The Coefficients of Conservatism (CC) are the foundation of the Plant Stewardship Index (PSI). CC values were assigned based on the following scale: 0 to 3 Plants with a high range of ecological tolerances/found in a variety of plant communities 4 to 6 Plants with an intermediate range of ecological tolerances/associated with a specific plant community 7 to 8 Plants with a poor range of ecological tolerances/associated with advanced successional state 9 to 10 Plants with a high degree of fidelity to a narrow range of habitats These calculations can be used to answer a variety of questions about your site. The two most common questions asked are: "What is 'naturalness' of the site?" and "Are my land management practices effecting the health of the site?" The FQAI, which uses only native plants in the calculation, will assist in determining the naturalness of your site. The PSI, which includes nonnatives in computing [somtimes referred to as "adventives"] can be used to track the effects of land management practices. 1) Compile a plant list of the species within the assessment area. 2) Assign the Coefficient of Conservatism (CC) to each plant documented on the plant list. 3) Calculate the Native Mean Coefficient value by totaling the CC’s and divide the sum by the number of native plant species within the assessed area. 4) OR Calculate the Total Mean Coefficient value by totaling the CC’s and divide by the sum of the total number of plants (native and introduced) within the assessed area. 5) Multiply the Native Mean Coefficient OR the Total Mean Coefficient by the square root of the total of the number of native plant species FQI = Native Mean C x Sqrt N FQI = Floristic Quality Index PSI = Total Mean C x Sqrt N PSI = Plant Stewardship Index N= I= Native Mean C = Total Mean C = Number of native species Number of introduced species Sum of Coefficients / N Sum of Coefficients / N + I Bowman's Hill Wildflower Preserve is extremely grateful to the following persons for contributing their time and expertise so generously in assigning the Coefficients of Conservatism, producing the checklist of species in the database, and other expert assistance. Pennsylvania: Janet Ebert, Jack Holt and Anne Rhoads New Jersey: Linda Allen, Karl Anderson, Emile De Vito, TIm Halliwell, Mary Leck, Bill Olsen, BIll Rawlyk and Kathleen Strokosh Walz, and of course for the invaluable guidance and experienced advice of Dr. Gerould Wilhelm and Leslie Sauer-Jones. PLANT STEWARDSHIP INDEX ©2006 Bowman's Hill Wildflower Preserve P.O. Box 685, New Hope PA 18938 215-862-2924 www.bhtp.org 1 of 79 Key to Index Header PA CC Pennsylvania Piedmont Coefficient of Conservatism NJ CC New Jersey Coefficient of Conservatism N Native I Introduced na Not on state list * Under consideration, or may not be enough specimen data Wetland Indicator Definitions (Rhoads and Block) OBL Obligate Wetland Species 99% FACW Facultative Wetland Species 67-99% FAC Facultative Species 34-66% FACU Facultative Upload Species 1-33% UPL Obligate Upland Species 1% Rank NJ Rank PA Rank SX Extirpated PE Endangered S1 Critically imperiled PT Threatened S2 Imperiled PR Rare S3 Vulnerable PX Extirpated SH Historic PV Vulnerable Elements documented from a single location TU Tentatively Undertermined .1 Assignment of Coefficients 0 to 3 Plants with a high range of ecological tolerances/found in a variety of plant communities 4 to 6 Plants with an intermediate range of ecological tolerances/associated with a specific plant community 7 to 8 Plants with a poor range of ecological tolerances/associated with advanced successional state 9 to 10 Plants with a high degree of fidelity to a narrow range of habitats Methodology 1) Compile a plant list of the species within the assessment area. 2) Assign the Coefficient of Conservatism (CC) to each plant documented on the plant list. 3) Calculate the Native Mean Coefficient value by totaling the CC’s and divide the sum by the number of native plant species within the assessed area. 4) OR Calculate the Total Mean Coefficient value by totaling the CC’s and divide by the sum of the total number of plants (native and introduced) within the assessed area. 5) Multiply the Native Mean Coefficient OR the Total Mean Coefficient by the square root of the total of the number of native plant species FQI = Native Mean C x Sqrt N FQI = Floristic Quality Index PSI = Total Mean C x Sqrt N PSI = Plant Stewardship Index N= I= Native Mean C= Total Mean C= Number of native species Number of introduced species Sum of Coefficients / N Sum of Coefficients / N + I PLANT STEWARDSHIP INDEX ©2006 Bowman's Hill Wildflower Preserve P.O. Box 685, New Hope PA 18938 215-862-2924 www.bhtp.org 2 of 79 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments Apocynum cannabinum var. hypericifolium Indian hemp Abies concolor White fir I 0 I 0 N FACU Disturbed woods Abutilon theophrastii Butter-print I 0 I 0 UPL Cultivated fields, roadsides and waste ground. Acalypha australis Asiatic Three-seeded Mercury na I 0 Acalypha gracilens Slender mercury N N 2 N Dry soils of fields, open woods and shaly slopes.NJ: edge, throughout. Acalypha ostryaefolia Hornbeam-leaved Three-seeded mercury na N 0 Acalypha rhomboidea Three-seeded mercury N 0 N 1 FACU- Wooded slopes, roadsides, fields and waste ground. Acalypha virginica Three-seeded mercury N 2 N 5 FACU- Dry or moist soil of fields, wooded slopes, stream banks and waste ground. Acanthopanax sieboldianus Fiveleaf aralia I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally spreading to waste places or persisting in abandoned garden sites. Acer campestre Hedge maple I 0 na N Occasionally spreading from cultivation to moist, rocky, disturbed woods. Acer ginnala Amur maple I 0 na N Cultivated and escaped to a brushy field. Acer japonicum Japanese maple I 0 I 0 N Naturalized in disturbed forests. Acer negundo Box-elder N 2 N 2 FAC+ Low, moist areas, stream banks, and floodplains. Acer nigrum Black maple FACU Rich woods, ravines and river banks. Acer palmatum Japanese maple I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to disturbed woods. Acer pensylvanicum Moosewood/ striped maple N 7 N 7 FACU Cool, moist, rocky woods. Acer platanoides Norway maple I 0 I 0 UPL Cultivated and frequently escaped to disturbed woods, roadsides and edges. Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore maple I 0 I 0 N Occasionally spreading from cultivation to railroad banks, waste ground and urban woods. Acer rubrum var. rubrum Red maple N 1 N 3 FAC Dry to moist woods, swamps and bogs. NJ: throughout. Acer rubrum var. trilobum Trident red maple N 3 N 4 FACW+ Wooded slopes, swamps, bogs or moist woods.NJ: inner coastal plain. Acer saccharinum Silver maple N 3 N 5 FACW Moist woods, stream banks and alluvium.North Jersey Acer saccharum var. saccharum Sugar maple N 5 N 5 FACU Moist woods, wooded slopes, ravines and alluvial areas. Acer saccharum var. schneckii Sugar maple N FACU Rich, moist woods. Acer spicatum Mountain maple N FACU- Moist, rocky woods. North Jersey colder ravines Achillea lanulosa Curled-leaved Yarrow na Achillea millefolium Common yarrow I 0 Achillea ptarmica Sneezeweed I 0 Acorus americanus American sweet flag na Acorus calamus Sweet flag N Actaea alba White Baneberry/ Doll's Eyes na Actaea pachypoda Doll's-eyes N Actaea rubra Red Baneberry na Actinidia arguta Bower actinidia I 0 Adiantum aleuticum Aleutian maidenhair N 10 Adiantum pedatum Northern maidenhair N 6 N 7 Adlumia fungosa Allegheny-vine N 8 N 9 Aegopodium podagraria Goutweed I 0 I 0 Aeschynomene virginica Sensitive Joint-vetch na N 10 Aesculus flava Yellow buckeye N I 0 3 NJ:1800's : one specimen na 3 of 79 na 8 PE 1 7 N 8 N 1 I 0 I 0 N 7 I 0 N 5 NJ:Throughout. 9 N Cultivated and rarely escaped. NJ: limestone wetlands OBL Wet meadows, stream edges, ditches and swamps. UPL Rich woods. S3 na PU Fields, roadsides and waste ground. S1 syn N FACU na S2 NJ: Limestone woodlands, northern inner coastal plain. Ridge & Valley. N Naturalized in disturbed woods where it climbs into the canopy. N Serpentine barrens. FAC- Moist, shaded, humus-rich woods, in subacidic to neutral soils. N Moist, rocky slopes and woodlands. FACU Cultivated, also frequently naturalized in fields, thickets, disturbed woods and roadsides. S1 NJ: Brackish, freshwater tidal. N Low woods along streams, native in western counties but introduced in the east. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye N Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut I Aesculus parviflora Bottlebrush buckeye Aethusa cynapium Agalinis PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC I 0 I Fool's parsley I auriculata Eared false-foxglove/ Eared Gerardia N Agalinis decemloba Blue Ridge false-foxglove N Agalinis fasciculata Pine Barrens Gerardia na N 7 Agalinis maritima Seaside gerardia na N 9 Agalinis paupercula Small-flowered false-foxglove/ Small-flowered Gerardia N N 10 Agalinis paupercula var paupercula Small-flowered false-foxglove/ Small-flowered Gerardia N N 10 Agalinis purpurea False-foxglove N 6 N 3 Agalinis setacea Thread- leaved Gerardia N 6 N 7 Agalinis tenuifolia Slender false-foxglove/ Slender Gerardia N 6 N 3 Agastache nepetoides Yellow giant-hyssop N 4 N 6 Agastache scrophulariifolia Purple giant-hyssop N 4 N 6 Agrimonia gryposepala Agrimony/ Tall Hairy Agrimony N 4 N 4 Agrimonia microcarpa Small-fruited agrimony N N 8 Agrimonia parviflora Southern agrimony/ Smallflowered Agrimony N 2 N Agrimonia pubescens Downy agrimony N 4 Agrimonia rostellata Woodland agrimony/ Beaked Agrimony N Agrimonia striata Roadside agrimony/ Woodland Agrimony Agrostemma githago Agrostis NJ Rank Wetlands Comments 0 FACU+ Moist woods and bottomlands, native in western counties but introduced in the east. I 0 N Cultivated, occasionally escaped to railroad banks or persisting in abandoned gardens. 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in disturbed, urban woods. 0 I 0 N Dry roadsides, alluvial terraces, waste ground and ballast. N 10 N Wet meadows, fields, roadsides and waste ground, parasitic on roots of several herbaceous spp. FACU Dry roadside banks and serpentine barrens, parasitic on roots of woody and herbaceous spp. SX S3 NJ:Pitch pine lowlands, savanna Salt marshes S3 FACW+ Moist, open, sandy ground and pond shores, parasitic on roots of various plants. FACW+ Moist, open, sandy ground and pond shores, parasitic on roots of various plants.NJ: coastal plain, limestone FACW- Moist, sandy fields, rocky shores and serpentine barrens, parasitic on roots of many plants.NJ: North jersey. NJ: Pine Barrens FAC Dry fields, meadows and open woods, parasitic on roots of many plants. S2 FACU Rich woods, moist thickets, fields and roadsides. S2 N Rich woods, moist thickets and roadsides. FACU Woods, fields and floodplains. N Woods.NJ: diabase, limestone, shale, old fields 3 FACW Bogs, moist woods and thickets. NJ: Old fields. N 4 N Rich, rocky woods, woods edges and slopes. 6 N 7 FACU Woods, fields and thickets. N 3 N 5 FACU- Stream banks, open floodplains or woods edges. Corn cockle I 0 I 0 N Cultivated fields, roadsides and waste ground. altissima Tall bentgrass N 10 N 10 FACU Sphagnum bog, swale or swamp.NJ: Pine Barrens Agrostis canina Velvet Bent-grass na I 0 Agrostis capillaris Rhode Island bent na I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally established in dry, open ground or along roadsides. Agrostis elliottiana Bentgrass I I 0 N Dry, open soil. Agrostis geminata Ticklegrass na N 10 Agrostis geminate na N 10 Agrostis gigantea Redtop I 0 I 0 FACW- Cultivated and frequently established in moist soil of fields, roadsides and waste ground. Agrostis hyemalis Hairgrass I 0 N 2 FAC Dry to moist, open, sterile soil. Agrostis hyemalis var scabra Rough Bent-grass na N 5 Agrostis perennans Autumn bent N N 5 FACU Dry, open ground or in light shade. Agrostis scabra Fly-away grass N N 4 FAC Moist, sandy-peaty ground and barrens. Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent-grass na I 0 Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris Carpet bentgrass I 0 na FACW Cultivated and occasionally established in wet meadows or shores. Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven I 0 I FACU- Disturbed woods, roadsides, fencerows, vacant lots and railroad banks. 