ISN
pg 162, title: Innovations of
the Industrial Revolution
Preview:
–What was life like in England
before the Industrial Revolution?
–What was the Agricultural
Revolution? How did it impact
the Industrial Revolution?
–What was the first industry to
begin to industrialize?
Steam Engine: New Energy
Need for Energy:
 Early factories relied on horses,
water; Needed more power
Effects of Steam Engine:
 Steam engine invented by James
Watt; made production faster and
more efficient
 Improved mining which was used
to fuel other industries
Iron and Coal:
Energy for the
Industrial
Revolution
Iron and Coal: Energy for the
Industrial Revolution
The Need for Iron and Coal:
 Farm tools, factory machines,
railways, powers steam engines,
used to smelt iron—makes pure
Effect:
 Britain produced more iron than
all of other countries of world
combined
Transportation
Transportation
The Need for Better Transportation:
 Pre-Industrial transportation relied on
horses, mules, dirt roads
 Factory owners want to move goods
quickly & cheaply to increased profits
Innovations:
 Stone, asphalt roads
 Canals—man-made rivers
 Railroad—first built in 1829
Transportation
Effects of Railroads:
 Expanded rapidly throughout Britain
 Cheaper transportation increased
production & profits in factories
 RR increased other industries: coal,
steam
engines,
iron, steel
Two New
Inventions
Two New Inventions
 Steel—Henry
Bessemer developed
steel by adding carbon to hot iron—
much stronger & lighter than iron
 Interchangeable Parts—Henry Ford
developed identical parts to his
automobiles that could be easily built
on assembly line & easily replaced
Why did
Britain lead the
Industrial
Revolution?
Why did Britain lead the
Industrial Revolution?
Geography:
 Climate good for textile production
 Plenty of natural resources (iron, coal)
 Separation from European continent
kept them out of wars
Government:
 Encouraged international trade
 Helped build canals and roads
Why did Britain lead the
Industrial Revolution?
Colonial Empire:
 Colonies supplied raw
materials for manufactured
goods
 Colonies provided markets for
finished goods to be sold
Why did Britain lead the
Industrial Revolution?
Advantages of Industrializing First:
No other countries were
competing for manufactured
goods
 Had a monopoly on new
technology
 Huge profits!!
