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Bird Checklist
Bird Checklist for the
National Parks of Hawai“i
for the National Parks of Hawai‘i
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National
parks preserve
Bird
Checklist
for thesome of the most precious natural and cultural
National
Hawai“i
landscapes inParks
Hawai‘i.of
These
irreplaceable preserves protect a wide range of
habitats and offer park visitors the opportunity to enjoy birds in spectacular
settings. Please adhere to all park policies when visiting national parks.
This checklist includes all birds that occur in the national parks of Hawai‘i.
All endemic birds are listed, including those presumed to have become extinct in
modern times. Data were provided by the National Park Service. Nomenclature
and vernacular names generally follow The AOU Check-list of North American
Birds, 7th Edition. Hawaiian names are listed before the new English names and
are based on Checklist of the Birds of Hawaii, 2002 by Robert L. Pyle.
Key to residency:
E (Native Endemic) species and sub-species found here but nowhere else
E = federally endangered or threatened native endemics
N (Native Indigenous) species that arrived in the islands unassisted by M
I
people and established breeding populations but that occur elsewhere
(Migratory) migrant species that pass through Hawai�i during migration
or arrive in the fall to spend the winter and depart in the spring
(Introduced) non-native species that were released in Hawai‘i by
humans and have established wild breeding populations
Key to relative abundance in suitable habitat/season in each park:
A (Abundant) seen daily, in relatively large numbers
C (Common) seen daily, but not in large numbers
U (Unusual) seen monthly; locally common
R (Rare) seen only a few times each year; or endangered species that might O
X
be found in their restricted habitats
(Occasional) seen every few years, but not every year
(Extinct) endemic species presumed to be extinct throughout their range and introduced species are longer present in the park(s)
The birder’s experience in Hawai‘i is heightened by a diversity of
endemic birds that evolved in Hawaiʻi and are found nowhere else on earth.
Their Hawaiian names are beautifully descriptive and reflect the strong cultural
link Native Hawaiians share with all things wild. As you explore the beaches,
fishponds and forests, listen for their songs. Enjoy their beauty and grace, study
their behavior, and learn more about their native lore.
COVER PHOTOGRAPHS © JACK JEFFREY, (‘I‘IWI, ‘AUKU‘U, PUEO, ‘ĀKOHEKOHE
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Bird Checklist for the
National Parks of Hawai“i
FAMILY ANATIDAE — GEESE AND DUCKS
__Greater White-fronted Goose
M O
__ Brant
M O
__ Canada Goose
M O
__ Nēnē or Hawaiian Goose E
__ Gadwall
M O
__ Eurasian Wigeon
M
O
__ American Wigeon
M
Anser albifrons Branta bernicla
Branta canadensis minima Branta sandvicensis
Anas strepera Anas penelope Anas americana U
C
U
__ Mallard
IO
__ Koloa maoli or Hawaiian Duck
E
R
__ Blue-winged Teal
M
R
__ Cinnamon Teal
M
O
__ Koloa mohā or Northern Shoveler
M
CO
__ Koloa māpu or Northern Pintail
M
R
__ Garganey
M
O
__ Green-winged Teal
M
O