4 of 79 0 2 0 S2 S1 Calcareous riverside, limestone shelf along the Delaware Calcareous riverside, limestone shelf along the Delaware Blooms later, south jersey woodlands Genus Epithet Common Name PA List Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass Aira elegantissima Elegant Hair-grass Aira praecox Ajuga PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC na I 0 na I 0 Early Hair-grass na I 0 genevensis Upright bugleweed na I 0 Ajuga reptans Carpet bugleweed I 0 I Akebia quinata Akebia five-leaf I 0 Albizia julibrissin Mimosa I 0 Aletris farinosa Colic-root N 10 Wetlands Comments 0 N Escaped from cultivation and naturalized in fields and on wooded banks and roadsides. I 0 N Disturbed woods, naturalized from cultivated sources. I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides and woods edges. N 7 FAC Moist, sandy soil of open woods and sphagnum bogs. Alisma subcordatum Broad-leaved water-plantain N 4 N 3 OBL Marshes, stream and pond margins and muddy shores.NJ: tidal flats, ditches. Alisma triviale Broad-leaved waterplantain/Large water plantain N N 9 OBL Shallow water of ditches, lake margins and stream edges.NJ: tidal flats. Alliaria petiolata Garlic-mustard I 0 I 0 FACU- Disturbed woods, floodplains and waste ground. Allium canadense Wild onion N 4 N 5 FACU Low woods, stream banks and thickets. Allium cernuum Nodding onion N 7 na N Dry, stony slopes and rocky shores, often on limestone. Allium Allium oleraceum Field garlic I 0 I 0 N Roadsides and alluvial thickets. sativum Garlic I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and rarely escaped to roadsides and fields. Allium schoenoprasum Chives na I 0 Allium tricoccum Ramp N 5 FACU+ Rich woods and bottomlands. Allium vineale Field garlic I 0 I 0 FACU- Disturbed woods, fields and lawns. Alnus glutinosa Black alder I 0 I 0 FACW- Planted and sometimes naturalized. Alnus incana Speckled alder na N 6 Alnus serrulata Smooth alder N 4 N 4 OBL Low, wet woods and swamps. Alopecurus aequalis Short-awned foxtail N 7 PU N 8 OBL Swamps, ditches and moist meadows, limestone wetlands Alopecurus aequalis var aequalis Short-awned meadow foxtail N 7 PU N 8 S2 OBL Swamps, ditches and moist meadows, NJ: limestone wetlands Alopecurus carolinianus Carolina foxtail I 0 N 2 S2 FACW NJ:Moist fields of the Coastal Plain or Piedmont. Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh foxtail I 0 na OBL Alluvial meadows and ballast. Alopecurus myosuroides Slender Meadow Foxtail na Alopecurus pratensis Meadow foxtail I Althaea officinalis Marsh-mallow I Alyssum alyssoides Alyssum; small alyssum Amaranthus albus Tumbleweed Amaranthus arenicola Amaranthus PE NJ Rank S1 I 0 0 I 0 FACW Meadows and waste ground. 0 I 0 FACW+ Cultivated and sometimes naturalized in wet ground. I 0 I 0 N Waste ground. N 3 N 1 FACU A weed of disturbed ground. Sandhill amaranth I 0 I 0 blitoides Prostrate pigweed I 0 I 0 N introduced into our range from w US and common as a weed except in extreme northeast Amaranthus blitum Amaranth I 0 I 0 N A weed of waste ground. Amaranthus cannabinus Water hemp na N 7 Amaranthus caudatus Love-lies-bleeding I 0 na Amaranthus crispus Curly amaranth I 0 I 0 Amaranthus cruentus Blood amaranth I 0 I 0 Amaranthus deflexus Low amaranth I 0 I 0 Amaranthus hybridus Pigweed I 0 I Amaranthus palmeri Palmer's amaranth I 0 Amaranthus powellii Amaranth I 0 Amaranthus pumilus Sea-beach amaranth na Amaranthus retroflexus Green amaranth I Amaranthus rudis Western water-hemp Amaranthus spinosus Spiny amaranth Amaranthus tuberculatus Water-hemp NJ:Freshwater marshes, brackish marshes N Cultivated and rarely escaped. N An occasional weed of waste places. 0 N A weed of cultivated fields, gardens and waste ground. I 0 FACU Waste ground and ballast. I 0 N Waste ground. N 10 0 I 0 FACU A weed of cultivated fields, gardens and waste ground. I 0 I 0 FACW- Waste ground and ballast. I 0 na FACU Cultivated fields, waste ground and ballast. I 0 na FACW River banks and low, disturbed ground. 5 of 79 S1 NJ:Beach, moving sands Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common ragweed N Ambrosia bidentata Lance-leaved ragweed Ambrosia trifida Giant ragweed Amelanchier arborea Amelanchier PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 0 N 0 N 1 I 0 N 1 N Shadbush/ Downy Juneberry N 5 canadensis Shadbush/ Oblongleaf N 8 Amelanchier humilis Low Serviceberry na Amelanchier intermedia Shadbush/Swamp Juneberry Amelanchier laevis Smooth serviceberry/ Smooth Juneberry N Amelanchier obovalis Coastal juneberry Amelanchier sanguinea Amelanchier spicata Amelanchier NJ Rank Wetlands Comments FACU Fields, meadows, cultivated areas, roadsides and waste ground. 2 FAC Fields, meadows, roadsides and floodplains. N 7 FAC- Rocky bluffs and upper slopes.NJ: North Jersey N 8 FAC Woods and peaty thickets.NJ: Brackish coastal swamps. N 8 S1 na Wet woods, swamps, bogs and river banks. N 8 N Rocky woods, thickets and roadside banks. N N 10 FACU Peaty barrens, thickets and roadsides.NJ: Pine Barrens Round-leaved Juneberry na N 10 Dwarf Juneberry na N 4 stolonifera Running juneberry N 8 N 4 S3 FACU Woods, old fields, fencerows, roadside banks and serpentine barrens. Amianthium muscaetoxicum Fly-poison N 8 N 5 S2 FAC Open woods, barrens and bogs, in sandy or peaty soils. Ammannia coccinea Tooth cup I 0 OBL Wet, sandy or silty shores. Ammannia latifolia Koehne's Ammannia/ Koehne's Toothcup na N 10 Ammannia robusta Sessile Ammannia na I 0 Ammophila breviligulata American beachgrass I 0 N 10 FACU- Sand dunes and beaches. Amorpha fruticosa False-indigo I 0 N 6 FACW Alluvial soils along streams and rivers and other low, moist areas.NJ: Delaware traprock watershed. Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Porcelain-berry I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally spreading to rubbish dumps, roadside thickets and railroad banks. Amphicarpaea bracteata Hog peanut N 4 N 4 FAC Moist woods and alluvium. Amphicarpum purshii Pursh's Millet-grass na N 6 Amsonia tabernaemontana Blue-star I 0 I 0 FACW Cultivated and occasionally escaped to fields, woods or waste ground. Anagallis arvensis Scarlet pimpernel I 0 I 0 UPL Lawns, gardens and waste ground. Anaphalis margaritacea Pearly everlasting N 3 N 2 N Dry, sandy or gravelly soil of fields, woods edges and roadsides. Anchusa arvensis Small bugloss na I 0 Andromeda glaucophylla Bog Rosemary na N 10 Andropogon gerardii Big bluestem N 7 N 4 FAC- River banks, roadsides and moist meadows.NJ: Ridges. Andropogon glomeratus Broom-sedge/Bushy Beard-grass N 8 PR N 6 FACW+ Swamps and moist meadows.NJ: Sea level fens. Andropogon glomeratus var hirsutior Hairy Beardgrass N 5 SH.1 Andropogon gyrans Elliott's beardgrass N 6 PR N 7 S2 N Dry or moist fields or open woods.NJ: coastal plain. Andropogon ternarius Broomsedge na N 5 S2 Andropogon ternarius var tenerius Broomsedge na N 5 S2 Andropogon virginicus Broom-sedge N N 2 FACU Old fields, hillsides and waste ground, in dry, sterile soil. Anemone canadensis Canada Anemone na N 5 SX Anemone cylindrica Long-headed Anemone na N 9 S1 Anemone quinquefolia Wood anemone N 5 N 7 FACU Moist woods and thickets. Anemone virginiana Tall anemone/ Thimbleweed N 4 N 4 FACU Dry, open woods, slopes and edges. Anemone virginiana var alba Riverbank Anemone na N 10 Anemonella thalichtroides Rue Anemone na N 7 Anethum graveolens Dill na I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally established in fields and rubbish dumps. Angelica atropurpurea Purple-stemmed angelica N 7 N 7 OBL Swamps, moist meadows, river banks and wet woods. Angelica venenosa Deadly angelica N 8 N 8 N Dry, open woods, roadside banks, serpentine barrens and old fields. 6 of 79 6 NJ: Ridge and valley FACW 2 PE S1.1 NJ: North jersey. S1 NJ: Brackish marshes. NJ:Pitch pine lowlands, cranberry bogs, south NJ coastal plain. S1 NJ:Bogs in Ridge and Valley, northern NJ NJ: Limestone. S2 NJ: woodlands. S2 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments Anoda cristata Anoda I 0 na Antennaria howellii ssp. neodioica Howell's pussytoe N 3 N 4 UPL Waste ground and rubbish dumps. N Old fields, woods, rocky slopes and roadsides. Antennaria neglecta Overlooked pussytoe N 2 N 2 UPL Pastures, fields, woods borders and lawns. Antennaria neglecta var. canadensis Canada pussytoes na N 10 Antennaria neglecta var. neodioica Small Pussytoes na syn 4 Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax Parlin's pussytoe/Tall Pussytoes N 3 N 5 N Dry, rocky slopes, fields, thickets, open woods and roadsides. Antennaria parlinii ssp. parlinii Parlin's pussytoe N 3 N 5 N Rocky woods, dry slopes, shaly hilltops and roadsides. Antennaria plantaginifolia Plantain-leaved pussytoe N 3 N 2 N Open woods, shaly banks, cliffs and old fields. Antennaria plantaginifolia var. parlinii Smooth pussytoes na Anthemis arvensis Corn chamomile/ field chamomile I 0 I 0 N Woods, fields, roadsides and waste ground. Anthemis cotula Mayweed I 0 I 0 FACU- Fields, roadsides and dry, waste ground. Anthemis tinctoria Yellow chamomile I 0 I 0 N Abandoned fields and roadsides. Anthoxanthum aristatum Sweet vernalgrass I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet vernalgrass I 0 I 0 FACU Open fields, meadows and roadsides. Anthriscus caucalis Bur chervil na I 0 Anthriscus cerefolium Chervil na I 0 Anthriscus sylvestris Chervil/ Wild chervil na I 0 N Gravelly banks, roadsides and alluvial areas. Anthyllis vulneraria Lady's Fingers na I 0 Antirrhinum majus Snapdragon I N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to waste ground or rubbish dumps. Apera interrupta Interrupted Bent-grass na I 0 Apera spica-venti Silky Bent-grass na I 0 Apios americana Ground-nut N 6 N 5 FACW Low, rich, moist ground and thickets.NJ: Floodplains. Aplectrum hyemale Puttyroot N 7 N 10 FAC Moist, rich wooded slopes. Apocynum androsaemifolium Pink dogbane N 4 N 3 N Woods, roadsides, dry pastures, thickets and barrens. Apocynum androsaemifolium x cannabinum Dogbane N 2 N 3 N River banks, abandoned fields and waste ground. Apocynum cannabinum var. cannabinum Indian-hemp N 1 N 2 FACU Woods, old fields, sandy flats, limestone bluffs and cindery waste ground. Apocynum cannabinum var. glaberrimum Indian hemp FACU Grassy meadows, fields, woods, dry railroad banks and river banks. Apocynum cannabinum var. hypericifolium Indian hemp FACU Alluvial sand and cobble deposits, roadsides or dry banks. Apocynum sibiricum Clasping-leaved dogbane N 9 Apocynum x floribundum Intermediate dogbane syn 3 Aquilegia canadensis Wild columbine N 7 N 10 FAC Cliffs and rocky slopes, usually calcareous. Aquilegia vulgaris Columbine/ European Columbine I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and escaped to roadsides and woods edges. Arabidopsis thaliana Mouse-ear cress I 0 I 0 N Cultivated fields and waste ground. Arabis canadensis Sicklepod N 5 N 8 N Rocky banks and slopes, in rich soil of woods or edges. Arabis drummondii Drummond's rock cress na N 9 Arabis glabra Towercress; tower mustard N 3 Arabis hirsuta var. adpressipilis Hairy rockcress na Arabis hirsuta var. pycnocarpa Hairy rockcress N 10 Arabis laevigata var. laevigata Smooth rockcress N 7 N Arabis lyrata Lyre-leaved rockcress N 8 N Arabis missouriensis Missouri rockcress N 10 PE Arabis patens Spreading rockcress N 10 PT Arabis shortii var. shortii Toothed rockcress N Aralia elata Japanese angelica-tree Aralia hispida Bristly sarsaparilla S1 NJ: Rocky ledges. syn 0 PR 3 S1 NJ: Sloping limestone, North NJ. S1 NJ: Cape May, dry, sandy N Dry, rocky soil in open fields and edges. FACU Woods, banks or rock ledges, usually on limestone. FACU Dry cliffs and ledges of calcareous shale or limestone. 8 N Dry woods and hillsides.NJ: Northern streams, woods. 9 FACU Dry, rocky slopes and outcrops, serpentine barrens.NJ: North and dunes. na N Dry slopes. na N Moist, rocky woods. 4 na N Rich, moist woods. I 0 I 0 N Naturalized in disturbed woods. N 7 N 8 N Dry, rocky woods, damp hollows and roadsides.NJ: Ridgetops. 7 of 79 S2 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Aralia nudicaulis Wild sarsaparilla N Aralia racemosa Spikenard N Aralia spinosa Hercules'-club N Arceuthobium pusillum Dwarf Mistletoe na Arctium lappa Great burdock I 0 Arctium minus Common burdock I Arctium nemorosum Woodland burdock Arctium tomentosum Wooly burdock Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry Arenaria caroliniana Pine barrens sandwort Arenaria lateriflora Arenaria PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 5 N 6 N NJ Rank Wetlands Comments 5 FACU Dry to moist woods.NJ: fields. 10 N Rich woods, slopes and edges.NJ: limestone. N 1 FAC Moist woods, river banks and roadsides. N 10 I 0 N Woods edges and roadsides. 