Climate and Landscape Change in
Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Welcome Letter
Dear Earthwatch Team Member,
Thank you for volunteering to work with us here in Sabah,
Malaysian Borneo, on Climate and Landscape Change
in Borneo’s Rainforest. We are only now beginning to
understand the vital role that tropical rainforests play—
the biodiversity they support, the weather patterns they
influence, their part in hydrological cycles, the carbon
they take up from the atmosphere and store and,
most importantly, how these and other factors interact
to support global ecosystem functioning. In order to
understand these highly complex interactions, and ensure
that the remaining rainforests of Southeast Asia are
properly protected and, where necessary, restored, it is
essential that long-term monitoring and research programs
be initiated to provide the scientific foundations for their
conservation, sustainable management, and restoration.
This is the overall aim of the project with which you will be
helping.
By working with us, you will be contributing not only to
the knowledge base, but directly to the conservation and
restoration of the rainforests of Borneo and the wider
region. This is of critical urgency; it has been estimated
that almost one-fifth of global carbon emissions are
accounted for by the clearance and degradation of
rainforests—more carbon than is emitted by the entire
transport sector—every car, truck, train, ship, and aircraft
on the planet. If climate change is to be controlled, then
the tropical rainforests must be conserved and restored.
Scientific research has a crucial part to play in this.
Our team and I look forward to welcoming you to Danum
Valley. This has to be one of the most amazing places
anywhere in the world—and we very much hope you will
enjoy your time with us.
Yours,
Dr. Glen Reynolds
Director, Royal Society SEARRP
Danum Valley Field Centre
PO Box 60282, 91112 Lahad Datu
Sabah, Malaysia
Tel: +60 (0) 89-841103
Fax: +60 (0) 89-883091
Website: searrp.org/
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Table of Contents
General Information�������������������������������������������� 2
The Research ���������������������������������������������������� 6
Your Destination ������������������������������������������������ 8
Daily Life in the Field���������������������������������������� 10
Accommodations and Food������������������������������ 14
Travel Planning ������������������������������������������������ 16
Travel Tips�������������������������������������������������������� 18
Project Conditions�������������������������������������������� 20
Safety �������������������������������������������������������������� 24
Project Staff������������������������������������������������������ 26
Recommended Reading���������������������������������� 27
Participant Rights and Responsibilities ���������� 28
Communications���������������������������������������������� 32
Message from Earthwatch�������������������������������� 33
Images © Earthwatch, Emily Albers, Jen Alger, Kogila Vani Annammala, Lucy Bruzzone, Mark Harper, Rachel Phillips, Ryan Cox, SEARRP, Shirren Lau, Zoe Gamble, Vani
and Paul Collander
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
1
General Information
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest
Earthwatch Scientist: Dr. Glen Reynolds, Director, Royal
Society SEARRP
Expedition Dates:
Research Site: Danum Valley, Sabah State, Malaysian
Borneo
Team 1*: July 6 – July 16, 2013
Team 2*: July 18 – July 28, 2013
Team 3: Aug. 16 – Aug. 25, 2013
Team 4: Aug. 28 – Sept. 6, 2013
Team 5: Oct. 3 – Oct. 12, 2013
Team 6: Oct. 15 – Oct. 24, 2013
*Teams 1 and 2 are reserved for groups.
Rendezvous and departure information is
available in the print version of the briefing
only.
2
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
trip planner
To do immediately
Make sure you understand and agree to
Earthwatch Participant Rights and Responsibilities
(see pg. 28).
90 days prior to expedition
Complete and return your volunteer forms. Below
are the specific forms required for this expedition:
Earthwatch Participation Form for Adults
Travel Form
European volunteers can download forms on:
www.earthwatch.org/europe/volunteerforms
U.S./North American volunteers can download
forms at: www.earthwatch.org/volunteerforms
Australian volunteers can download forms on:
www.earthwatch.org/australia/expeditions/
volunteer_forms/
Japanese volunteers can download forms
on: www.earthwatch.jp/getinvolved/condition/
formdownload-i.html
Note: If you have signed up for an expedition within
90 days of the start date, you must return your fully
completed volunteer forms as soon as possible.
Pay any outstanding balance for your expedition.
Book travel arrangements (see the Travel Planning
section, pg. 16, for details).
If you plan to purchase additional travel insurance,
note that some policies require purchase when
your expedition is booked (see the Insurance
section, pg. 25, for more information).
If traveling internationally, make sure your passport
is current and obtain a visa for your destination
country, if necessary (see the Passports and Visas
section, pg. 19, for more details).
Make sure you have all the necessary vaccinations
for your project site (see the Health Information
section, pg. 24).
Bring your level of fitness up to the standards
required (see the Project Conditions section, pg.
20).
60 days prior to expedition
Review the packing list to make sure you have all
the clothing, personal supplies, and equipment
needed.
30 days prior to expedition
Leave the Earthwatch 24-hour helpline number
with a friend or relative (see the inside back cover).
Leave copies of your passport, visa, and airline
tickets with a friend or relative.
Confirm your travel arrangements.
Read this expedition briefing thoroughly. It provides the most accurate information available at
the time of your Earthwatch scientist’s project planning, and will likely answer any questions you
have about the project. However, please also keep in mind that research requires improvisation,
and you may need to be flexible. Research plans evolve in response to new findings, as well as
to unpredictable factors such as weather, equipment failure, and travel challenges. To enjoy your
expedition to the fullest, remember to expect the unexpected, be tolerant of repetitive tasks, and
try to find humor in difficult situations. If there are any major changes in the research plan or field
logistics, Earthwatch will make every effort to keep you well informed before you go into the field.
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
3
expedition packing checklist
Required Items
General
This expedition briefing
Photocopies of your passport, flight itinerary, and
credit cards in case the originals are lost or stolen;
the copies should be packed separately from the
original documents
Passport and/or visa (if necessary)
Certification of vaccination (if necessary)
Documentation for travel by minors (if necessary)
(see Volunteers Under 18 Years of Age in the Travel
Tips section, pg. 19)
Clothing/Footwear for Fieldwork
Earthwatch T-shirt
Loose-fitting. long-sleeved shirts and T-shirts*—long
4
enough to be tucked into your trousers
Lightweight cotton (fast-drying) trousers*
Walking boots (waterproof and lightweight) – please
ensure that these have ankle support and a good
grip by testing them on slippery, muddy terrain
before joining the project
All-terrain sandals (for use in rivers and leisure time)
A few pairs of socks
Lightweight rain jacket
Sun hat
Sunglasses
Work/gardening gloves (for digging)
Clothing/Footwear for Leisure
At least one set of clothing to keep clean for end of
expedition
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Shorts*
Robe or dress to wear en route to the shower
*Permethrin impregnated and quick-drying trekking
clothing recommended
Field Supplies
Small daypack
Drybag or plastic sealable bags (good for protecting
equipment like cameras from dust, humidity, and
water)
Miscellaneous
Spending money
Optional Items
Camera, film/memory card(s), extra camera battery
(Note: The climate is not favorable to electronic
equipment).
Adapter or converter for charging camera, etc., if
required.
Earplugs
Silica gel sachets (good for protecting equipment like
cameras from humidity, and water)
Eye mask if you find sleeping in light conditions
difficult
Insect repellent spray (50% DEET minimum)
Sports bra
Water bottles (minimum of two 1-liter bottles)
Hardware for sharing digital photographs at the end
of the expedition
Sunscreen lotion with SPF 30 or higher
Torch (flashlight) with extra batteries—ESSENTIAL
Bedding and Bathing
Note: Mosquito nets and a pillow and blankets will be
provided by the project.
Towel(s) – preferably the fast-drying type
You may wish to bring a lightweight single sheet or
sheet sleeping bag, but this is optional, as bedding
will be provided
Personal Supplies
Personal toiletries (biodegradable soaps and
shampoos are encouraged)
Antibacterial wipes or lotion (good for cleaning
hands while in the field)
Sunscreen lotion with SPF 30 or higher
Personal first aid kit (e.g., dehydration salts, antidiarrhea/constipation pills, antibiotics, antiseptic,
itch-relief, pain reliever, bandages, blister covers,
etc.) and personal medications
Swimwear
Dry box to protect equipment from humidity
(cameras, hearing aids, etc.)
Binoculars for wildlife spotting
Compact umbrella (preferably non-metal)
Travel guide
Books, games, journal, art supplies, etc. for
recreational/rest time and travel
Supplies that may be bought in
Malaysia
Toiletries
Snacks and sweets
Disposable raincoats
Water bottles
Note: Required and optional items lists are accurate
to the best of Earthwatch’s knowledge at the time of
publication.