__ Canvasback
M
O
__ Redhead
M
O
__ Common Pochard
M
O
__ Ring-necked Duck
M
U
__ Tufted Duck
M
O
__ Greater Scaup
M
O
__ Lesser Scaup
M
U
__ Bufflehead
M
O
Anas platyrhynchos
Anas wyvilliana Anas discors Anas cyanoptera Anas clypeata Anas acuta
Anas querquedula Anas crecca Aythya valisineria Redhead
Aythya americana Aythya ferina Aythya collaris Aythya fuligula Aythya marila Aythya affinis
Bucephala albeola
C
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Bird Checklist for the
National Parks of Hawai“i
FAMILY ANATIDAE — GEESE AND DUCKS (contINUED)Hooded Merganser
__ Hooded Merganser
M O
Lophodytes cucullatus family Phasianidae — pheasants, turkeys, and quail
__ Chukar
I
__ Gray Francolin
I UOC
__ Black Francolin
I UU
__ Erckel’s Francolin
I
__ Japanese Quail
IO
__ Moa or Red Junglefowl
I R
__ Kalij Pheasant
I C
__ Ring-necked Pheasant
IC R O
__ Green Pheasant
I R
__ Indian Peafowl or (Peacock)
IO
__ Wild Turkey
I R
__ California Quail
I UR
Alectoris chukar Francolinus pondicerianus Francolinus francolinus Francolinus erckelii Coturnix japonica
Gallus gallus Lophura leucomelanos Phasianus colchicus
Phasianus versicolor Pavo cristatus
Meleagris gallopavo Callipepla californica family Podicipedidae — grebes
A
CO
__ Pied-billed Grebe
M R
__ ‘Ua‘u or Hawaiian Petrel
EU R
__ ʻOu or Bulwer’s Petrel
N
__ ʻUaʻu kani or Wedge-tailed Shearwater
N OR
__ Sooty Shearwater
M R
__ ‘A‘o or Newell’s Shearwater
ER OR
__ ʻAkēʻakē or Band-rumped Storm-Petrel
NR R
__ Koaʻe kea or White-tailed Tropicbird NC C
Podilymbus podiceps Family Procellariidae — Shearwaters and Petrels
Pterodroma sandwichensis Bulweria bulwerii Puffinus pacificus
Puffinus griseus Puffinus auricularis newelli Family Hydrobatidae — Storm petrels
Oceanodroma castro
Phaethon lepturus dorotheae
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Bird Checklist for the
National Parks of Hawai“i
FAMILY PHAETHONTIDAE — TROPICBIRDS
__ Koaʻe ʻula or Red-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda
family Sulidae — Boobies and GanNets
NR R
__ ʻĀ or Brown Booby N RRR
__ʻĀ or Red-footed Booby N
Sula leucogaster Sula sula FAMILY FREGATIDAE — FRIGATEBIRDS
__ ʻIwa or Great Frigatebird
NC U O C R
__ Great Blue Heron M O
__ Snowy Egret M O
Fregata minor palmerstoni
FAMILY ARDEIDAE — EGRETS AND HERONS
Ardea herodias Egretta thula __ Cattle Egret IC OU O
__ ʻAukuʻu or Black-crowned Night-Heron NC O C O R
__ White-faced Ibis
M O
__ Osprey MO O
__ Northern Harrier
MO
__ ʻIo or Hawaiian Hawk EO C O O
__ Peregrine Falcon MO R R
__ Moho or Hawaiian Rail E X
__ ʻAlae keʻokeʻo or Hawaiian Coot E C
__ American Coot M O
__ Black-bellied Plover M O
__ Kōlea or Pacific Golden-Plover MCCCCU
__ Semipalmated Plover MOO
Bubulcus ibis
Nycticorax nycticorax
family threskiornithdae — ibis
Plegadis chihi
fAMILY Pandionidae — oSPREY
Pandion haliaetus
FAMILY ACCIPITRIDAE — HAWKS
Circus cyaneus Buteo solitarius
FAMILY FALCONIDAE — FALCONS
Falco peregrinus
Family Rallidae — rails, coots, and gallinules
Porzana sandwichensis
Fulica alai Fulica americana FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE — PLOVERS and Dotterels
Pluvialis squatarola Pluvialis fulva
Charadrius semipalmatus
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Bird Checklist for the