0 I 0 FACU- Edges of fields and woods, railroad tracks and waste ground. I 0 na N Waste ground. I 0 I 0 N Roadsides, floodplains and waste ground. ma N 9 NJ:Sandy, dry na N 9 NJ: Pine Barrens Grove sandwort na N 6 serpyllifolia ssp. leptoclados Thyme-leaved sandwort I 0 na Arenaria serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved sandwort I 0 I 0 Arenaria stricta Rock sandwort na N 5 SH Arethusa bulbosa Arethusa/ Dragon Mouth na N 10 S2 Arethusa bulbosa ssp. Leptoclados Dragon's-mouth N 10 na Argemone mexicana Mexican poppy I 0 I 0 Arisaema dracontium Green-dragon N 6 N 7 Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum ssp. pusillum Small jack-in-the-pulpit N 7 N Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit N 3 N Arisaema triphyllum var. stewardsonii Northern jack-in-the-pulpit na N 10 S2 Aristida dichotoma var. curtissii Povertygrass N 0 N 10 S2 Aristida dichotoma var. dichotoma Povertygrass N 0 N 5 Aristida lanosa Woolly Three-awn na N 10 Aristida longispica var. geniculata Slender threeawn N N 5 UPL Dry, sterile soils. Aristida longispica var. longispica Slender threeawn N N 5 UPL Serpentine barrens and other dry, sandy soils. Aristida oligantha Prairie threeawn N 2 N 4 N Dry, open ground.NJ: Railroad ballast, edges. Aristida purpurascens Arrow-feather N 10 N 7 N Serpentine barrens and other dry, sandy soils. Aristida tuberculosa Sea-beach Three-awn na N 3 Aristida virgata Wiregrass na N 8 Aristolochia clematitis Birthwort I Aristolochia macrophylla Dutchman's pipe Aristolochia serpentaria Virginia snakeroot N Armoracia lacustris Lake cress Armoracia rusticana Horseradish Arnica acaulis Leopard's-bane Arnoglossum atriplicifolium Pale Indian plantain Arnoglossum muhlenbergii Great indian plantain Aronia arbutifolia Red chokeberry N Aronia melanocarpa Black chokeberry Aronia prunifolia Arrhenatherum Arrhenatherum S1 NJ:Wet edges FAC A weed of dry, sterile fields, cultivated ground and roadsides. N Dry fields and roadsides. OBL Sphagnum bogs. N Ballast and waste ground. FACW Low woods, floodplains and swamps. FACW- Swampy woods, wet thickets and bogs. 10 FACW- Moist woods, bogs and swamps. 5 FACW- Moist woods, swamps and bogs. UPL Dry, open ground, NJ:south jersey UPL Dry, sandy or sterile soil. syn PU PW 0 PT S1 Sandy sterile soil, coastal plain NJ: Dunes. S2 na NJ: Riverbanks. N Escaped from cultivation. UPL Moist to dry, wooded slopes.NJ: Limestone. N Cultivated and occasionally established in old fields and roadsides. FACU Open woods and thickets of serpentine barrens. N 10 N 10 S3 na N 5 SH na I 0 N 5 na N 10 na N 10 7 N 5 FACW Swamps, bogs and moist woods. N 7 N 6 FAC Swamps, bogs and wet or dry woods or barrens. Purple chokeberry N 7 N 5 FACW Swampy woods, bogs, rocky ledges and dry, mountaintop thickets. elatius Tall Oat-grass na I 0 elatius var. biaristatum Tall oatgrass I 0 na FACU Wooded slopes, roadsides and waste ground. Arrhenatherum elatius var. elatius Tall oatgrass I 0 na FACU Roadsides, fields and waste ground. Artemisia abrotanum Southernwood I 0 I 0 Artemisia absinthium Absinthe wormwood I 0 I 0 Artemisia annua Sweet wormwood/annual wormwood I 0 I 0 FACU Cultivated fields, roadsides, dumps and urban waste ground. Artemisia biennis biennial wormwood na I 0 Artemisia campestris var claudita Tall wormwood/Beach wormwood na N 5 Artemisia dracunculus Tarragon na I 0 Artemisia ludoviciana Western mugwort/ white sage I I 0 8 of 79 6 0 SX.1 SX-1 S2 NJ:Sandy UPL Vacant lots and waste ground. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Artemisia pontica Roman wormwood I Artemisia stelleriana Dusty miller I Artemisia vulgaris Common mugwort Arthraxon hispidus Asarum Asarum PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 0 I 0 0 I 0 I 0 I Grass/ Arthraxon I 0 canadense var. acuminatum Wild ginger N canadense var. canadense Wild ginger N Asarum canadense var. reflexum Short-lobed wild ginger Asclepias amplexicaulis Asclepias NJ Rank Wetlands Comments N Cultivated and rarely escaped. 0 N Gardens, lawns, roadsides, thickets, waste ground and rubbish dumps. I 0 FAC Moist meadows and waste ground. 4 N 10 FACU- Moist, rich woods. 4 N 8 FACU- Moist, rich woods. N 4 N 4 FACU- Moist, rich woods. Blunt-leaved milkweed N 8 N 8 N Dry pastures, sandy flats, barrens and roadsides. exaltata Poke milkweed N 7 N 7 FACU Woods and wooded roadsides.NJ: North. Asclepias incarnata ssp. Pulchra Swamp milkweed N 4 N 10 OBL Low, swampy ground, wet shores and sphagnum bogs. Asclepias incarnata ssp. incarnata Swamp milkweed N 4 N 5 OBL Swamps, floodplains and wet meadows. Asclepias lanceolata Smooth orange milkweed na N 10 Asclepias purpurascens Purple milkweed N 6 N 7 Asclepias quadrifolia Four-leaved milkweed N 8 N 8 Asclepias rubra Red milkweed N 9 N 9 Asclepias syriaca Common milkweed N 1 N Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly-weed N 6 Asclepias variegata White milkweed N Asclepias verticillata Whorled milkweed Asclepias viridiflora Asimina Asparagus S2 S2 NJ:Salt marsh, coastal plain FACU Dry to moist woods, thickets, fields and roadsides. N Dry woods and roadsides. OBL Sphagnum bogs. 1 FACU- Fields, roadsides and waste ground. N 1 N Dry woods, abandoned fields, roadsides and shale barrens. 8 N 8 S2 FACU Wooded slopes and roadside banks. N 9 N 9 S2 N Dry, sandy soil, serpentine barrens, shale barrens and calcareous slopes. Green milkweed N 7 N 9 N Dry fields and dry rocky slopes including limestone and serentine outcrops. triloba Pawpaw N 7 N 10 FACU+ Moist, rich woodlands. officinalis Garden asparagus I 0 I 0 FACU Cultivated and frequently escaped to fields, roadsides and waste ground. Asperugo procumbens Madwort na I 0 Asplenium bradleyi Bradley's spleenwort N 10 N 10 N Dry, shaded crevices of noncalcareous rock. Asplenium ebenoides Scott's spleenwort N 10 N 10 N Crevices of shaded rocks. Asplenium gravesii Graves' spleenwort N 10 na N Crevices of noncalcareous rock. Asplenium montanum Mountain spleenwort N 10 N 10 S2 N Damp, shaded crevices of noncalcareous rock. Asplenium pinnatifidum Cliff spleenwort N 10 N 10 S1 N Dry, shaded rock crevices, in subacidic to circumneutral soils. Asplenium platyneuron Ebony spleenwort N 3 N 3 FACU Dry to moist, wooded slopes and rock ledges, in subacidic soils. Asplenium rhizophyllum Walking fern N 8 N 10 N Ledges and crevices in calcareous rock. Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall rue spleenwort N 10 N 10 N Shaded, calcareous ledges and talus. Asplenium ruta-muraria var cryptolepis Wall -rue Asplenium trichomanes ssp trichomenes Maidenhair spleenwort N 8 N 10 N Only on calcareous rocks. Asplenium trichomanes var quadravalens Maidenhair spleenwort N 8 N 10 N Moist rock crevices, in neutral to moderately acidic soils. Asplenium trudellii Trudell's spleenwort N 10 na 10 N Crevices of acidic rock. Aster tataricus Tartarian aster I 0 I 0 N Railroad tracks, roadsides, old field and rubbish dump. Astragalus canadensis Canada Milk-vetch N 5 SX Astragalus canadensis var canadensis Canada Milk-vetch na N 5 SX.1 Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum Lady fern N 3 N 7 FAC Damp woods, swamps and thickets, in subacidic soils. Athyrium filix-femina var. asplenioides Southern lady fern N 3 N 7 FAC Swamps, damp thickets and wooded ravines, in subacidic soils. Athyrium pycnocarpon Glade Fern Atriopa belladonna Deadly Nightshade na Atriplex cristata Crested saltbush na Atriplex littoralis Seashore orach; narrow-leaved orache I Atriplex nitens Hoary orache na PR N 9 of 79 S1 S1 S3 N 0 S2 S1 I 0 N 10 N 0 I 0 NJ:Coastal beach, dunes N Moist areas of waste ground and heavily salted roadsides. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Atriplex patula Spreading orach; orache I Atriplex prostrata Halberd-leaved orach; triangle orache I Atriplex rosea Red orache Atriplex subspicata Saline orache Aureolaria flava Aureolaria PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 0 N 0 NJ Rank Wetlands Comments 0 FACW Brackish or rich soils, generally in waste ground. N 5 N Low, moist areas in brackish or rich soils. na I 0 na N 10 Smooth False Foxglove na N 8 flava var. flava Yellow false-foxglove N 6 na N Dry, open woods and rocky thickets, parsitic on roots of white oaks and other trees. Aureolaria laevigata False-foxglove N 6 na N Rocky, open woods, parasitic on roots of white oaks and other trees. Aureolaria pedicularia var pedicularia Cut-leaf false-foxglove/ Fernleaved false Foxglove N 7 N 8 N Dry, open woods and edges, parasitic on roots of black oak group and occasionally other trees. Aureolaria virginica Downy false-foxglove N 6 N 8 N Dry, open, deciduous woods, parasitic on the roots of white oaks and other trees. Avena fatua Wild oats I 0 I 0 N Waste ground. Avena sativa Oats I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and frequently escaped to fallow fields, roadsides and waste ground. Azolla caroliniana Mosquito fern na N 5 Baccharis halimifolia Groundsel-tree N N 4 Ballota nigra Black Horehound na I 0 Baptisia australis Blue false-indigo N N 5 Baptisia bracteata Plains Wild Indigo na I 0 Baptisia tinctoria Wild indigo N 7 N Barbarea verna Early wintercress I 0 I Barbarea vulgaris var. arcuata Wintercress I 0 Barbarea vulgaris var. sylvestris Wintercress I 0 Barbarea vulgaris var. vulgaris Common wintercress I 0 I Bartonia paniculata Screwstem N 7 Bartonia virginica Bartonia N 7 Bassia hirsuta Hairy Sea blite Bassia hyssopifolia Hyssop-leaved Sea-blite Belamcanda chinensis Blackberry-lily I Bellis perennis English daisy Berberis thunbergii Berberis S1.1 Ponds FACW Open woods, marshes and roadside ditches where de-icing salts are used. N Open woods, river banks and sandy floodplains. 6 N Dry, open woods and clearings, in sandy, acidic soils. 0 N Fields, roadsides and waste ground. na FACU Moist fields and roadsides. na FACU Fields and waste ground. 0 FACU Moist, open ground. N 10 OBL Hummocks in wet woods, wooded bogs and sphagnous pond margins.NJ: Cedar swamps. N 5 FACW Sphagnum bogs, swamps and moist fields. na I 0 na I 0 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadside banks and open woods. I 0 I 0 N Naturalized in lawns and floodplains. Japanese barberry I 0 I 0 N Disturbed woods, roadsides and hedgerows. vulgaris European barberry I 0 I 0 N Fields, pastures and disturbed woods, escaped from cultivation. Berteroa incana Hoary alyssum I 0 I 0 N Waste ground. Betula alba White birch I 0 I 0 Betula alleghaniensis Yellow birch N 7 N 10 FAC Cool, moist, northern woods. Betula lenta Black birch N 4 N 6 FACU Woods and stream banks. Betula nigra River birch N 7 N 7 FACW Floodplains, stream banks, wet woods and swamps. Betula papyrifera Paper birch na N 10 Betula papyrifera var papyrifera Paper birch na N 10 Betula populifolia Gray birch N 2 N 2 FAC Old fields, open woods and disturbed areas, especially on dry, sterile soils. Betula pubescens European white birch I 0 I 0 FAC+ Cultivated and sometimes persisting at abandoned home or nursery sites. Betula pumila Swamp birch na N 10 Betula pumila var pumila Swamp birch na N 10 Bidens aristosa Tickseed-sunflower I I 0 FACW River banks. Bidens beckii Water beggar ticks na N 10 S1 Bidens bidentoides Estuarine beggar ticks na N 5 S2 Bidens bipinnata Spanish needles N N 1 N Dry rocky woods, shale barrens and roadside banks. 10 of 79 0 2 PU S2 S2 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Bidens cernua Bur-marigold N Bidens comosa Beggar-ticks/ strawstem beggar ticks N Bidens connata Beggar-ticks/ Purple-stemmed beggar ticks N Bidens coronata Tickseed-sunflower Bidens discoidea Small beggar-ticks Bidens eatoni Bidens PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 4 N 4 N 3 Wetlands Comments 5 OBL Swamps, wet shores and ditches. 7 FACW Stream banks, ditches and pond edges. N 6 FACW+ Swamps, bogs, moist meadows and along streamlets. N N 8 OBL Bogs, swamps and wet ditches. N N 10 FACW Bogs, vernal ponds and swampy ground. New England Estuarine Beggar Ticks na N 10 frondosa Beggar-ticks N 1 N 2 FACW Moist, open ground, stream banks and roadsides. Bidens laevis Showy bur-marigold N 8 N 5 OBL Wet meadows and stream or pond edges. Bidens mitis Coastal plain tickseed sunflower na N 10 Bidens polylepis Tickseed-sunflower I 0 N 1 FACW Moist fields, vacant lots and roadsides. Bidens vulgata Beggar-ticks/ Tall beggar ticks N 1 N 0 N Moist woods, wet fields, river banks and roadsides. Biflora radians Biflora na I 0 Blephilia ciliata Wood-mint N na N Wooded slopes, swamps and calcareous hillsides. Blephilia hirsuta Wood-mint N na FACU- Moist woods and swamps. Boehmeria cylindrica False Nettle na N Boehmeria cylindrica var. cylindrica False nettle N 3 na FACW+ Moist, shady ground of wet woods and stream margins. Boehmeria cylindrica var. drummondiana False nettle N 3 na FACW+ Moist, shady ground of wet woods and stream margins. Boltonia asteriodes var glastifolia Boltonia asteriodesvar asteriodes Aster-like boltonia N Borago officinale Hound's-tongue na Botrychium dissectum Cut-leaved grape-fern N 3 Botrychium lanceolatum Triangle moonwort/ lance-leaved grape fern N Botrychium lanceolatum var angustisgmentum Triangle moonwort/ lance-leaved grape fern Botrychium matricariifolium Botrychium na NJ Rank S1.1 S1 5 N 10 S1 N 10 S2 I 0 N 6 N Daisy-leaved moonwort/ grape fern N multifidum Leathery grape fern N Botrychium oneidense Least moonwort N Botrychium simplex Little grape fern na N 10 Botrychium simplex var laxifolium Upland Least moonwort na N 10 S1 Botrychium simplex var simplex Least moonwort N 10 S1.1 Botrychium simplex var tenebrosum Slender Least moonwort N Botrychium virginianum Rattlesnake fern N 5 Bouteloua curtipendula Side-oats grama/ grass N 9 Brachyelytrum erectum Brachyelytrum/Bearded Shorthusk N 5 Brachyelytrum septentrionale Northern Short-husk na Brasenia schreberi Purple wen-dock; water shield N 7 Brassica juncea Brown mustard; Indian mustard I Brassica nigra Black mustard Brassica oleracea Brassica Brickellia 9 PE NJ: Coastal plain. FACW Rocky shores and exposed riverbed.NJ: Limestone vernal ponds. 