Antiseptic/anti-fungal powder (medicated talcum
powder) for use on feet (can be purchased in
Malaysia if necessary)
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
5
The Research
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest
The Story
Until the mid-20th century, Borneo was almost completely
covered with rainforests. But over recent decades, these
havens for wildlife, particularly the lowland forests, have
been subject to intensive industrial-scale logging or have
been cleared to make way for plantations. These activities
have threatened the crucial ecosystem services the forests
provide, such as carbon storage and sequestration, soil
stabilization, and watershed protection, as well as many
of the island’s plant and animal species: the forests still
provide crucial habitat for over 15,000 species of flowering
plants, more than 220 species of mammals, 420 species
of birds, more than 250 reptiles, almost 150 amphibians,
over 400 species of freshwater fish, and many tens of
thousands of species of insects and other invertebrates.
The forests that do remain are often highly degraded
or scattered as small fragments embedded within
6
inhospitable agricultural landscapes. It is these forests,
rather than the remaining pockets of protected primary
forest, that now support much of the island’s biodiversity
and are critically important in maintaining overall
ecosystem functioning. The regenerative capacity and
long-term viability of degraded and fragmented forests
are unclear—especially their degree of resilience to the
impacts of climate change. Droughts associated with
the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)—ENSO events
are associated with shifts in oceanic currents off the Gulf
of Mexico which influence weather patterns globally—
that are projected to become more frequent and severe
as a result of the changing climate, may prove to be
particularly damaging. There is also evidence that the
wet La Niña phase of the ENSO cycle is becoming more
intense, leading to an increase in the frequency and
magnitude of large rainstorms, which leads to severe soil
erosion, landslides, and leaching of nutrients from the
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
soil. The combined effects of ENSO events and of forest
loss, fragmentation, and degradation may be adversely
affecting recruitment and regeneration of the dipterocarps
(a family that includes about 500 tree species), the most
important group of tree species of the Southeast Asian
rainforests. Borneo’s forests may require some form of
rehabilitation if they are to survive.
How You Will Help
Research Aims
Measuring plant mass to assess how much carbon they
contain
The overall goal of this project is to maintain the
biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and conservation
value of the Bornean rainforest in the face of changes
in climate and land use. We study both pristine forests
and forests with various degrees of disturbance and
fragmentation. Our research has four main objectives:
To assess baseline levels of plant diversity (as a measure
of overall biodiversity), we measure plant diversity in
forests with different levels of disturbance and in forest
patches of different sizes.
To assess how restoration of forest can best be achieved,
we monitor the survival and growth of planted tree
seedlings.
To assess the ability of degraded and fragmented forest
to maintain ecosystem functioning, we measure rates of
decomposition of leaf litter and the levels of consumption
of planted and naturally regenerating seedlings by insects.
To establish the susceptibility of forests to erosion, we
measure soil moisture levels and the amount of soil erosion
and deposition over the year and after major rainstorms.
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Depending on research needs, you’ll help with some of
the following:
Assessing the presence and density of tree seedlings
Helping to measure seedling survival and growth over
time and planting new seedlings
Taking basic measurements of habitat and forest structure
Assessing basic ecosystem processes, such as carbon
storage and decomposition
Collecting, sorting, and pressing plant specimens
Collecting and sorting specimens of insects and other
animals
Maintaining leaf litter traps, which capture falling leaves,
or leaf litter bags, which are filled with leaf litter and then
monitored for decomposition
Taking rainfall measurements
Measuring soil moisture
Assessing topography, vegetation types, and canopy
cover
Measuring soil erosion
Collecting and analyzing soil samples.
7
Your Destination
About Malaysian Borneo
Borneo, the third largest island in the world, is shared by
three countries: Indonesia, Brunei, and Malaysia. Malaysia,
a relatively stable parliamentary democracy, has been
governed by the current ruling party for many years. You’ll
spend your time on this expedition in the state of Sabah,
which makes up the northern part of Borneo. Sabah
boasts some of the world’s most biodiverse and beautiful
rainforests, as well as great cultural diversity—people from
32 officially recognized ethnic groups make their homes
there. Although Malaysia is an Islamic country, almost
half of Sabah’s population is Christian. Mt. Kinabalu,
the highest mountain in Southeast Asia at 4,095 meters
(13,435 feet), draws many visitors to the state, as do the
abundant beaches and nature reserves.
Volunteers will meet in Kota Kinabalu, fly to Lahad Datu,
and then be driven to Danum Valley Conservation Area,
where they will stay for one night. The following day
8
they will travel to Ulu Segama and Malua Forest
Reserves, where they will be based for the remainder of
the expedition.
Danum Valley Conservation Area
(DVCA)
Covering almost 45,000 hectares (174 square miles), the
DVCA is one of the largest and most important areas of
protected primary lowland rainforest in Southeast Asia. The
forest of DVCA has incredibly diverse flora, as is typical of
the wet Southeast Asian tropics, dominated by enormous
dipterocarp trees that can reach heights of 80 meters
(260 feet) or more. The DVCA also provides a haven
for some of Borneo’s most iconic—and threatened—
species: the orangutan, the Bornean pygmy elephant, the
Sumatran rhino, and the clouded leopard. Bird diversity is
exceptionally rich, with over 340 species recorded.
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
On the eastern border of DVCA is the Danum Valley
Field Centre, which is probably the leading tropical
forest research center in Southeast Asia. The Royal
Society South East Asia Rainforest Research Programme
(SEARRP) has been based at the Danum Valley Field
Centre since 1985.
Ulu Segama and Malua Forest
Reserves (USM)
USM has a total area of over 250,000 hectares (965
square miles) and by any measure—economic,
biodiversity, or overall ecosystem value—is one of the
most important areas of contiguous forest remaining
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
in Southeast Asia. It is home to perhaps the largest
remaining wild populations of orangutan, Bornean pygmy
elephant, and Sumatran rhino on the island of Borneo.
The 500-hectare (1.9-square-mile) Sabah Biodiversity
Experiment, where you’ll work on this expedition, is
embedded within the Malua Forest Reserve. It has been
set up in logged forest and aims to study the importance of
tree species diversity, composition, and life history traits for
providing fundamental ecosystem services such as carbon
sequestration. Malua Camp, where you will be based, is
on the edge of the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment and is
located approximately 25 kilometers (15 miles) north of
Danum as the crow flies, but about 63 kilometers (40 miles)
by road.
9
Daily Life in the Field
Plans and Policies
You will receive presentations from project staff on forest
management and conservation issues, the possible
impacts of climate and environmental change on the
rainforest ecosystem, and the measures that can be
taken to protect and restore Southeast Asia’s remaining
rainforests. During the fieldwork, you will work with the
Royal Society SEARRP team of local research assistants,
who will provide close supervision.
Some of the tasks you may perform are listed in How You
Will Help (pg. 7). The rigor of the work on these tasks will
vary according to terrain, site conditions, and distance
from camp. Plant specimens will be sorted and pressed
in the laboratory. In case of inclement weather, indoor
laboratory work will be substituted for outdoor work.
Not all tasks will be undertaken by all teams; the specific
tasks will depend on the time of year and the progress of
the research.
Earthwatch Recreational Time Policy
Project staff will generally accompany participants from the rendezvous to the end of the expedition. For recreational
days, when no research activities are scheduled, Earthwatch scientists will offer either a team activity or a
range of recreational activities that comply with Earthwatch standards. Participants may also remain at project
accommodations. Those who pursue other options must sign a release form.
If there is a period of time during a regular research day when no research activities are scheduled, adult participants
may leave the project site on their own; they will have to sign out first. Unless contacted for help, project staff will not
search for a participant unless he or she fails to appear the following morning or for the next scheduled research
activity.
Earthwatch will assess the general risks of adult participants leaving the project site, but cannot guarantee
participant safety or an awareness of all issues. In some cases, due to local conditions, adult participants may have
to stay at the project site during recreational time, a requirement that will be clearly communicated on site.
10
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
ITINERARY AND DAILY SCHEDULE
Weather and research needs can lead to changes in the daily schedule. We appreciate your cooperation and
understanding.
Day 1: Rendezvous
8:00 a.m.
Team met by FieldSkills staff member at the Hyatt Hotel in Kota Kinabalu for a health and safety
briefing
10:00 a.m.
