AP US History
Crawford
ENDURING VISION QUESTIONS, 7th AP Edition, 2013-2014
HOMEWORK POLICY
• Students will continuously work through the Enduring Vision text and thoroughly answer ALL of
the following questions. Although each question does not employ all of the common question
words (Who, What, When, Where and How), students should try to answer the question as
completely as possible as if every type of question was asked.
• Students must leave one third of each page blank for corrections and notes.
• Students must begin each answer with a restatement the question. Answers should be clear
enough that they still make sense to the student months after they were written.
• Students should avoid the shotgun approach to answering questions. There is no need to copy
whole paragraphs of information verbatim in the hope that the question has been answered. The
best homework answers take the information from the book and restate it succinctly in the
student’s own words.
• Mr. Crawford’s goal is to cover a chapter each class cycle, however because of the limitations of
the school calendar and Mother Nature, this is virtually impossible.
• Students will complete each chapter in advance of class lecture/discussion. Each completed
chapter will be collected and spot-checked. (Mr. Crawford will typically read and grade three or
four answers and not the entire assignment.)
ENDURING VISION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 2 (start on p. 29 “Europe and the Atlantic World”)
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What technologies allowed Europeans to sail across Atlantic?
How were the European/Colonial and African views of slavery different?
What were the positive and negative effects of the Columbian Exchange?
Where and why did the Spanish and French colonize of North America?
Why were the early attempts to settle Virginia unsuccessful?
What was the “headright system?”
What were the difficulties faced by the original Plymouth settlers?
Where did the Dutch settle?
CHAPTER 3
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What were the differences in the political structures of Virginia and Maryland?
How was the religious conflict in Maryland resolved?
Why was life expectancy so low in the Chesapeake region?
What was the effect of tobacco on the Chesapeake region?
What was life like for indentured servants? ALSO READ ZINN pp. 63-65, 68-76
How was white poverty in Virginia a cause of Bacon’s Rebellion?
ALSO READ ZINN pp. 65-68
Why did the colonies shift from white indentured servant labor to African slave labor?
Why were the Plymouth and Massachusetts colonies established?
What was the “New England Way?”
What was a “saint?”
Who were Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson? How did they disagree with Puritan
orthodoxy?
Describe the typical New England family and the role of women?
How was New England politically, culturally and religiously different from New England?
What caused Puritan leaders to adopt the “Half-Way Covenant?”
15. What were the social effects of the introduction of sugar cane to the Caribbean?
16. Who settled the middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware?
17. Compare and contrast the European colonies of Spain, England, and France socially, politically
and economically.
18. After reading the whole chapter, how did colonies (Eng, Fr, Spn) and the Native Americans come
into conflict?
CHAPTER 4
1. What is “absolutism?”
2. How did Charles II assert control of New England?
3. What were the short and long term political effects of the Glorious Revolution on England and
the colonies?
4. What were the effects of the early colonial wars? (King William’s and Queen Anne’s)
5. What is mercantilism? How did the Navigation Acts specifically regulate colonial trade?
6. How/Why were the British colonies more socially and economically successful than the French
and the Spanish colonies?
7. What were the environmental effects of the rapid growth of the colonies?
8. What was life like for the urban poor?
9. What do slave revolts demonstrate about the conditions faced by slaves?
ALSO READ ZINN pp. 51-53
10. What was the Stono Rebellion? What were the effects of this revolt?
11. Why did colonial America stratify? What made the rich richer and the poor poorer?
12. What were the effects of French and British colonial expansion on Native Americans?
13. Why was the colony of Georgia established?
14. What was King George’s War?
15. Describe the Spanish colonies of Texas, New Mexico, and Florida. Compare them generally with
the British colonies.
16. How were British colonial governments organized?
17. How did colonial legislatures assert their authority over royal governors?
18. Compared to the rest of the world, how democratic were the British colonies?
19. Why did the gentry play an almost exclusive role in colonial legislatures?
20. What is the significance of the Zenger trial?
21. What was the effect of the Enlightenment on the colonies?
22. What were the ideas of the Great Awakening?
23. Describe the leaders of the Great Awakening.
24. Explain the theological differences between the “Old Lights” and “New Lights?”
25. What were the effects of the Great Awakening?
CHAPTER 5
1. What was the Albany Plan of Union? Why was it a failure?
2. What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1763)?
3. How did the Seven Years War create new tensions between the colonies, the crown and the
Native Americans? (THIS IS A BIG, LONG ANSWER)
4. What was the cause of Pontiac’s War (Rebellion) and its effects on the west?
5. What was a Writ of Assistance?
6. What was the purpose of the Sugar Act? What was the colonial response?
7. Explain the concept of “virtual” representation.
8. What was the Stamp Act? How did the colonists organize against and remove the Stamp Act?
ALSO READ ZINN pp. 79-81
9. What did the Declaratory Act declare? What was the colonial reaction/interpretation?
10. How did the writings of John Locke influence colonial protest?
11. What role did church play in colonial protest?
12. What was the Quartering Act?
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What was the colonial response to the Townshend Revenue Act?