5 FAC Moist, open woods, meadows and barrens, in moderately acidic soils. N 10 FACW Cool, humus-rich woods and hummocks. 6 N 10 FACW Cool, humus-rich woods and hummocks. 6 N 8 N Moist, humus-rich woods and edges, in subacidic to circumneutral soils. N 10 FACU Moist thickets, meadows and barrens, in subacidic soils. FACU Moist woods, meadows and barrens, in subacidic to circumneutral soils. FACU Dry or moist, humus-rich woods, in subacidic to circumneutral soils. N Serpentine barrens, dry calcareous clearings and other dry, rocky or sandy sites. N Moist, wooded hillsides, alluvial woods and moist thickets. 8 S3 S1 na S2 N 6 N 10 N 7 N 10 N 8 OBL Quiet water of lakes and streams. 0 I 0 N Waste ground. I 0 na N Fields and waste ground. Cabbage I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally occurring in rubbish dumps and waste ground. rapa ssp. Olifera Field mustard I 0 I 0 N Fields and waste ground. eupatorioides False boneset N 10 N Shale barrens, wooded slopes and dry, rocky, limestone slopes. Briza maxima Big Quaking Grass na I 0 Briza minor Small Quaking Grass na I 0 Bromus altissimus Bromegrass N 2 syn 10 FACW Rich, alluvial thickets or woods. Bromus arvensis Field chess/Field Brome I 0 I 0 N Disturbed soil. Bromus brizaeformis Rattlesnake Chess na I 0 Bromus ciliatus Fringed Chess na N 10 11 of 79 PT S1 NJ: Fens, wetlands, wet woods. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Bromus commutatus Hairy chess I Bromus hordeaceus Soft chess Bromus inermis Smooth brome/Hungarian Brome Bromus japonicus Bromus kalmii Bromus Bromus NJ List NJ CC 0 I I 0 I 0 Japanese chess I 0 Bromegrass/Kalm's Brome N latiglumis Early Brome na pubescens Canada brome/Hairy Brome N 5 Bromus racemosus Soft chess/Upright Brome I 0 Bromus rigidus Ripgut Brome na Bromus secalinus Cheat/Chess I Bromus squarrosus Corn Brome na Bromus sterilis Barren brome I Bromus tectorum Downy chess I Bromus unioloides Rescue grass I Bromus wildenowii Rescue-grass na Broussonetia papyrifera Paper-mulberry I Buchnera americana Blue-hearts na Buddleja davidii Butterfly-bush I 0 Buglossoides arvense Bastard alkanet I 0 na Bulbostylis capillaris Sandrush; hair-like sedge N 4 N Bunias orientalis Turkish-rocket; wary cabbage I 0 Bupleurum rotundifolium Hare's ear I 0 Cabomba caroliniana Fanwort na Cacalia atriplicifolia Pale Indian-plantain N 6 Cacalia muhlenbergii Great Indian-plantain N 8 Cacalia suaveolens Sweet-scented Indian-plantain N 9 Cakile edentula Sea rocket na N 10 Calamagrostis canadensis Bluejoint Grass na N 5 Calamagrostis canadensis var. canadensis Canada bluejoint N N 5 Calamagrostis canadensis var. macouniana Canada bluejoint N 5 Calamagrostis cinnoides ReedgrassNuttall's Reed-grass N Calamagrostis epigejos Feathertop/Steppe Reed-grass Calamagrostis pickeringii Pickering's Reed-grass na Calamintha nepeta ssp. glandulosa Basil-thyme I Calamovilfa brevipilis Pine Barrens Reed-grass na Calla palustris Wild calla na Callitriche heterophylla Water-starwort; larger water starwort N 5 Callitriche palustris Water-starwort; Marsh waterstarwort N Callitriche stagnalis Water-starwort; european water starwort Callitriche terrestris Calluna Calopogon N Wetlands Comments 0 N Fields, roadsides and waste ground. I 0 UPL Fields and waste ground. I 0 N Fields, roadsides and waste ground. I 0 FACU- Roadsides and waste ground. N 10 FACU Dry or moist woods or rocky banks. N 10 N 8 N Dry to moist woods and thickets. I 0 N Waste ground and ballast. I 0 na 0 N Grain fields and waste ground. I 0 0 I 0 N Roadsides and waste ground. 0 I 0 N Dry, fallow fields and waste ground. 0 na N Agricultural fields. N Escaped from cultivation, waste ground and woods margins. N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized on roadsides, abandoned railroads and rubbish dumps. N Dry pastures, limestone slopes, roadsides and railroad beds. 2 FACU Dry or moist, open ground, often on railroad gravel. I 0 N Moist meadows. I 0 N Fallow areas, railroad tracks, wharves and rubbish dumps. N 1 N 10 N Open woods, fields and moist banks. syn N Woods and floodplains. syn N River banks, shaly slopes and meadows. 0 0 7 7 0 PA Rank I 0 I 0 N 5 I 0 NJ Rank S2 SX S1 NJ: Dunes. FACW+ Wet meadows, bogs and swamps. FACW+ Swamps and wet meadows. 7 OBL Swamps or wet woods, in sandy or peaty soils. I 0 FAC Disturbed woods, roadsides and waste ground. N 10 N Ballast. OBL Ponds, slow-running streams and muddy shores. OBL Ponds, stream bottoms, swamps, springs and muddy shores. SX S1 na N 9 N 10 N 3 7 N 10 I 0 I 0 OBL Streams, swamps and ditches. Water-starwort; terrestial water starwort N 2 N 9 FACW+ Pond edges, stream banks and damp woods. vulgaris Heather n/a I 0 tuberosus Grass-pink N N 8 FACW+ Bogs, fens and wet meadows. Caltha palustris var. flabellifolia Marsh-marigold N OBL Swamps, wet meadows and wet woods, often calcareous. Caltha palustris var. palustris Marsh-marigold N 7 N 10 OBL Swamps, wet meadows and wet woods, often calcareous. Calystegia hederacea Japanese bindweed I 0 I 0 N Hedges, flower beds, fields and rubbish dumps. Calystegia pubescens Japanese bindweed I 0 na N Fallow fields, vacant lots, roadsides, river banks and waste ground. Calystegia sepium Hedge bindweed I 0 N FAC- Waste ground, fields and woods edges. Calystegia silvatica ssp. fraterniflora Bindweed I 0 na N Fields, stream banks, roadsides and moist waste ground. 12 of 79 9 na 5 S3 S2 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Calystegia spithamaea ssp. spithamaea Low bindweed N 4 Camelina microcarpa Small-fruited false-flax I 0 Camelina sativa False-flax; gold of pleasure I Campanula americana Tall bellflower N Campanula aparinoides Marsh bellflower Campanula rapunculoides Campanula rotundifolia Campsis PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments N 9 S1 N Fields, thickets, roadsides or waste ground. I 0 N Fields and waste ground, in sandy soil. 0 I 0 N Open, sandy ground. 6 N 5 FAC Moist woods, rocky wooded slopes and stream banks. N 6 N 9 OBL Moist shores, swamps and seepy, open ground. Creeping bellflower I 0 I 0 N Roadsides and woods edges. Harebell N 10 N 10 FACU Dry, rocky slopes, bluffs and cliffs. radicans Trumpet-vine; trumpet creeper I 0 N 3 FAC River banks, roadside thickets and fencerows, also occasionally escaped from cultivation. Cannabis sativa Hemp I 0 I 0 N Waste ground. Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's-purse I 0 I 0 FACU Cultivated fields and waste ground. Cardamine angustata Toothwort; slender toothwort N 7 N 9 FACU Moist woods, thickets and stream banks. Cardamine bulbosa Bittercress N 6 N 7 OBL Low wet ground, shallow water, swamps or springy areas. Cardamine concatenata Toothwort; cut-leaved toothwort N 5 N 7 FACU Rich, deciduous woods. Cardamine diphylla Two-leaved toothwort; broadleaved toothwort N N 9 S3 FACU Rich woods and floodplains. Cardamine douglassii Purplecress; pink spring cress N 8 N 10 S2 FACW+ Rich woods and calcareous springs. Cardamine hirsuta Hairy bittercress I 0 I 0 FACU Common weed of gardens, lawns and stream margins in moist soil Cardamine impatiens Bittercress; narrowleaf bitter cress I 0 I 0 N Moist slopes. Cardamine longii Salt marsh bitter cress na N 10 SH Cardamine maxima Large -leaved toothwort na N 9 S1.1 Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola Small-flowered bittercress N 6 N 4 FACU Dry, rocky ledges or shaly slopes. Cardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvania bittercress N 5 N 4 OBL Low wet ground, swamps, springs and stream margins. Cardamine pratensis var palustrus Cuckoo-flower I 0 N 10 S3 OBL Swamps, wet meadows and alluvial woods. Cardamine rotundifolia Mountain watercress N 8 N 10 S1 OBL Springs and stream edges. Cardaria draba Hoary cress na I 0 Cardimine parviflora Small-flowered bittercress N 6 syn Cardiospermum halicacabum Balloon-vine I 0 I 0 FACU Cultivated and occasionally escaped to ballast, railroad sidings, and urban stream valleys. Carduus acanthoides Thistle I 0 I 0 N Ballast, roadsides, stream banks and urban waste ground. Carduus crispus Welted thistle na I 0 Carduus nutans Nodding thistle y 0 I 0 N Pastures, roadsides, waste ground and ballast. Carex abscondita Sedge; thicket sedge N 7 N 6 FAC Moist to wet woods. Carex aestivalis x gracillima Sedge N N Wooded slopes. Carex aggregata Sedge; glomerate sedge N FACU Moist woods, meadows and ditches. Carex alata Broad-winged sedge Carex albican var albicans Sedge Carex albicans Sedge; white-tinged sedge N Carex albicans var. emmonsii Emmons' sedge na N 7 Carex albolutescens Sedge; greenish-white sedge N N 5 Carex albursina Sedge; white bear sedge N N 10 Carex alopecoidea Foxtail sedge na N 9 Carex amphibola var. amphibola Narrow-leaf Sedge na N 10 Carex amphibola var. rigida Sedge; narrow-leaved sedge N 7 N 10 FAC Dry to moist woods, meadows and swales. Carex annectens Sedge; yellow fruited sedge N 4 N 3 FACW Dry to moist woods, fields and ditches. Carex appalachica Sedge; appalachian stellate sedge N N 10 N Moist, rocky woods. Carex aquatilis Water sedge N N 10 S1 OBL Marshy swales. Carex arctata Dropping woodland sedge na N 10 S1 Carex argyrantha Sedge; hay sedge N N 4 N Dry, often rocky, woods and clearings. Carex atlantica ssp. atlantica Bog sedge; atlantic sedge N 8 N 5 FACW+ Swamps and bogs, wet ditches Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea Bog sedge; Howe's sedge N 7 N 7 OBL Swamps, bogs and moist shores, Pine Barrens Carex aurea Gold sedge na 0 PW S3 na N 10 na N 10 na N 7 13 of 79 SX 3 3 7 S1 NJ:Limestone, North Jersey na na NJ: Salt marsh N Dry, wooded slopes. NJ:Open, Pine Barrens S1 FACW Moist to wet woods and meadows.NJ: South. N Dry to moist, rich woods. NJ:Limestone, wet S1 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List Carex backii Back's sedge Carex barrattii Barratt's sedge Carex bebbii Carex PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank na N 5 SH.1 na N 7 Bebb's sedge na N 10 S2 bicknellii Bicknell's sedge N 10 N 10 S2 Carex blanda Sedge; woodland sedge N 2 N Carex brevior Sedge; short sedge N Carex bromoides Sedge; brome-like sedge N Carex brunnescens Brownish sedge Carex bullata Bull Sedge; button sedge Carex bushii Sedge; Bush's sedge N 6 Carex buxbaumii Brown sedge N 9 Carex canescens silvery sedge Carex canescens var. disjuncta Sedge Carex caroliniana Sedge; carolina sedge N Carex cephaloidea Sedge; Thin-leaved sedge N Carex cephalophora Sedge N Carex collinsii Collins' sedge na Carex communis Sedge; fibrous-rooted sedge N 5 Carex comosa Sedge; bristly sedge N 7 Carex complanata Flattened sedge na Carex complanata var. hirsuta Hirsute sedge na Carex conjuncta Sedge; soft fox sedge N 4 Carex conoidea Sedge; field sedge N 7 Carex crawei Craw's sedge na Carex crawfordii Crawford's sedge Carex crinita var. brevicrinis Carex PE Wetlands Comments NJ: Cranberry bog Calcareous ponds N Dry woods, thickets, fields and serpentine barrens. 6 FAC Dry to moist woods, thickets and meadows. N 4 UPL Dry, open thickets, banks, fields and roadsides. N 7 FACW Wet woods, swamps, meadows and swales. na N 10 N N 7 N 2 N na N 7 S1 NJ:Bog OBL Swales, meadows, openings in wet woods. S1 FACW Dry to moist, open woods and fields. 