P R IN T E D AND P U B L ISH E D BY G. R IT C H IE , Jun. SIGN OF F A U S T AND FR AN K LIN ’S HEAD, F E R R Y -S T R E E T , SC H E N E C T A D Y .
T H U R S IJ a T , JU N E
[ V o l . I .]
21,
1824.
[N o. I.]
Mr. Jefferson’s Draught.
Declaration as A dopted,
Mr. Jefferson's fra u g h t.
Declaration as A dopted.
both sides the Atlantic, and in his official capacity
and
when
so
suspended,
when
so
suspended,
be
has
distinguished destruction to become the executioners
Published e v e r y T h u r s d a y m o r n in g , a t t h e sign only cruel.5’
he has neglected utterly to utterh n eglected to attend
of all ages, sexes, and con- of their friends and brethren,
“
I
thought
the
expression
too
passionate
and
h f Faust and FranklVn’s head, Fei'ry-Street, Schenectady.
attend to them .
to them ,
ditions of existen ce.
or to fall thefnselves by their
too
much
like
scolding
for
so
grave
and
solemn
a
he
has
refused
to
pass
other
he
has
incited
treasonable
hands,
C o n d i t i o n s . — The Sentinel will he delivered
document; but as Franklin and Sherman were
laws for the accommoda­
insurrections o f our fellow
t o city subscribers at $2 per annum, payable half-yearly in
tion o f large districts o f
citizens, with the allure-'
Ke has excited dom estic
to inspect it afterwards, 1 thought it would
advance. T o companies o f tw elve or more who take the
p eop le, unless those p eo­
nir-nts
of
forfeiture
and
insurrections
amongst u s,
paper aluthe office §1 50 per annum, payable in advance.
not become me to strike it out. I consented to
ple would relinquish the
confiscation
of
our
propel*and
has
endeavoured
tobringNot attend.
Advertisements of not more than one square, report i t ; and do not now remember that I made
right o f representation in
*Ton the inhabitants o f our
inserted three times foi*$l 00, and 18 cents per week after. or suggested a single alteration. We reported it
the legislature ; a right in­
he lias constrained others, frontiers, the m erciless In­
estimable to them, and for­
taken captives on the high clian savages, whose known
No Papers or advertisements will be discon­ to the Committee of Five. It was read ; and I do
midable
to
tyrants
only,
seas, to bear arms against rule o f warfare is an umlistin u ed until all arrearages are p a id .
not remember that Franldin or Sherman criticised he has called together le g is­
tlieir country, to become ting-uished destruction, ofal!
Books, Pamphlets, Cards and H andbills,
any thing. We were all in haste; Congress
lative bodies at places un­
the executioners of their ages', sexes, and conditions,
usual,
uncomfortable, and
friends and brethren, or to
neatly and expeditiously ex ecu ted .
was impatient; and the instrument was reported,
ISot altered.
distant ftom the deposito­
fall
them selves by their
as 1 believe, in Jefferson’s hand-writing, as he
hands.
E xtracts fro m a letter, dated Jlugust 2, 1822, fro m T . P ick,
ry o f their public records,
first drew it. Congress cut off a b o u t a q u a r te r
for the sole purpose o f fa­
he has Waged cruel war afiring to Jo in Jldams, form erly .President o f the U. States.
pari ofit, as I expected they would ; but they j tiguing- them into com pli­
gainst human nature itself;
a As no act of the Congress of the Thirteen
violating it’s m ost sacred
obliterated some ot the best ofit, and left all that f ance with his measures,
He has dissolved represenUnited American Colonies was so distinguished
he lias dissol ed Rep esentarights o f life and liberty in
£.
was exceptionable, if any thing in it was. I have . tive houses repeatedly and tative houses repeatedly, for
the
persons o f a distant
as that by which their independence of Greatlong wondered that the original draught has n o t ( continually, for opposing opposing’ with manly firmpeople,
who never offend­
Britain was declared, the most particular history
wbh manly firmness Ivs in- ness his invasions on the
ed him, captivating and
been published. I suppose the reason is, the veo f that transaction will probably be sought for,
Carrying them into slavery
hetfneut Philippic against Negro Slavery. As you 1 vasions
]e on the rights of the rights o f the p eop le.
in anotiier lie mi-pile re, or
not merely as an interesting curiosity, but to do
justiy observe, there is not an idea in it but what j
bas i-efused for a long1
to in ur miserable death
substantial justice to the abilities and energy of
had been hackneyed in Congress for two yearstime after such dissolutions
ill then* transportation
the leaders in that great measure-”
to cause others to be elect­
thither, this piratical war­
before. The substance of it is contained in the
“ By the public journals, it appears, that on
ed, whereby the legisla­
fare. the opprobium of in­
declaration of rights and the violation of those
tive pow ers, incapable o f
fidel powers, is the war­
the 7th of June, 1776, ‘ certain resolutions res­
N ot altered.
