Connected Communities
Gypsies, Roma & Irish Travellers:
Histories, Perceptions and
Representations
Research Review Sources
Jodie Matthews
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GYPSIES, TRAVELLERS & IRISH TRAVELLERS
Research review
Sources consulted
This bibliography relates to academic research published after 2002 specifically on the
subject of Romani/Gypsy, Roma and Irish and Scottish Traveller histories and
representations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Britain (mostly excluding
Ireland). It does not include theoretical or methodological texts or those used for
comparison in the discussion paper and full report associated with this project. Nor does it
list work undertaken on the contemporary experience or representation of these
communities. The full research review draws on texts published prior to 2002 in order to
situate the most recent work. This list draws almost entirely from research in the arts and
humanities, unless research published under the heading of other disciplines (for instance
cultural geography or the social sciences) directly pertains to issues of history and
representation. This is by no means an exhaustive list of works published in the field, but an
indication of how that field stood between 2002 and 2012, the topics covered and the
journals and publishing houses with which research in this field finds an outlet.
Acton, Thomas and Andrew Ryder. ‘Recognising Gypsy/Traveller History and Culture'. In
Gypsies and Travellers: Empowerment and Inclusion in British Society. Ed. by Joanna
Richardson and Andrew Ryder. Bristol: Policy Press, 2012.
Acton, Thomas. ‘Modernity, Culture and “Gypsies”: Is There a Meta-Scientific Method for
Understanding the Representation of “Gypsies”? And Do the Dutch Really Exist?’ In
The Role of the Romanies: Images and Counter-Images of 'Gypsies'/Romanies in
European Cultures. Ed. by Susan Tebbut and Nicholas Saul. Liverpool: Liverpool
University Press, 2004.
Acton, Thomas and Michael Hayes. Counter-Hegemony and the Postcolonial ‘Other’.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2006.
Agarin, Timofey. ‘Review of Multi-Disciplinary Approaches to Romany Studies’. Romani
Studies 21: 2 (2011).
Allen, G. ‘Gypsy Ballads’. Agenda 45:3 (2010).
Baar, Huub van. ‘From “Time-Banditry” to the Challenge of Established Historiographies:
Romany Contributions to Old and New Images of the Holocaust’. In Multi-Disciplinary
Approaches to Romany Studies. Ed. by Michael Stewart and Márton Rövid. Budapest:
Central European University 2010.
Baar, Huub van. ‘Cultural Policy and the Governmentalization of Holocaust Remembrance in
Europe: Romani Memory between Denial and Recognition’. International Journal of
Cultural Policy 17:1 (2010).
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GYPSIES, TRAVELLERS & IRISH TRAVELLERS
Bancroft, Angus. Roma and Gypsy-Travellers in Europe : Modernity, Race, Space, and
Exclusion. Aldershot; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2005.
Bardi, Abigail. ‘The Gypsy as Trope in Victorian and Modern British Literature’. PhD Diss.
University of Maryland, 2007.
Bardsley, Alyson. ‘In and around the Borders of the Nation in Scott's Guy Mannering’.
Nineteenth-Century Contexts 24: 4 (2002).
Bas, Damian Le. ‘The Possible Implications of Diasporic Consciousness for Romani Identity’.
In All Change! Romani Studies through Romani Eyes. Ed. by Damian Le Bas and
Thomas Acton. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, 2010.
Belton, Brian. ‘Knowing Gypsies’. In All Change! Romani Studies through Romani Eyes.
Belton, Brian. Gypsy and Traveller Ethnicity: The Social Generation of an Ethnic
Phenomenon. London: Routledge, 2005.
Belton, Brian. Questioning Gypsy Identity: Ethnic Narratives in Britain and America. Walnut
Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2005.
Bhopal, Kalwant and Martin Myers. Insiders, Outsides and Others: Gypsies and Identity.
Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, 2008.
Bhreatnach, Ciara, and Aoife Bhreatnach (eds). Portraying Irish Travellers: Histories and
Representations. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2006.
Blair, Kirstie. ‘Gypsies and Lesbian Desire: Vita Sackville-West, Violet Trefusis, and Virginia
Woolf’. Twentieth Century Literature 50:2 (2004).
Blasco, Paloma Gay Y, ‘Picturing “Gypsies”: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Roma
Representation’. Third Text 22:3 (2008).
Bowen, Paul. ‘The Schooling of Gypsy Children in Surrey 1906–1933’. Journal of Educational
Administration and History 36:1 (2004).