What was “customs racketeering?”
Who were the leading British critics of King George’s policies?
How did colonial women join the protest against Parliament’s actions?
What was the British Parliament’s response to the Boston Massacre?
What were committees of correspondence? Were they effective?
How did British actions on the frontier anger rural colonists?
What was the Boston Tea Party? ALSO READ ZINN PP. 83-85
What did Lord Dunmore offer African Slaves?
How did the Coercive/Intolerable Acts, including the Quebec Act further anger the colonies?
Why was the first Continental Congress convened? What did the delegates agree to?
Why were British forces sent to Concord?
What was the Olive Branch Petition?
How did colonist express their desires for independence? ALSO READ ZINN pp. 86-91
What was the structure and argument of the Declaration of Independence?
CHAPTER 6
1. Who were the Loyalists? Where were they geographically and militarily strongest?
2. Why did African slaves and Native American ally themselves with the British during the
Revolutionary War? ALSO READ ZINN pp. 54-58
3. At the beginning of the American Revolution what were the crowns’ (Britain’s) advantages?
4. Crown’s disadvantages.
5. Colonial advantages.
6. Colonial disadvantages?
7. What were the difficulties faced by typical American soldiers during and after the Revolution?
READ ZINN pp. 95-104
8. What was the diplomatic significance of victory at Saratoga?
9. Who is responsible for the victory at Yorktown?
10. What were the social effects of the Revolution on soldiers, women, slaves and native Americans
(BIG ANSWER)
11. Generally, how were the national and state government’s organized during and after the War?
12. Why did the Founders favor republicanism over democracy?
13. What were the economic problems faced during and after the Revolution?
14. What problems were faced by the new nation that the Articles of Confederation could not
address?
15. What were the significance of the Land Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance?
16. What was Shays’s Rebellion and how did it lead to the Constitutional (Philadelphia) Convention?
ALSO READ ZINN pp. 104-107
17. What were the two plans for representation? How were slaves to be counted?
18. How was the US Constitution different from the Articles of Confederation?
19. What were the Federalist Papers?
20. How did the Federalists prevail over the Anti Federalists in ratifying the new Constitution?
ALSO READ ZINN pp. 107-113
CHAPTER 7
1. What was the president’s cabinet?
2. BRIEFLY describe the amendments of the Bill of Rights
3. What was Hamilton’s economic plan for the United States? (include the Bank of the United
States)
4. Why/How were Hamilton’s plans criticized? How did Hamilton’s ideas divide the country?
5. What was the Whiskey Rebellion? How was it resolved?
6. Hoe did Spain exacerbate relations between the United States and various native tribes?
7. How/Why did the French Revolution divide the United States?
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What was Citizen Genet’s diplomatic mission to the US? What was the British response?
What was the significance of the Treaty of Greenville?
What was Jay’s Treaty? Why was it criticized?
What was Pinckney’s Treaty?
What caused the development of the Federalist and Republican political parties? Identify the
leaders of each.
What role did newspapers play in the partisan politics of the Republicans and the Federalists?
What were the main points of Washington’s Farewell Address?
Who where the candidates and the result of the election of 1796?
What was the XYZ Affair? What were its effects?
Describe the Alien and Sedition Acts. Who was most affected by these laws?
What were the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions?
Describe the Election of 1800. Candidates, Issues and Result.
What were the social and economic effects of manufacturing/early industrialization on the United
States?
How did women’s role in marriage and childbearing change in the 1800’s?
What was Republican motherhood?
What was purpose of the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act?
How were the rights of free blacks limited? How did they cope with the loss of many freedoms?
What was the impact of the cotton gin on slavery?
Who was Benjamin Banneker? Summarize his letter to Jefferson. ALSO READ
ZINN pp. 58-61
CHAPTER 8
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Why did Jefferson fight the Barbary Pirates rather than pay tribute?
What were Jefferson’s ideas on slavery, government, taxes and popular liberty?
What policy changes did Jefferson make when he became president?
What were the facts of Marbury v. Madison? What is the significance of Marshall’s decision
Describe the debate over the Louisiana Purchase.
Why was the 12th Amendment enacted?
Who were the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1804?
Who were Lewis and Clark?
Why does Aaron Burr have one of the worst reputations in American history?
Why did Jefferson issue the Embargo Act of 1807? Why was it controversial?
Who were the candidates, issues and results of the Election of 1808?
What were the purposes of Non-Intercourse Act and Macon’s Bill No. 2?