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Family Recurvirostridae — avocets and stilts
__ Ae‘o or Hawaiian Stilt
E CO
Himantopus mexicanus knudseni Family Scolopacidae — sandpipers and curlews
__ Spotted Sandpiper M O
__ Gray-tailed Tattler
M O
__ ‘Ūlili or Wandering Tattler
MC U C C C
__ Lesser Yellowlegs
M O
__ Whimbrel
M O
__ Kioea or Bristle-thighed Curlew
M OOO
__ Bar-tailed Godwit
M O
__ ʻAkekeke or Ruddy Turnstone
MU U C C C
__ Red Knot
M R
__ Hunakai or Sanderling
M UCU
__ Semipalmated Sandpiper
M R
__ Western Sandpiper
M O
__ Red-necked Stint
M O
__ Least Sandpiper M O
__ Pectoral Sandpiper
M O
__Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
M O
__ Dunlin
M O
__ Ruff
M R
__ Short-billed Dowitcher
MOO
__ Long-billed Dowitcher
M R
__ Red Phalarope
M O
Actitis macularia
Heteroscelus brevipes Heteroscelus incanus Tringa flavipes Numenius phaeopus phaeopus Numenius tahitiensis
Limosa lapponica Arenaria interpres Calidris canutus Calidris alba Calidris pusilla Calidris mauri Calidris ruficollis Calidris minutilla Calidris melanotos Calidris acuminata Calidris alpina Philomachus pugnax Limnodromus griseus
Limnodromus scolopaceus Phalaropus fulicaria lä
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Bird Checklist for the
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Family Scolopacidae — sandpipers and curlews (contINUED)
__ Wilson’s Phalarope
M O
__ Laughing Gull
M R
__ Franklin’s Gull MOO
__ Bonaparte’s Gull
M OOO
__ Ring-billed Gull
MOO
__ Herring Gull
M
__ Glaucous-winged Gull
M O
__ Noio or ʻEkiʻeki, Black Noddy
EC C U
__ Manu-o-ku, White Tern
N R
__ ʻEwaʻewa, Sooty Tern
M RR
__ Little Tern
MOO
__ Least Tern
MO
__ Caspian Tern
M R O
__ Black Tern
M O
__ Arctic Tern
M R
__ South Polar Skua
M R
__ Pomarine Jaeger
M R
__ Long-tailed Jaeger
M O
Phalaropus tricolor
FAMILY LARIDAE — GULLS AND TERNS
Larus atricilla Larus pipixcan Larus philadelphia
Larus delawarensis Larus argentatus Larus glaucescens Anous minutus melanogenys
Gygis alba
Sterna fuscata
Sterna albifrons Sterna antillarum Sterna caspia Chlidonias niger Sterna paradisaea FAMILY Stercorariidae — jaegers and Skuas
Catharacta maccormicki Stercorarius pomarinus Stercorarius longicaudus family Columbidae — pigeons and doves
__ Rock Pigeon
ICO RU
__ Spotted Dove
IC UCC C
__ Zebra Dove
IC UCC C
Columba livia Streptopelia chinensis
Geopelia striata
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Bird Checklist for the
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family Columbidae — pigeons and doves (CONTINUED)
__ Mourning Dove
IR R
__ Burrowing Parakeet or Patagonian Conure
IU
__ Barn-Owl
IUUUUU
__ Pueo or (Hawaiian) Short-eared Owl
ECRRRR
__ Belted Kingfisher
M O
__ Hawai‘i ‘Ō‘ō
E X
__ Kioea
E X
__ ‘Alalā or Hawaiian Crow
EX X
__ Hawai‘i ‘Elepaio
E C
__ (Eurasian) Skylark
IC U R
__ Japanese Bush-Warbler
IC U
__ Oloma‘o or Molokaʻi Thrush
EX
__ ‘Ōma‘o
E C
__ Hwamei or Melodious Laughing Thrush
IC C
__ Red-billed Leiothrix
IA C
__ Japanese White-eye or Mejiro
IAACC C
Zenaida macroura Family PSITTACIDAE — Parrots
Cyanoliseus patagonus
family Tytonidae — barn owls
Tyto alba Family Strigidae — typical owls
