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Chromosome
Aberrations
Atomic
Bomb
By Nanao
Kamada,
Atsushi
in B Lymphocytes
Survivors
Kuramoto,
Takato
Although
chromosome
aberrations
in T
lymphocytes
and bone marrow
cells have
been reported
in atomic
bomb survivors,
the presence
of chromosome
abnormalities
has not been demonstrated
in B lymphocytes because
of the technical
difficulties
involved
in B-lymphocyte
separation.
A
method
for detecting
chromosome
aberrations in B lymphocytes
was established
by
cytes
“stimulation”
tion
of
Epstein-Barr
ration”
virus
B
lymphocytes
(EBV)
instead
of B lymphocytes
HIGH
heavily
Nagasaki
two
30
of
the
patient
seemed
in I 945.
They
have
aberrations
evidence
of
acute
the technical
the presence
lymphocytes.
exposure
bomb.
to
for
exposure
forma-
been
after
have
elucidating
be
the
malignant
lymphocytic
found
to have
and
karyotypically
periods
will
useful
in vivo.
and
the
and
important
B-cell
among high-risk
of accidental
or
to radiation
or
among
and
percentages
cells.’2
Because
anemia3
mitogen,
technique
lymphocytes.
there
are difficulties
in completely
separating
B lymphocytes
from
We report
here a method
for detecting
chromosome
abnormalities
by means
of separation
and 7-day
culture.
Our
of B lymphocytes
pilot study
has
the use of B-cell
surface
markers
in lymphocytes
virus (EBV).
B lymphocytes
were isolated
in soft
separately
transferred
to liquid
culture
for further
EBV
of
difficulties
involved
in selectively
obtaining
mitosis
of B lymphocytes,
of chromosome
abnormalities
has not been
demonstrated
in these
Chromosome
aberrations
in B lymphocytes
have been observed
in
Fanconi’s
pokeweed
stimulation,
detection
of
lympho-
to high
marrow
B
radia-
processes
leukemia,
moderate
in
after
has been
observed
detonated
at Hiroshima
bone
the
former
aberrations
long
ma, and multiple
myeloma
groups
having
a history
therapeutic
exposure
radiomimetic
drugs.
in T lymphocytes
a
to
The
B lymphocytes
in this
study
chromosome
lymphocytes
in
also
yr
atomic
abnormal
clone
of
The
method
used
INCIDENCE
of leukemia
and cancer
exposed
survivors
of the atomic
bombs
of chromosome
heavily
exposed
survivors
and 12.5 % chromosome
50 %
effects
tion.
The
EBV-stimulated
lymphocytes
were isolated
as single colonies
in soft agar
and transferred
to liquid culture for further
cell growth.
The EBV-stimulated
B lympho-
A
of
abnormalities
with
by rosette
Katsuki, and Yorio Hinuma
showed
“sepa-
of
of
soft
agar
of chromosome
colony
formation,
abnormalities
formation,
that in this
T
by
stimulated
with
Epstein-Barr
agar as a single
colony
and then
cell growth.
This method,
using
and
of B
by rosette
revealed
long-term
culture,
lymphocytes
permitted
in heavily
exposed
subjects.
From
the
Hiroshima
Medical
Department
of Internal
University,
School,
Hiroshima,
Kumamoto.
Submitted
August
Supported
by cancer
Ministry
of Health
Address
Biology.
©
1140
reprint
Hiroshima
1979
by Grune
3/.
and
Medicine,
Japan,
Research
and
Institute
the Department
for
Nuclear
Medicine
of Microbiology,
Kumamoto
and
Biology,
University
Japan.
/978;
research
Welfare
requests
accepted
grants
February
from
(1977-1978,
to Nanao
University,
1-2-3
& Stratton.
Inc.
13. /979.
the Ministry
52-11),
Kamada,
Kasumi-cho,
of Education
(/976-1978.
1-53)
and from
the
Japan.
M.D.,
Research
Hiroshima,
Institute
Japan
for
Nuclear
Medicine
and
Vol. 53, No. 6 (June),
1979
734.
0006-4971/79/5306-0014$01.00/0
Blood,
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CHROMOSOME
ABERRATIONS
IN
B LYMPHOCYTES
1141
MATERIALS
Four
heavily
exposed
who
was
I 7 yr of age
rads
and
a clinical
estimated
dose
atomic
bomb
at the
time
diagnosis
of 638
survivors
and
with
an estimated
dose
of over
ATB,
with
an estimated
dose
of about
well
they
all experienced
as burns
Colony
and
(RPMI-l640
106/ml.