Who were the Warhawks (names) and why did they support war?
Who were Tecumseh and the Prophet? What happened at the Battle of Tippecanoe?
What were the causes of the War of 1812?
What was the American strategy?
How did the War of 1812 change in 1814?
What were the terms of the Treaty of Ghent?
Why/how did the Hartford Convention destroy the Federalist Party?
Describe Henry Clay’s American System?
Why are President Monroe’s two terms as president called “The Era of Good Feelings?”
How did John Marshall maintain Federalist ideas through the Supreme Court in the cases of
Dartmouth v. Woodward and McCulloch v. Maryland?
23. What were the terms of the Missouri Compromise?
24. How did Secretary of States John Quincy Adams strengthen American foreign policy?
25. What was the Monroe Doctrine? What was its effect on Europe?
CHAPTER 9
1. Despite the differences between “Yankees” and “Butternuts,” how was the western
culture/lifestyle significantly different from the eastern?
2. How did government policy intentionally and unintentionally encourage western settlement?
(This is a long answer with 3 parts)
3. Who were the Five Civilize Tribes of the South?
4. How did southern state governments and President Jackson systematically remove Native
Americans from their lands? How did the Supreme Court attempt to intervene?
5. What factors lead to an agricultural/economic boom in the south and the west?
6. How did this boom affect small farmers?
7. What is the right of preemption?
8. How did land speculation and redemption lead to the Panic of 1819? Describe the effects of the
Panic?
9. How did the transportation innovations (list) of the 1800’s have positive and negative effects?
10. Why were most new western cities near rivers?
11. What were the early industries and their locations in the United States?
12. What was life like in a mill town before (outwork) and after industrialization?
13. What is an artisan? Why did they form trade unions?
14. Describe the poor of the 1800’s. (Who were they? What was life like for the poor?)
15. How were free blacks treated in the 1800’s?
16. What were the “middling classes?”
17. How did social relationships and the view towards “authority figures” change during the 1800’s
(respect for the professions, family relationships and husbands and wives)
18. What is horizontal allegiance? List some examples.
19. How did voluntary association change social relationships?
20. Who was Alexis DeTocqueville? What did he write about?
CHAPTER 10
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Who was Dorothea Dix?
How had voting in America become more democratic?
Describe the events of the election of 1824?
What was the “Corrupt Bargain?”
What were the goals of JQ Adam’s presidency?
Why was JQA out of touch with the political changes of the 1830’s?
Why did Martin Van Buren believe the country needed two political parties?
Who were the candidates, issues, and results of the election of 1828? How was the election of
1828, in many ways, the first “modern” election?
What was the “spoils system?”
What was the Tariff of Abominations?
Who was John C. Calhoun and why/how did he oppose the Tariff?
How was the Nullification Crisis resolved? What role did Henry Clay play?
Why did Henry Clay push for an early renewal of the Second Bank of the United States’ (BUS)
charter?
Who were the candidates and results of the election of 1832?
How did Jackson wage war against the 2nd BUS?
How did Jackson’s actions lead to the formation of the Whig Party?
Who were the candidates, issues and results of the Election of 1836?
How had Jackson’s economic policies caused the Panic of 1837?
How did Van Buren try to resolve the economic depression that followed the Panic of 1837?
Candidates, issues, results of Election of 1840.
Why is the Election of 1840 considered the high point of the Second Two-Party System?
What was the Second Great Awakening? How did it differ from the First Great Awakening?
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Who were the leaders (names) of the Second Great Awakening?
How did the Second Great Awakening encourage social reform?
What were the newly popular religions of the Antebellum period?
List reform movements in detail and their founders (pp. 296-304) and include
Women’s Movement ALSO READ ZINN pp. 115-132 and Abolitionists READ ZINN pp. 167170, 176-186
27. Describe the Utopian communities of the Antebellum period. Why were many considered
controversial?
CHAPTER 11
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Identify Issac Singer, Eli Whitney, Cyrus McCormick.
What were the positive and negative opinions of technology and industrialization?
What were the economic and social effects of the transportation revolution?
Why did the population shift from farms to cities?
How did the newly industrial/urban world effect quality of life for rich and poor?
What medical treatments/cures/health ideas developed during the Antebellum period? Include
names.
What innovations in news did the “penny press” develop? (Include publishers and newspapers)
What forms of entertainment were popularized in the Antebellum period? INCLUDE NAMES
and DETAILS
What two factors lead to a renaissance in American literature?
LIST ALL AUTHORS, BOOKS AND LITERARY MOVEMENT/GENRE (pp. 324-330)
What are the characteristics of the Hudson School style?
Who were the famous American painters of the period?
CHAPTER 12
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What was the effect of Nat Turner’s Rebellion?
What were the cash crops of the South?
How did cotton transform the Lower South?