Asio flammeus sandwichensis Family alcedinidae — kingfishers
Ceryle alcyon
family meliphagidae — honeyeaters
Moho nobilis
Chaetoptila angustipluma
family corvidae — jays, crows, and ravens
Corvus hawaiiensis (survives in captivity)
family Monarchidae — monarch flycatchers
Chasiempis sandwichensis sandwichensis family alaudidae — Larks
Alauda arvensis arvensis family sylviidae — Old World warblers
Cettia diphone family turdidae — thrushes and robins
Myadestes lanaiensis
Myadestes obscurus family timaliidae — babblers
Garrulax canorus Leiothrix lutea family zosteropidae — White-eyes
Zosterops japonicus
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Bird Checklist for the
National Parks of Hawai“i
family mimidae — mockingbirds and chats
__ Northern Mockingbird
IC RR
__ Common Myna ICCCCC
__ Saffron Finch I CCCC
__ Brazilian Cardinal or Red-crested Cardinal I CCC
__ Yellow-billed Cardinal
I UCCC
__ Northern Cardinal
ICCCCC
__ House Finch
IAACC C
__ Yellow-fronted Canary
I RCUR
__ Hawai‘i ‘Ō‘ū EX X
__ Lesser Koa-Finch
E X
__ Greater Koa-Finch
E X
__ Kona Grosbeak
E X
__ Kiwikiu or Maui Parrotbill
ER
__ Hawaiʻi ‘Amakihi
E A
__ Maui ‘Amakihi
EC
__ Lesser ‘Akialoa E X
__ Maui Nukupu‘u EX
__ ‘Akiapōlā‘au E R
__ Hawaiʻi Creeper E R
__ Maui ʻAlauahio or Maui Creeper EC
Mimus polyglottos
family sturnidae — Starlings and Mynahs
Acridotheres tristis Family Emberizidae — new world sparrows and towhees
Sicalis flaveola
Paroaria coronata
Paroaria capitata
Family cardinalidae — cardinals and grosbeaks
Cardinalis cardinalis family fringillidae — finches and hawaiian honeycreepers
Carpodacus mexicanus Serinus mozambicus
Psittirostra psittacea
Rhodacanthis flaviceps
Rhodacanthis palmeri
Chloridops kona
Pseudonestor xanthophrys
Hemignathus virens virens
Hemignathus virens wilsoni
Hemignathus obscurus
Hemignathus lucidus affinis Hemignathus munroi Oreomystis mana Paroreomyza montana newtoni
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Bird Checklist for the
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family fringillidae — finches and hawaiian honeycreepers (cONtinued)
__ Hawaiʻi ʻĀkepa
E R
__ Maui ʻĀkepa
EX
__ ‘Ula‘aihāwane E X
__ ‘Iʻiwi EC U
__ Hawai‘i Mamo E X
__ ‘Ākohekohe or Crested Honeycreeper
EC
__ ‘Apapane EA A
__ Poʻouli EX
__ House Sparrow IAAUU C
__ Lavender Waxbill IA UU
__ African Silverbill ICUCU
__ Nutmeg Mannikin IC CCUU
__ Java Sparrow IC U
Loxops coccineus coccineus Loxops coccineus ochraceus
Ciridops anna
Vestiaria coccinea
Drepanis pacifica
Palmeria dolei
Himatione sanguinea Melamprosops phaeosoma
Family passeridae — Old World sparrows
Passer domesticu
family estrildidae — waxbills and mannikins
Estrilda caerulescens Lonchura cantans Lonchura punctulata Padda oryzivora For further information on the birds in Hawaiʻi:
 Hawaii’s Birds, field guide by Hawaii Audubon Society
 Hawai‘i’s Plants and Animals: Biological Sketches of Hawai‘i Volcanoes
National Park, by Charles P. Stone and Linda W. Pratt
 A Photographic Guide to the Birds of Hawai‘i, by Jim Denny
 Hawaii’s Birds, a DVD by Jim Denny
These books and DVD are available in the Hawaiʻi Pacific
Parks Association bookstores in national park visitor
centers or shop online at www.hawaiipacificparks.org.