Depending on when the briefing ends, there will be a short period of free time for last-minute
purchases
12:30 p.m.
Checkout from Hyatt Hotel and transfer to Kota Kinabalu airport (A bus is arranged for this;
please ask the hotel reception for details to confirm timings). It’s a good idea to have a light
lunch at the airport (there are numerous food outlets)
2:45 p.m.
Fly from Kota Kinabalu to Lahad Datu; be met at Lahad Datu by Earthwatch scientists or Royal
Society SEARRP staff
3:40 p.m.
Transfer to Danum Valley Field Centre (two-hour journey by road)
5:40 p.m.
Arrival and check-in at Danum Valley Field Centre
6:00 p.m.
Introductory lecture and overview of team’s activities
7:00 p.m.
Dinner
Day 2: Introductory day at Danum Valley (and other sites)
Morning
Introduction to Earthwatch scientists and research assistants. Briefings covering the project
context and overview. Short trek (1.5 hours) in the primary forest at Danum Valley
Afternoon
After lunch, depart Danum Valley for the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment site at Malua, stopping
on the way at various points of interest for briefings on forest management and restoration, etc.
Arrive at the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment Campsite at Malua in time for lunch. Time to settle
in and get to know the camp. Orientation and health and safety reminder briefing
Evening
Dinner; lecture and introduction to the following day’s activities
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
11
Days 3 – 5 and 7 – 9 (day 10, teams 1 and 2): Fieldwork
7:00 a.m.
Breakfast and personal preparation for fieldwork
8:00 a.m.
Meet for team briefing and equipment collection
8:15 a.m.
Depart to field sites (on foot or by four-wheel-drive vehicle)
8:30 a.m.
Fieldwork
1:00 p.m.
Lunch (either packed or at Malua or Danum camps)
2:00 p.m.
Specimen sorting and lab work (if required) and/or learning sessions
4:00 p.m.
Afternoon tea
4:30 p.m.
Specimen sorting and lab work and/or learning sessions (free time if no lab work)
7:00 p.m.
Dinner and relaxation (optional evening activities, talks by visiting scientists, presentations, etc.)
Day 6: Recreational Day
6:30 a.m.
Breakfast and personal preparation for departure to Borneo Rainforest Lodge
10:00 a.m.
Optional guided walks in primary forest
1:00 p.m.
Lunch at lodge
2:00 p.m.
Optional guided walks in primary forest or free time at the lodge
4:00 p.m.
Canopy walk at lodge and drive back to Malua Camp
7:00 p.m.
Dinner and relaxation (optional evening activities or talks by visiting scientists)
Day 10 (Day 11, teams 1 and 2) Departure Day
12
8:00 a.m.
Breakfast
9:00 a.m.
Depart Malua for visit to oil palm plantation and briefing on forest fragmentation component of
the project
2:00 p.m.
Arrival at Lahad Datu Airport; end of expedition
4.00 p.m.
Fly back to Kota Kinabalu Airport
4.55 p.m.
Flight arrives at Kota Kinabalu Airport
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
13
Accommodations and Food
About Your Home in the Field
Sleeping
You’ll stay mainly at the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment
campsite at Malua, though the first night will be spent at
the Danum Valley Field Centre. The Malua campsite is
basic, but comfortable.
Participants will be accommodated in separate male
and female dormitories with hostel-style bunk beds at
Danum Valley and individual mattresses placed on raised
sleeping areas at Malua. Mosquito nets and pillows will be
provided in both locations; at Danum there are screens
on all windows, rather than mosquito nets on the beds.
Mattresses will be covered and blankets will also be
provided in both locations, although participants may wish
to bring their own single sheets or sheet sleeping bag to
use as a lighter cover.
14
The sleeping and dining areas are nonsmoking.
Bathrooms
Facilities include showers (not heated) fed by filtered
river water and western-style toilets. The toilets at the
Danum Valley Field Centre are situated just outside the
dormitories. At Malua, although the showers are directly
outside the dormitories, the toilets are situated on the
other side of the camp for hygienic reasons and are a
short, but possibly muddy, walk away. Please note that at
night this walk is not lit and involves the descent of a short
slope; participants must ensure they bring a good torch
(flashlight).
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Electricity
Diesel generators supply electricity at both sites. The
generator at the Danum Valley Field Centre usually
operates between 7:00 a.m. and 12:00 midnight. The
generator at Malua Field Camp operates from 7:00 a.m.
until 4:00 p.m. and from 7:00 p.m. until 12:00 midnight.
The electricity supply is at 230 to 240 volts through
standard U.K. three-pin sockets. Participants should
be aware that on occasion the power supply has failed.
Should this occur, staff will ensure that participants are
safe, and torches may be required for a short period of
time.
may involve slightly longer treks, and it should be noted
that terrain can be steep and slippery. Transport to the
research sites will be by four-wheel-drive pickup trucks.
Transport will be arranged by the Earthwatch scientists or
research assistants.
Food
Food will be provided at Danum Valley and the Sabah
Biodiversity Experiment camp at Malua in their cafeterias.
Participants will not be required to help with food
preparation, or cooking, or washing up. Earthwatch
scientists will usually share meals with participants.
Following are examples of the foods you might expect in
the field. Variety depends on availability, and while this list
provides a general idea of food types, please be flexible.
Internet and Communications
Internet access is not readily available at the facilities.
Internet connection is, however, available at the Borneo
Rainforest Lodge during the recreational day should you
have a wireless-enabled device (phone, etc.). Please
be aware that the climate is not favorable for electronic
equipment (e.g., laptops, cameras), which should stay in
Ziploc bags when not in use. Or you may wish to consider
bringing a dry box for cameras, etc. You may also find
silica gel sachets useful.
Facilities and Amenities
Amenities include a washing machine, seating areas, and
separate dining facilities. There are small tourist shops at
the Danum Valley Field Centre reception and the Borneo
Rainforest Lodge where souvenirs may be purchased.
At Malua Field Camp there is a small, family-run shop at
where drinks and snacks can be bought.
Distance to Field Site
The research sites are located 0.5 to two kilometers (0.3
to 1.2 miles) from the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment
Campsite at Malua. The furthest sites at Malua will
normally be accessed by vehicle where possible, with
journey times varying according to road conditions. Treks
through the forest to access research sites will normally
be less than 2 kilometers (1.2 miles), though some sites
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Breakfast: Self-service buffet of fried or scrambled eggs,
noodles, toasted bread, and cereals.
Lunch: Packed lunches when in the field; fried rice,
noodles, or sandwiches.
Dinner: Simple Malaysian-style home cooking, usually
consisting of steamed rice and vegetables, chicken, beef,
and/or fish dishes. Fresh fruit for dessert.
Snacks/Other: Fried bananas, other local snacks, and
biscuits (cookies) are available at the field center for
morning coffee and afternoon tea. While in the field,
participants should bring their own snacks, which can be
bought in Kota Kinabalu or Lahad Datu on arrival. There
are also small shops at Danum and Malua where the team
will be based.
Beverages: Tea and coffee are always available at the field
centers.
Water: Drinking water at the field centers is boiled and
safe for drinking.
Special Dietary Requirements
Please alert Earthwatch to any special dietary
requirements (e.g., vegetarian or vegan diets, diabetes,
lactose intolerance, nut or other serious food allergies) as
soon as possible, and note them in the space provided on
your volunteer forms. Accommodating special diets is not
guaranteed and can be very difficult due to availability of
food, location of field sites, and other local conditions.
15
Travel Planning
Rendezvous and Departure Information
The rendezvous and departure information for this project has been removed from this web version of the expedition
briefing. It is only available in the printed version of the briefing. Please do not make any travel arrangements to join
an expedition without having full and up-to-date travel information from Earthwatch. Full rendezvous details, including
places and times are available from Earthwatch upon request prior to registration for an expedition. Please use the
“Contact Us” button on the top right-hand corner of the website to get in touch with an Earthwatch representative, who
will be very happy to help you.
16
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Travel Tips
Suggestions for the Road
Luggage
Your Destination
Lost and delayed luggage: If your luggage goes astray,
have the airline send it to: Danum Valley Field Centre, PO
Box 60282, 91112 Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Language: Bahasa Malaysia is the national language
of Sabah, though English is widely spoken and
most of the research assistants and others working with
Earthwatchers have at least conversational-level English
ability. The expedition will be conducted in English.