One-half
medium
and
strain,
which
of the
lymphocyte
ml of the
(Sea
Plaque
milliliter
containing
used
a diagnosis
cell
each
were
for
Table
fetal
was
1 is a female
dose
1 5 yr of age
of 267
ATB,
Patient
3 is a male
who
was
Patient
4 is a male
who
was
hypertension.
with
melena,
Briefly,
lymphocytes
were
an
36 yr of age
37 yr of age
At the
as epilation,
time
and
of
fever,
as
with
incubated
calf
After
culture
On the 20th
was transferred
medium
culture
a 35-mm
medium
I or 2 wk for further
analyses,
and
the
. Chromosome
growth.
other
half
Experiment
fetal
was
stored
in
in EBV-Stimulated
Bomb
Number
of
Colonies
Picked Up
Number
of
Cell Lines
Established
(A)
(B)
agar
of 2 X
1 ml of the
in each colony
(3040,
Falcon)
weeks
later
Tokyo,
20%
fetal
in the
nitrogen.
ml
To
at 37#{176}C
in a
Two
colony
liquid
to 0.5
of 0.8%
number
plate
with
cell
B95-8
adsorption.
Seisakusho,
of each
Four
Atomic
added
medium,
calfserum.
supplemented
One-half
of
incubated
the cell
culture
from
10 volumes
agar
then
(Toyoshima
Aberrations
calf
petri
the
iapan)
serum)
dish
Metaphases
was
from
B Lymphocytes
Survivors
of
Cell Lines
With
Number
of
Cells
Karyotyped
Abnormal
Karyotype
Ci
1. T.H.
Ju1y26.1977
14
14
0
2.
March
10
6
3
7. 1977
when
tissue
20%
dish
(RPMI-l640
cell
Number
of
with
petri
was
and
and
in the
5 X
TD/ml
Me.),
cells
Falcon)
after incubation,
separately
to a
supplemented
to
1056
of 10 volumes
Rockland,
of the
(3008,
Cells
separated
1 hr at 37#{176}C
for virus
Co.,
mixing
plate
day
of
by
medium
concentration
mononucleosis)
for
Colloid
were
at a final
4.5 ml of a mixture
Marine
serum.
tissue
infectious
N.Y.).
cells
dilution
separated
culture
Island,
medium
(20-fold
added
leukocyte
Grand
culture
a patient
were
with
37#{176}C.Floating
suspension
then
washed
(GIBCO,
at
was
Division,
leukocyte
serum)
leukocyte
virus
From
Y.M.
Patient
exposure
such
and
overnight
from
retransferred
1
calf
mixture
of fetal
colony
chromosome
Patient
study.
radiation
who
symptoms,
mixture
suspension
ml of RPMI-l640
Date
present
of essential
previously.45
in a fresh
on a multi-well
cultured
for
incubated
Biomedical
2 ml of the
were
20%
The
4 volumes
plate
described
with
CO2 incubator.
0.8
no disease.
and
Conray-Ficoll
separated
virus-infected
placed
in the
ulcer.
radiation
were
suspension.
fully humidified
exceeded
1000,
containing
an estimated
2 is a female
and
rads
of a diluted
originally
and
was
rads
acute
resuspended
Agarose;
RPMI-l640,
and
then
was
0.5
for the
with
of duodenal
200
as
of
supplemented
cells
aliquot
made
a gradient
culture
adhering
cells
was
on
leukocyte
selected
trauma.
formation
centrifugation
Patient
400
severe
METHODS
(ATB),
a diagnosis
ATB,
bombing
were
of bombing
of lumbago.
rads
AND
50
Karyotypes
by Means of Conventional
Staining or Banding
46.XX.t(1;11;3)(p21;q23;q21).t(1;21(p21;q23)
46.XX.t(7;
13))p22;q22)
46.XX.tlCq-;Gq+)
AprilS.
July25.