Bowers, Jake. ‘Gypsies and Travellers Accessing Their Own Past: The Surry Project and
Aspects of Minority Representation’. In Travellers, Gypsies, Roma: The Demonisation
of Difference. Ed. by Michael Hayes and T. A. Acton. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars,
2007.
Bown, Nicola. ‘“Will He, Won't He? Will She, Won't She?” Fortune-Telling and Female
Subjectivity in John Everett Millais's the Bridesmaid’. Women: A Cultural Review 13:
1 (2002).
Braid, Donald. Scottish Traveller Tales: Lives Shaped through Stories. Jackson, MS: University
Press of Mississippi, 2002.
Brantlinger, Patrick. ‘Review of Deborah Epstein Nord, Gypsies and the British Imagination,
1807-1930’. Journal of Victorian Culture 12:1 (2007).
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GYPSIES, TRAVELLERS & IRISH TRAVELLERS
Buckler, Sal. ‘Fire in the Dark: Telling Gypsiness in North East England’. Durham, 2003.
Burke, Mary. ‘Eighteenth-Century European Scholarship and Nineteenth-Century Irish
Literature: Synge’s Tinker’s Wedding and the Orientalising of “Irish Gypsies”’. In The
Irish Revival Reappraised. Ed. by Betsey Taylor FitzSimon and James H. Murphy.
Dublin: Four Courts, 2004.
Burke, Mary. ‘Dwellers in Archaic Cultural Time: “Gypsies”, “Tinkers” and “Gaels” in Early
Nineteenth-Century Scottish Writing’. In To the Other Shore: Cross-Currents in Irish
and Scottish Studies. Ed. by Neal Alexander, Shane Murphy and Anne Oakman.
Belfast: Queen's University Belfast, 2004.
Burke, Mary. ‘Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Sources for Bram Stoker's Gypsies’. ANQ
18:1 (2005).
Burke, Mary. 'Tinkers': Synge and the Cultural History of the Irish Traveller. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2009.
Carroll, Alicia. Dark Smiles: Race and Desire in George Eliot. Athens, OH: Ohio University
Press, 2003.
Carter, Helen. ‘Responses to Gypsies in Britain, 1900-1939’. PhD Diss. Northumbria
University, 2002.
Chandler, K. ‘“Probably the Most Widely Known Gipsy for Many a Mile Around”: The Life
and Musical Activity of Thomas Boswell, Aka Thomas “Gypsy” Lewis (1838-1910)’.
Folk Music Journal 10:1 (2011).
Charnon-Deutsch, Lou. The Spanish Gypsy: The History of a European Obsession. University
Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004.
Christensen, Allan C. ‘Creating/Vanishing: The Gypsy Muse in Works by Arnold, Kalda,
Janã¡Cek, and Vaughan Williams’. Mosaic : a Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of
Literature 45: 3 (2012).
Clark, Colin. ‘“Severity Has Often Enraged but Never Subdued a Gipsy”: The History and
Making of European Romani Stereotypes’. In The Role of the Romanies: Images and
Counter-Images of 'Gypsies'/Romanies in European Cultures.
Clark, Colin Robert. ‘Useful Sources – Roma, Gypsies and Travellers’. Social Policy & Society
7: 1 (2007).
Cook, Peter. ‘Scholarship and Integrity: Matthew Arnold's “The Scholar-Gipsy” and Anita
Desai's “Scholar and Gypsy”’. Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics 29 (2009).
Cunningham, Di. Romantic Fiction? Norwich and the Romany Community: Euranet:
European Radio Network 2012. http://www.euranet.eu/eng/Dossiers/The-status-ofRoma-migrants-today/Romantic-fiction-Norwich-and-the-Romany-community.
Dawson, Robert. Empty Lands: Aspects of Scottish Gypsy and Traveller Survival. Alfreton: R.
Dawson, 2007.
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GYPSIES, TRAVELLERS & IRISH TRAVELLERS
Dearing, Stewart. ‘Painting the Other Within: Gypsies According to the Bohemian Artist in
the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries’. Romani Studies 20:2 (2010).
Dobreva, Nikolina. ‘Constructing the “Celluliod Gypsy”: Tony Gatlif and Emir Kusturica's
“Gypsy Films” in the Context of New Europe’. Romani Studies 17:2 (2007).