rights, in the Journals ofCongres- in 1774
In­
annihilation, have return­
fare o f a Christian king- of
pecting independency were moved and seconded ;
Great M itain. determ in­
ed to the people at large
deed the essence o f it is contained in a pamphlet
and that on the 10th, the first resolution, “ that
for
the
ir
exorcise,
the
state
ed to keep open a market
voted and printed by the town of Boston before
remaining- in the mean
where MEN should be
the United Colonies are and of right ought to be
th e first Congress met 5 composed by James Otis,
bought and sold, he lias
tim e exposed to all the
free and independent States,’ was adopted ; and
as
1
suppose,
in
one
of
his
lucid
intervals,
and
prostituted his negative
b, , i . .
dangers of invasion from
the next day the committe for preparing the de­
hlm ck oui.
•
’■* ,
101* suppressing
e v e r y le ­
w ithout and convulsions
pruned
and
polished
by
Samuel
Adams.5
5
claration to that effect was chosen, consisting of
within.
gislative attempt to pro­
hibit or to restrain this e x ­
‘ Mr. Jefferson, Mr. J. Adams, Mr. Franklin, Mr. M r. Jefferson’s Draught o f the Declaration o f Independence. he has endeavoured to pre­
This is placed in the left-hand column ; and the D ecl.ra­
ecrable comm erce, and
vent the population o f
Sherman, and Mr. R. R. Livingston.” Mr- Jef­
tion as amended and adopted by Congress, in the rightthat this assemblage o f
these states ; for that pur­
ferson, being first on the list, became the chair­
hand column, fo r the com eniencc a f comparing them.
heiTois might want no
pose obstructing the laws
fact
o f disim guished die,
Mr. Jefferson’s Draught, as T he Declaration,as amended
man.53
for naturalization o f forNo/ altered.
he is no.v exciting- these
and adopted by Congress.
eig-ners ; refusing to pass
reported by the Commit­
“ It wa« in the natural order of proceeding for
others to encourage their
very people to rise in arms
te e to Congress.
A D eclamation- by the Re­
the committee to meet and discuss the subject;
among
us, and to purchase
migration
hither
;
and
rais­
Declaration by the Repre­ presentatives o f the U \rand,after mature deliberation, to decide on the A sentatives
that
Itbt-rU
o f which fcc has
*
ing
the
conditions
o
f
new
tko
S
tatks
of
A
mliuca
,
o f the U xjtk i)
deprived them, by mur­
appropriations o f lands.
principles or propositions which should consti­
in Congress assem bled.
S
A
in Gendering the peop le upon
he lias suffered the aclmimsera! Congress assembled.
Tie has obstructed the adtute the basis of the declaration ; and to refer
whom
he also obtruded
tration of justice totally to ministration of'justice, byre
W hen in the course of hu­
the making of the draught to the chairman, or to
them
:
thus
paying-off for­
cease in some of these fusing Ins assent to laws for
man events it becom es ne­
a sub-committee.55
mer crimes committed astates,
refusing
his
assent
establishing
judiciary
powcessary for one people to dis­
gm nsttlie liberties of one
to laws for establishing ju- erSt
“ Some years ago, a copy of the declaration,as solve th e political bands
peop le, with crimes which
dietary
powers,
reported to Congress, was put into my hands, by S w hich have connected them
lie urges tiiem to commit
he has made our ju d ges deD elias marie ju d ges de­
some one of the Lee family. It was in Mr. Jet- i with another, and to assume
against the lives of another.
pendent or. Ins will alone, pendent on his vv 11 alone,
the powers o f tiie
T h is paragraph o f the
In
every stag-e of these op­
ferson5s hand-writing, and enclosed in a short amongfor the tenure of their offi- for the tenure o f their offices
earth the separate and equal draught rcmuined unaltered.
pressions,
\ v e bare p eliIn e yery stage o f these
ces* and the amount anu and the amount and payment
letter from him to R. H. Lee, together with a station to winch the laws of
turned
for
redress
in
the
°PPressions,
we have petipaiment o f their salaries. 0f their salaries,
copy of the declaration as amended in Congress. nature and o f nature’s god
xnost humble te r m s; our tl03iecl for redress, in th e
he
has
erected
a
m
ultitude
j[e
has
erected
a
multiThe amendments consisted chiefly in striking entitle them , a d ecen t res­
repeated petitions have mosl humble terms : our
of new offices by a sek-as- tude o f new offices, and sent
p ect to th e opinions o f man­
been answered oniv by re- 5®pcated petitions have been,
out; and about one fourth part of the whole was kind requires th at they
sumed power, and sent hither swarms o f officers to
p eatfd injury, a'prince a!p>vvered only by repeated
hither swarms o f officers harness our peop le, and eat
struck out.” *‘ To me, the alterations made in Con­ should declare the causes
whose
character is thus ^ jury.