What factors unified the Upper South from the Lower/Deep South?
Why did the South fail to industrialize relative to the North?
How widespread was slaveholding in the South? INCLUDE numbers and percentages.
Why was plantation life not so idyllic (perfect) for the planter and his family?
Who were the southern whites who did not own slaves?
Why did non-slaveholders generally support slavery even when it conflicted with their economic
self-interest?
What was Hilton R. Helper’s opinion of slavery?
Describe the pro-slavery argument.
What role did violence play in Southern society?
How had slavery changed from the 1730’s to the 1830’s?
What was life like a slave? INCLUDE plantation and off-plantation labor conditions, family
structure, health, diet and longevity. ALSO READ ZINN pp. 173-176
What was life like for the small number of free blacks in the South?
Who was Denmark Vesey?
How did slaves resist white oppression?
How did Christianity positively and negatively affect slaves? ALSO READ ZINN pp. 170-173
What role did song play in slave culture?
CHAPTER 13
1. Why did Europeans immigrate to the United States in the 1840’s?
2. How were the German and Irish immigration experiences similar and different?
3. Why did Irish immigration increase dramatically in the 1840’s?
4. What were the positive and negative social, political and economic effects of European
immigration in the 1840’s? Include:
• Anti-Immigrant Protest
• Labor Unions
• Politics
5. Why was the Far West (California, Oregon) settled before the Great Plains?
6. Why did Mexico encourage American settlement?
7. What events caused the Texas Revolution?
8. What were the difficulties of traveling the overland trails to the Pacific?
9. What was the Whig plan for the United States with William Henry Harrison’s victory in 1840?
10. How did Tyler alienate the Whig Party?
11. What territorial issue did the Webster-Ashburton Treaty resolve?
12. What was Tyler’s position on the annexation of Texas?
13. Describe the candidates, parties, and issues of the election of 1844.
14. What role did Irish immigrants play in the Democratic victory of 1844?
15. Who was John L. O’Sullivan?
16. What were the pro-expansionist, Democratic arguments for manifest destiny?
17. What were Polk’s expansionist campaign promises?
18. How did Polk gain Oregon for the United States?
19. What events lead to the Mexican-American War? Who was most responsible for the conflict?
20. What role did politics play in Polk’s military decisions during the Mexican-American War?
21. What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo?
22. Why did Southerners defeat the Wilmot Proviso?
23. Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1848?
24. What were the short and long term effects of the California’s Gold Rush?
CHAPTER 14
1. What possible solutions (3) had been suggested to settle the issue of slavery’s expansion after the
Mexican American War?
2. What was President Taylor’s position on slavery in the Mexican Cession?
3. Why did southern Whigs reject their President’s plan?
4. What were the arguments (names) for and against the Compromise of 1850?
5. Was Zachary Taylor’s death timely or untimely as it relates to the Compromise of 1850?
6. What were the terms of the Compromise of 1850?
7. Describe the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 in detail.
8. Why/How did the Fugitive Slave Law increase northern and southern tensions?
9. What was the significance of Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
10. Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1852?
11. How was the second party system weakened by the slavery debate?
12. What was Stephen A. Douglas’s purpose in introducing the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
13. Why was the Kansas-Nebraska Act so controversial?
14. Who were the “free-soilers?”
15. What were the successes and failures of Pierce's foreign policy?
16. Why and when did the Whig party collapse?
17. Who were the Know-Nothings and why was their political party short-lived?
18. What was Bleeding Kansas?
19. Who was Preston Brooks?
20. Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1856.
21. What were the four conclusions of the Dred Scott decision?
22. Why had popular sovereignty not solved the debate over slavery in Kansas?
23. What was the Lecompton Constitution?
24. What positions did Lincoln and Douglas take during their debates for the Senate?
(INCLUDE THE FREEPORT DOCTRINE)
25. What was the purpose and significance of John Brown's Harpers Ferry Raid? ALSO READ
ZINN pp. 187-190
26. Why did some Southerners argue for secession?
27. How did the Republicans use the Panic of 1857 as a political issue?
28. How did Lincoln win the Election of 1860?
29. Why was the Southern opinion towards secession mixed?
30. What was the Crittenden Compromise? Why did it fail?
31. Where and when did the Civil War begin?
CHAPTER 15
CLASS NOTES
CHAPTER 16
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Who were the Radical Republicans (names)?
What was Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction?
What was Wade-Davis Bill?
What was Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction?
What were the Black Codes?
How did the Radical Republican policy expand African-American Rights and punish the
Confederacy?
What were the results of the Congressional elections of 1866?
Why was Andrew Johnson impeached?
Why was the 15th amendment ratified without including women?
How did the women’s suffrage movement respond to exclusion from the 15th amend?
Who were the three groups that made up the southern Republican party?