General considerations: Do not bring more luggage than
you can carry and handle on your own. If traveling by air
and checking your luggage, pack an extra set of field
clothing and personal essentials in your carry-on bag in
case your luggage is lost or delayed. Many airlines have
strict baggage policies; check with your airline on weight
limits, liquid restrictions, fees for checked baggage, etc.
Transferring luggage: If you will be taking an international
flight that has one or more connections within the country
of your destination, you must collect any checked bags at
the airport where you first arrive in the destination country.
After going through customs, you will have to recheck your
luggage before flying to your final destination.
Money Matters
Local currency: Malaysian Ringgit. See www.xe.com/ucc
for currency information and exchange rates.
Personal funds: We suggest that you bring around RM400
in cash, as well as credit cards. You will only need a little
money during the expedition; at the research site there
is almost nothing to spend money on, other than canned
drinks and snacks. There is a small gift shop at the Borneo
Rainforest Lodge. There are ATMs and international banks
in Kota Kinabalu and Lahad Datu, but there are no money
changing facilities at Danum or other research sites.
Getting cash from the airport ATMs can be difficult, but
the Hyatt has a reasonable exchange rate. Don’t bring
travelers’ checks; many banks won’t cash them.
The sum recommended above should cover local taxis.
As mentioned in the Rendezvous section (pg. 16), the fare
from the airport to the Hyatt is RM30 for a four-seat taxi
and RM38 for a six-seat taxi (rates subject to change).
Tipping is not expected, although moderate tips are
appreciated by field assistants, etc.
Departure taxes: Domestic flights: RM6.00; international
flights: RM45.00
Cultural considerations: Malaysia is a predominantly
Muslim country. Please dress conservatively and respect
cultural and religious sensitivities. Eating with the left
hand—or offering food to Malaysians with the left hand—
is considered impolite. Malaysians eat with spoons and
forks and seldom use knives. Do not wear shoes inside,
particularly in living areas. Do not eat pork in the presence
of Muslims. There is no problem with the consumption of
alcohol, although alcohol should not be offered to Muslims
unless they are known to drink. Considerable problems
can arise if visitors become overly familiar with Muslims of
the opposite sex. Strictly speaking, same-sex relationships
are illegal under Malaysian law, although in practice many
people are tolerant. Still, discretion is advised, especially
outside larger towns and cities. Malaysians are generally
fastidious about personal hygiene and will often shower
and change clothes two or three times per day. Please
observe at least a reasonable level of personal hygiene
and shower and change after working in the field.
Completely optionally, branded T-shirts or baseball caps
from you make welcome gifts for the field staff.
Time zone: GMT/UTC +8. For time worldwide with GMT/
UTC, see www.worldtimeserver.com.
Telephone dialing codes: When calling Malaysia from
another country, dial the country’s international dialing
code, followed by 60 and the number. When calling within
Malaysia, omit the 60 and dial 0. When calling another
country from Malaysia, dial 0, followed by the other
country’s country code and the number. Note: Check
with your cellphone provider for any carrier-specific
dialing codes you may need; many providers have dialing
procedures that differ from these directions. For additional
information, see www.kropla.com/dialcode.htm.
The international departure tax is often included in ticket
prices. Taxes are subject to change.
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
17
PASSPORTS AND VISAS
Will You Need a Passport?
Most volunteers traveling from outside Malaysia will
require a passport valid for at least six months beyond
the dates of travel.
Malaysia does not recognize dual nationality, so
technically you can be refused entry if you are found to
be holding two passports. If you are a dual national, it
is advisable to enter Malaysia on the passport on which
you exited your last country of departure.
Will You Need a Visa?
Citizens of the U.S., EU, Australia, Canada, and Japan
DO NOT need tourist visas for entry. Citizens of other
countries should check with their travel agent or a visa
agency for specific visa and entry requirements.
Information for Volunteers Requiring Visas ONLY
Type of visa to get: TOURIST
The purpose of your visit is for vacation, holiday or
travel. Immigration officials do not always understand
the concept of a “working vacation” or “volunteering.”
Words such as “working,” “volunteering,” “research,” or
“scientific expedition” can raise questions concerning
the country’s foreign labor laws and about official
scientific research permits and credentials, etc., to which
volunteers will not be equipped to respond on their own.
All required research permits for the project are in place
and have been approved by the proper authorities.
Where to get a Visa: Contact the nearest Malaysian
embassy or consulate to find out how to apply. Please
note that this process can take weeks or even months.
We strongly recommend using a visa agency, which can
both expedite and simplify the process.
Suggested Agencies
In the U.S.: Travisa; 212-613-2223; www.travisa.com
In Europe: CIBT, Inc. (UK); [email protected]; www.
uk.cibt.com
In Australia: Ask your travel agency if it can send your
visa application on your behalf.
18
Required information: You will need to send your
passport (valid for at least six months beyond your
stay), a visa application and immigration form, two to
four passport-size photos, and payment to the embassy
or visa agency (if applicable). Please be sure that your
passport is valid for at least six months beyond your stay.
Contact information: You may be required to list the
following contact information on your visa application
and immigration form:
Dr. Glen Reynolds, Director
Royal Society, SEARRP, Danum Valley Field Centre
PO Box 60282, 91112 Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia
Tel: +60 (0) 89-841103 (office); +60 17 8167177 (mobile)
[email protected] or [email protected]
Cost of a visa: Generally between US$40 and $100,
but varies from country to country and can cost up to
US$180. A visa agency will charge an additional fee.
Volunteers Under 18 Years of Age
In an effort to prevent international child abduction,
many governments have procedures at entry and
exit points to protect minors. Thus, if a minor will be
traveling with only one guardian or alone, he or she
may need a notarized letter from all legal guardians
stating that the minor may travel unaccompanied or in
the presence of a single guardian. If necessary, this
letter must give an explanation for why only one parent
or someone other than a parent is signing the letter. For
example, if one parent is deceased, only one parent
has legal guardianship, or someone other than the
parents are legal guardians, the letter should state that.
Airlines may also have documentation requirements
for unaccompanied minors, e.g., a birth certificate or a
notarized letter like the one described above.
Important: Requirements of specific countries and
airlines vary and change frequently. You must keep
informed of the requirements on your own to avoid
problems at immigration. If the minor is refused
entry into a country or onto a flight because of lack of
documentation, Earthwatch can do nothing to help.
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Project Conditions
The Field Environment
General Conditions
The information that follows is as accurate as possible, but
please keep in mind that conditions may change.
The terrain at Danum Valley and Ulu Segama–Malua is
mostly relatively gentle, though the local topography can
be steep. The ground can also be extremely muddy and
slippery when wet after the regular rainfall.
The temperature and relative humidity of southeastern
Sabah are typical of the equatorial rainforest. Mean
monthly rainfall ranges from approximately 15.5
centimeters (6.1 inches) in April to over 30 centimeters
(11.8 inches) in January, and tends to be highest in the
transition months following the equinoxes (May to June
and October to November) and also during the northerly
monsoon months of December to January.
The weather is expected to vary within the limits below:
Humidity 70% (day) to 95% (night)
Temperature range 68°F (20°C) to 95°F (35°C)
Altitude 656 feet (200 meters) to 1,312 feet (400 meters)
Eligibility Requirements
All participants must be able, independently or with the
assistance of a companion, to:
Follow verbal and/or visual instructions.
Enjoy being outdoors all day in varying weather
conditions, in the potential presence of wild animals
and insects.
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Tolerate working and traversing terrain in hot and
humid conditions with temperatures ranging between
20° and 35°C (68° and 95ºF) and humidity levels
between 70% and 95%.
Swim for a minimum distance of 20 meters (65 feet).
While this is not required for the research, it is a
safety precaution for participation in the event of flash
floods which can potentially occur or rivers or streams
swelling unexpectedly.
Comfortably hike to forest research sites for distances
of approximately two kilometers (1.2 miles) a day on
terrain that is mostly flat, but slippery and with some
steep areas, in hot and humid conditions.
Traverse and hike across slippery and sometimes
steep areas of forest for periods of three to six hours a
day while undertaking research tasks.
Get low enough to the ground to measure trees and
saplings and collect data, for periods of one to three
hours a day.
Carry up to 10 kilograms (22 pounds) of personal
equipment (water, snacks, waterproofs, first aid kits,
personal camera, etc.) to the research sites.
Get up into and down out of a vehicle and ride, seated
with seatbelt fastened, for about one to two hours on
some days over uneven roads and terrain, depending
on that day’s activity.