10 S3 OBL Open swamps, swales, meadows and boggy places.NJ: fens, coastal plain. N 5 SH N 7 OBL Swamps, marshes, meadows and shores. N 7 S3 FACU Moist to wet woods, thickets, fields and meadows. N 8 S2 FAC+ Dry to moist woods, meadows and stream banks. N 4 FACU Dry to moist woods, thickets and fields. N 10 N 6 N Dry to moist woods and clearings. N 5 OBL Swamps, marshes amd swales. N 7 N 8 S3 FACW Moist open woods, fields and meadows. N 7 S2 FACU Meadows and swales. N 10 S1 NJ: Limestone edges of Delaware river na N 10 S2 NJ: Limestone slpoes, calcareous riverside seeps Sedge N N 8 OBL Moist to wet woods.NJ: Coastal plain. crinita var. crinita Short hair sedge; fringed sedge N 5 N 5 OBL Moist to wet woods, thickets, marshes, ditches and stream banks. Carex cristatella Sedge; crested sedge N 5 N 7 FACW Swamps, wet thickets, meadows, stream banks. Carex cryptolepis Small yellow sedge N 9 S2 Carex cumulata Clustered sedge na N 5 SH Carex davisii Sedge; Davis' sedge N N 8 FAC- Rich woods and stream banks. Carex debilis var interjecta N 10 Carex debilis var. debilis Sedge; White-edged sedge N N 6 FAC Swamps, thickets and low woods. Carex debilis var. pubera Sedge N N 10 FAC Wet woods, swamps and bogs. Carex debilis var. rudgei Sedge N N 5 FAC Moist, open or rocky woods. Carex deweyana Dewey's sedge na N 10 S1 Carex diandra Lesser panicled sedge na N 10 S2 Carex digitalis Sedge; Slender woodland sedge N N 7 Carex disperma Two-fruited sedge na N 10 S1 Carex eburnea Bristle-leaved sedge na N 10 S2 Carex echinata Prickly sedge; Star sedge N 7 N 10 Carex emmonsii Sedge N 7 na Carex emoryi Sedge; Emory's sedge N 8 N 10 Carex exilis Coast sedge na N 10 Carex festucacea Sedge; Fescue sedge N N 7 Carex flaccosperma Glaucous sedge na na Carex flava Yellow sedge na N Carex foenea Dry-spiked sedge na syn Carex folliculata Sedge; long sedge N Carex formosa Handsome sedge na 5 3 7 na 14 of 79 PR 6 4 4 8 PW PW NJ: Cedar swamps NJ: Coastal plain. NJ: Talus slopes. NJ: Calcareous fens. UPL Dry woods. NJ: Calcareous fens. NJ: Calcareous woodlands OBL Boggy woods, swamps, marshes, lake margins and swales. N Dry, acidic woods. OBL Marshes, stream banks and swales. NJ: Pine Barrens. FAC Moist, open woods or thickets. OBL Bogs, swamps and wet woods. 9 N 6 N 10 S1.1 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments Carex frankii Sedge; Frank's sedge N 3 N 4 S3 OBL Moist woods, stream banks, low marshy ground and ditches. Carex geyeri Geyer's sedge Carex glaucodea Sedge N 3 N 9 N Wooded summit of limestone cliff. N Carex gracilescens Sedge; slender loose-flowered sedge N 4 N Dry to moist woods or fields. 8 N Woods and meadows. Carex gracillima Sedge; graceful sedge N 5 Carex granularis var. granularis Sedge; meadow sedge N 3 N 8 FACU Dry to moist woods. N 6 FACW+ Wet meadows, stream banks and wet woods. Carex granularis var. haleana Sedge N FACW+ Wet meadows, swales or moist, limestone cliff. Carex grayi Sedge; Gray's sedge N 6 N Carex grisea Sedge N 6 N 8 FACW+ Swamps and wet woods. 6 FAC Dry to moist woods, meadows and swales. Carex gynandra Sedge; nodding sedge N 7 N 5 OBL Swamps, swampy woods and lake margins. Carex haydenii Cloud sedge; Hayden's sedge N N 9 OBL Swamps and wet meadows or woods. Carex hirsutella Sedge N 4 N 4 N Dry fields, open woods and serpentine barrens. Carex hirta Sedge; hairy sedge I 0 I 0 N Ballast, meadows, fields and sandy alluvium. Carex hirtifolia Carex hitchcockiana Sedge; pubescent sedge N 3 N 10 N Dry woods. Sedge; hitchcock's sedge N 6 N 9 N Moist, rocky, limestone woods and slopes. Carex Carex hormathodes Marsh straw sedge na N 10 hyalinolepis Shore-line sedge na N 5 Carex hystericina Sedge; porcupine sedge N 8 N 8 OBL Marshes, swamps, wet woods and swales. Carex interior Sedge; inland sedge N 9 N 10 OBL Swamps, bogs, wet meadows and swales. Carex intumescens Sedge; bladder sedge N 6 N 5 FACW+ Wet woods, meadows and swamps. Carex jamesii Sedge; James' sedge N 7 N 10 S1 N Rocky limestone woods. Carex joorii Cypress swamp sedge na N 10 S1.1 Carex kobomugi Japanese shore sedge na I 0 Carex lacustris Sedge; lake-bank sedge N 8 N 10 OBL Marshes, bogs and swamps. Carex laevivaginata Sedge; smooth-sheathed sedge N 4 N 5 OBL Swamps and wet woods. Carex lasiocarpa var. americana Many-fruited sedge; slender sedge N 8 N 10 S2 OBL Sphagnum bogs and boggy shores. Carex laxiculmis var copulata Coupled Sedge na N 5 SH Carex laxiculmis var. laxiculmis Sedge; spreading sedge N 5 N 8 N Rich woods. Carex laxiflora Sedge; loose-flowered sedge N 4 N 6 FACU Low, rich woods. Carex leavenworthii Sedge; Leavenworth's sedge N 7 N 0 SH N Fields, meadows, pastures and clearings. Carex leptalea var harperi Harper's Sedge na N 10 S2S3 Carex leptalea var leptalea Sedge; bristle-stalked sedge N N 9 Carex leptonervia Sedge; fine-nerved sedge N N 10 Carex limosa Mud sedge N N 10 Carex livida Livid sedge na N 8 Carex lonchocarpa Southern long sedge na N 5 Carex longii Long's sedge na N 4 Carex louisianica Louisiana sedge na N 10 Carex lucorum Sedge N 6 N 5 Carex lupuliformis False hop sedge N 7 N 9 Carex lupulina Sedge; hop sedge N 7 N Carex lurida Sedge; sallow sedge N 1 N Carex meadii Mead's sedge N 9 N 5 Carex mesochorea Midland sedge N 4 N Carex mitchelliana Mitchell's sedge na Carex molesta Sedge; troublesome sedge N 6 Carex muhlenbergii Sedge; Muhlenberg's sedge N 5 Carex nigromarginata Sedge; black-edged sedge N 7 na 15 of 79 na 7 PW PR PW PE PE PW PW S1 S2 Salt marsh Sx.1 S1 NJ: South jersey cedar swamp OBL Sphagnum bogs, wet woods, stream banks and swales. FACW Moist woods. OBL Sphagnum bog mats and hummocks. SH.1 S! NJ: Meadows, floodplain forests. N Dry, open woods, clearings and slopes. FACW+ Hardwood swamp, wet meadow and railroad ditch. 6 OBL Swamps, bogs and wet woods. 4 OBL Swamps, bogs and wet meadows. SX.1 FAC Wet meadows, usually on diabase. 2 S1S2 FACU Dry, open woods, fallow fields, roadside banks and waste ground.NJ: South. N 8 S3 N 3 N Moist to dry, open ground and slopes. N 5 N Dry woods, thickets, roadside banks and open sand.NJ: Throughout N 7 UPL Dry woods and clearings. S1 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC Carex normalis Sedge; large straw sedge N 3 N 7 Carex oligocarpa Sedge; few-fruited sedge N Carex ovalis Sedge I 0 N na 10 Carex pallescens Sedge; pale sedge N 6 N Carex paupercula Bog sedge na Carex peckii Peck's sedge na Carex pedunculata Sedge; long-stalked sedge N 8 Carex pellita Sedge; woolly sedge N Carex pensylvanica Sedge; pennsylvania sedge N Carex planispicata Sedge; N 9 Carex plantaginea Plantain sedge; plantain-leaved sedge N Carex platyphylla Broad-leaf sedge N Carex polymorpha Variable sedge Carex prairea Carex NJ Rank S1 Wetlands Comments FACU Dry to moist soil of open woods or meadows. N Rich woods and limestone slopes. FAC Abandoned lawn. N Moist woods and meadows. 7 S2 N 5 SH N 9 N Rocky, wooded slopes, swamps and floodplains, often on calcareous soils. 7 N 5 OBL Wet meadows and swamps. 5 N 5 N Open woods and wooded slopes. N 10 N Dry to moist woods. 8 N 10 N Woods and wooded slopes. 8 N 10 N Rich woods and wooded slopes.NJ: Limestone rocky woods. N N 5 S1 FACU Moist, open woods and barrens, in sandy-peaty soils Prairie sedge N N 10 S2 FACW Moist, calcareous meadows, marshes and fens. prasina Sedge; drooping sedge N 7 N 7 OBL Swampy or boggy woods, stream banks and ditches. Carex projecta Sedge; necklace sedge N 7 N 10 FACW Wet woods and wooded swamps. Carex pseudocyperus Cyperus-like sedge na N 10 Carex radiata Sedge; stellate sedge N 2 N 7 N Dry to moist woods southern NJ Carex retroflexa Sedge; reflexed sedge N 5 N 7 N Dry, open, rocky woods. Carex retrorsa Retrorse sedge na N 10 Carex richardsonii sedge N 10 Carex rosea Sedge; rose sedge N 3 Carex rostrata Beaked sedge syn na Carex scabrata Sedge; rough sedge N Carex scoparia Broom sedge; pointed broom sedge N Carex seorsa Sedge; weak stellate sedge N Carex shortiana Sedge; Short's sedge N Carex siccata Sedge I Carex silicea Sea-beach sedge na Carex sparganioides Sedge; Bur-reed sedge N Carex spicata Sedge; spiked sedge Carex sprengelii Carex Carex na PW PE S1.1 NJ: Limestone ledge S1 NJ:Fen S2 na NJ:Calcareous vernal ponds UPL Open, seasonally wet soil of serpentine barren. N Dry to moist woods. N 4 syn 10 7 N 9 OBL Bogs, swamps and moist woods. 2 N 3 FACW Moist to dry, open ground. 7 N 7 FACW Wet woods and swamps. FAC Wet meadows and swamps. FAC+ Sandy woods. na N 3 S1 N 9 S2 3 N 4 FACU Rich woods and meadows. I 0 I 0 N Fields and waste ground. Sedge/ long-beaked sedge N 7 N 8 FACU Moist cliffs, thickets, woods and grassy banks. squarrosa Sedge/ squarrose sedge N 6 N 5 FACW Swamps and wet woods. sterilis Atlantic sedge/ sterile sedge N 10 N 10 S2 OBL Open, calcareous swamps and fens. Carex stipata var. maxima Sedge na N 5 SH OBL Swamps, swales and marshy shores. Carex stipata var. stipata Sedge/ awl-fruited sedge N 2 N 3 N Wet meadows and swampy woods. Carex striatula Sedge/ striate sedge N 6 N 7 N Rich, open woods NJ: Piedmont Carex stricta Tussock sedge N 5 N 5 OBL Swamps, stream banks and wet meadows. Carex styloflexa Sedge/ bent sedge N 7 N 10 FACW- Wet woods and bogs. Carex swanii Sedge/ swan's sedge N 3 N 6 FACU Dry woods, meadows and fields. Carex tenera Sedge/ slender sedge N N 9 FAC Moist meadows and marshes. Carex tetanica Wood's sedge/ rigid sedge N 10 N 10 FACW Moist, calcareous meadows, marshes, boggy swales and fens. Carex texensis Sedge/ texas sedge I 0 I 0 N Moist lawn of cemetery Carex tonsa var rugosperma Sedge N 6 Carex tonsa var. tonsa Sedge N N 6 N Rock ledges, roadside banks and abandoned fields. Carex torta Twisted sedge na N 10 FACW Stream banks and floodplains.NJ: Rocky streams. Carex tribuloides Sedge; blunt broom sedge N 2 N 4 FACW+ Wet woods and meadows. Carex trichocarpa Sedge/ hairy-fruited sedge N 5 N 7 OBL Marshes and wet meadows.NJ: Wet woods. Carex trisperma Three fruited sedge na N 10 Carex tuckermanii Tuckerman's sedge na N 10 S1 Carex typhina Cat-tail sedge N N 8 S3 16 of 79 0 7 8 PE PW PW PT PW PT S2 NJ: Sandy edges, beach. NJ: Cinders NJ: Calcareous fens. NJ: Vernal ponds. FACW+ Calcareous swamps, wet woods and swales. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Carex umbellata Sedge/ umbellate sedge N 5 Carex utriculata Sedge/ bottle-shaped sedge Carex venusta var minor Carex PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank N 6 N N 10 Dark green sedge na N 8 vesicaria var monile Sedge; inflated sedge N 7 N 5 OBL Swamps, marshes, vernal ponds, ditches and wet woods. Carex vestita Sedge/ velvet sedge N 7 N 5 N Dry or moist woods or sandypeaty barrens. Carex virescens Sedge/ ribbed sedge N 4 N 4 N Dry woods. Carex viridula ssp viridula green sedge na N 10 Carex vulpinoidea var. vulpinoidea Sedge/ fox sedge N 2 N 4 Carex willdenowii Sedge; Willdenow's sedge N 7 N 10 Carex willdenowii var wilenowii Sedge/ Willdenow's sedge N 7 N 10 Carex woodii Wood's sedge na Carlina vulgaris Carline thistle na I 0 Carpinus caroliniana Hornbeam; ironwood N 5 N Carum carvi Caraway I 0 Carya cordiformis Bitternut hickory N Carya glabra Pignut hickory N Carya laciniosa Shellbark hickory N Carya ovalis Sweet Pignut Hickory na Carya ovata Shagbark hickory N Carya pallida Sand Hickory na Carya tomentosa Mockernut hickory N Castanea dentata American chestnut N Castanea pumila Chinquapin Castilleja coccinea Catalpa S2 Wetlands Comments N Dry, open woods, roadside banks and railroad gravel. N Bogs, swamps, fens and lake margins. Wet woods NJ: South, Pine barrens. S3 NJ: Delaware Limestone, fens. OBL Moist meadows, fields and roadside ditches. S2 UPL Open, rocky woods and slopes. S2 UPL Open, rocky woods and slopes. NJ:estone woods. 7 FAC Rich, moist woods and stream edges.NJ: Floodplains. I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in fields, meadows and roadsides. 3 N 8 FACU+ Moist woods and stream banks. 4 N 7 FACU- Upland woods, dry ridge tops and slopes. 7 na FAC Moist, rich bottomlands and slopes. FACU Low, moist woods and slopes, in rich soil. na N 7 N 7 N 10 5 N 5 FACU Moist, open woods and slopes. 5 N 5 N Wooded slopes and ridges, in dry, acidic soils. N 8 N 4 S1 N Moist to dry wooded slopes. NJ: Dry, acid ground. Indian paintbrush N 8 N 10 S2 FAC Moist meadows, parasitic on the roots of other plants. bignonioides Catalpa I 0 I 0 UPL Cultivated and frequently naturalized in disturbed woods, floodplains, fields and waste ground. Catalpa speciosa Northern catalpa I 0 I 0 Caulophyllum thalictroides Blue cohosh N 5 N 9 N Moist, rich woods. Ceanothus americanus New Jersey tea N 7 N 7 N Wooded bluffs, roadside banks and shaly slopes. Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental bittersweet I 0 I 0 UPL Disturbed woods, fields, fencerows and edges. Celastrus scandens American bittersweet N 6 N 5 FACU- Dry fields, rocky ledges, woods and thickets. Celosia argentea Celosia I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. Celtis occidentalis Hackberry na N 0 Celtis occidentalis var. canina Dogberry N na FACU Rocky slopes, rich banks and bottomlands. Celtis occidentalis var. occidentalis Hackberry N FACU Dry to moist woods.NJ: Floodplains, dunes. Celtis tenuifolia var. georgiana Dwarf hackberry N na N Shale banks, wooded hillsides and limestone cliffs. Celtis tenuifolia var. tenuifolia Dwarf hackberry N N 10 N Dry, shaly slopes, NJ:limestone barrens Cenchrus longispinus Sandbur N N 2 N Dry, sandy soil,NJ:vacant lots throughout Cenchrus tribuloides Dune sandbur I 0 N 3 UPL Ballast ground, abandoned limestone quarry and other dry, open, sandy sites.NJ: Coast. Centaurea calcitrapa Purple star-thistle I 0 I 0 N Ballast, rubbish dumps and waste ground. Centaurea cyanus Bachelor's button I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally spreading to roadsides and fields. Centaurea diffusa Tumble knapweed I 0 I 0 Centaurea dubia short-fringed knapweed I 0 I 0 Centaurea jacea Brown knapweed I 0 I 0 N Escaped to roadsides, fields and woods. 