A prince w hose
toharrass our p eo p le, and out their substance,
gress seemed important and substantial amend­ which im pel them to the s e ­
m irked by everv act cl3ai'acter is thus marked by
to
eat
out
their
substance,
which may define a tvra-nl, ev eiy act which may'define
ments ”— u After all, the declaration does not paration .
W e hold th ese truths to he has k ept among-<vs, m tI-fe has k ep t among us, in
\Ve hold these truths to he
is unfit to be the ruler o f a tyrant, is unfit to b e th e
that
all
tim
es
of
p
eace,
Standing
times
o
f
peace,
standing
ar
be
se
lf
e
v
id
e
n
t:
contain many new ideas. It is rather a compila­ self-ev id e n t; that ....
all men
.......
,
,
,
a people who mc-aii'to be 1>lll e r o f a free p eop le,
tion of facts and sentiments stated and expressed are created equal ; that they ™en ure created equal ; that 1 armies and ships ofyvar, m ies, without th e consent of
free, future ages w ill
without the consent*of our our legislatures,
during the preceding eleven years, by those are endowed by their Crea- they are endow ed, by then- , legislatures,
scarce
believe that the
'
tor with inherent and inalien- Creator, with certain unah- *
hardiness
o
f
one
man
ad­
who wrote and vindicated the rights of the Colo­ able rights; that among-these enable rights ; that. among he has affected to render the
c
ventured, within the short
No/ altered.
nies, including the proceedings of the Congress are life, liberty and th e pur- these are life, liberty, and : military independent of,
compass of tw elve yea,, s
and
superior
to
the
civil
o f 1774 ; that is, from the year of the stamp act suit of happiness ; that to s c the pursuit o f happiness ; | power.
o*ily, to build a foundac
cure these rights, govern- that to secure th ese rights, .
to the commencement of the war. The great
tion
so
broad
and
un
dis­
h
e
has
combined
with
others
“
as
combined
with
governm
ents
are
instituted
mtsi are instituted am ong governm ents are instituted
guised, for tyranny over a
merit of any compilation consists in the lucid m en,deriving their ju st pow- among m en, deriving th e ir , *fcu^SffT5ject us to ajurisdic- others, to subject us to aju p
eop le fosteied aud fixed
tion
foreign
to
our
constirisdiction
foreig-n
to
our
eonand forcible arrangement of the matter. The ers from the consent o f the Just powers from the cpn- | tutions and unacknoleged stitution, andunackncw ledgin
principles o f freedom .
reported declaration was evidently enfeebled by governed ; that whenever a- sent of the governed ; that , by our laws ; giving his as- ed hY our laF s 5 giving his . Nor have w e been wanting Nor have w e been wantny form of governm ent b e - w henever any form of gov- <
its redundancies.— “ I have thought it desirable com es destructive o f these ernment becom es deslruc- j sent to ( their acts o f pre- assent to their acts o f pre­
in attentions to our British in g in attentions to our Britsh
tended legis.ation,
brethren, w e have warned brethren. W e have warned
that the facts in this case should be ascertained. ends, it is the right o f the tive of these ends, it is the j tended legi lation
them
from tim e to time o f them , from time to time o f
for
quartering
large
bodies’
You alone can give a full statement of them, to p eop le to alter or to abolish rigid ot the people to alter
attem
pts
by their leg-sln- attempts by their legisla­
o
f
armed
troops
among
us;
be communicated to whom you think proper if l l f n institute n ew e-ov- ov to abolish it, and to msti- J for protecting them by a
ture to extend a ju m d ic- ture, to extend an unwartion o cr those our states, rantahle jurisdiction over
m ock trial from punish­
T o arrive at truth, and to assure to
m ent for any nruwders
we have reminded them US. We h iv e reminded them
his just portion of applause, are the sole
o f the cu-cumstances o f 0f the circumstunces of()ur
which they should com m it
N ot altered.
o f these remarks.”'