19
POTENTIAL HAZARDS
20
Hazard Type
Associated Risks and Precautions
Transportation
The main road is shared by team four-wheel-drive vehicles, minibuses, and road
maintenance vehicles. Roads are not always adequately maintained, which can create
dangerous situations when roads are wet and increase the risk of traffic accidents.
All passengers must be seated in their own seats and use seatbelts at all times. Only
experienced drivers who have been approved by senior staff are permitted to drive;
staff members are trained in off-road driving. Road travel is limited when possible. We
use only well-maintained vehicles with first-aid kits, tool kits, fire extinguishers, and
spare tires. Each project vehicle has a satellite phone or VHF radio. Vehicles will not be
overloaded, and rollbars are fitted to pickup trucks. No unauthorized passengers can
be carried in project vehicles. All bridges are assessed prior to crossing. Night driving
for recreational wildlife spotting will not exceed 10 kilometers (six miles) per hour; driving
during the night for other purposes, except in the case of an emergency, will not be
permitted. Staff will know when to expect teams and will implement a search if the team
fails to arrive at the expected time.
Accommodations
The floors at the Danum and Malua Field Centres (especially in bathrooms) and the
stairs at Malua Field Centre become slippery when wet. There is a risk of slipping or
falling. Be aware of the risk of slipping and falling and take care when walking barefoot
on floors and when using stairs, especially after rainfall. We reccommend that you use
walking boots for getting around during rainfall.
Walking/Hiking/
Climbing
There is a risk of getting lost in the forest; participants will always be accompanied
by research assistants when they go to the forest. Earthwatch scientists will monitor
who goes into the forest and ensure they return safely. Communications equipment,
compasses, and whistles will be carried. Staff is trained in search and rescue. Wet
weather conditions in the forest create the risk of falling branches or debris; therefore,
we will not enter the forest or return to base in the event of heavy rainfall.
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Terrain
The terrain at field sites can be rough or uneven and is mostly covered dense forest and
fallen trees; it is likely to be very slippery due to regular rainfall. There is risk of injury due
to falling over fallen trees, slipping, or tripping on uneven ground. You will be briefed
on risks of walking over rough terrain. You must wear hiking boots. Be aware of your
surroundings and watch where you step at all times when in the forest. Field sites will
be prepared with cleared access as much as is possible. Terrain at the field camps can
also be uneven and very slippery. Always wear appropriate footwear and use a torch
when walking around at night.
Animals/Insects
Sabah is home to a number of potentially dangerous animals. There is risk of attack
by large mammals (e.g., elephant, wild boar), as well as risk from venomous snakes,
scorpions, and other stinging and biting invertebrates (e.g., centipedes, wasps, hornets,
mosquitoes, sand flies, leeches, and ticks), many of which carry the risk of disease
transmission (e.g., malaria, dengue fever). Wear long-sleeved, lightweight clothing,
use insect repellent with DEET, and use mosquito nets when appropriate to protect
from insects. You will be briefed on appropriate cautions in the forest and on how to
avoid insects and other invertebrates (e.g., by shaking out shoes in the morning and
self-inspecting on a daily basis).You’ll be provided with anti-leech socks, and will be
made aware of the risks from dangerous animals and disease and the need to restrict
entrance to field sites if dangerous animals (e.g., elephants) are thought to be present.
Staff members are trained in treating snakebites and will train participants on how to
avoid snakes. They will carry a medical kit at all times in the field and are trained to
recognize and treat anaphylaxis. Those with allergies should bring along medications
(antihistamines, at least two EpiPens, etc.) as appropriate to relieve symptoms. Make
any allergies known to Earthwatch scientists and inform staff of your treatment needs
and location of any medication. Also note allergies on your Earthwatch Health Form.
Plants
Many plants have irritating sap, thorns, spines, or large and heavy fruits. You will be
briefed on potentially dangerous plants, how to recognize them, and the hazards posed
by falling fruits, branches, and trees. Fieldwork stops during windy conditions or heavy
rain when fruit, branch, and tree falls are more likely to occur.
Climate/Weather
The climate in Sabah is moderate for a tropical country, but the hot, humid climate in
combination with strenuous physical work can cause physical exhaustion, dehydration,
heatstroke, sunstroke, and sunburn. Acclimate slowly, carry and drink sufficient water
during fieldwork, and take precautions to avoid sun exposure: wear long-sleeved,
lightweight clothing and a hat and apply high-factor sunscreen. If you begin to feel
hot or ill, alert the Earthwatch scientists or project staff, cease strenuous activity, cool
down in the shade, and receive first aid if necessary. Intense rainstorms are common;
fieldwork and travel to field sites will stop during extreme weather conditions. If you
are sensitive to heat or humidity, you will find participation in this expedition difficult or
impossible. Many common prescriptions, including malaria prophylaxis, can increase
your sensitivity to sun and heat.
Because of the high humidity, persons using a hearing aid device may find it doesn’t
work properly. You should consider purchasing a hearing aid dehumidifier.
In/Near Water
The team may need to wade through rivers or streams during fieldwork. Earthwatch
scientists are trained in river crossing protocols, and will verify that participants
can swim. Field staff will monitor weather conditions constantly and will not attempt
crossings or will modify research locations if there is a likelihood of high water. The team
will not cross water that is deeper than below the knee of the smallest person on the
team. Always wear shoes to cross rivers and streams; we will let you know when this
may occur so that you can pack sandals if necessary.
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
21
Project Tasks/
Equipment
Earthwatchers will not be permitted to use dangerous work tools, including parangs
(machetes), catapults, and mechanical and electrical equipment. All tools are checked
for good condition, and only project staff members who are competent with tools can
use them. Fogging using a very light synthetic pyretheroid will take place within the
forest to assist in the capture of insects. You will not be close by for this, but there may
be some drift or remnants of the fog may persist. If anyone has particularly sensitive
skin, please speak to project staff and avoid the area of this activity.
Crossing suspension
bridges or using
aerial walkways
During the introductory walk around Danum and during recreational time at the Borneo
Rainforest Lodge, you will need to use suspension bridges (this is optional during
recreational time). There is a very low risk of bridge collapse and of slips and trips.
Project staff will ensure that bridges are in good condition and will be aware of their
maintenance history. The bridges have handrails and netting, which must be used. You
will be briefed on the maximum number of people who can cross the bridge at one
time; these instructions must be followed. Wooden walkways can be slippery when wet.
Wire netting covers them to prevent slips, but always wear walking boots when crossing.
Personal Security
Take the usual precautions for personal safety while traveling before and after the
expedition. Use common sense in urban centers and when in transit. Travel in pairs or
groups, avoid displays of money or other valuables, take taxis, and avoid traveling alone
or at night. It is always best practice to leave unnecessary valuables at home.
Swimming
Swimming in the rivers is permitted only when the water level is low and the current is
slack, as determined by project staff. Those who are not strong swimmers will not be
allowed to enter the river. All participants in this expedition must be able to swim at least
20 meters (65 feet). No one may swim after dark, alone, or while or after consuming
alcohol. Tubing and other adventure-related water activities are not permitted.
Disease/Infection
The team will be briefed on the risk of water-borne diseases, such as leptospirosis,
when swimming and showering (you will be showering with river water), and other
diseases.
Food will be prepared with clean hands, and vegetables will be cooked thoroughly.
All drinking water is boiled, and toilet facilities are cleaned and disinfected daily by the
staff. All meat and fish will be fresh or stored properly in a refrigerator. Maintain a strict
level of personal hygiene to reduce the possibility of disease or infection. Please see
the Health Information section (see pg. 24) for vaccination recommendations. Most
diseases are prevented with basic safety precautions (see pg. 24).
Distance to Medical
Care
22
The nearest fully equipped hospital is 63 kilometers (39 miles) from the field site, which
can be up to a four-hour drive away. If you have a chronic condition that could require
immediate medical care (e.g., allergies, heart conditions, kidney problems, severe
asthma, etc.), or if you are pregnant, please discuss participating with your physician.
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Safety
Health Information
Routine Immunizations
All volunteers should have the following up-to-date
immunizations: DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus), polio,
MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), and varicella (if you have
not already had chicken pox). Please be sure your tetanus
shot is current.
Medical decisions are the responsibility of each
volunteer and his or her doctor, and the following are
recommendations only. Earthwatch can only provide
details regarding suggested vaccinations, and we are not a
medical organization.
Project Vaccinations
REQUIRED: If traveling from countries or region where
yellow fever is endemic, you must have a certificate of
vaccination.