National Parks of Hawai“i
Haleakalā National Park
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Bird Spots
Checklist
the
Hot
forfor
Birds
Drive the Crater Road up through the high-elevation shrub zone and look for
Maui ʻamakihi, ʻapapane, pueo (short-eared owl), and the endangered nēnē
(Hawaiian goose). ʻIʻiwi and Maui ʻalauahio sometimes make an appearance at
the Hosmer Grove Campground. After sunset, ‘ua‘u (Hawaiian petrel) can be
heard returning to their nesting colonies below Haleakalā Visitor Center. Scan
the rocky shores of Kīpahulu for wintering shorebirds and search the seacliffs
for noio (black noddy). Look inland to the steep cliffs of Makahiku Falls to
witness the spectacular aerials of koaʻe kea (white-tailed tropicbirds).
Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park
The forest around Volcano House hotel and Nāhuku (Thurston Lava Tube)
harbor ʻapapane, Hawai‘i ‘amakihi, and ʻōmaʻo. In addition, ʻelepaio and
ʻio (Hawaiian hawk) can be found at Kīpukapuaulu (Bird Park). You might
encounter anʻiʻiwi above 5,000 feet (1,500 m) on the Mauna Loa Road. Several
small flocks of nēnē fly over the Steam Vents at dawn and dusk, on their
way to and from roosting sites and feeding grounds. Search the thermals of
Halemaʻumaʻu Crater for koaʻe kea (white-tailed tropicbirds). Watch for noio
(black noddy) just offshore along the lower Chain of Craters Road.
Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park
Wintering shorebirds pick and prowl the rocks and shallows along the beaches
and coastal lava flows. During these cooler months, ʻAimakapā Fishpond
is usually a rewarding site to locate species of migratory ducks. It is also at
ʻAimakapā where you will find those endemic specialties, such as ʻalae keʻokeʻo
(Hawaiian coot), and ae‘o (Hawaiian stilt). The native ʻaukuʻu (black-crowned
night-heron) hunts the shallows of both fishponds at dawn and dusk.
Pu‘uhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park
Pu‘ukoholā Heiau National Historic Site
In these coastal parks you will find many of the non-native birds that have been
introduced to the islands. Always keep an eye out towards the sea for native
seabirds. You might catch a glimpse of petrels or shearwaters skimming over
the waves, a flock of ʻa (brown boobies) plunge diving for fish, or ʻiwa (great
frigatebirds) soaring effortlessly on their long, angular wings.
for the National Parks of Hawai‘i
Bird Checklist
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Bird Checklist for the
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National Parks of Hawai“i
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© H. DOUGLAS PRATT
Hawaiian Honeycreepers, Feared Extinct?
www.hawaiipacificparks.org
These beautiful birds made their home in the forests and
shrub-lands of today’s national parks. Tragically, all 12 are
feared to have gone extinct during modern times. The last
confirmed sighting for some of these birds has been in the last
few decades. There is still hope that some alert scientist or
observant visitor might be fortunate enough to catch a fleeting
glimpse or perhaps hear their song resounding through the
forests of the national parks of Hawai‘i.
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Maui ʻĀkepa, Loxops coccineus wolstenholmei
Maui Nukupuʻu, Hemignathus lucidus affinus
Hoa or Black Mamo, Drepanis funerea
Kona Grosbeak, Chloridops kona
Hawai‘i Mamo, Drepanis pacifica
Lesser ‘Akialoa, Hemignathus obscurus
Kākāwahie, Paroreomyza flammea
‘Ula‘aihāwane, Ciridops anna
Poʻouli, Melamprosops phaeosoma
Hōpue or Greater Koa-Finch, Rhodacanthis palmeri
‘Ō‘ū, Psittirosta psittacea
Lesser Koa Finch, Rhodacanthis flaviceps
Printed on recycled paper with soy-based ink