our emigration and settle- emigration and settlem ent
on
the
inhaoitants
ofthese*i
most likelv to effect their Jo them shall seem most
, On the ath of August Mr. Adams favoured me safety and' happiness. Pru- h k ely to effect their safety
m ent here, no one ot here. W e have appealed
states ;
Which could warrant so to their native ju stice and
* with an answer ; and was pleased to communi­ deuce indeed w ill dictate and happiness Prudence, | for cutting off our trade with
strange a pretension r that magnanimity, and w e have
w
orld
;
that
go
ernments
lon
g
esindeed,
w
ill
dictate,
that
all
parts
of
the
1
cate to me his short history of the Declara­
these were effected at the conjured them , by th e tie*
should not be governm ents lon g estabhsh- for im posing taxes on us
tion oflndependence, as it appears in the follow­ tablished
expe»?ce o f our own blood 0f our common kindred, to
without
our
consent
;
ciuinged for light and Iran- ed should not be changed
and
treasure, unassist d by* disavow these usurpations,
for
depriving
us
of
the
ben*for
depriving
us,
in
many
ing extract from his letter of that date.
sient causes, and according- forhght and rans.ent causes;
the
wealth
or the strength which would
inevitably
efits
o
f
trial
by
jury
;
cases,
o
f
the
benefits
o
f
trial
“ Mr. Jefferson came into congress in June ly all experience hath shown and, accordingly, all expe,pf
Great-Britain
:
that
in
interrupt
our
conncxtions
for
transporting
us
beyond
by
jury
•
1775, and brought with him a reputation for liter t'hat mankind are more dis- rience hath shew n, that
constituting indeed our and correspondence. T h ey
seas to Ik tried f o r > = x ot altered.
posed to suffer, while evils mankind are more disposed
several forms o f govern- to0j pave bfc6n deaf
ature, science, and a happy talent at composition. are sufferable, than to right ^ suffer, w hile evils are
tended o ften ces;
m
ent, we had adopted one the voice o f Justice and o f
for abolishing-the free sysW r it in g s of his were handed about, remarkable them selves by abolishing the sufferabie, than to lig h t for abolishing the free system
common
kmg» thereby consanp-u;rijty.
W e must,
o f E ngl sh laws in a n eig h -tem o f English laws in a
for the peculiar felicity of expreasion. Though forms to which they are ac- them selves by abolishing
laying
a
foundation
for
ther
fore,
acquiesce
in th e
bouring
province,
estabneighbouringprovince,estaba silent member in Congress, he was so prompt, custom ed. but when a long the forms to winch they are
perpetual
leag-ut
and
aminecessity,
which
denounces
lishingtlit
rein
an
arbitrary
fishing
therein
an
arbitrary
train o f abuses and usurpa- accustom ed. But, when a
tyr with them : but that oul, separation, and hold
frank, explicit and decisive upon committees, tions, begun at a distinguish- long’ tram o f abuses and
governm ent, and enlarg- governm ent, and enlarging
submission to their paih- them , as w e hold the rest
in g it’s boundaries so as to jts boundaries, so as to rennot even Samuel Adams was more so, that ed period, and pursuing in- usurpations, pursuing inyaament
was no pait of our Qf mankind, enem ies in war,
rende.’ it at once an exam- der it, at once, an example
he soon seized upon my heart; and upon variably the same object, e- nably the same object evmconstitution,
nor even mi in
e ftien d s.
p ie and fit instrument for and fit instrument for introvinccs a design to reduce ce.s a design to reduce them
idea, if history may be
this occasion I gave him my vote, and did all in tliem under absolute despo- ™ d « absolute-despotism, it
introducing the same ab- ducing the same absolute
credited : and w e ap­
solute rule into th ese ru]e .nto these colonies ;
my power to procure the votes of others. 1 think tism it is their right, it is is^ ieir right, it is their duty,
pealed
to their native ju s­
s ta te s ;
he had one more vote than a n y other, and that tht.}; duty, to throw off such t ^throw off such govern
tice
and
magnanimity, as
for taking away our charters,
placed him at the head of the c o m m i ttee. 1 had ;
s"cT w ell as to th e tyes of our
abolishing
our
most
valua­
new guards for their
common kindred, to disa­
the next highest number, and that p.aced me the j
-[J such
g,,^, i,as
'tty-. tuieh has been the
b le laws, and altering fun­
No/ altered.