To what extent were blacks elected into public office on the local, state and federal level?
What were the successes and failures of the Republican controlled southern legislatures during
Reconstruction?
What was the Ku Klux Klan? How did they undermine the rights of African-Americans?
How did slaves adjust to Emancipation? ALSO READ ZINN pp. 190-194
How were most southern blacks employed?
How did the sharecropping and crop-lien systems economically “enslave” blacks and poor
whites?
What were the successes and failures of Reconstruction?
Describe the four major scandals of the Grant administration. Who was William Tweed?
What was Grant’s foreign policy?
Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1872?
What caused the Panic of 1873?
What steps were taken to restore the economy? Why were they not universally supported?
How did the Supreme Court weaken the principles of Reconstruction?
Why did Republicans disengage from Reconstruction?
How did the southerners regain political control of the South?
What did “redeemer” governments do once they regained power?
What was the “exodus” movement?
Describe candidates, issues and results of the Election of 1876.
How was the Election of 1876 settled by the Compromise of 1877?
CHAPTER 17
CLASS NOTES
CHAPTER 18
1. What were the positive and negative effects of industrial expansion at the end of the 19th century?
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How did railroad owners finance railroad construction?
What were the positives and negatives of railroad consolidation?
How had states attempted to regulate the railroads
What was the Interstate Commerce Act?
Explain this business philosophy, “Watch the costs and the profits will take care of themselves.”
Identify:
• Cornelius Vanderbilt
• Jay Gould
• Andrew Carnegie
• J.P. Morgan
• John D. Rockefeller
How did the "captains of industry" use the following terms to beat their competition. Identify
specific methods with specific businessmen (see #7) and their industry.
• vertical integration
• rebates/kickbacks
• pools
• trusts
What was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act? How did the Supreme Court cripple its power to
regulate? (include relevant cases)
What was the economic and social impact of the many inventions of the late 19th century? List
each invention and identify its impact.
What was the purpose of advertising?
What were the costs and benefits of economic growth at the end of the 19th century?
Why was the South slower to industrialize? (pp. 548-550)
What was the social and economic impact of industrialization on each of the following groups?
• skilled labor/artisans
• unskilled/factory labor
• children
• immigrants
• women
What is an Horatio Alger story?
Identify the early labor unions and their leaders.
Why were labor unions unsuccessful in the late 19th century?
What events hurt the union movement? ALSO READ ZINN pp. 219-221, 234-23
How did industrial revolution lead to the philosophies of socialism and communism? ALSO
READ ZINN pp. 236-238
CHAPTER 19
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What is Scott Joplin’s contribution to American culture?
How and why did urban growth explode in the late 19th century? (include numbera)
How did immigration to the United States change in the late 19th century?
What challenges did the immigration population face?
What were dangers and difficulties of urban slums?
How were cities economically segregated?
What is Victorian morality? Who were its proponents?
What did the Cult of Domesticity advocate for women?
What was a department store?
What changes occurred in higher education in the late 19th century?
Describe the major social reform movements and their leaders. (pp. 579-582)
What factors led to the development of “leisure” time activities and professional sports?
List common leisure time activities available to the working class?
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What was the literary influence of Twain and Dreiser
Who were the critics of Victorian morality? (Names, Ideas)
What is the significance of Frank Lloyd Wright’s architecture?
How did “modern” woman reject Victorian standards? (names)
What did public school reformers (names) advocate? Why were they criticized?
CHAPTER 20
1. What were the political issues of the late 19th century?
2. What were the economic philosophies of the Republican and Democratic parties during the
Gilded Age?
3. How were typical Democrat and Republican voters different?
4. What was the “money question?”
5. What was the Greenback Party?
6. What was civil service reform?
7. Describe the candidates and results of the Election of 1880.
8. How did the assassination of Garfield lead to positive reform of government?
9. Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1884. How was this a “dirty”
election?
10. What were Cleveland’s controversial plans?
11. Describe the candidates, economic issues and results of the election of 1888.
12. Why did the Republicans lose control of the House of Representatives in 1890?
13. How did organizations such as the Grange and the Farmers Alliance advocate reform? How
successful were they?
14. Why was the Populist Party organized? What changes did they call for in society and
government? ALSO READ ZINN pp. 226-231
15. How were African-Americans treated in the South after Reconstruction? (pp. 607, 609-610)
ALSO READ ZINN pp. 221-225, 232-234
16. Who was Booker T. Washington?
17. Describe the candidates, issues and results of the Election of 1892.
18. What were the causes and effects of the Panic of 1893?
19. What was “Coxey’s Army?”
20. How did J.P. Morgan help the US out of the economic depression that lasted until 1897?
21. What was the Wilson-Gorman Tariff?
22. Describe the candidates, issues and results of the Election of 1896?
23. What was the long-term impact of the Republican victory in 1896?
24. What were McKinley’s economic policies?
25. How did business interests, the “Influence of Sea Power Upon History” and jingoism
influence/encourage imperialism?