RECOMMENDED FOR HEALTH REASONS: Typhoid,
hepatitis A, hepatitis B, Japanese encephalitis, rabies
Advice Regarding Diseases
Traveler’s diarrhea affects many international travelers.
Diseases found in Malaysia include malaria, dengue
fever, filariasis, chikunguya, Japanese encephalitis, and
plague (carried by insects); avian flu; schistosomiasis and
leptospirosis (in fresh water); measles; and polio. Please
see the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(www.cdc.gov) or the World Health Organization (www.
who.int/) websites for more information on these conditions
and how to avoid them.
You can decrease your risk of most diseases above by
avoiding mosquito bites, practicing good hygiene, and
drinking only bottled or filtered water when appropriate.
If you feel ill or have any minor injuries (cuts, bruises)
that take longer than normal to heal once you return from
your trip, make sure you inform your doctor that you have
recently returned from a tropical region.
A few notes on vaccinations and treatment:
•Malaria: Chloroquine-resistant malaria is present in
the project area. Appropriate antimalarial prophylactic
medications include atovaquone plus proguanil
(Malarone), doxycycline (many brands and generics),
and mefloquine (Lariam and generics). Consult
your travel health provider for advice on malarial
prophylaxis. Cover up at dawn and dusk and use
insect repellent and mosquito nets as advised.
•Rabies: Vaccinations are generally recommended
for this expedition given the potential contact with
wildlife. The rabies pre-exposure vaccination consists
of three doses over a 28-day period. Please be sure
to consult your physician or travel health clinic well
before your expedition to ensure that you have time for
the full vaccination series. If you have previously been
vaccinated, a booster shot may be required.
Whether you have been vaccinated or not, always
avoid loose and stray dogs. The pre-exposure
vaccination does not eliminate the need for postexposure medical attention and treatment, but it does
provide additional protection against the disease in
event of a delay in treatment. In addition, bites or
scratches should be immediately and thoroughly
washed with soap, clean water, and a topical
povidone-iodine solution or ethanol.
Emergencies in the Field
In the case of an emergency in the field, first aid will
be given by staff members who are all fully trained in
emergency first aid. If medical facilities are required the
person to be transported by project vehicle to the nearest
medical facility, which is in Lahad Datu, 1.5 to two hours
away from Danum Valley. In the case of serious injury or
difficult access to locations by road, evacuation can be
arranged by helicopter.
If a participant has to depart the project early for a
personal emergency, that individual would be transported
to the airport in Lahad Datu by a member of the project
staff. Please note that participants may leave the
expedition early ONLY in cases of emergency.
Proximity to Medical Care
Physician, nurse, or EMT on staff: Project staff are not
medical professionals
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
23
Staff certified in safety training: All Royal Society SEARRP
staff have advanced training in emergency first aid.
CPR: Dr. Glen Reynolds, Dzaeman Dzulkifli, Kogila Vani
Annammala, Yeong Kok Loong, Philip Ulok
Nearest fully equipped hospital:
Lahad Datu Hospital
Peti Surat 65, 91007 Lahad Datu, Sabah
Tel: (+6089) 88-1522
Fax: (+6089) 88-4670
Distance: Two hours by vehicle from Danum Valley; up to
four hours from the Malua campsite. A helicopter would
take one hour from either Tawau or Sandakan or 2 hours
from Kota Kinabalu to arrive. Flight time from Danum to
Lahad Datu hospital is approx. 30 minutes.
INSURANCE
MedEvac assistance, advice, and insurance are included
in the contribution you pay to Earthwatch. The insurance
covers your travel medical risks, including medical
expenses and emergency medical evacuation, while you
are traveling. It also provides trip cancelation insurance
and baggage and personal money insurance. It doesn’t
provide personal liability insurance. This coverage is
valid in the country of your Earthwatch expedition and
during travel to and from your expedition. (Note: For
U.S. volunteers, the coverage is valid only when the
expedition is over 100 miles from your place of residence.
For Australia volunteers, the coverage is limited if the
expedition is less than 50 kilometers from your place of
residence).
This insurance policy is secondary to your existing health
insurance policy (e.g., NHS in the U.K., Medicare in
Australia).
24
Because of different governing laws in each country,
policies are specific to each regional Earthwatch office.
Please check with your sign-up office about your
insurance coverage.
If you signed up through Earthwatch U.K. or Earthwatch
Japan, visit: www.earthwatch.org/europe/insuranceinfo.
If you signed up through Earthwatch U.S., visit: www.
earthwatch.org/insurance.
If you signed up through the U.K., U.S., or Japan: If you
have additional vacation time before and/or after your
Earthwatch expedition that forms part of your overall time
away from your place of residence, this additional vacation
time is not covered under this policy.
If you signed up through Earthwatch Australia, visit: www.
earthwatch.org/australia/expeditions/insurance/ or contact
Earthwatch Australia.
Please refer any queries regarding Earthwatch’s policy to
Earthwatch’s Operations Department at 978-450-1222 or
[email protected].
Emergency Medical and Evacuation
Assistance
Emergency medical and evacuation assistance from
CEGA Medical, a 24-hour international service, is also
included in your contribution. Please see the contact
information in the Medical and Security Assistance
Helpline Numbers section on the inside back cover.
You can also call CEGA for non-emergency information
before your trip, such as advice on visas and vaccine
requirements.
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Project Staff
Your Resources in the Field
Earthwatch scientist Dr. Glen Reynolds has been the program manager and senior scientist at
SEARRP since 2000, and is now the director. He is based at the Danum Valley Field Centre. He
is also a research fellow in the Department of Geography at the University of Wales, Swansea,
and an honorary research fellow of the NERC Centre for Population Biology at Silwood Park. He
earned his B.S. (Honors) in horticulture at Wye College, University of London, and his Ph.D. at
Imperial College, London, where he focused on vegetative propagation and the early development
of dipterocarp cuttings. His main research interests include forest rehabilitation and its impacts on
ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. Glen is fluent in Bahasa Malaysia. His interests include
hiking, cooking, horticulture, theater, reading, and running. Although Glen will be present on all
teams, he will not always be present for the entire duration. All teams.
Dzaeman Dzulkifli is a graduate zoologist from Queen Mary University, London. He completed his
M.S. at the University of Zurich, where he looked at the growth and survival tradeoffs of 16 species
of dipterocarp seedlings. He is currently based in Switzerland and is undertaking his Ph.D. at
the University of Zurich, studying tropical rainforest restoration (based in the Sabah Biodiversity
Experiment), in particular the growth rates of dipterocarp trees that dominate these forests, and
the impacts forest management schemes have on insect diversity and community structure.
Participants will help Dzaeman collect data on a vast number of dipterocarp seedlings that have
been planted in the past two years. Dzaeman is a keen photographer and enjoys many outdoor
activities, including mountain biking, hiking, rock climbing, snowboarding, fishing, and traveling.
Teams 1-3
Kogila Vani Annammala completed her M.S., which focused on hydrocarbon contamination in the
tropical coastal waters of Sabah, in 2008. She is currently undertaking her Ph.D., jointly supervised
by Associate Professor Kawi Bidin and Professor Rory Walsh, which focuses on erosion rates and
sediment fingerprinting using tracers and radionuclide fallouts to identify sediment sources along
the Segama River. She is a nature lover and enjoys meditating, cooking, artwork, and outdoor
games. Participants will assist Vani in collecting data on local erosion and soil moisture levels in
the forest. Vani will also be the main point of contact for participants during their time at Malua. All
teams.
Yeong Kok Loong, known as Benny, is from Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. He graduated
with a master of science in forestry from the University of Malaysia Sabah, where he was funded
by a university scholarship. He began his Ph.D. in January 2010 at the University of Malaysia
Sabah, jointly supervised by Associate Professor John Tay and Professor Jane Hill. His research
aims to investigate the dynamics of dipterocarp seedlings in forest fragments within the oil palm
plantations in Sabah. This research will address ecological concepts related to forest regeneration
and ecosystem functioning, as well as providing information and practical advice to the plantation
managers. Benny will be assisted by the participants and research assistants for his projects.
During his leisure time he likes to read, swim, and get involved in outdoor activities. All teams.
Philip Ulok is the senior research assistant and manager of the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment. Philip has worked with
SEARRP since 2001 and, before this, on a large-scale forest rehabilitation project based close to Danum Valley. Philip is
experienced in managing large teams has excellent plant identification skills (he received training in the U.K. at the Royal
Botanic Gardens Kew), and speaks fluent English. He also plays a wide range of sports. All teams.