1977
13
1977
9
18
3
16
8
50
46.XX.t(1;11;3)1p21;q23;q21).t(1;2(1p21;q31)
50
46,XX.Aq-
50
47.XX.+G
50
46.XX,ftl;11;3))p21;q23;q21(.t(1;2;9)
50
46,XX.t)1;1
.Cp-.t)Cq-;Gq+)
)p21;q31;q22)
1;3)(p21;q23;q21).t(1;2;9)
(p2 1;q3 1q22)
50
45.XX.-X,t)1;1
1;3))p21;q23;q21(.t)1;2;9(
)p21;q31;q22)
3.
MS.
4.
TB.
The
C/B
August
August
efficiency
X 100.
18, 1977
20.
53
1977
of establishing
24
6
the cell
lines
3
4
is shown
by
50
46.XX.t)Cq-;Gq+)
50
46.XX.Aq+.Cq+
50
46.XX.t(Cq+
50
46.XX,t(Ap-;Aq+)
50
46,XX,tiAq-
50
46.XY.Ap
50
46,XY.Gq+
50
47,XY.+G
Eq-i
;Cq+i.Cq-
.Cq-
,Dq-
0
the
formula
B/A
X
100.
The percentage
of cell lines
with
abnormalities
is calculated
by
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1 142
KAMADA
conventional
then
staining
analyzed
were
by means
initially
of the
karyotyped
Giemsa
banding
in all
method
B-cell
lines.
and/or
Karyotypically
the
quinacrine
abnormal
banding
ET
lines
AL.
were
method.
RESULTS
Lymphocytes
healthy
adult
cells
were
from
subjects
plated
on soft
and their karyotypes
exactly
the same
subjects
showed
showed
abnormal
agar.
Three
weeks
4 atomic
bomb
survivors
with B95-8
EBV, and
after
plating,
picked
up (Table
1 ) and transferred
in the liquid
culture.
The efficiency
soft agar were
failed
to grow
(B/A)
showed
the peripheral
blood
of
as controls
were stimulated
are shown
in Table
karyotype.
Cell lines
abnormal
karotypes.
abnormal
karyotypes
in the
cell lines out of 6 established
In
three
cell
cell
I. All metaphases
from 2 of the
patient
colonies
to liquid
culture.
of establishment
2,
growing
in
Some colonies
of cell lines
from
a cell
line
4 radiation-exposed
33%-50%
experiments
lines in the
and 2
then the
of
the
cell
lines
performed
separately
(3
first experiment,
3 of 9 cell
ii
e
J
I
2
3
6
7
8
4
9
5
10
2
4.#{149}
._i_
13
4
15
16
17
lB
.4
0.4w,
St
920
Giemsa-banded
contain
two
(p21 ;q31 ;q22).
Fig. 1.
seems
to
2122
karyotype
complex
of EBV-stimulated
translocations:
B lymphocyte
46,XX,t(1
4
XX
from patient
2. The karyotype
;1 1 ;3)(p2 1 ;q23;q2
1 ),t(1 ;2;9)
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CHROMOSOME
ABERRATIONS
Table
2.
IN
B LYMPHOCYTES
Chromosome
Aberrations
1143
in T Lymphocytes
in Four Atomic
Chromosome
and Bone
Marrow
Cells
Bomb Survivors
Number
Percentage
48
Patient
Cell Source
45
3
46
47
29(2)
1(1)
Lymphocytes
Y.M.
Lymphocytes
Bone marrow
4(3)
79(25)
1(1)
3.
MS.
Lymphocytes
8(2)
53(11)
1(1)
Bone marrow
3
4.
TB.
Lymphocytes
Peripheral
of metaphases
76(28)
lymphocytes
with
were
stimulated
For bone marrow
abnormal
Patient
T.H.
9.1
1(1)
77(29)
1(1)
85(30)
35.3
62(14)
22.6
46(14)
49(14)
28.6
100(16)
100(16)
16.0
by PHA (HA-is,
cells a direct
3.
Abnormal
46,XX.t(Ap-
method
Wellcome
Co.,
was used.
Figures
Abnormal
Karyotypes
37.7
England)
and were
harvested
in parentheses
Patient
Karyotype
;Dq+)
3.
MS.
Abnormal
45,XY,
-C,Bq-
45,XY.
-
Karyotype
C,t(3p
-
;i 7q ±)
46,XY.t(9p-;17q+).2p-
+D,Gq-
46,XY,t(3p-;9p+)
2.
Y.M.
46,XX,t(ip-
;Bq+),t(6q-
46,XX.t(lp+;8q-).
;Dq+)
46,XY.t(2p-;
18p+)
16p-
46.XY,t(Aq+;4q-)
46,XX.t(lq+;Bq-).
