AP US Government - Chapter 16 Civil Rights
Name ______________________________________
I. Equality of Opportunity v Equality of Outcome
II. Civil War Amendments
A. 13th
B. 14th
C. 15th
III. African-Americans
A. History of Discrimination
1. black codes
2. poll tax
3. Plessy v Ferguson (1896)
a.
b.
B. Actions to change
1. NAACP
a. Sweatt v Texas b. McLaurin v University of Oklahoma c. Gaines 2. Executive Order
3. Brown v Board of Education (1954)
a. Details -
b de jure v
de facto segregation
c Results (1)
(2) Central High School - Little Rock
(3) Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Schools (1971) -
(4) Missouri v Jenkins (1995)
4. Civil Disobedience
a. Montgomery Bus boycott - 1955
b. Southern Christian Leadership Conference - organized 1957
c. March on Selma & Birmingham
d. Birmingham church bombings
e. 1960 - sit-in movement
f. Students for Non-Violence Coordinating Committee
g. black violence & rioting in Northern cities
5. JFK & James Meredith - 1962
6. Laws passed by Congress
a. Civil Rights Act of 1964
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) Challenged in Supreme Court
(a) Precedent – Gibbons v Ogden (1824)
(b) Test – Heart of Atlanta Motel v US (1964)
b. Office of Federal Contract Compliance - 1965
(1) purpose -
(2) By 1968,
(3) by 1971 -
c. 24th amendment (1964)
d. Voting Rights Act of 1965
e. Fair Housing Act - 1968 f. Civil Rights Restoration Act (1988) -
g. Civil Rights Act of 1991 -
C. Affirmative Action
a. Why?
b. set-asides v quotas v goals
c. Education:
1. Bakke v Regents of Univ of California (1978)2. 2003 University of Michigan cases:
aa. Gratz v Bollinger -
bb. Grutter v Bollinger -
d. Business
aa. US Steelworkers v Weber (1979) bb. 1984 cc. Richmond v. Croson (1989) -
dd. 1993 decision -
ee. Adarand v Pena (1995) -
IV. Women
A. 19th amendment
B. Muller v Oregon (1908)
C. Strict scrutiny
v
reasonableness standard
D. Amendment (Title VII) to Civil Rights Act of 1964
E. Equal Pay for Equal Work
v
(1) Equal Pay Act (1963)
(2) Washington County, Oregon v Gunther (1981)
(3) Supreme Court ruling on dangerous jobs
(4) Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act (2009)
F. Title IX of Education Amendments of 1972
G. Jury Duty (1994)
H. Equal Rights Amendment (proposed 1972)
I. Women & draft - Rostker v Goldberg (1981) –
J. 1996 - US v Virginia - VMI case
K. Discrimination & accepting government funds
L. Family & Medical Leave Act (1993)
M. Interest groups
(1) N.O.W.
(2) Emily’s List
N. Results –
Comparable Worth
V. Elderly
A. Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1967)
B. Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1978)
C. Interest Group – American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)
VI. Disabled
A. Education of All Handicapped Children Act (1975)
1. Now called IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Act)
B. Americans with Disabilities Act (1992)
C. Role of EEOC
D. Interest Groups
VII. Gay Rights
A. Supreme Court Cases
1. Bowers v Hardwick (1986) – Ga.
2. Lawrence v Texas (2003)
3. Romer v Evans (1996) – Co.
4. Boy Scouts of America v Dale (2000)
B. “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (1993)
C. Marriages & Civil Unions
1. Differences between the two -
2. Defense of Marriage Act (1996)
3. Courts v state laws & propositions
D. Other issues
1. Hate Crimes
2. Sexual Harassment
3. AIDs funding
E. Interest Groups
1. ACT UP
2. GLAD
3. ACLU
VIII. Other Minority Groups
A. ESL
B. Illegal Immigration
C. Interest Groups
IX. OTHER CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES
A. Federalism
1. Marbury v Madison
2. McCulloch v Maryland
B. Assisted Suicide
Cruzan v Missouri Dept of Health
Other rulings -