Douaud, Kristine. ‘The Tie That Binds: Gypsies, John Clare and English Folk Culture’. Romani
Studies 18: 1 (2008).
Fraser, Robert. ‘Mapping the Mind: Borders, Migration and Myth’. Wasafiri 39 (2003).
Funakawa, K. ‘The Metamorphoses of the Scholar-Gipsy’. Essays in Criticism 55:2 (2005).
Gagnier, Regenia. ‘Cultural Philanthropy, Gypsies, and Interdisciplinary Scholars: Dream of a
Common Language’. 19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century 1: 1
(2005).
Garside, Peter. ‘Picturesque Figure and Landscape: Meg Merrilies and the Gypsies’. In The
Politics of the Picturesque: Literature, Landscape and Aesthetics since 1770. Ed. by
Stephen Copley and Peter Garside. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Paperback reprint.
Glajar, Valentina and Domnica Radulescu (eds). "Gypsies" in European Literature and
Culture. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
Grobbel, Michaela. ‘Contemporary Romany Autobiography as Performance’. The German
Quarterly 76: 2 (2003).
Hancock, Ian. We Are the Romani People. Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press,
2002.
Hancock, Ian. ‘The Concoctors: Creating Fake Romani Culture’. In The Role of the Romanies:
Images and Counter-Images of 'Gypsies'/Romanies in European Cultures.
Hancock, Ian. "The “Gypsy” Stereotype and the Sexualization of Romani Women." In
“Gypsies” in European Literature and Culture.
hAodha, Mícheál Ó (ed). Migrants and Cultural Memory: The Representation of Difference.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2009.
hAodha, Mícheál Ó. 'Insubordinate Irish': Travellers in the Text. Manchester: Manchester
University Press, 2011.
Harbus, Antonina. ‘Reading Embodied Consciousness in Emma’. Studies in English Literature
51: 4 (2011).
Hayes, Micheal. Irish Travellers: Representations and Realities. Dublin: Liffey Press, 2006.
Hayes, Michael, ed. Road Memories: Aspects of Migrant History. Newcastle: Cambridge
Scholars, 2007.
Hayes, Michael, and Thomas Acton (eds). Travellers, Gypsies, Roma: The Demonisation of
Difference. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2007.
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Helleiner, Jane Leslie. Irish Travellers: Racism and the Politics of Culture. Toronto; Buffalo:
University of Toronto Press, 2000.
Hillier, Bevis. ‘The Mysterious Case of Elizabeth Canning’. History Today 53:3 (2003).
Holloway, S. L. ‘Outsiders in Rural Society? Constructions of Rurality and Nature — Society
Relations in the Racialisation of English Gypsy-Travellers, 1869 – 1934’. Environment
and Planning D: Society and Space 21: 6 (2003).
Holloway, S. L. ‘Rural Roots, Rural Routes: Discourses of Rural Self and Travelling Other in
Debates About the Future of Appleby New Fair, 1945-1969’. Journal of Rural Studies
20: 2 (2004).
Holloway, S. L. ‘Articulating Otherness? White Rural Residents Talk About Gypsy-Travellers’.
Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 30: 3 (2005).
Hooper, Katharine. ‘The Gypsy Collections at Liverpool’. In The Role of the Romanies: Images
and Counter-Images of 'Gypsies'/Romanies in European Cultures.
Houghton-Walker, Sarah. ‘The “Community” of John Clare's Helpston’. Studies in English
Literature, 1500-1900 46: 4 (2006).
Houghton-Walker, Sarah. ‘William Cowper's Gypsies’. SEL 48: 3 (2008).
Janet, Lyon. ‘Gadze Modernism’. Modernism/Modernity 11: 3 (2004).
Jarman, Eldra and A. O. H. Jarman. The Welsh Gypsies: Children of Abram Wood. Cardiff:
University of Wales Press, 2011.
Kabachnik, Peter. ‘To Choose, Fix, or Ignore Culture? The Cultural Politics of Gypsy and
Traveler Mobility in England’. Social & Cultural Geography 10: 4 (2009).
Kabachnik, Peter. ‘The Culture of Crime: Examining Representations of Irish Travellers in
Traveller and The Riches’. Romani Studies 19: 1 (2009).
Kabachnik, Peter. ‘Place Invaders: Constructing the Nomadic Threat in England’.
Geographical Review 100:1 (2010).
Kabachnik, Peter. ‘England or Uruguay? The Persistence of Place and the Myth of the
Placeless Gypsy’. Area 42: 2 (2010).