17 of 79 5 2 N Sand, western edge of pine barrens 4 S2 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Centaurea maculosa Bushy knapweed I Centaurea nigra Black knapweed Centaurea nigrescens Centaurea scabiosa Centaurea PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 0 I I 0 I Knapweed I 0 na Great knapweed I 0 I 0 solstitialis Barnaby's thistle/ yellow star thistle I 0 I 0 Centaurea x pratensis Field knapweed I 0 I 0 Centaurium pulchellum Lesser centuary I 0 I 0 Centella erecta Coinleaf na N 10 SX.1 Centrosema virginianum Spurred Butterfly Pea na N 10 SH Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush N 7 N 6 Cerastium fontanum ssp. triviale Common mouse-ear chickweed I 0 na Cerastium arvense ssp strictum Cerastium arvense var. arvense Field chickweed N 9 Cerastium arvense var. villosissimum Serpentine barrens chickweed N 10 Cerastium glomeratum Mouse-ear chickweed I Cerastium nutans Nodding chickweed Cerastium pumilum Small mouse-ear chickweed/ Dwarf mouse-ear chickweed Cerastium semidecandrum Cerastium na Wetlands Comments 0 N Woods, fields, roadsides and shale barrens. 0 N Dry, open fields, railroad banks, roadsides and waste ground. N Fields and roadsides. N Wharves, ore heaps, ballast ground, cultivated fields, fencerows and gardens. N Fields, stream banks and waste ground. OBL Low wet ground, swamps, bogs and lake edges. FACU- A weed of cultivated ground. N 7 N 7 NJ Rank N Dry, rocky slopes or sandy fields. na N Grassy openings n serpentine barrens. 0 na UPL Fields, roadsides and waste ground. N 5 N 7 FAC Rich wooded slopes and alluvium. I 0 I 0 N Pastures and sidewalks Small mouse-ear chickweed I 0 I 0 N Dry, sandy woodland edges, alluvial shores and beaches. tomentosum Snow-in-summer I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and sometimes escaped. Cerastium viscosum Clammy chickweed I 0 I 0 Cerastium vulgatum Common mouse-ear chickweed I 0 I 0 Ceratophyllum demersum Coontail; hornwort N 6 N 2 OBL Quiet water of lakes, ponds and rivers. Ceratophyllum echinatum Prickly hornwort na N 10 Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsura-tree I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in disturbed woods. Cercis canadensis Redbud N 7 N 8 N Wooded slopes and ravines in dry to moist, rich soils on limestone or diabase. Chaenomeles speciosa Flowering quince I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally persisting at old homesites. Chaenorrhinum minus Dwarf snapdragon I 0 I 0 N Railroad tracks, cinders and waste ground. Chaerophyllum procumbens var procumbens Slender chervil/ spreading chervil N 7 N 8 FACW Rich woods, wooded slopes and bottomland. Chamaecrista fasciculata Partridge-pea N 7 N 2 FACU River banks, sandy flats, railroad cinders and serpentine barrens. Chamaecrista nictitans Wild sensitive-plant N 4 N 2 FACU- Dry, open, sandy ground of roadsides, railroad embankments and old fields. Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic white-cedar I 0 N 5 OBL Sphagnum bogs. Chamaedaphne calyculata Leatherleaf na N 6 Chamaelirium luteum Devil's-bit N 8 N 10 Chamaesyce maculata Spotted spurge I 0 na FACU- Dry, disturbed ground including sidewalks and gravel ballast. Chamaesyce nutans Eyebane N 1 na FACU- Dry, open ground, waste areas and cultivated fields. Chamaesyce vermiculata Hairy spurge N na N Dry, open soil and waste ground including walkways, railroad ballast and roadsides. Chasmanthium latifolium Sea-oats/Indian Wood-oats N SX.1 FACU River banks and alluvial woods. Chasmanthium laxum Slender Spike-grass na Cheilanthes lanosa Hairy lip fern N S2 N Dry cliffs and rock outcrops, in subacidic to circumneutral soils. Chelidonium majus Greater celandine Chelone glabra Chenopodium PX PE S1 S3 Rich woods, rocky slopes, meadows and barrens. N 10 N 4 10 N 10 I 0 I 0 UPL Moist soil of floodplains, roadsides and gardens. Turtlehead N 5 N 7 OBL Stream banks, wet woods and swamps. album var. album Lamb's quarters I 0 I 0 FACU+ A weed of fields, gardens and disturbed soil. Chenopodium album var. missouriense Lamb's quarters N 0 N 0 N Roadsides and waste ground, including heavily compacted soils. Chenopodium ambrosioides Mexican-tea I 0 I 0 FACU Fields and waste ground. Chenopodium berlandieri var macrocalycium Goosefoot I 0 N 0 N Disturbed, open ground. 18 of 79 7 PE NJ;Coastal seepage S2 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Chenopodium bonus-henricus Good King Henry I Chenopodium botrys Feather-geranium/ jerusalem oak I Chenopodium bushianum Pigweed I Chenopodium capitatum Indian-paint/ strawberry blite N Chenopodium chenopodium Nettle-leaved goosefoot I Chenopodium glaucum Oak-leaved goosefoot I Chenopodium humile Marshland goosefoot Chenopodium leptophyllum Narrow-leaved goosefoot Chenopodium multifidum Cut-leaved goosefoot I Chenopodium opulifolium Seaport goosefoot Chenopodium polyspermum Many-seeded Goosefoot Chenopodium pratericola Chenopodium Chenopodium PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 0 I 0 0 I 0 NJ Rank Wetlands Comments 0 UPL Waste ground, especially along rivers. N 0 N Cultivated and waste ground. N 5 N Woodland clearings and burns, in light soil. 0 I 0 N Waste ground. 0 I 0 FACW- Roadsides, gardens and cultivated land. na I 0 na syn 6 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 Narrow-leaved goosefoot; desert goosefoot I 0 N 6 pumilio Clammy Goosefoot I 0 I 0 rubrum Red goosefoot na N 10 S1 Chenopodium simplex Maple-leaved goosefoot I 0 N 9 Chenopodium standleyanum Woodland goosefoot N 1 N 9 Chenopodium urbicum Upright goosefoot/ city goosefoot I 0 I 0 Chimaphila maculata Pipsissewa/ Spotted Wintergreen N 4 N Chimaphila umbellata ssp. cisatlantica Pipsissewa N 8 Chionanthus virginicus Fringe-tree N 7 Chloris verticillata Windmill-grass I Chondrilla juncea Skeleton-weed I Chorispora tenella Chorispora na Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Ox-eye daisy I 0 I 0 Chrysanthemum nipponicum Montauk daisy I 0 I 0 Chrysanthemum parthenium Feverfew I 0 I 0 Chrysopsis camporum Prairie golden aster I 0 I 0 Chrysopsis mariana Golden aster N 8 N Chrysosplenium americanum Golden saxifrage N 7 Cichorium intybus Blue chicory y Cicuta bulbifera Water-hemlock Cicuta maculata var. maculata Cimicifuga Cinna Sandy dry areas N Waste ground, sandy dunes N Roadsides and waste ground. S2 N Rocky woods, edges and waste places. S2 N Dry, open woods and thickets. N Waste ground. 5 N Woods. N 7 N Dry, upland woods and barrens. N 9 FAC+ Moist, open woods and woods edges, also cultivated. 0 I 0 N Fallow fields or lawns on sandy or droughty soils. 0 I 0 N Fields, shale barrens and mine waste. N Waste ground, roadsides and edges of cultivated fields. N Fields, woods, meadows and roadsides. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides, waste ground and dumps. 4 UPL Dry, sandy woods or clearings, rock outcrops and serpentine barrens. N 10 OBL Wet woods, springs, seeps and cold swamps. 0 I 0 N Fields, roadsides and waste ground. N 8 N 8 OBL Marshes, swampy meadows, swales and openings in wet, bottomland woods. Beaver-poison/ water hemlock N 5 N 5 OBL Swamps, marshes, wet meadows, stream banks and ditches. racemosa Black snakeroot N 5 N 9 N Rich woods. arundinacea Wood reedgrass N 3 N 4 FACW Swamps and wet woods. Cinna latifolia Drooping woodreed/Slender Wood-reed N N 10 FACW Moist shores, damp woods and bogs. Circaea alpina Enchanter's-nightshade N N 10 FACW Moist hemlock woods, rocky wooded slopes and stream banks. Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis Enchanter's-nightshade N N 6 FACU Rocky, upland woods, damp woods and floodplains. Cirsium altissimum Tall thistle N N 10 N Woods, river banks, fields and roadsides. Cirsium arvense var. arvense Canada thistle I 0 I 0 FACU Fields, pastures, roadsides and waste ground. Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium Canada thistle I 0 na FACU Fields, roadsides and waste ground. Cirsium arvense var. vestitum Canada thistle I 0 na FACU Moist pastures, fields and shores. Cirsium discolor Field thistle N 2 N 1 UPL Abandoned fields, open hillsides and roadside banks. Cirsium horridulum Yellow thistle N 6 N 4 FACU- Moist, sandy or peaty meadows.NJ: South, sea level fens. Cirsium muticum Swamp thistle N 6 N 8 OBL Swamps, bogs, stream banks and wet meadows. 19 of 79 PT S2 S3 na PE 2 PE S1 SH Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Cirsium pumilum Pasture thistle N 4 Cirsium virginianum Virginia thistle na Cirsium vulgare Bull-thistle I 0 Cladium mariscoides Twig-rush N 9 Claytonia virginica Spring-beauty N 3 Claytonia virginica var. hammondiae Yellow Spring Beauty Cleistes divaricata Spreading Pogonia Clematis occidentalis var occidentalis Purple clematis N Clematis terniflora Sweet autumn clematis/ Yamleaved Clematus Clematis viorna Clematis virginiana Cleome Clethra PA Rank NJ List NJ CC N 2 N 10 I 0 FACU- Pastures, meadows and roadsides. N 7 OBL Marshes, floating bog mats and shallow lake margins. N 5 FAC Moist woods and meadows, frequently on alluvial soils. na N 10 S1.1 na N 10 S1 9 N 10 S2 I 0 I 0 Leather-flower N 8 Virgin's-bower N 4 N 5 hasslerana Spider-flower I 0 I alnifolia Sweet pepperbush N 8 N Clinopodium vulgare Wild basil N 1 Clintonia borealis Blue bead-lily Clintonia umbellulata White Clintonia Clitoria mariana Butterfly pea N Coeloglossum viride var. virescens Long-bracted Orchid/ Frog Orchid Coelorachis rugosa Wrinkled Joint-grass Coincya monensis ssp. recurvata Coincya I Coix lacryma-jobi Job's tears Collinsonia canadensis Collomia Colutea PE NJ Rank Wetlands Comments N Dry fields, shaly hillsides, sandy floodplains, woods and roadsides. NJ: Throughout. NJ:Sea level fens, salt marshes, limestone fens. NJ: Cedar swamps N Rocky slopes and open woods, often calcareous. FACU- Thickets, fencerows and roadsides. N Rich woods and thickets. FAC Thickets and woods edges, in low ground. 0 N Waste ground. 5 FAC+ Low, wet woods and swamps. N 2 N Open woods, fields and roadsides. N N 10 FAC Cool, moist woods and bogs. na na 9 S1 N Abandoned railroads and other dry, open areas, on sandy soil. na N 10 S2 FACU Rich woods na N 10 S1 0 I 0 N Roadsides, apparently spreading along Interstate 80, the PA turnpike and other highways. I 0 na FACW Cultivated and occasionally escaped in waste ground. Horse balm N 5 N 9 FAC+ Rich woods and wooded floodplains. linearis Collomia I 0 I 0 N Railroad tracks and waste places. arborescens Bladder Senna na I 0 Comandra umbellata Bastard toadflax N 7 N 5 FACU- Dry, open oak woods, parasitic on the roots of oaks. Commelina communis var. communis Asiatic dayflower I 0 I 0 FAC- Gardens, woods, roadsides, stream banks and disturbed ground. Commelina communis var. ludens Asiatic dayflower I 0 na FAC- Open woods, yards, dumps and waste ground. Commelina diffusa Creeping dayflower I 0 I 0 N Waste ground. Commelina erecta Erect dayflower N 8 PX N 5 N Dry, sandy soil and rocky banks. Commelina virginica Virginia dayflower N 8 PX N 5 FACW Moist shores, also cultivated. Comptonia peregrina Sweet-fern N 7 N 3 N Dry, sterile soils of open woods and barrens. Conioselinum chinense Hemlock parsley na N 10 Conium maculatum Poison-hemlock I 0 I 0 FACW Roadside ditches, floodplains and moist woods. Conopholis americana Squaw-root N 7 N 9 N Woods, parasitic on the roots of oaks and other forest trees. Conringia orientalis Hare's-ear mustard I 0 I 0 N Waste ground and ballast. Consolida ajacis Garden larkspur I 0 na N Roadsides and old fields. Convallaria majalis Lily-of-the-valley I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to woods in the vicinity of old homesites. Convolvulus arvensis Field bindweed I 0 I 0 N Fields, roadsides, railroad banks and waste ground. Conyza canadensis var. canadensis Horseweed N 0 N 0 UPL Fields, roadsides, railroad tracks and waste ground. Conyza canadensis var. pusilla Fleabane I 0 N 0 N Sand, gravel, railroad cinders and roadsides.NJ: Pine Barrens. Coptis trifolia ssp. groenlandica Goldthread N 9 N 10 FACW Cool, mossy woods and swamps. Corallorhiza maculata Spotted coralroot N 7 N 10 FACU Dry, deciduous or coniferous woods in light soils. Corallorhiza odontorhiza Autumn coralroot N 6 N 5 N Rich woods on moist to dry soils. Corallorhiza trifida Early coralroot N N 10 S2 unk Moist woods and bogs. Corallorhiza wisteriana Wister's coralroot N N 5 SX FAC Rocky, wooded slopes, usually on limestone. Corema conradii Broom Crowberry na N 9 S1 7 PE na N 20 of 79 10 PE PE SH.1 S1 Dwarf pitch pine plains Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank Coreopsis grandiflora Large-flowered tickseed na Coreopsis lanceolata Longstalk tickseed I Coreopsis rosea Rose tickseed na Coreopsis tinctoria Plains