Nombre _______________________________ Fecha _____________ Subject Pronouns Used to __________________________________________ yo _____ nosotros ________ tú _____ nosotras ________ él _____ ellos ________ ella _____ ellas ________ Ud. (usted) _______ Uds. (ustedes) __________ Definite Articles el ______ los _____ la ______ las _____ Indefinite Articles un _______ una ______ unos _____ unas _____ Adjectives Used to __________________________________________ Must agree in ________________ and __________________ Masculine adjectives usually end in ______ while feminine adjectives usually end in _____. Adjectives that end in _____ refer to both masculine and feminine nouns. Adjectives are placed ____________ the noun they describe To make them plural, you add _____ to adjectives that end in vowels and _____ to adjectives that end in consonants. ##Describe the following items using the adjective “yellow” in Spanish.## la casa _______________ el coche ______________ las casas _________________ los coches ________________ ##Describe the following people using the adjective “intelligent” in Spanish.## la chica ______________________ el chico ______________________ Verbs Infinitives are verbs that _________________________________ There are 3 types of verbs: _________, ________, and _________. To conjugate a verb, you drop the ________________ and add new ones to the stem. The ending indicates who is doing the action. hablar (to __________) (yo) habl (tú) habl (él/ella/Ud.) habl (nosotros/nosotras) habl (ellos/ellas/Uds.) habl comer (to __________) (yo) com (tú) com (él/ella/Ud.) com (nosotros/nosotras) com (ellos/ellas/Uds.) com escribir (to __________) (yo) escrib (tú) escrib (él/ella/Ud.) escrib (nosotros/nosotras) escrib (ellos/ellas/Uds.) escrib ##Translate the following sentences.## I ride a bike every day. _______________________________________ Elizabeth dances a lot. ________________________________________ My dad and I run. ___________________________________________ They share the pizza. ________________________________________ You read magazines. _________________________________________ Irregular Verbs Some verbs are irregular in that they are not conjugated in a logical manner. These conjugations must be memorized. ir (to ______) (yo) (tú) (él/ella/Ud.) (nosotros/nosotras) (ellos/ellas/Uds.) ser (to ______) (yo) (tú) (él/ella/Ud.) (nosotros/nosotras) (ellos/ellas/Uds.) ##Translate the following sentences.## My friends go to the movies. ______________________________________ We are from Jamaica. ___________________________________________ Do you go shopping much? _______________________________________ Pedro is an athlete. _____________________________________________ I am very serious. ______________________________________________ Verbs with special “yo” forms There are some verbs that have only an irregular “yo” form because instead of ending in ______, they end in ______. Hacer, poner, and traer, are regular in all other forms Tener (e-ie), venir (e-ie), and decir (e-i) are also stem-changing verbs. (yo) ha____ (yo) pon____ (yo) trai____ (yo) ten____ (yo) ven____ (yo) di_____ ##Translate the following sentences.## I set the table for dinner. _________________________________________ I have a dog and a cat. ___________________________________________ I come to school every day. _______________________________________ I always do my homework. _______________________________________ I tell the truth. _________________________________________________ I will bring juice to the party. _____________________________________ Stem-changing Verbs There are verbs that have a spelling change in the stem. The stem of a verb is (location) ____________________________ Each verb has a distinct spelling change. There is NO STEM CHANGE in the “nosotros” form! jugar (u-ue) (yo) __________ (tú) __________ (él ella Ud.) _________ (nosotros nosotras) jugamos (ellos ellas Uds.) _________ tener (e-ie) venir (e-ie) decir (e-i) __________ __________ __________ __________ _________ _________ __________ __________ _________ tenemos venimos decimos __________ __________ _________ Other stem-changing verbs dormir (o-ue) pensar (e-ie) poder (o-ue) preferir (e-ie) querer (e-ie) Making Comparisons To compare 2 things you can use ______________________ to say “more than” and _______________________ to say “less than” Some adjectives/adverbs have their own comparative forms and más/menos are not used bueno,-a ____________________________ (better than) malo,-a _____________________________ (worse than) viejo,-a _____________________________ (older than) joven ______________________________ (younger than) ##Translate the following sentences.## My brother is younger than me. ___________________________________ Science class is more interesting than math class. _____________________ _____________________________________________________________ I am shorter than you. ___________________________________________ Mariah is older than Nick. ________________________________________ Studying is worse than sleeping. ___________________________________ To compare 3 or more things, use __________________________ to say something is “the most” and __________________________ to say that something is “the least” To say something is “the best” use __________________________ and _______________________________________ to say “the worst” ##Translate the following sentences.## “Scandal” is the best television program. _____________________ _________________________________________________________ “” is the least interesting movie. ____________________________ _________________________________________________________ Ricardo is the worst student. ______________________________________ Josefina is the ugliest student. _____________________________________ My earrings are the prettiest. ______________________________________ His shoes are the biggest. ________________________________________ Affirmative tú commands Used to tell a friend, family members, or young people what to do To form the commands, you conjugate the verb to the ____________ tense __________________ form hablar _____________ comer _____________ escribir ____________ Some verbs have irregular command forms poner _____________ tener _____________ decir _____________ ser ______________ hacer _____________ venir _____________ salir ______________ ir ________________ ##Translate the following commands.