12q+
46,XY,t(7q+
;9q-)
46,XX.t(lq+;Bq-).
12q+
46,XY,inv(lp
-
46.XX.t(2p
+ ;4q -
),6q
46,XY,2p
-
46,XX,t(2q+;Bq-),t(7p-;Fq+)
46.XY.
46,XX.t(3p-;9q+)
46.XY.7q-
46,XX,t(3p-
;8q+),
46,XX,t(4q+
;5q-)
1 8q+
lOp-
;8q-)
46,XY,t(Bq-;Dq+)
47.XY.+8
46.XX.t(Bq-;6p+).3P46,XX.t(Bq-
;6p+),
46,XX.t(Bq+
;Dq-)
46,XX,t(12q+
1 2p 4.
TB.
46,XY,t(lp-;
13q+)
46.XY.t(lp-;2Oq+)
;Dq-)
46,XY.t(lp-;21q+)
46,XX,t(6p-;Fq+).Gq+
46.XX.t(Cq-
;Fq+),Gq-
46,XX,inv(2p
-
46,XX.t(Dq
± ;Dq
46.XX.inv(2p
-
46,XX,lp-,4q-
q ± ),t(Cq
-)
q ±)
46,XY,t(lq-;8q+)
± ;2Oq -)
46,XY.t(2q-
;Fq+)
46,XY,t(4q
+ ;6q
46,XY,t(4q+;
46,XY,t(7q-;Dq+)
-
46,XY,t(llq-;16q+)
46.XX.2p
-
46.XY.2q+
46,XX.2p-
46,XY,5q-,
46,XX,2p-,6p-,12q-
46.XY,l
46,XX,2p-.6q+.7p-
46.XY.9q
46,XX.3p-,17q-
46.XY.
-
46,XX,t(iq+;6q-)
46,XX.
12q+
48,XX,llq-,+F,+G
,Dq12q+
ip-
1 7q+
46,XY.7q46,XY,Gp+
-)
1 5q-)
46.XX,2p
46.XX.3p
q ±)
-
46.XY.t(2q+
at 48
give the numbers
in T Lymphocytes
46,XX.Bq47.XX.
Chromosomes
karyotypes.
Table
1.
Total
33(3)
1. T.H.
of Cells
With Abnormal
More
2.
and 72 hr of culture.
or
,r(18)
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1 144
KAMADA
lines
in the
patient
second
experiment,
3, 12.5%
of cell
abnormal
karyotype
the 2 control
subjects.
of aberrations,
such
some
each
lines,
lines
and
8 of 16 cell
showed
abnormal
in the
by
EBV
blood of patients
detected
in any
of cell surface
negative
spontaneous
positive
Fc-receptor.
In
metaphases
with
in vitro
and
two
clonal
lymphocytes
positive
The chromosome
aberrations
in T lymphocytes
bomb survivors
studied
by us are shown
in Table
case
are
No apparent
listed
in Table
clone
lines
formation
found
in the
marrow
Table
karyotypes
marrow
in the
cells
abnormalities
in the
individual
Table
Patient
Y.M.
4.
Abnormal
Karyotype
Abnormal
marrow
were
was
found
4 (bone
from
bone
formation
karyotypic
very
T lymphocytes.
low,
among
in Bone
being
B and
less
than
T lymphocytes
M arrow
Cells
Patient
Abnormal
45,XX,2Oq+.-15
46,XX,t(iOq-;15q+)
45,XX,-17.22q
46,XX,t(llp-;21q+)
45,XX,-C,l7q-,21q-
46,XX,t(15p+;16q-),Gq-
46,XX,lq-
46,XX,t(15q-;17p+)
46,XX,3q
46,XX,t(15q-;17p+)
Karyotype
47,XX,+4,t(ilp-;21q+)
46,XX,l2p
46,XX,
1 3q+
46,XX,
1 5q -
6O,XX,
46,XX,21q+
3.
MS.
+ 5C, + 6E, + F, + 2G
46,XY,3q-
46,XX,21q+
46,XY,4q+
46,XX,21q-
46,XY,16q-
46,XX,22q-
46,XY,16q-
46,XY,18q-
46,XX,22p+
46,XX,inv(5p
-
q ±)
46.XY.
