Post War of 1812
Nationalism
1816-1824
“The Era of Good (& Bad) Feelings?”
Is there an American
“identity”?
How do people differ by region?
 Northeastern Society
 Mid Atlantic Society
 Better educated
 Less educated
 “Sober” society – didn’t
celebrate
 Less restrictive religiously
 Less diverse (English)
 Northwestern Society
 Customs came from previous
locations
 More self-sufficient
 Lower standard of living
 Most influenced by Mid Atlantic
states
 More diverse (English, German,
Dutch)
Election of 1816
 James Monroe
 183 electoral votes
 68% of popular vote
 Rufus King
 34 electoral votes
 31% of popular vote
 Federalist party is dead!
 Crushed in Congressional
elections of 1818
Election of 1820
 James Monroe
 228 electoral votes
 100% of popular vote
 Who runs for Federalists?
 Why does Monroe’s
Secretary of State, John
Quincy Adams, get one
electoral vote?
Monroe’s Presidency :
Era of Good Feelings
One Party Politics
Tariff of 1816
 Passed to protect
American industries
after War of 1812
 What would be
advantages and
disadvantages of high
tariffs?
 Would different regions
of the country feel
differently about the
tariff?
Bonus Bill of 1816
 2nd Bank of the United States
 Chartered 1816
 Alleviate inflation created from War of 1812
 U.S. needed to restore credit
 Bonus from Bank went to internal improvements
 Roads-Turnpikes, Post Roads, National Roads
 Canals-Erie Canal
 Harbor Improvements-Dredging, Piers,
Warehouses
Private Turnpikes
DeWitt Clinton – The Erie Canal
Robert Fulton’s Clermont
Results of
Internal
Improvements
The Panic of 1819
 Origins
 Drop in foodstuff exports
 Easy credit and speculative boom
 Drop in production from war
 Nationwide collapse in economy
 Rise in unemployment
 Blamed on Bank of the U.S.
 Langdon Cheves restored credit by 1822
Westward expansion
What issues will the country face moving westward?
Any potential foreign
conflicts?
The Convention of 1818
 England and U.S.
 Limited military use of Great Lakes (Rush-Bagot Treaty
of 1817)
 Established border between U.S. & Canada (49th parallel)
 Joint occupancy of Oregon; resolved later
Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819
 U.S. and Spain
 U.S. gets Florida
 U.S. cedes claims on Texas
 Establishes boundary between Spanish possessions & Louisiana
The West & the NW: 1819-1824
Monroe Doctrine Provisions
 Western Hemisphere
closed to European
colonization
 NO European intervention
in internal affairs of any
Western Hemisphere
nation
 No American intervention
in European affairs
 Secretary of State John
Quincy Adams
 Later corollaries
Any potential internal
conflicts?
The Expansion of Slavery
 As U.S. moves west so does
slavery
 Major crops
 Tobacco in Chesapeake
(waning)
 Rice in South Carolina
(waning)
 Sugar in Louisiana
 Cotton becomes the
MAJOR crop (also labor
intensive)
 The Cotton Belt
The Expansion of Slavery
 Population in 1775=500,000
 Population in 1820=1.8 mil.
 Reasons?
 No importation after
1808. Why?
 Need for labor on cotton
plantations
 Demand for cotton
 Invention of cotton gin
The Expansion of Slavery
 Problem with cotton harvesting
 Difficulty separating seed from fiber
 Needed quicker way to harvest
 Eli Whitney
 New England
 Tutor in South Carolina
 Invented cotton gin in 1794
 Mechanically separated seed from
fiber
 Led to tremendous boom in cotton
production
As we add western states,
what question comes with
statehood?
The Argument over Missouri
 Slaveholding Missouri applies
as a state
 Rep. James Tallmadge, Jr. (NY)
 Tallmadge amendment
No Missouri statehood
with slavery
No more slaves added;
and all to be freed
 House opposed to Missouri as
a slave state. Why?
 Senate in favor of Missouri as a
slave state. Why?
The Missouri Compromise
 Henry Clay
 Maine = free state
 Missouri = slave state
 Thomas Proviso
 No slavery north of 360
30’ latitude in Louisiana
Purchase (Missouri
Compromise Line)
 Crisis brought out:
 South’s commitment to
slavery
 North’s resentment of
southern political power
 Beginning of abolition
movement
Missouri Compromise
As we add western states,
what will be the impact on
non-white cultures?
Slavery
 Culture more unified
Many adopted Christianity
Many identified with persecution of Christ
Some kept traditional religion
Some combined traditional religion with
Christianity
Formed families and communities (safety)
 Within slave culture always fear of being sold
Slavery – Gabriel’s Rebellion
 Gabriel Prosser
 Enslaved blacksmith
 organized hundreds of
followers
 Planned to seize Richmond;
bargain for freedom
 Prosser and 34 supporters
hunted down
 executed in Richmond on Aug.
30, 1800
 two slaves revealed uprising
 Pardoned by governor of
Virginia in 2007
Slavery – Vesey Conspiracy
 Denmark Vesey
 Slave who purchased freedom
 Over 1000 free and enslaved blacks
involved
 Planned for July 1822
 Used position as Methodist minister
to organize
 loyal slave told master about plot to
seize the city of Charleston
 South Carolina authorities moved
swiftly
 Vesey and 36 of co-conspirators
hanged
Free Blacks
About 5% of
population in 1820
Tendencies
Low wages
Menial jobs (labor)
Experienced racial
prejudice north and
south
Native Americans
U.S. wanted
assimilation
Property ownership
Attempts to
Christianize
Most groups
resisted
Native Americans – Cherokee
Had assimilated in
South Carolina and
Georgia
Many were mixed
blood
(Indian/Spanish or
Indian/White)
Prosperous
economically
Native Americans – Cherokee
 Written language
(Sequoyah)
 Tribal leaders
supported
assimilation
 New tribal leaders
(1827) opposed
assimilation
 Will lead to removal
 Trail of Tears
What are the positive and
negative impacts of
westward expansion?