26. Describe US involvement in international affairs prior to the Spanish American War.
27. What were the “causes” of the Spanish American War?
28. Who were the critics of the Spanish American War? ALSO READ ZINN pp. 239-241, 243, 245
29. Why did Secretary of State John Hay refer to the Spanish American War as a “Splendid Little
War?”
CHAPTER 21
1. What was the significance of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?
2. Why is it difficult define the progressives as a monolithic movement?
3. Identify the following progressive thinkers and their ideas and books
• Thorsten Veblen
• William James
• Herbert Croly
• Jane Addams
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• John Dewey
• Oliver Wendell Holmes
Who were the muckrakers (names)? How did they influence society?
Who (names) led the reform local and state politics and government? What reforms were
instituted?
Who were the leaders (names) of factory/industrial reform? What did they accomplish?
How had health and sanitation in cities improved during the Progressive Era?
What “moral evils” (list) did some progressive organizations (names) attempt to reform? Identify
their successes.
Why did some progressives (names) seek immigration restrictions?
What is Eugenics?
How were blacks treated during the Progressive Era? Why was their plight generally ignored?
What was the African-American response (names, organizations) to Booker T. Washington’s
“accomodationist” philosophy? ALSO READ ZINN pp. 264-269
How did the strategy achieving women’s suffrage of Carrie Chapman Catt and Alice Paul differ?
Who were the advocates for expanding wome’s rights? (names/issues)
How were new unions like ILGWU and IWW different from the AF of L? ALSO READ ZINN
pp. 257-260, 272-279
Who was Eugene V. Debs?
Why was Theodore Roosevelt (TR) nominated as Vice President in 1900?
How was TR a progressive in his dealings with the United Mine Workers, US Steel, Northern
Securities Company and American Tobacco Company?
What was the Hepburn Act?
What was the Pure Food and a Drug Act? How were the muckrakers successful in achieving this
reform? ALSO READ ZINN, pp. 261-264
What was the Sierra Club? Who was it founder? What were the accomplishments of the
Conservation movement?
Candidates, issues, results of the election of 1908?
What was the Elkins-Mann Act?
Why did TR come out of retirement and run for the presidency in 1912?
Describe the candidates, parties, issues, slogans and results of the Election of 1912?
What progressive reforms did Wilson enact in his attempt to destroy the “Triple Wall of
Privilege” (Tariff, Banks, Big Business)
How did the Supreme Court transform into a more progressive institution?
(include specific decisions)
Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1916?
How did the Progressive Era fundamentally change America?
CHAPTER 22
1. Why did Jane Addams protest American involvement in World War One?
2. What were the major US foreign policy events prior to World War I (1902-1914)?
• China
• Panama
• Latin America
• Mexico
3. What were the causes of World War I?
4. Were Wilson and the US truly neutral in the early years of World War I? Explain.
5. Why did the US finally declare war in 1917?
6. What problems developed as the American Expeditionary Force prepared for war?
7. How did the government regulate the US economy?
8. What role did the US play in an allied victory?
9. What was the Committee on Public Information? How did the US use propaganda to gain support
for the war in Europe?
10. Who criticized the war? Why? ALSO READ ZINN pp. 283-302
11. How did the government and the Supreme Court suppress dissent during World War I?
12. What was the social/economic impact of Word War I on labor, farmers, blacks and women?
13. What was the 1918 influenza epidemic?
14. What were the progressive reforms of the WWI era?
15. What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points? (summarize)
16. How and why was the Versailles Peace Conference a failure from Wilson’s perspective?
17. Why was Wilson unsuccessful in getting the Treaty of Versailles ratified by the US Senate?
18. What were Palmer Raids?
19. Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1920.
CHAPTER 23
1. What factors contributed to the economic boom in the 1920’s?
2. Why did the entire nation not benefit equally from the boom?
3. What were the positives and negatives of the new modes of production, management and credit
that affected the entire nation?
4. What type of jobs did women typically have in the 1920’s?
5. Why did labor unions lose ground in the 1920’s?
6. What were the scandals associated with Harding’s presidency?
7. Describe Coolidge’s conservative policies.
8. What were the significant foreign policy accomplishments of Harding and Coolidge’s
presidency? Was their policy isolationist or interventionist?
9. Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1924.
10. What goals sought by the women’s movement in the 1920’s, after the 19th Amendment?
11. How was the 1920’s the decade of the consumer?
12. What were the sources/types of entertainment available to a mass audience in the 1920’s?
13. Who was Charles Lindbergh?
14. Define Jazz Age.
15. What was a flapper?
16. Identify the authors and artists the 1920’s
17. What was the Harlem Renaissance? Who were the significant contributors? ALSO READ
ZINN pp. 393-394
18. What events demonstrate the conservative backlash to the Roaring Twenties?
19. Who was Marcus Garvey?
20. Why was the 18th amendment a complete failure?
21. Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election on 1928.