## Make the bed. _________________________________________________ Do your homework. ____________________________________________ Be good. _____________________________________________________ Write your name. ______________________________________________ Dance. _______________________________________________________ Present Progressive Tense Used to talk about actions occurring _________________ To form the present progressive, you must use a present-tense form of the verb ___________ followed by the present _______________. To form the present participle, you add -_______ to the stem of –ar verbs and -_______ to the stem of –er and –ir verbs estar + __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ hablar habl_____ comer com_______ escribir escrib____ ##Translate the following sentences.## I am watching television. ______________________________________ She is running. ______________________________________________ They are studying. ___________________________________________ We are writing a story. _______________________________________ Are you eating? _____________________________________________ Demonstrative Adjectives Used to point out nouns: this, that, these, those and that/those over there They must match the ____________ and ____________ of the nouns they refer to singular plural masculine feminine este/ese/aquel estos/esos/aquellos esta/esa/aquella estas/esas/aquellas ##Translate the following sentences.## This shirt costs twenty dollars. ____________________________________ Those earrings are pretty. ________________________________________ That painting is ugly. ____________________________________________ These curtains are my favorite. ____________________________________ That rug over there is ugly. _______________________________________ Those CDs over there are good. ___________________________________ Preterite Tense Used to talk about actions ________________ in the past To conjugate, add the preterite endings to the stem of the verb hablar (yo) habl (tú) habl (él/ella/Ud.) habl (nosotros/nosotras) habl (ellos/ellas/Uds.) habl comer (yo) com (tú) com (él/ella/Ud.) com (nosotros/nosotras) com (ellos/ellas/Uds.) com escribir (yo) escrib (tú) escrib (él/ella/Ud.) escrib (nosotros/nosotras) escrib (ellos/ellas/Uds.) escrib Verbs that end in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spelling change in the “yo” form. -car ________ ……… buscar bus______ -gar ________ ………. pagar pa_______ -zar ________ ………. almorzar almor_______ ##Translate the following sentences.## Yesterday I ran in the park. _______________________________________ My mom bought earrings. ________________________________________ They shared the pizza with me. ____________________________________ How much did you pay for that sweater? ____________________________ I paid twenty five dollars. ________________________________________ Ser and Estar Ser is used to talk about: o _______________________________________________ o _______________________________________________ o _______________________________________________ o _______________________________________________ o _______________________________________________ Estar is used to talk about: o _______________________________________________ o _______________________________________________ ##Translate the following sentences.## I am lazy. _____________________________________________________ He is tired. ____________________________________________________ Are you from Venezuela? ________________________________________ The necklace is (made of) gold. ___________________________________ The kitchen is next to the dining room. ______________________________ *Make certain to use accent marks where they are required. **Use context clues to figure things out because you don’t have to know every single word in a sentence. ***After you’ve completed the study guide and the exam, you will still need to know all of this information. We will revisit some of these topics throughout second semester. Vocabulary *You should know Spanish I material in addition to level II material House and Chores la alfombra el armario la cama la cómoda las cortinas el cuadro el despertador el dormitorio el espejo el estante la lámpara la mesita la pared el disco compacto el equipo de sonido el lector DVD el televisor el video la videocasetera ¿De qué color …? los colores amarillo, -a anaranjado, -a azul blanco, -a gris marrón morado, -a negro, -a rojo, -a rosado, -a verde bonito, -a feo, -a grande importante mismo, -a pequeño, -a propio, -a a la derecho (de) a la izquierda (de) mejor(es) que el/la mejor; los/las mejores menos…que peor(es) que el/la peor; los/las peores la cosa para mí para ti la posesión cerca (de) lejos (de) vivir el apartamento el baño la cocina el comedor el cuarto el despacho la escalera el garaje el piso la planta baja el primer piso la sala el segundo piso el sótano arreglar el cuarto ayudar cocinar cortar el césped dar (yo doy, tú das) dar de comer al perro hacer la cama lavar (el coche, los platos, la ropa) limpiar el baño Shopping/Clothes/Body buscar comprar el dependiente la dependienta ¿En qué puedo servirle? entrar la tienda la tienda de ropa el abrigo la blusa las botas los calcetines la camisa la camiseta la chaqueta la falda la gorra los jeans los pantalones los pantalones cortos pasar la aspiradora poner (yo pongo, tú pones) poner la mesa los quehaceres quitar el polvo sacar la basura limpio, -a sucio, -a bastante el dinero un momento ¿Qué estás haciendo? recibir si la sudadera el suéter el traje el traje de baño el vestido los zapatos ¿Cómo me/te queda(n)? Me/te queda(n) bien/mal. llevar nuevo, -a quizás Perdón. ¡Vamos! ¿Cuánto cuesta(n)…? costar (o-ue) el precio tanto doscientos, -as trescientos, -as cuatrocientos, -as quinientos, -as seiscientos, -as setecientos, -as ochocientos, -as novecientos, -as mil tener razón los/las dos el almacén/los almacenes en la Red la joyería la librería la tienda de descuentos la tienda de electrodomésticos la zapatería el anillo los anteojos de sol los aretes el bolso la cadena la cartera el collar la corbata los guantes las joyas el llavero el perfume la pulsera el reloj pulsera el software el novio la novia barato, -a caro, -a mirar pagar (por) vender anoche el año pasado ayer hace + time expression la semana pasada ¡Uf! la entrada la ganga el letrero la liquidación (las liquidaciones) el mercado la salida claro, -a de sólo un color oscuro, -a pastel vivo, -a ¿De qué está hecho, -a….? Está hecho, -a de …? algodón cuero lana seda tela sintética alto, -a bajo, -a la caja el cajero la cajera el cheque personal el cheque de viajero el cupón de regalo (los cupones) en efectivo gastar el precio tan + adjective la tarjeta de crédito apretado, -a escoger estar de moda el estilo exagerado, -a flojo, -a la marca mediano, -a el número probarse (o-ue) la talla anunciar encontrar (o-ue) en realidad me/te importa(n) inmediatamente me parece que ¿Qué te parece? recientemente
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