1 8q-
46,XX,inv(7p
-
q ±)
46,XY,
1 8q
-
46,XX,t(lq-;2q+)
46,XY,2Oq-
46,XX.t(lq+;2q-)
46,XY,2Oq-
46,XX,t(lq-;16p+).17q-
46,XY,2Oq-
46,XX,t(2q-;21q+)
46,XY,2Oq-
46.XX,t(2q+;12q-)
46,XY,21q-
46,XX,t(5p-;21q+)
46,XY,t(4q-;
46,XX,t(6p+;15q-)
46,XY,inv(5p±q-)
46,XX,t(6p+;
1 5q-)
cells).
On
were found
in the bone
to be clones.
However,
cases.
Kary otypes
as
and
and
3 (T lymphocytes)
was
such
cells of atomic
karyotypes
in
the
of clone
from
and bone marrow
2, and the abnormal
identical
abnormalities
3. Some
of those seemed
rate
directly
to be of B-cell origin,
surface
immunoglobulin,
the other hand,
some karyotypically
marrow
cells from patients
2 and
No common
isolated
with infectious
mononucleosis.
No chromosome
aberraof them.
In all cell lines analyzed
for chromosomes
the
markers
revealed
the
rosette
formation,
tests
2.
experiment).
No
were detected
in the other
2 patients
(patients
1 and 4) or in
Abnormal
karyotypes
were characterized
by the stable
types
as deletions
and translocation.
In patient
2, multiple
chromo-
transformed
peripheral
tions were
bone
third
karyotypes.
AL.
abnormalities,
including
two complex
translocations
(Fig.
1 ), were found
in
experiment.
In parallel,
we examined
chromosomes
from four lymphoid
cell
including
two clonal
lines derived
from normal
umbilical
cord blood lympho-
cytes
each
lines
ET
13q+)
25%.
and
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CHROMOSOME
ABERRATIONS
IN B LYMPHOCYTES
114
DISCUSSION
Many
studies
have
been
made
and
reported
concerning
chromosome
aberrations
of PHA-stimulated
lymphocytes
(T lymphocytes)
in atomic
bomb survivors.
Most
of the aberrations
are of stable
types,
such
as translocations,
deletions,
and
inversions.
This implies
that the unstable
types of chomosome
aberrations
that have
been induced
by atomic
bomb radiation
are eliminated
in vivo through
mitosis.
The
percentage
of cells with stable
types of chromosome
aberrations
in atomic
bomb
survivors
depends
exposed
to more
some abnormalities
on the radiation
exposure
dose. Atomic
bomb survivors
who were
than 200 rads had approximately
20%-30%
of cells with chromoin T lymphocytes.
Some clones
with abnormal
karyotypes
were
also found
in this population.”6
Bone marrow
studied
in heavily
exposed
subjects.
About
50%
1000 m
karyotypes
of
vors
clones
have
abnormal
Because
the
with
hypocenter
stable
types
with
aberrations
were also
survivors
exposed
within
have
been
shown
to have
of chromosome
abnormalities.2
chromosome
karyotype
was
of the technical
chromosome
of healthy
abnormalities,
very low, not exceeding
difficulties
involved
but
20%-50%
Some
the
of abnormal
of these
survi-
frequency
20% among
in selectively
of clones
the cells
obtaining
with
examined.
mitosis
of B
lymphocytes,
the presence
of chromosome
abnormalities
has not been demonstrated
in these
lymphocytes.
Bushkell
et al,3 using
a method
of separation
of B lymphocytes by rosette
formation,
pokeweed
mitogen,
and 7-day
cultures,
have observed
chromosome
aberrations
there are some
lymphocytes.
lymphocytes.
chromosome
EBV
test of cell
experiment
difficulties
Pokeweed
In the
aberrations
instead
metaphases
of B lymphocytes
of
from
involved
mitogen
in Fanconi’s
in completely
can
stimulate
present
work
we
in B lymphocytes
“separation”
of
a cell line with
abnormal
surface
marker
that each cell
B
anemia.
technique
separating
B lymphocytes
from
T lymphocytes
as well
as
have
developed
by “stimulation”
lymphocytes
T
B
a method
for detecting
of B lymphocytes
by
by
karyotype
revealed
B-lymphocyte
line originated
from
In their
rosette
were
formation.
exactly
the same
As
all
and
the
characteristics,
it is clear in our
a single
B lymphocyte.