22. How was Hoover's philosophy of government different from his Republican predecessors? Could
Hoover be considered a progressive?
CHAPTER 24
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What caused the Great Depression?
What did Hoover do to fix the Great Depression? Why was he reluctant?
What was the Bonus March? ALSO READ ZINN pp. 315-320
Describe candidates, issues and results of the election of 1932?
Who was Frances Perkins?
How did New Deal federal programs/alphabet agencies attempt to solve the problems of the Great
Depression? SORT into short term emergency aid, work programs, financial reform, social
reform
7. Who were the major critics (criticism and names) of the New Deal?
8. How was the Second New Deal philosophically different for the first?
9. What was the purpose of the Social Security Act?
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How did the election of 1936 transform the Democratic Party?
Why did FDR attempt to “pack” the Supreme Court? Why did he abandon this plan?
What were the mixed results of Roosevelt’s policies on the environment?
What caused the “Roosevelt Recession?”
What were the social effects of the Great Depression on women, children, and labor?
What were the social effects of the Great Depression on blacks, Hispanics and Native Americans
ALSO READ ZINN pp. 320-330
16. How did radio and film provide an escape from the great Depression?
17. What was the Popular Front?
CHAPTER 25
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What was Good Neighbor policy?
What were the aggressive actions of Italy, Germany and Japan?
What was the American response?
What was the American response to Jewish refugees fleeing Germany?
What were the early events of World War II?
How did FDR shift the US from isolation to intervening in World War II?
How did the US response to Japanese aggression help precipitate the attack on Pearl Harbor?
What was the impact of war mobilization on the US economy?
What government agencies were formed to assist war mobilization?
Why did Churchill dub WWII, the “Wizard War”?
What tactic was the decisive factor in the European theater of War?
What was MacArthur’s island-hopping strategy?
What were the differing goals of the Allies?
Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1944.
What was the war’s effect on soldiers?
What were the social/economic impact of WWII on the home front?
What was the impact of WWII at home and on the battlefront for African-Americans and other
minorities?
Why were Japanese-Americans placed in internment camps during WWII? ALSO READ ZINN
pp. 358-363
How and why did Stalin succeed at the Yalta Conference?
Does the United States share some blame in the horrific results of the Holocaust? (OPINION)
Why did Truman decide to use the atomic bomb against Japan? ALSO READ ZINN pp. 363373
Do you agree with Truman’s decision? (OPINION)
CHAPTER 26
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Who were Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers?
What was the Cold War? How did it transform America?
What was the Containment theory?
How did Truman take action against the Soviet Union? Include:
• Atomic Energy Commission
• Truman Doctrine
• Aid to Turkey and Greece
• National Security Act of 1946
• Marshall Plan
• Berlin Airlift
• NATO
5. How did Americans respond to the “Fall of China?”
6. Describe the fear of Atomic weapons.
7. How were atomic/nuclear weapons tested after World War II?
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What was NSC-68?
How was the United States involved in the Korean War?
Why did Truman fire Gen. MacArthur?
What happened when price controls were lifted after the war?
How did the Republican controlled 80th Congress try to reverse parts of the New Deal? How did
Truman respond? (include Taft-Hartley Act)
Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1948.
What was Truman’s Fair Deal?
What was the Red Scare and why did anti-communism dominate the culture? (include HUAC,
Loyalty Oaths and blacklisting) ALSO READ ZINN pp. 378-381, 384-388
Who were Ethel and Julius Rosenberg?
Why did the Democrats not re-nominate Truman in 1952?
Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1952?
Who was Sen. Joseph McCarthy? What events led to the end of his political career?
What is “Modern Republicanism?”
What was secretary of state Dulles’ strategy towards communism?
How did the US foreign policy towards communism lead to intervention in the Third World?
(Include: the CIA, Suez Crisis, Domino Theory, Vietnam)
Why did Eisenhower warn against the growing military-industrial complex?
CHAPTER 27
1. Who is Jackie Robinson?
2. What were the positive and negative effects of demobilization after World War II, including the
GI Bill?
3. Why did the United States experience tremendous economic growth in the 1950’s? (THIS IS A
COMPLEX ANSWER WITH SEVERAL DIFFERENT FACTORS.)