tickseed N na FAC- Cultivated and occasionally escaped to yards and river banks. Coreopsis tripteris Tall tickseed N na FAC Old fields, thickets, woods edges and roadsides. Coreopsis verticillata Whorled tickseed na I 0 Coriandrum sativum coriander I 0 I 0 Cornus alternifolia Alternate-leaved dogwood N 5 N 8 N Low, moist woods and shaded ravines. Cornus amomum ssp. amomum Kinnikinik; silky dogwood N 3 N 5 FACW Moist woods, meadows, old fields and swamps. Cornus amomum ssp. obliqua Kinnikinik N na FACW Vernal ponds, swamps and moist thickets. Cornus amomum var schuetzeana Pale Dogwood N N 10 S1 Cornus canadensis Bunchberry na N 10 S2 Cornus florida Flowering dogwood N N 5 Cornus foemina Stiff swamp dogwood na N 8 Cornus obliqua Northern silky dogwood na N 8 Cornus racemosa Grey dogwood/ Northern swamp dogwood N 3 N 3 FAC- Swampy meadows, wet woods and thickets. Cornus rugosa Round-leaved dogwood N 5 N 8 N Dry, rocky woods and cliffs. Cornus sericea Red-osier dogwood N 3 N 7 FACW+ Swamps, moist fields and thickets. Coronilla varia Crown-vetch I 0 I 0 N Planted extensively along highways. Coronopus didymus Wartcress I 0 I 0 N Waste ground and ballast. Coronopus squamatus Swinecress I 0 na N Waste ground and ballast. Corydalis flavula Yellow fumewort N 3 N 3 FACU Moist open woods, slopes and edges. Corydalis sempervirens Rock harlequin N 9 N 8 N Dry, rocky woods and rock outcrops. Corylus americana American filber/; American hazel N 5 N 5 FACU- Rich woods and edges. Corylus cornuta Beaked hazelnut N 7 N 7 FACU- Dry, rocky woods and thickets. Corynephorus canescens Gray Hair-grass na 0 I 0 Cosmos bipinnatus Cosmos I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to fields and roadsides. Cosmos sulphureus Orange cosmos I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to alluvium, vacant lots or rubbish dumps. Cotinus coggygria Smoke-tree I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally persisting at old home sites. Crataegus calpodendron Pear hawthorn N 9 N 10 N Woods, thickets and low meadows. Crataegus chrysocarpa var chrysocarpa Fireberry hawthorn na N 10 Crataegus coccinea Red-fruited hawthorn N N Open woods, fields, roadsides and stream banks. Crataegus compacta Clustered Hawthorn na Crataegus crus-galli Cockspur hawthorn N FACU Woods, meadows, roadsides and thickets. Crataegus dodgei Dodge's Hawthorne na Crataegus flabellata Fanleaf hawthorn N N Open woods, fencerows, abandoned fields and roadsides. Crataegus holmsiana Holmes' Hawthorne na Crataegus intricata Biltmore hawthorn/ Copenhagen Hawthorne N Woods, pastures, thickets and barrens. Crataegus iracunda Stoloniferous Hawthorne na Crataegus macrosperma Big-fruited Hawthorne na Crataegus mollis Downy hawthorn/ Arnold Hawthorne N 4 N FACU Abandoned field. Crataegus monogyna English hawthorn/ One-seed Hawthorne I 0 I N Escaped from cultivation to roadsides and waste ground. Crataegus pedicellata Scarlet Hawthorne na Crataegus pennsylvanica Pennsylvania hawthorn N 6 Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington hawthorn N 9 I FAC Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides, hedgerows and open ground. Crataegus pruinosa Frosted hawthorn/ Waxy-fruited Hawthorne N 4 N N Open woods and thickets. Crataegus punctata Dotted hawthorn N 6 N N Woods, pastures and alluvial banks. 0 PX 5 4 NJ CC I 0 I 0 N 10 NJ Rank Wetlands Comments FACU Cultivated and frequently escaped to fields, shores and roadsides. S2 NJ:Coastal plain NJ: Bog FACU- S2 na Rich, moist woods and woods edges. Calcareous wooded slopes N 4 N 2 N 4 S2 N N 4 21 of 79 NJ List S1 N N N PU 0 N S1S2 N S1.1 S2 N Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank Wetlands Comments Crataegus rotundifolia Fireberry hawthorn N na N Rocky pastures, open woods and roadsides. Crataegus succulenta Long-spined hawthorn/ Fleshy Hawthorne N N N Woods, thickets, banks, fencerows and meadows. Crataegus uniflora One-fruited hawthorn/ Dwarf hawthorne N 9 N 3 N Open woods and dry slopes. Crepis capillaris Hawk's-beard I 0 I 0 N Fields, woods, lawns, roadsides, ballast and waste ground. Crepis setosa Hawk's-beard I 0 Crepis tectorum Hawk's-beard I 0 na N Fields and waste ground. na N Ballast, ore piles and waste ground. Critesion jubatum Foxtail-barley I 0 na FAC Dry old fields, roadsides and waste ground. Critesion murinum ssp. leporinum Wild-barley I Critesion pusillum Little-barley N 0 na N Waste ground and ballast. na FAC Crotalaria sagittalis Rattlebox N 6 N Roadside banks. 3 N Dry, sandy or gravelly soil of woods, old fields or roadsides. Croton capitatus Hogwort I 0 I 0 N Railroad sidings and waste places. Croton glandulosus var. septentrionalis Croton I 0 N 0 N Railroad banks, waste ground and ballast. Croton willdenowii Rushfoil na N 8 Crypsis schoenoides GrassRush-like Timothy I Cryptogramma stelleri Slender rock-brake na I 0 N 10 Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort N 2 N Cucurbita pepo Pumpkin I 0 Cunila origanoides Common dittany N Cuphea viscosissima Blue waxweed Cuscuta campestris Cuscuta 0 NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank S1 S2 NJ: Pine barrens edges, glades, Quakerbridge N Waste ground and ballast. 5 FAC Moist woods, wooded stream banks and seeps. I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally occurring in rubbish dumps or waste ground. 6 N 9 N Dry, open woods, shaly slopes and serpentine outcrops.NJ: North, rock. N 4 na FAC- Dry open banks, fencerows and fields. Dodder N 6 N Thickets and waste ground, parasitic on various hosts. cephalanthii Buttonbush dodder N Parasitic on a variety of shrubs and herbs of swamps and moist thickets. Cuscuta compacta N Parasitic on shrubs and herbs of moist thickets and stream banks. Cuscuta N Dry, rocky woods, clearings and hillsides, parasitic on various shrubs and herbs. N Old fields and woods edges, parasitic on clover and other legumes. N Parasitic on a wide range of woody and herbaceous plants of low, wet habitats. N Moist thickets, river banks, roadsides and wet places, parasitic on many hosts. S3 N 10 N N 10 Dodder N N 10 corylii Hazel dodder N N 10 Cuscuta epilinum Flax dodder I 0 I 0 Cuscuta epithymum Clover dodder; legume dodder I 0 I 0 Cuscuta europaea Greater dodder na I 0 Cuscuta gronovii var. gronovii Common dodder N N 3 Cuscuta gronovii var. latiflora Dodder N Cuscuta indecora var neuropetala Bigseed alfalfa dodder na Cuscuta pentagona Field dodder N Cuscuta polygonorum Smartweed dodder N Cycloloma atriplicifolium Winged pigweed I Cymbalaria muralis Kenilworth-ivy I Cynanchum laeve Smooth sallow-wort N 4 Cynodon dactylon Bermudagrass I 0 I 0 Cynoglossum officinale Hound's-tongue I 0 I 0 Cynoglossum virginianum var virginianum Wild comfrey N 7 N 10 S2 Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale Northern wild comfrey na N 10 SH.1 Cynosurus cristatus Crested dog's-tail/Dog's-tail Grass I 0 I 0 UPL Lawns, roadsides and waste ground. Cynosurus echinatus Spiny dog's-tail/Prickly Dog's-tail Grass I 0 I 0 N Roadside banks, field margins and disturbed soil. 22 of 79 PU SH1 3 S1 S2 na N 10 N 10 N 10 0 I 0 I 6 PU PE S1.1 NJ: Mountains, open fields. N Old fields, thickets and wet banks, parasitic on many hosts. N Parasitic on Polygonum spp. and other plants of moist shores and river banks. 0 FACU- Sandy, disturbed soil. 0 N Frequently naturalized in crevices in rock walls and other stone work. FAC River bank. FACU Cultivated and occasionally escaped. N Limestone banks, pastures, railroad beds and waste ground. N Rich, open woods and wooded slopes. S2 na NJ: Rich woods. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List Cyperus refractus Reflexed flatsedge Cyperus bipartitus Cyperus PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments N N 5 SH FACU+ Sandy, alluvial banks and dry woods. Umbrella sedge; slender flatsedge N N 3 FACW+ Wet sandy, gravelly or muddy shores. brevifolioides Umbrella sedge; pasture spikesedge I N 0 N Tidal mudflats, sandy dredge spoil and urban waste ground. Cyperus compressus Umbrella sedge; poorland flatsedge N I 0 FAC+ Sandy waste ground and ballast. Cyperus croceus Baldwin's flatsedge na I 0 Cyperus dentatus Umbrella sedge; toothed flatsedge N N 3 FACW+ Moist, sandy river banks and dredge spoil. Cyperus diandrus Umbrella sedge; umbrella flatsedge N N 5 FACW Bogs, marshes and wet shores. Cyperus difformis Flatsedge; variable flatsedge I 0 I 0 OBL Sandy pond margins and rock crevices in shallow water. Cyperus echinatus Umbrella sedge; globe flatsedge N 7 N 1 FACU Dry to moist soil of woods and fields.NJ: Wet edges. Cyperus engelmannii Englemann's Flat Sedge na N 5 Cyperus erythrorhizos Redroot flatsedge N 3 N 2 FACW+ Moist shores, swamps and wet ground.NJ: Dredge spoils. Cyperus esculentus Yellow nutsedge; chufa flatsedge N 0 N 0 FACW Moist ground of fields, meadows, lawns and gardens. Cyperus filicinus Fern flatsedge na N 5 Cyperus flavescens Umbrella sedge; yellow flatsedge N 1 N 4 Cyperus flavus inflated-scale flatsedge na 0 I 0 Cyperus fuscus brown flatsedge na 0 I 0 Cyperus grayi Gray's flatsedge na N 7 Cyperus houghtonii Houghton's flatsedge N Cyperus hystricinus Bristly flatsedge na N 5 SH Cyperus lancastriensis Umbrella sedge; many-flowered flatsedge N 3 N 10 S1 Cyperus lupulinus ssp lupulinus Umbrella sedge; great plains flatsedge N 3 N 4 Cyperus lupulinus ssp macilentus N 4 Cyperus microiria Asian flatsedge I 0 I 0 Cyperus odoratus Umbrella sedge; fragrant flatsedge N 3 N 3 Cyperus plukenetii Plukenet's flatsedge na N 10 SH Cyperus polystachyos Many-spike flatsedge na N 8 S1 Cyperus pseudovegetus Marsh flatsedge na N 8 S1 Cyperus retrofractus Rough flatsedge na N 10 SH Cyperus retrorsus Pine barrens flatsedge na N 5 Cyperus schweinitzii Schweinitz's flatsedge N N 10 Cyperus squarrosus Umbrella sedge; bearded flatsedge N 4 N Cyperus strigosus False nutsedge; straw-colored flatsedge N 2 Cyperus tenuifolius Thin-leaved flatsedge; low spikesedge N Cypripedium acaule Pink lady's-slipper N 8 Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum Yellow lady's-slipper N 8 PE syn Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens Large yellow lady's-slipper N 7 PV syn Cypripedium candidum Small white lady's-slipper N 10 Cypripedium parviflorum var.makasin Small Yellow Lady-slipper Cypripedium parviflorum var.pubescens Large yellow lady's-slipper Cypripedium parvifolium var parvifolium Cypripedium reginae Large white lady's-slipper N 10 Cyrilla racemiflora Ti-ti I Cystopteris bulbifera Bulblet bladder fern Cystopteris fragilis Cystopteris Cystopteris 0 4 PW PE na S2 NJ: Delaware strip, marsh edges. OBL NJ: na Railroad ballast and dry, sandy soil. FACU Dry slopes, open woods and fields. UPL Dry woods, fields, roadsides, waste ground and railroad cinders. FACW Moist meadows, wet sand and gravel flats, ballast, wharves and railroad sidings. NJ: Bog FACU Dry or moist sand flats or dunes, also railroad sidings. 1 FACW+ River banks, stream margins and wet ditches. N 1 FACW Moist fields, woods, swamps and stream banks. N 5 FACW Moist, sandy or muddy shores. N 8 FACU- Moist to dry acidic woods. FACW- Moist woods and bogs, often on limestone. FAC+ Moist, rich, rocky woods and slopes. OBL Damp, calcareous meadows and swamps. FACW Bogs, fens and swampy woods. FAC Calcareous cliffs and ledges, also limy swamps. FACU Cool rock crevices and talus slopes, in neutral to subacidic soils. N Wooded, alluvial flats, in humusrich, circumneutral soils. N Limestone or sandstone cliffs. SH 10 S1 na N 10 S2 na N 10 N 10 N 10 0 I 0 N 9 N 10 Fragile fern N 4 na protrusa Protruding bladder fern N 7 N tennesseensis Tennessee bladder fern N 8 na 23 of 79 N NJ: Cranberry bog, dry sand. S1 N na Fields, ditches and moist, open soil. 10 S1 S2 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Cystopteris tenuis Fragile fern N Cytisus scoparius Scotch-broom Dactylis glomerata Dactyloctenium aegyptium Dalibardia Danthonia PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 4 N 8 I 0 na Orchardgrass I 0 I 0 Crowfoot Grass na I 0 repens Dalibardia na N 10 compressa Northern oatgrass/Flattened Wild Oat-grass N N 7 Danthonia sericea Silky Wild Oat-grass na N 10 Danthonia spicata Poverty-grass/Common Wild Oatgrass N N 5 Dasiphora floribunda Shrubby Cinquefoil na N 9 Datura meteloides Downy thorn-apple I 0 na Datura stramonium Jimsonweed I 0 I 0 Datura wrightii Indian Apple na I 0 Daucus carota Queen Anne's-lace I 0 I Decodon verticillatus Water-willow N 8 Delphinium ambigua Rocket Larkspur na Dennstaedtia punctilobula Hay-scented fern N Deparia acrostichoides Silvery glade fern Deschampsia cespitosa Deschampsia Descurainia 7 2 NJ Rank Wetlands Comments FACU Cool rock crevices and talus slopes, in neutral to subacidic soils. