters altitude rise, exhaust volume decreased by 10%. When the elevation reaches 4000
meters, the exhaust volume is about the amount of 50%～ 60% in plain areas.
Advanced Materials Research Vol. 630
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oil deterioration of the air compressor: at Plateau air density decrease , air pressure low, the
cold season long, temperature difference large between day and night, so that lubricating oil in the
air compressor (equipment) or diaphragm compressor becomes low and performance of the
hydraulic oil bad, thus the compressor lubrication and normal work are affected.
The cooling effect becomes more terrible: at Plateau air density is small, volume flow of the
fan in the air compressor is constant, but the quality is greatly reduced, accordingly the cooling
effect becomes bad. While in conditions of the high altitude, temperature decreasing helps the
equipment cooling, air compressor, due to recent volume and cooling air decreasing, finally the
overall effect brings temperature a significant rise.
Difficult to startup. Because of low temperature, long cold season, oil and the viscosity of the
lube oil becomes large, starting resistance of the air compressor increases, causing startup difficult,
especially the start of air compressor combustion driving by engine became more serious.
Polymer materials. Polymer materials including plastic, rubber, resin, paint and so on. At Plateau
effects on polymeric materials are mainly as following.
Mechanical properties: at altitude 5000 meters maximum solar radiation is 1.25 times area at
plain. Thermal radiation makes objects heat. For the outdoor equipment, the increase in solar
radiation will cause high temperature affixally rise, reduce mechanical properties of the organic
insulating material, thus brings the deformation of the material and mechanical thermal stress.
Meanwhile cause sealing performance decrease.
Electrical properties of polymer materials: the deformation and brittleness caused by plateau
environment will make the performance of the cable and plastic components of electrical decrease.
Comprehensive support measures for Guided ammunitions at plateau
Due to the character of the highland, especially for internal combustion engines, air compressors
and other equipment has a greater influence, especially in the 4000 meters above sea level, some
equipment if not through the plateau adaptability improvement will not work; in addition, support
plan, repair security mode, personnel allocation and training plan should be adaptively improve to
ensure the guided ammunition at plateau operation smoothly. Adaptability improvement and
guarantee measures of the each surface station equipment at plateau are discussed as follows.
Adjustment for equipment configuration and maintenance support plan. On the guided
ammunition through adaptive improvement, at the same time according to the characteristics of
equipment operating at plateau, equipment configuration and maintenance support plan should be
adaptively improved.
Firstly, increasing the number of key equipment, such as the electric power plant with internal
combustion engines and air compressors may be appropriately considered to increase due to
affected terribly. One is a work machine, while another as backup machine. Once the work machine
is in trouble, and the backup machine can be used to replace.
Secondly, high-power internal combustion engine power equipment or air compressor of the
high emission should be deployed. Contraposing the problem of power equipment in internal
combustion engine and air compressor reduction at plateau, high power internal combustion engine
power equipment should be considered to allocate, such as: in the plain mobile power station of the
maximum output power 45KW is configured, at plateau maximum output power 75KW can
consider to be allocated, in the plain maximum emission 2 meters3/ minutes of air compressors is
configured, at plateau the maximum emission 4 meters3/ minutes should be configured.
Thirdly, the number of vulnerable parts should be increased. Aimed at the condition of the
plateau environment, mechanical parts have the characteristics of the vulnerable damage, the
vulnerable parts should be appropriately to increase 1 ~ 1.5 times than the amount in the plain to
ensure the normal use of equipment.
Support personnel configuration and training plan adjustment. In order to adapt combat
support needs of the guided ammunition at plateau, support personnel configuration and training
plan must also be configured for adaptive adjustment.
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Firstly, to increase main post personnel quantity. Low temperature, anoxic environment for
support personnel is also a severe test. Whether each support personnel can withstand high altitude
reaction test, is an important factor affecting personnel in rate, equipment support ability. Therefore,
in the main positions support personnel must be increased as backup. Physical discomfort of the
support personnel can not lead support of guided ammunition decline or loss. Secondly, to
strengthen the support personnel training on plateau adaptability. on the basis of the amount of the
support personnel, to strengthen support personnel training, especially to the targeted training such
as the plateau adaptability, to overcome psychological obstacles of the plateau response, excellent
psychological quality and technical quality should be trained in combat support, and training
missions of the combat support in rotation should be expanded combined with regularly training
task, so that the staff have the ability of plateau combat support.
Conclusion
Plateau combat readiness work of the Guided munitions involves research and ordering, parts
raising, maintenance support, personnel training and other aspects, it is a complicated system
engineering, each link is indispensable, the top-level design must be done well, overall planned,
each levels been responsible. Only through in-depth research, scientific design, meticulous
organization, fully validated, to carry out the artificial simulation test and natural environmental
exposure test for the equipment influenced the performance in theory, to make necessary adjustment
of related configuration and maintenance support plan, to carry on the adaptability training, to
improve equipment adaptability, guidance ammunition on duty can completely meet the basic
demand of the combat support at the southwest plateau, become the sword to maintain the territorial
integrity and national security.
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Manufacturing Technology
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Research on the Plateau Combat Support of Guided Ammunition
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.630.479