Note: Staff schedules are subject to change.
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
25
Recommended Reading
Your Resources at Home
resources
Project-related Websites
South East Asia Rainforest Research Programme: www.
searrp.org/
Project Field Report
Each Earthwatch-supported project submits a report on
past research and results. The most recent field report
for this project is available online at www.earthwatch.org/
FieldReportpdf/Reynolds_FieldReport2010.pdf. Note that
reports are not available for all projects.
Earthwatch’s Volunteer Resources
Please see Earthwatch’s Volunteer Resources pages for
additional information on:
•Travel agencies with whom Earthwatch volunteers
can get preferential rates
Volunteers who sign up through our U.S. office, visit:
www.earthwatch.org/volunteerresources
Volunteers who sign up through our U.K. office, visit:
www.earthwatch.org/europe/volunteerresources
Social media: Find Earthwatch on Facebook at www.
facebook.com/Earthwatch, follow us on Twitter at @
earthwatch_org, and see videos of many Earthwatch
expeditions on YouTube at www.youtube.com/
earthwatchinstitute. If you’re on Twitter, use the hashtag
“#globaltweet” when in the field with Earthwatch to
help literally put your work on the map of worldwide
volunteering efforts. We also invite you to use the
Facebook and TurnTo plug-in features right on our
website’s expedition pages to connect with other
volunteers and staff.
•Recommended kit and clothing providers
•Recommended travel booksellers
26
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Participant Rights and
Responsibilities
This document contains important information concerning
Earthwatch Institute policies and participant rights and
responsibilities for inclusion in an Earthwatch expedition.
Please read this document thoroughly and sign the
Liability Release section of your Earthwatch Participation
Form to indicate that you understand and accept the
risks inherent to your expedition and the policies, rights,
and responsibilities enumerated in this document. You
will not be permitted to participate in an expedition until
Earthwatch has received the signed release form.
Intellectual Property Rights
It is permissible to share photos, videos, and stories of
your expedition with family, friends, local media, and
in a public forum. Sharing your new perspectives and
experiences is welcomed and encouraged.
However, please recognize that all information, data,
and images shared or gathered in the course of your
expedition’s field work become the intellectual property of
the Earthwatch scientist. Co-opting or plagiarism of data,
images, or information gathered during an expedition for
use in a scientific thesis, master’s, or Ph.D. work, or for
profit or for the academic or business use of a third party
without the permission of the Earthwatch scientist is strictly
prohibited. Please be aware that data gathered during
the interviewing of local people become the intellectual
property of the Earthwatch scientist. Earthwatch scientists
have the right to place additional restrictions on your ability
to share data or certain research-related images.
law and respects participants’ right to privacy. However,
you must be aware that local laws in countries in which
Earthwatch operates may not be antidiscriminatory
and that the possibility exists that local residents may
not have an awareness of preferred practice regarding
discrimination.
Discrimination on the basis of race, religion, ethnicity,
national origin, gender, or sexual orientation will not be
tolerated on Earthwatch teams. Disruptive behavior or
verbal, physical, or any other type of abuse or harassment
will also not be tolerated. Violation of Earthwatch’s
nondiscrimination policy is grounds for expulsion from the
program without a refund.
Intimate relationships
Earthwatch scientists, their staff, their colleagues, and
their associates are prohibited from becoming romantically
involved with participants during the entire duration of the
period that the team is in the field. Romantic relationships
that may otherwise seem permissible may eventually
create an unpleasant or unproductive work environment
and are therefore prohibited for the duration of an
Earthwatch project.
Sexual Harassment
Please recognize that the relationship that exists between
Earthwatch scientists and staff and participants is
analogous to the student-teacher relationship. Therefore,
please be aware of the following policies.
Conversely, an Earthwatch scientist may give written
permission to use data and images for academic
or profitable activity. Please be sure to ask what is
acceptable to the Earthwatch scientist.
Sexual harassment of participants by the Earthwatch
scientist or Earthwatch staff is prohibited. Likewise, sexual
harassment of other participants, Earthwatch field staff, or
local people by participants is also prohibited.
Fellows or scholarship recipients are sometimes required
to submit a written report reflecting what they have learned
on a project, sometimes as a step toward developing a
curriculum. Earthwatch scientists have the right but not the
obligation to review and edit materials involving information
gathered on one of their expeditions.
Sexual harassment infringes on an individual’s right to an
environment free from unsolicited and unwelcome sexual
overtones of conduct either verbal or physical. Sexual
harassment does not mean occasional compliments of a
socially acceptable nature.
Discrimination
Earthwatch does not discriminate on the basis of
race, religion, ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual
orientation, or any other reason prohibited by applicable
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Sexual harassment refers to conduct which is offensive,
which harms morale, or which interferes with the
effectiveness of Earthwatch expedition teams; such
conduct is prohibited. Lewd or vulgar remarks, suggestive
comments, displaying derogatory posters, cartoons,
or drawings, pressure for dates or sexual favors, and
27
unacceptable physical contact or exposure are examples
of what can constitute harassment. No one should be
touched in areas that would be covered by a bathing suit.
It is important to realize that what may not be offensive to
you may be offensive to participants, the local population,
or Earthwatch field staff.
Any individual who feels subjected to sexual harassment
or has any knowledge of such behavior should report it
at once to the Earthwatch scientist, Field Team Leader, or
other Earthwatch staff member. The Earthwatch scientist
or Field Team Leader will notify Earthwatch when an
accusation of sexual harassment or abuse is made or
when such conduct is witnessed.
All reports of sexual harassment will be handled
with discretion and will be promptly and thoroughly
investigated. Any participant who is found to have engaged
in conduct constituting sexual harassment will be removed
from the expedition at his or her own expense. If a minor
is involved in allegations of sexual harassment, his or her
parents or guardians will be contacted.
Drugs
Laws on drug use in most countries are severe and may
impose lengthy prison terms or the death penalty. The
manufacture, possession, use, purchase, or sale of illegal
drugs or other illegal substances while on an Earthwatch
expedition is strictly prohibited. Prescription drugs may
only be purchased and used by the individual indicated
on the prescription in keeping with their intended use
guidelines.
28
Alcohol
Local statutes, customs, practices, ordinances, and
regulations with regard to the use, possession, sale, or
purchase of alcohol are applicable to all participants
and project staff on Earthwatch expeditions. Participants
and project staff on Earthwatch expeditions must comply
with the law of the country in which a project is located
regarding the minimum age required to consume alcohol.
In addition, restriction on the use, possession, sale,
or purchase of alcohol may be set by the Earthwatch
scientist. Any restrictions on the consumption of alcohol
should be clearly outlined by the project staff in the on-site
briefing to participants at the start of the project and in the
expedition briefing.
Consumption or possession of alcohol or smoking is not
permitted on any Earthwatch Teen Team, regardless of
local law.
Excessive consumption of alcohol by staff or participants
is not acceptable on any Earthwatch project. Intoxication
can jeopardize personal safety, in addition to the safety of
the team. It can also cause delay and hinder response in
the event of a crisis or emergency situation.
Earthwatch staff and the Earthwatch scientist have the
discretion to remove individuals from the project who
consume alcohol in a time and manner that endanger the
safety and/or productivity of the expedition.
Minors
Earthwatch considers participants less than eighteen (18)
years of age to be minors. Minors are not permitted to
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
participate on any of Earthwatch’s standard teams unless
accompanied by a parent or legal guardian, in which case
the minimum age is fifteen (15). Guardians accompanying
minors on standard teams must be 21 years of age or
over. Minors on standard teams do not receive additional
guidance or supervision from Earthwatch beyond what
is offered to the adult participants. The total number of
minors on standard teams may be limited on a project by
project basis; this will be noted in the expedition briefing.
A maximum of two minors may accompany each parent or
guardian on a standard or Family Team. Earthwatch has
developed teams specifically for 15-, 16- and 17-year-olds
(“Teen Teams”) as well as teams specifically for families
(“Family Teams”) with children as young as 10 years.
These teams focus on the same research activities and
have the same expectations as our regular teams, but
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
with more facilitation and support. Exceptions for some
projects may be made at the discretion of Earthwatch and
the Earthwatch scientist. Due to a more in-depth screening
process for certain programs that select candidates based
on school year rather than age, there may be 18-year-olds
fielding on the same team as 15-, 16- and 17-year-olds.
Please be aware that some Earthwatch projects do not
allow participation by minors in any circumstance.