We have
found
that
heavily
exposed
survivors
still have
radiation-induced
chromosome
aberrations
in B lymphocytes
as well as T lymphocytes
and bone marrow
cells 30 yr
after atomic
bomb exposure.
Furthermore,
some data suggesting
clone formation
of
B lymphocytes
with chromosome
abnormalities
have been observed.
In the atomic
bomb
among
these
stem
study
survivors
B and
we have studied,
no common
karyotypic
T lymphocytes
and bone marrow
cells.
abnormalities
Observations
were found
of cells with
common
karyotypic
abnormalities
imply that these cells were derived
from
cell that was damaged
in the bone marrow
at the time of bombing.
Further
must
be made
before
making
any conclusion
about
a parallel
relationship
a
among
percentages
of chromosome
abnormalities
in B lymphocytes,
T lymphocytes, and bone marrow
cells in subjects
with a history
of atomic
bomb
exposure.
Some
laboratory
data have been reported
that may reflect
abnormal
functions
of
B lymphocytes.
Hall et al.7 observed
a significantly
higher
immunoglobulin
level,
especially IgG, in the sera of heavily
exposed
women,
as compared
nonexposed
women.
B or T lymphocytes
or both lymphocytes
aberrations may be involved in these elevated
values.
Three
strains
of EBV (B95-8,
P3HR-1,
and AG-876)
have
been
with the sera
with chromosome
reported
to date.
of
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1146
KAMADA
The
B95-8
strain,
which
was
used
in the
present
work,
the peripheral
bloodsof
a patient
with transfusion-induced
sis.8 The B95-8 strain
has EBV-determined
nuclear
transformation
capacity.
A second
virus
strain
was
was
originally
ET
derived
AL.
from
infectious
mononucleoantigen
(EBNA)
and in vitro
produced
by the P3HR-1
cell
line. This cell line was originally
derived
from the Jiioye
Burkitt’s
lymphoma
cell
line by soft agar cloning.9
The virus produced
by this cell line is generally
incapable
of
in vitro
transformation,
genome-positive
isolated
from
with
Burkitt’s
capacity.
A high
and
but
lymphoma.
incidence
recently
This
of radiation
infectious
antigen
(EA)
in the
EBV-
exposure,
with
a history
has
been
EBNA
and
observed
cell
if those
(B95-8),
study
of the
of heavy
suggests
that
abnormalities
This method
cytes
will be
(B-cell
type),
has
lymphoma
even
In the present
second
passage
observation
chromosome
EBV.
strain
in vitro
transformation
in both
lines,’2”3
long-maintained
but
no
chromosome
from patients
immunoglobulin-
with
are harboring
EBV and proliferating
in the lymphoid
lines
obtained
from
umbilical
cord
blood
lymphocytes
by EBV in vitro.’2
It has been well documented
that
with normal
chromosome
constitution
and without
any
mononucleosis
establishment.’4
found
at the
subjects
early
found
in 3 1 lymphoid
cell lines derived
(it is well known
that in these
patients
producing
B lymphocytes
tissues)
nor in 1 8 cell
experimentally
transformed
cell lines from
subjects
from
induce
14q+
Burkitt’s
have been
mononucleosis
history
EBV
of marker
established
aberrations
infectious
it will
nonproducing
RAJI
cell line.’0
The third
strain
was recently
a cell line (AG-876)
established
from the splenic
tumor
of a patient
cells
are
show
transformed
normal
some cell lines with
cell line. Abnormalities
exposure
to atomic
accidentally or therapeutically
aberrations
processes
multiple
exposed
at
abnormal
were
bomb
these cell lines with abnormal
not from
in vitro
effects
of detecting
chromosome
useful
in elucidating
the
B-cell
lymphoma,
and
by EBV
karyotypes
time
karyotypes
observed
radiation.
The
or radiomimetic
of
were
only in
present
karyotypes
indicate
through
transformation
of EBV-stimulated
of acute
lymphocytic
myeloma
found
in
to radiation
derived
the
in vivo
by
B lympholeukemia
individuals
drugs.
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I.
Awa
Sofuni
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Kersey
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atomic
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and
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JR
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RJ, Gerber
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by
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AB,
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cell
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From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 16, 2017. For personal use only.
1979 53: 1140-1147
Chromosome aberrations in B lymphocytes of atomic bomb survivors
N Kamada, A Kuramoto, T Katsuki and Y Hinuma
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