Kenrick, Donald. Gypsies: From the Ganges to the Thames. Hatfield: University of
Hertfordshire Press, 2004.
Kenrick, Donald. ‘The Origins of Anti-Gypsyism: The Outsiders' View of Romanies in Western
Europe in the Fifteenth Century’. In The Role of the Romanies: Images and CounterImages of 'Gypsies'/Romanies in European Cultures.
Kenrick, Donald and Clare Paul. The Romani World: A Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies.
Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, 2004.
Kenrick, Donald and Grattan Puxon. Gypsies under the Swastika. Hatfield: University of
Hertfordshire Press, 2009.
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Klimova-Alexander, Ilona. ‘Development and Institutionalisation of Romani Representation
and Administration. Part 1’. Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and
Ethnicity 32: 3 (2004).
Kramp, Michael. ‘The Woman, the Gypsies, and England: Harriet Smith's National Role’.
College Literature 31: 1 (2004).
Kramp, Michael. ‘The Romantic Reconceptualization of the Gypsy: From Menace to
Malleability’. Literature Compass 3: 6 (2006).
Lanters, José. ‘“We Are a Different People”: Life Writing, Representation, and the
Travellers’. New Hibernia Review 9: 2 (2005).
Lee, Ken. ‘Belated Travelling Theory, Contemporary Wild Praxis: A Romani Perspective on
the Practical Politics of the Open End’. In The Role of the Romanies: Images and
Counter-Images of 'Gypsies'/Romanies in European Cultures.
Liebich, Andre. ‘Roma Nation? Competing Narratives of Nationhood, Nationalism and Ethnic
Politics’. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 13: 4 (2007).
Lucassen, L. ‘Between Hobbes and Locke: Gypsies and the Limits of the Modernization
Paradigm’. Social History 33: 4 (2008).
Malvinni, David. The Gypsy Caravan: From Real Roma to Imaginary Gypsies in Western
Music and Film. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Marsh, Adrian, and Elin Strand. Gypsies and the Problem of Identities: Contextual,
Constructed and Contested. Istanbul: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul
Transactions, 2006.
Matras, Yaron. ‘The Role of Language in Mystifying and Demystifying Gypsy Identity’ In The
Role of the Romanies: Images and Counter-Images of 'Gypsies'/Romanies in
European Cultures.
Matras, Yaron. Romani in Britain: The Afterlife of a Language. Edinburgh: Edinburgh
University Press, 2010.
Matthews, Jodie. ‘Reading the Victorian Gypsy’. PhD diss. Cardiff University, 2008.
Matthews, Jodie. ‘Back Where They Belong: Gypsies, Kidnapping and Assimilation in
Victorian Children's Literature’. Romani Studies 20: 2 (2010).
Maxwell, Catherine. ‘Theodore Watts-Dunton’s Aylwin (1898) and the Reduplications of
Romanticism’. Yearbook of English Studies 37: 1 (2007).
Mayall, David. Gypsy Identities: 1500–2000: From Egipcyans and Moon-Men to the Ethnic
Romany. London and New York: Routledge, 2004.
Mayall, David. ‘Deborah Epstein Nord. Gypsies and the British Imagination, 1807–1930’.
Journal of British Studies 46: 3 (2007).
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Mengham, Rod. ‘Imagining Gypsies: Growing up in Gypsy, Gypsy and the Diddakoi’. In Rumer
Godden: International and Intermodern Storyteller. Ed. by Lucy Le-Guilcher and
Phyllis Lassner. Farnham and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2010.
Morris, Rachel. ‘Roamaphobia: The Invisibility of Travelling People in Britain’. PhD diss.
Cardiff University 2002.
Neat, Timothy. The Summer Walkers: Travelling People and Pearl-Fishers in the Highlands of
Scotland. 2nd edn. Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2002.
Nord, Deborah Epstein. Gypsies and the British Imagination, 1807–1930. New York:
Columbia University Press 2006.
Panayi, Panikos. ‘Review of Deborah Epstein Nord, Gypsies and the British Imagination,
1807-1930’. Victorian Studies 49: 2 (2007).
Powell, Ryan. ‘Civilising Offensives and Ambivalence: The Case of British Gypsies’. People,
Place & Policy Online 1: 3 (2007).
Power, Colm. ‘Room to Roam: England's Irish Travellers’. London: Community Fund, 2004.