Participants and Driving
Participants are not allowed to drive project vehicles
(including motorcycles or all terrain vehicles) or aircraft
during an expedition. In select circumstances, participants
may be able to drive boats under the direct supervision by
project staff. These circumstances are predetermined by
project staff in collaboration with Earthwatch. Participants
29
must respect the restrictions for boat driving in place for
each project.
If a project environment is such that participants can drive
their own vehicles to the rendezvous, those who have
driven themselves to the project may not drive their own
vehicles to, from, or for project activities, including the
transport of project equipment after arriving at the site.
Participants who have driven themselves to the
project may choose to utilize their own vehicles during
recreational time, but project staff will brief them on any
driving restrictions. All driving during recreational time is
done at your own risk.
Please be advised that the only exception to the above
driving restrictions is emergency situations.
Riding in other participants’ vehicles is not covered under
the participants’ insurance policy for the expedition. Riding
in another participant’s vehicle is done at a participant’s
own risk.
In the Event of an Emergency
In the event of emergencies, judgments must be made by
Earthwatch field staff and participants. While Earthwatch
makes an effort to ensure that qualified people make the
most informed decisions possible, occasionally first aid
may be administered and other immediate steps taken
by expedition participants who are not licensed medical
providers.
Each Earthwatch expedition has safety protocols and
emergency procedures in place. Earthwatch encourages
team members (the field staff and participants) to exercise
their best judgment with regard to their own safety and
the safety of other team members. Other participants
may perform “Good Samaritan” actions, or actions taken
to assist fellow participants during emergency situations
in the field. However, Earthwatch does not encourage
or expect you to jeopardize your own safety or that of
others in attempting to rescue or assist your fellow team
members.
Right of Refusal
Earthwatch reserves the right to refuse an applicant’s
participation in an Earthwatch project at any time and
to terminate any work being done by a participant
and require the participant to vacate the project site if
the Earthwatch scientist, Field Team Leader, or other
Earthwatch staff member in his or her absolute discretion
considers it appropriate. In this event, the participant
(and his or her parents or guardians, if appropriate)
30
will be responsible for arranging and paying for any
accommodation, travel, or other arrangements which may
be necessary following the termination of a participant’s
involvement in a project, for whatever reason, and will not
be eligible for a refund.
Earthwatch may not refuse an applicant’s participation
in a project for discriminatory reasons (race, religion,
ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, or
any other reason prohibited by applicable law). However,
an application may be denied in the interest of team
compatibility or due to logistical limitations. Earthwatch
will make reasonable efforts to accommodate participants
with disabilities, and the organization endeavors to
find appropriate expeditions for those participants who
have physical limitations. Refusal of an applicant is an
unusual event and is generally done either because
of an applicant’s failure to meet the essential eligibility
requirements of a particular project or in the interest of
team compatibility. In the event that an applicant is refused
participation for health reasons, Earthwatch will refund in
full any deposit or payment made toward the expedition.
Earthwatch scientists have the right to refuse special
requests, such as visits by media (film, photography, or
print), special groups, or teams (students, donors, etc.), if
they conflict with Earthwatch scientist schedules, safety,
research objectives, or general performance of the team.
Any participant found in violation of any of the policies
described in this document (“Participant Rights and
Responsibilities”) is subject to removal from the team at
his or her own expense. By signing the Liability Release
section of your Earthwatch Participation Form, you are
indicating that you have read and understand the policies
in this document. Removal of a participant from a team is
at the discretion of the Earthwatch scientist, Field Team
Leader, or other Earthwatch staff. In addition, Earthwatch
will support the right of the Earthwatch scientist, Field
Team Leader, or other Earthwatch staff to send a
participant away from a project once in the field should
his or her behavior compromise the safety, research
objectives, or general performance of the team, or if the
participant has violated a stated policy. In the event that a
minor is dismissed from a project, Earthwatch will contact
the participant’s parents or guardians prior to his or her
dismissal. Should a participant be removed from a team,
he or she is responsible for any and all costs associated
with departure from the team and will receive neither
refund of the minimum contribution for the expedition nor
any expenses incurred by participation on the expedition.
(November 2012)
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Communications
Contact Information
Emergency Communications
Personal Communications
Barring unforeseen difficulties, satellite broadband Internet
access and telephone communications are available
at the main field bases (Danum Valley and Malua).
Satellite telephones are available for use in emergency
situations only. There will be mobile phone coverage at
the rendezvous point in Lahad Datu but not in any of the
field sites. As communication options are limited, a strict
journey management plan is enforced to ensure that camp
managers know when to expect teams and can implement
searches if they do not appear. Two or more field staff will
always travel with each team or group to ensure someone
can go for help if necessary.
There will be no communication possibilities for
participants while in the field except during the recreation
day, when phone signal and/or Wi-Fi will hopefully be
available at the Borneo Rainforest Lodge but this is not
guaranteed. Should an emergency arise project staff and
Earthwatch can be in contact using satellite phones. See
the Travel Tips section (pg. 18) for dialling codes and time
difference.
Internet and telephone communications are not available
at night, and sometimes connections go down during
the day. Having several forms of communication should
ensure there is always some means available to contact
outside help in the event of an emergency.
Personal communication with outsiders is not always
possible while participating in an expedition. Earthwatch
encourages volunteers to minimize outgoing calls and
immerse themselves in the experience; likewise, family
and friends should restrict calls to urgent messages only.
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
The telephone numbers in Danum Valley are:
General office: +60 (0) 89-841101
Royal Society SEARRP: +60 (0) 89-841103
31
Message from Earthwatch
Dear Earthwatcher,
Thank you for joining this expedition! We greatly appreciate your decision to contribute to hands-on environmental
science and conservation.
As an Earthwatch volunteer, you have the opportunity to create positive change. And while you’re out in the field working
toward that change, we are committed to caring for your safety. Although risk is an inherent part of the environments in
which we work, we’ve been providing volunteer field experiences with careful risk management and diligent planning for
over 40 years. You’re in good hands.
We hope this expedition will inspire you to get more involved in conservation and sustainable development priorities—not
just out in the field, but also when you return home. We encourage you to share your experiences with others, and to
transfer your skills and enthusiasm to environmental conservation efforts in your workplace, community, and home.
If you have questions as you prepare for your expedition, contact your Earthwatch office. Thank you for your support, and
enjoy your expedition!
Sincerely,
Larry Mason
President and CEO
Connect wit
h other
Earthwatch
ers! Find
us on Face
book at
facebook.c
om/
Earthwatch
Earthwatch’s 24-Hour Helpline
If you need help at any time, call Earthwatch’s 24-hour
on-call duty officer in the U.K.:
+44 (0) 7900-895-752
If you reach voicemail, state that you have an
emergency communication and leave a clear message
with the name of the field program, your name, the
location from which you are calling, and, if possible,
a phone number where you can be reached. An
Earthwatch staff person will respond to your call within
one hour.
You may also call Earthwatch in the U.S.:
+1 (978) 461-0081
After business hours, leave your message with our live
answering service who will contact an Earthwatch staff
person who will respond to your call.
32
us on
d
n
i
f
or
r at
Twitte h_org
hwatc
@eart
Medical and Security
Assistance Helpline Numbers
(For assistance while in the field)
When calling any of the helplines, please
mention Earthwatch and policy reference number
560020011200.
CEGA Emergency Medical & Travel Assistance:
+44 (0)20 3059 8770
You may call this number collect or reverse charges if
necessary in a medical emergency.
Henderson Risk Security Assistance and Advice:
+44 (0)20 3059 8772
[email protected]
Climate and Landscape Change in Borneo’s Rainforest 2013
Earthwatch U.S.
114 Western Ave.
Boston, MA 02134
[email protected]
www. earthwatch.org
Phone: 1-978-450-1246
Toll-Free: 1-800-776-0188
Fax: 1-978-461-2332
Earthwatch U.K.
Mayfield House
256 Banbury Rd.
Oxford, OX2 7DE
United Kingdom
Earthwatch Australia
126 Bank St.
South Melbourne,
VIC 3205
Australia
Earthwatch Japan
Food Science Bldg.4F
The University of Tokyo
1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku,
Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
[email protected]
www.earthwatch.org.uk
[email protected]
www.earthwatch.org/
australia
[email protected]
www.earthwatch.jp
Phone: 44-0-1865-318-838
Fax: 44-0-1865-311-383
Phone: 61-0-3-9016-7590
Fax: 61-0-3-9686-3652
Phone: 81-0-3-3511-3360
Fax: 81-0-3-3511-3364