Reference Materials
Formulas From Geometry
Triangle
h = a sin q
Area = 1/2bh
c
a
h
(Law of Cosines)
c2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab cos q
Sector of Circular Ring
(p = average radius,
w = width of ring,
b
p
q in radians)
Area = qpw
q
q
w
Right Triangle
El-
(Pythagorean Theorem)
c2 = a2 + b2
c
Area = pab
a
Circumference » 2p
b
a2 + b2
2
a
b
Cone
Equilateral Triangle
h=
3s
2
s
Area =
3s
2
(A = area of base)
Ah
Volume =
3
s
h
Right Circular Cone
Area = bh
pr2h
Volume =
3
Lateral Surface Area =
h
b
h
Area = (a + b)
2
h
Frustum of Right Circular Cone
h
p(r2 + rR + R2)h
Volume =
3
b
r
r2 + h2
a
a
r
h
Lateral Surface Area = ps(R + r)
h
b
Right Circular Cylinder
Circle
2
Area = pr = pd
4
2
d
Circular Ring
(p = average radius,
w = width of ring)
Area = p(R2 - r2)
= 2ppw
h
Lateral Surface Area = 2prh
Sector of Circle
(q in radians)
qr2
Area =
2
s = rq
r
Area = pr2h
r
Circumference = 2pr
= pd
230K
A
s
Parallelogram
Trapezoid
h
s
Sphere
4
Volume = pr3
3
r
Surface Area = 4pr2
q
r
r
P
R
w
Wedge
(A = area of upper face,
B = area of base)
A
A = B sec q
q
B
R