4. Who was Rachel Carson?
5. What happened to labor unions in the 1950’s?
6. What factors lead to the growth of suburbs?
7. Why are the 1950’s considered a period of consensus and conformity?
8. What were some of the intended and unintended effects of the interstate highway system?
9. What was the Baby Boom?
10. Who was Dr. Benjamin Spock?
11. Did the role of women in society improve or take a step backward in the 1950’s?
12. What was television’s impact on the United States?
13. What was the significance of the launch of Sputnik on the United States?
14. How did rock-and-roll and the beat generation challenge 1950’s America? ALSO READ ZINN
pp. 453-457
15. Who were the poor of 1950’s America? What struggles did they face
16. What were the struggles faced by Latinos and Native Americans (ALSO READ ZINN pp. 461464) in the 1950’s
17. Identify each of the following people or events connected to the Civil Rights Movement
a. Brown v, Board of Education
b. Southern Manifesto
c. Civil Rights Act of 1957
d. Little Rock High School
e. Rosa Parks
f. Martin Luther King Jr.
g. Southern Christian Leadership Conference
h. Sit-Ins
i. Freedom Rides
j. Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee
CHAPTER 28
1. What is liberalism?
2. Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1960.
3. What why is Kennedy’s (JFK) domestic policy considered lackluster? Include specific pieces of
legislation.
4. What were the foreign policy successes and failures of JFK’s New Frontier?
• Peace Corps
• Bay of Pigs
• Berlin Wall
• Cuban Missile Crisis
5. What is JFK’s legacy as president?
6. What were the significant events of the Civil Rights movement in the early 1960’s? (pp. 858-862)
ALSO READ ZINN pp. 390-419, 415-420
• Birmingham, Alabama
• March on Washington
• Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Freedom Summer
• Voting Rights Act. of 1965
• Watts Riots
• Kerner Commission
7. How was the Black Power movement fundamentally different than earlier attempts at civil rights?
Who were the leaders of the Black Power movement? ALSO READ ZINN pp. 470-480
8. What was the American Indian Movement?
9. What was the Immigration Act of 1965?
10. Who was Caesar Chavez?
11. What was the Asian American Political Alliance?
12. What was the goal of the Johnson’s Great Society?
13. Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1964.
14. What programs were created by the Great Society? (pp. 868-870)
15. How did the Warren Court support the liberalism of the 1960’s?
16. What was the Domino Theory?
17. What steps did Kennedy make to involve the United States more directly in Vietnam?
18. Why did Johnson expand US involvement in Vietnam?
19. How did the Vietnam War affect the home front? ALSO READ ZINN pp. 421-431
20. What were the effects of the Tet Offensive on America?
21. How did the Vietnam War ruin Johnson’s presidency?
22. What was Nixon’s strategy for ending the war in Vietnam?
23. What were the costs of the Vietnam War on American society?
CHAPTER 29
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What was the New Left? How did they achieve their goals? (include groups and events)
What was the lasting impact of the New Left on society?
How did the “counterculture” differ from the radicalism of the New Left?
What was the cultural and social significance of the development and use of birth control pills?
What were the goals of NOW and other feminist groups? (names)
How did the role of women change in the 1970’s and 80’s?
What did environmentalists achieve in the 70’s and 80’s (include organizations)
What is a “Yuppie?” How did the “Me Generation” rejection the idealism of the 1960’s?
How was society affected by the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy
and the riots caused by 1968 Democratic National Convention?
10. Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1968.
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What caused an economic collapse in the 1970’s? How did Nixon try to improve the situation?
What was the “Southern Strategy?”
What is Détente? Who is Henry Kissinger?
What were Nixon’s foreign policy accomplishments?
Describe the candidate, issues and results of the election of 1972?
Why/How did the Watergate break-in lead to Nixon’s resignation?
What were the economic problems faced by Ford and Carter in the 1970’s?
What were Ford’s successes and failures as president?
Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1976.
What were Carter’s foreign policy achievements and failures?
Why is Carter generally considered an ineffective president?
CHAPTER 30
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When and how did the Cold War end?
Who (NAMES) led the conservative movement? What did they want?
Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1980.
What was Reaganomics?
What caused recession in 1982? How did Reagan fix the problem?
Who is Sandra Day O’Connor?
How did Reagan continue the Cold War? (INCLUDE: Defense Spending, Strategic Defense
Initiative, Central America, Afghanistan)
Describe the candidates, issues and results of the election of 1984. Who was Geraldine Ferraro?
What was the Iran Contra Scandal?
How did Reagan and Gorbachev work to reduce Nuclear Weapons. (CHART)
How did Reagan deal with problems in the Middle East?
Should Reagan be considered a great president?
Describe the candidates, issues and result of the 1988 election.
Foreign policy events occurred in GHW Bush presidency?
What domestic issues developed in the 1990’s
Describe the candidates, issues and result of the 1992 election.
What were Clinton’s successes and failures as president?
What was welfare reform?
What new foreign policy problems developed with the conclusion of the Cold War?
Why was Clinton impeached?