..rHy.
has been
been the
the v'ty
vow these usurpations,sufferance
o
f
these
damentally
th
e
forms
o
f
secon l. The committee met, discussed the sub- |I patient sufferance of these patient
which were likely to in­
oui governments ;
1 then appointed Mr. Jefferson and me j! colonies
; and such’ •is now colonies and such is now
terrupt
our connection
necessity which con- for suspending our ow n le ­
and
correspondence,
they
to make the draught; 1 s u p p o s e because ive I
‘o W t h e n / t o .tier
gislatures, and declaring
Not
altered.
too
have
Veen
d eaf
them selves invested^with
were the two highest on the lis t. 1 he sub-corn- +K
j ^ former ^
tf mRs nf
r d v - former systems
ot governtheir
*■ Q
stim
of gov
met™,
to the voice o f ju stice
o
f
the
i
pow
er
to
legis
ate
for
us
,
mittee met. Jefferson proposed to me to make ernment. the history o f the ment. rhe lnstoiy
and o f consanguinity ;
in all'cases whatsoever
present
k
ing
o
f
reat
Britpresent
k
in
g
of
M
eat
Ma­
the draught. I said, I will not, you shall do it.55
IJe
has
abdicated
governand when occasions have
li,,, is a history o f unremit- Jam is a h.story o f repeated , he has abdicated govern ­
been given them by the
[Then follows an amicable altercation on this fin e injuries and usurpations, injuries and usurpations, all - ment here, witlidrawiVig m "nl }u rc- hY declaring us
regular
course o f their
and
declarout
protection,
aud
his governors.
.
.
"
which appears no so- having, in direct object the
p o in t ; but Mr. Adams persisting in his refusal j ^"“ng
w
•
rfrom
us.
laws, o f rem oving
in
g
us
out
of
his
allegiance
waging
war
against
u
t o make the draught,]
“ Well,55 said Jefferson,, [ fita n . fact
fac to contradict the establishm ent of
. an
. absolute
. .
til -ir co u n cls the distur­
and protection.
lie has plundered our
these states.
« if you are decided, Twill do as well as I can.55 |
bers of our harmony, they
he
plundered our seas, seas, ravagi d our coasN .
have
by their free election
ravae-ed our coasts, burnt burnt our towns and des
Very w e l l ; when you have drawn it up we will \ establishment o f an JhcnTll,
absoluteA submitted to a candid world,
r
'-established
them
in
our towns, and d -slroyed troyed the li es of our pec pie
have a meeting. A meeting we accordingly had, tyranny over th ese states.—
power,
at
'his
vcr.
time
the lives of our p eop le.—
He is, at this time, tra n sand conned the paper over.
1 was delighted to prove this le t facts be sub­
too. they' are permitting*
he is at this time transport- porting large armies of fortheir chief niag-,strate to
with its high tone, and the flights of oratory with m itted to a candid world, for
in g
armies of foreign eign mercenaries t o com
the truth of which we pledge
send over not only soldiers
mercenaries,
to
oomph
at
plete
the
works
of
death,
which it abounded, especially that concerning a faith y et unsullied by false­
of om* common blood,
the
works
of
death,
de.sodesolat
on
and
tyranny,
ah
Negro Slavery, which though I knew his Southern hood.
but Scotch and foreign
lation and tyranny, alve-a- ready ln-gun v n h circn nu reena.iies to invade and
* Brethren would never suffer to pass in Congress, H e has refused his assent to
dy begun with civemnstan- stuv.cas of cruclt” ami pcrflaws the most wholesom e
JVo/
altered.
destroy
us. these facts
ces of cruelty and perfidy dy. scarcely paralleled in ih
I certainly never would oppose. There were
and necessary for the pub­
have gi en the last stab
uruvovtliv
the
head
of
a
civm
o
st
barbarous
ages,
and
toother expressions which I would not have inserted
lic good,
to a. onizing affection ;
ilized nation.
tally unworthy the head 01
if I had drawn it up ; particularly that which h e has forbidden his gover- H e has forbidden his gov- he has endeavoured to bring a civilized oaken.
and manly .'-pint b’ds us
novs
to
pass
laws
o
f
irameernovs
to
pass
laws
o
f
im
me­
to
renounce forever these
called the King a Tyrant. 1 thought this too
on the inhabitants o f our
He has constrained our ft 1diate and pressing impor- diate and pressing im p o r­
unfeeling
brethren, w e
frontiers th e merciless I n -lo w citizens, taken capth *
personal ; for 1 never believed George to be a
tance, unless suspended ance, unless suspended in
m
ust
en
d
ea\
our to forge
dian savages,whose known on the high seas, to bear
tyrant in disposition and in nature ; I always
in their operation till his their operation till his assent
our
formeslove
for them
rule o f warfare is an un- arms against their country,
assent should be obtained ; should be ob tain ed ; and.
believed him to be deceived by his courtiers on
M O H s lW K S E N T I N E L ,
t a t e s
o f
m e r i c a
t*
i e c t
a n d
h a s '
l a r g e