Richardson, J. ‘Talking About Gypsies: The Notion of Discourse as Control’. Housing Studies
21: 1 (2006).
Richardson, Joanna. The Gypsy Debate: Can Discourse Control? Exeter: Imprint Academic,
2006.
Ries, Johannes. ‘Romany/Gypsy Church or People of God? The Dynamics of Pentecostal
Mission and Romany/Gypsy Ethnicity Management’. In Multi-Disciplinary
Approaches to Romany Studies. Ed. by Michael Stewart and Márton Rövid. Budapest:
CEU Summer School, 2010.
Sampson, Anthony. ‘John Sampson and Romani Studies in Liverpool’. In The Role of the
Romanies: Images and Counter-Images of 'Gypsies'/Romanies in European Cultures.
Saul, Nicholas. ‘Half a Gypsy: The Case of Ezra Jennings in Wilkie Collins's the Moonstone
(1868)’. In The Role of the Romanies: Images and Counter-Images of
'Gypsies'/Romanies in European Cultures.
Savage, Roger. ‘Vaughan Williams, the Romany Ryes, and the Cambridge Ritualists’. Music
and Letters 83: 3 (2002).
Schmitt-Kilb, C. ‘Gypsies and Their Representation: Louise Doughty's Stone Cradle and David
Mitchell's Black Swan Green’. In Facing the East in the West: Images of Eastern
Europe in British Literature, Film and Culture. Ed. by B. Korte, E. U. Pirker and S. Helff.
Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi B V, 2010.
Simhandl, Katrin. ‘“Western Gypsies and Travellers”–“Eastern Roma”: The Creation of
Political Objects by the Institutions of the European Union’. Nations and Nationalism
12: 1 (2006).
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Southworth, Helen. ‘Virginia Woolf’s “Wild England”: George Borrow, Autoethnography and
between the Acts’. Studies in the Novel 39: 2 (2007).
Taylor, Becky. A Minority and the State: Travellers in Britain in the Twentieth Century.
Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2008.
Taylor, Becky. ‘Gypsies and Travellers’. In Unequal Britain: Equalities in Britain since 1945.
Ed. by Pat Thane. London: Sage, 2010.
Tcherenkov, Lev, and Stéphane Laederich. The Rroma: Otherwise Known as Gypsies,
Gitanos, Γύφτοι, Tsiganes, Ţigani, Çingene, Sigeuner, Bohémiens, Travellers,
Fahrende, Etc. Basel: Schwabe, 2004.
Tebbut, Susan. ‘Dark Strangers: The Role of Skin-Colour in Images of the Gypsy in TwentiethCentury Art’. In Words, Texts, Images. Ed. by Katrin Kohl and Ritchie Robertson.
Oxford and Berne: Peter Lang, 2002.
Tebbutt, Susan. ‘Disproportional Representation: Romanies and European Art’. In The Role
of the Romanies: Images and Counter-Images of 'Gypsies'/Romanies in European
Cultures.
Toninato, Paola. ‘Translating Gypsies: Nomadic Writing and the Negotiation of Romani
Identity’. The Translator 12: 2 (2006).
Turner, Royce. ‘Gypsies and British Parliamentary Language: An Analysis’. Romani Studies 5
12: 1 (2002).
Ward, Ian. ‘Emily Brontë and the Terrorist Imagination’. English Studies 89: 5 (2008).
White, Laura Mooneyham. ‘Beyond the Romantic Gypsy: Narrative Disruptions and Ironies
in Austen's Emma’. Papers on Language and Literature 44: 3 (2008).
Yahav-Brown, Amit. ‘Gypsies, Nomadism, and the Limits of Realism’. MLN 121: 5 (2006).
Yates, Michael, and Steve Roud. ‘Alice E. Gillington: Dweller on the Roughs’. Folk Music
Journal 9: 1 (2006).
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The Connected Communities
Connected Communities is a cross-Council Programme being led by the AHRC in partnership
with the EPSRC, ESRC, MRC and NERC and a range of external partners. The current vision for
the Programme is:
“to mobilise the potential for increasingly inter-connected, culturally diverse,
communities to enhance participation, prosperity, sustainability, health & well-being by
better connecting research, stakeholders and communities.”
Further details about the Programme can be found on the AHRC’s Connected Communities web
pages at:
www.ahrc.ac.uk/FundingOpportunities/Pages/connectedcommunities.aspx