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to railroad embankments and waste ground. FACU Fields, meadows and roadsides. FACU- Dry, rocky woods and clearings. SH.1 NJ:Pine barrens wetlands N Dry, sandy or gravelly soil. NJ:Fens, marshes N Cultivated and occasionally escaping to ballast, railroad tracks, dumps or fallow ground. N Cultivated fields, roadsides and waste ground. 0 N Roadsides, old fields, gardens and waste ground. N 3 OBL Lakes, swamps and bog margins in shallow water. 0 I 0 2 N 4 N Open woods, meadows and slopes, in acidic soils.NJ: Banks. N 4 N 8 FAC Damp woods and shaded slopes, in humus-rich, subacidic to circumneutral soils. Tufted hairgrass N 8 N 9 FACW Serpentine barrens, sandy shores and thickets. flexuosa Common hairgrass N 8 N 3 N Dry woods or rocky slopes. pinnata Tansy-mustard I 0 N 0 N Ballast and waste ground. Descurainia sophia Herb-sophia I 0 I 0 N Roadsides, waste ground and ballast. Desmanthus illinoensis Prairie mimosa I 0 na FAC Cultivated. Desmodium canadense Showy tick-trefoil N 6 N 4 FAC Open woods. Desmodium canescens Hoary tick-trefoil N 6 N 6 N Dry, open woods and fields. Desmodium ciliare Tick-clover N 5 N 6 N Dry, sandy woods and edges. Desmodium cuspidatum var cuspidatum Tick-clover N N 8 N Rich, rocky woods and banks. Desmodium glabellum Tall tick-trefoil N 3 N 5 N Wooded roadside banks and open woods. Desmodium glutinosum Sticky tick-clover N 5 N 7 N Rich woods. Desmodium humifusum Trailing Tick-trefoil N 5 N 10 S1 Desmodium laevigatum Smooth tick-clover N 4 N 5 S3 N Dry, sandy woods and roadsides NJ: Pine barrens Desmodium marilandicum Maryland tick-clover N 5 N 4 N Dry, open, upland woods, fields and edges. Desmodium nudiflorum Naked-flowered tick-trefoil N 5 N 7 N Rich, deciduous woods and edges. Desmodium nuttallii Nuttall's tick-trefoil N 4 N 5 N Open woods and edges. Desmodium obtusum Tick-trefoil N 3 N 5 N Dry, open woods, on sandy soils. Desmodium ochroleucum White Tick-trefoil na N 10 Desmodium paniculatum Tick-trefoil N N 4 UPL Clearings and edges of moist or dry woods. Desmodium pauciflorum Few-flowered Tick-trefoil na N 10 Desmodium perplexum Tick-trefoil N 3 N Dry or moist, open woods. Desmodium rotundifolium Round-leaved tick-trefoil N 6 N 8 N Dry, open woods. Desmodium sessilifolium Sessile-leaved tick-trefoil N N 10 S1 N Dry, open woods in sterile, sandy soils. Desmodium strictum Pine Barrens Tick-trefoil na N 10 S2 Desmodium viridiflorum Velvety tick-trefoil N 4 N 8 S2 N Abandoned fields and other dry, open places. Deutzia scabra Deutzia I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally persisting on roadside banks or waste ground. Dianthus armeria Deptford pink I 0 I 0 N Old fields, waste ground and roadsides. Dianthus barbatus Sweet-william I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and sometimes escaped. Dianthus deltoides Maiden pink I 0 na N Dry fields and alluvial sand and gravel bars. 24 of 79 PU PU PU 3 PU S3 S3 SX S1 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Dicentra canadensis Squirrel-corn N Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's-breeches N Dicentra eximia Wild Bleeding Heart na Dicentra canadensis Squirrel Corn N Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's-breeches N Dicentra eximia Fringed Bleeding Heart N Dichanthelium aciculare Needle-leaf Panic-grass Dichanthelium acuminatum var acuminatim Dichanthelium NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments 7 N 10 S1 N Rich, moist woods. 7 N 9 N Rich woods. N 10 SH.1 7 N 10 S1 7 N 9 N 10 SH.1 na N 10 S1 NJ: Moist to dry sany soils in the coastal plain, Cape May. Benner's Panic-grass na N 5 SH NJ: Woods, moist, sandy, road edges acuminatum var lindheimeri Lindheimer's Panic-grass na N 5 Dichanthelium acuminatum var longiligulatum Coastal Plain Panic -grass na N 10 SH Dichanthelium boreale Northern Panic-grass na N 10 S1 Dichanthelium boscii Bosc's Panic-grass na N 8 Dichanthelium clandestinum Deertongue Grass na N 3 Dichanthelium commutatum Variable Panic-grass na N 8 Dichanthelium commutatum var ashei Ash's Panic Grass na N 8 Dichanthelium depauperatum Starved Panic-grass na N 3 NJ:Roadside ditches Dichanthelium dichotomum var dicotomum Cypress Panic-grass na N 8 NJ: Moist, sandy soils Dichanthelium dichotomum var lucidum na N 8 Dichanthelium dichotomum var microcarpon na N 8 Dichanthelium dichotomum var roanokense Bluish Panic-grass na N 10 SH Dichanthelium dichotomum var. tenue White-edged Panic-grass na N 10 SH Dichanthelium dichotomum var. yadkinense Yadkin Panic-grass na N 10 SH Dichanthelium dichotomum var.clutei na N 8 Dichanthelium dichotomum var.ensifolium na N 7 Dichanthelium dichotomum var.mattamuskeetense na N 6 Dichanthelium dichotum var nutidum na N 8 Dichanthelium hirstii Hirst's Panic-grass na N 10 Dichanthelium latifolium Broad-leaved Panic-grass na N 8 Dichanthelium leucothrix Rough Panic-grass na N 10 Dichanthelium linearifolium Slimleaf Panic-grass na N 5 NJ: Traprock, woodlands, glades, road edges Dichanthelium meridionale Matting Panic-grass na N 3 NJ: Sandy areas, new house foundations Dichanthelium oligosanthes var oligasanthes Heller's Panic-grass na N 5 SH Dichanthelium oligosanthes var.scribnerianum Scribner's Panic-grass na N 4 S2 Dichanthelium ovale var.addisonii Addison's Panic-grass na N 5 Dichanthelium ovale var.ovale na N 5 Dichanthelium sabulrum var. patulum na N 5 NJ: Moist sand, low woodland borders. Dichanthelium sabulrum var. thineum na N 3 NJ: Coastal plain. Dichanthelium scabriusculum Sheathed Panic-grass na N 9 Dichanthelium scoparium Velvet Panic-grass na N 3 Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon var isophyllum na N 8 Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon var polyanthes N 8 Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon var sphaerocarpon Round-seeded Panic-grass na N 5 Dichanthelium spretum Eaton's Panic-grass na N 8 NJ: Moist, shady, coastal plain. Dichanthelium villosissimum White-haired Panic-grass na N 7 NJ: Sandy, disturbed, woods edges Dichanthelium wrightianum Wright's Panic-grass na N 8 S2 Dichanthelium xanthophysum Slender Panic-grass na N 10 SH.1 Diervilla lonicera Bush-honeysuckle N N 8 Digitalis lutea Small Yellow Foxglove na I 0 Digitaria ciliaris Southern Crab-grass na I 0 Digitaria filiformis Slender crabgrass N 4 I Digitaria ischaemum Smooth crabgrass/Small Crab grass I 0 Digitaria sanguinalis Northern crabgrass I Diodia teres Rough buttonweed Diodia virginiana Dioscorea batatas Small-leaved Panic-grass Hemlock Panic-grass PA Rank PE Rich, moist woods NJ: Woodlands, open road edges, pastures NJ: Shaded, open woods NJ: Shaded, moist, Pine barrens NJ; Acidic soils, marshes NJ: Pine barren wetlands S2 NJ: Brushy areas, sandy. NJ: Coastal plain, Pine Barrens NJ: Low moist ditches, weedy. NJ: Moist, sandy, marshy N Dry woods and rocky slopes. 0 N Serpentine barrens and other dry, open sites. I 0 UPL Disturbed soil, roadsides and waste ground. 0 I 0 FACU- Disturbed soil, roadsides, lawns and waste ground. N 6 N 0 N Railroad tracks, roadsides, old fields and sandy, open ground. Large Buttonweed na 5 N 10 Chinese yam I 0 na N Old homesites, disturbed slopes and waste areas. 25 of 79 8 Rich woods. S1 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Dioscorea quaternata Wild yam N Dioscorea villosa Wild yam Diospyros virginiana Persimmon Diphasiastrum digitatum Diphasiastrum PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 5 N N 4 N 5 Deep-rooted runningpine/southern ground cedar N 5 digitatum x tristachyum Ground-pine N Diphasiastrum tristachyum Deep-rooted runningpine/Northern ground cedar N 7 N Diplazium pycnocarpon Narrow-leaved glade fern N 7 Diplotaxis muralis Sand-rocket; annual wall rocket I 0 Diplotaxis tenuifolia Perennial wall rocket na Dipsacus laciniatus Cut-leaved Teasel na Dipsacus sativus Fuller's teasel I 0 na Dipsacus sylvestris Teasel I 0 I 0 Dirca palustris Leatherwood y 8 N 10 Distichlis spicata Marsh Spike-grass na N 9 Dodecatheon meadia Shooting-star N Doellingeria infirma Flat-topped white aster/ Cornelleaf aster N N 9 Doellingeria umbellata var. umbellata Flat-topped white aster N N 4 Draba reptans Whitlow-grass; carolina whitlowgrass N N 10 Draba verna Whitlow-grass I 0 I Dracocephalum parviflorum Dragonhead I 0 Drosera filiformis Thread-leaved Sundew na Drosera intermedia Spatulate-leaved sundew N Drosera rotundifolia Round-leaved sundew N Dryopteris burgessii Wood fern N Dryopteris boottii Boott's hybrid wood fern N Dryopteris carthusiana Spinulose wood fern N Dryopteris celsa Log fern N Dryopteris celsa x cristata Wood fern N Dryopteris celsa x goldiana Wood fern N Dryopteris clintoniana Clinton's wood fern N Dryopteris clintoniana x cristata Deceptive wood fern N Dryopteris cristata Crested shield fern N 6 Dryopteris goldiana Goldie's wood fern N Dryopteris intermedia Evergreen wood-fern N Dryopteris leedsii Wood-fern N Dryopteris marginalis Marginal wood fern N Dryopteris slossonae Boot's hybrid wood fern Dryopteris triploidea Dryopteris NJ Rank Wetlands Comments 7 FACU Dry, rocky, wooded slopes and thickets. N 7 FAC+ Woods, thickets and rocky slopes. N 3 FAC- Thin woods, edges, floodplains and old fields. N 3 FACU- Open woods and thickets, in acidic to subacidic soil. N Open woodlands or barrens, in acidic soils. 5 N Open coniferous woods and sandy or rocky barrens, in acidic soil. N 10 FAC Woodland glades, alluvial thickets and rocky slopes, in rich, circumneutral soils. I 0 N Waste ground and roadsides. I 0 I 0 N Pastures and waste ground. N Roadsides, fields and waste ground. FAC Rich, deciduous woods, rocky banks and thickets. na PE NJ: Dunes, brackish high salt marsh FACU Open woods, wooded slopes, bluffs and meadows, on calcareous soils. N Rocky woods, thickets and barrens. FACW Swampy woods and moist fields. N Dry slopes and ledges. 0 N Dry fields, roadsides and open woods. I 0 FACU- Yards and waste ground. N 9 9 N 6 OBL Open peat at the edges of bogs and glacial lakes. 9 N 5 OBL Sphagnum bogs and peaty edges. N 9 N Woods. N 9 N Swamps and moist woodland edges, in subacidic soils. 4 N 5 FAC+ Moist to wet woods and swamps. 8 N 5 OBL Rotting logs and swampy hummocks, in acidic soils. 6 N 10 N Ravines and damp woods. N 10 N Wet, rocky woods and stream edges. N 10 FACW+ Swamps and damp woods, in subacidic soils. N 10 FACW+ Swamps and moist hummocks. N 8 FACW+ Swamps and wet thickets, in subacidic soils. 7 N 10 FAC+ Moist woods or shaded talus or seepage slopes, in humus-rich, circumneutral soils. 4 N 8 FACU Moist woods, shaded slopes and swamp hummocks, in humusrich, acidic to neutral soils. N 10 N Moist, rocky woods. N 9 FACU- Rocky ledges, talus slopes and shaded edges, in subacidic to circumneutral soils. na N 9 N Swampy woods, stream banks and springheads. Triploid hybrid wood fern na N 6 N Moist woods, swamps and thickets. uliginosa Braun's wood fern na N 10 N Moist woods, swamps and thickets. Dryopteris x burgessii Wood fern N N 9 N Woods. Duchesnea indica Indian strawberry I 0 I 0 FACU- Woods, trails and waste ground. Dulichium arundinaceum Three-way sedge N 7 N 3 OBL Bogs, marshes, lake margins, swampy fields and ditches. Echinacea laevigata Appalachian coneflower N 10 N Open woods and fields. 26 of 79 10 S2 8 5 PX na na S2 SH SX S3 S3 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Wetlands Comments Echinacea purpurea Purple coneflower I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to fields, abandoned nursery and rubbish dumps. Echinochloa crusgalli Barnyard-grass I 0 I 0 Echinochloa crusgalli var. crusgalli Barnyard-grass I 0 I 0 FACU Fields, meadows, roadsides and waste ground. Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea Billion-dollar grass/Japanese Millet I 0 I 0 FACU Cultivated and occasionally escaped. Echinochloa muricata var microstachya Barnyard-grass/American Barnyard -grass N 3 N 1 FACW+ Moist ground and alluvial shores. Echinochloa muricata var muricata N Echinochloa walteri Salt Marsh Cockspur Grass na 3 N 1 N Echinocystis lobata Prickly cucumber N 8 N 2 Echinodorus parvulus Dwarf Bur-head na Echinops sphaerocephalus Globe-thistle I 0 N na 10 Echium vulgare Viper's bugloss I 0 I Eclipta prostrata Yerba-de-tajo N 2 Egeria densa Brazilian waterweed I 0 Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian-olive I Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn-olive I Elatine minima Small waterwort Elatine triandra Elatine triandra var americana Eleocharis Eleocharis 2 PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank S1S2 NJ: Ditches FAC SH1 Moist alluvial soil, stream banks and woods edges. NJ: Mud flats N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to crevices in limestone rock. 0 N Dry fields, roadsides, railroad banks and waste ground. I 0 FAC Wet shores, rocky river banks. I 0 OBL Naturalized in ponds and lakes. 0 I 0 FACU Cultivated and escaped to waste ground, also planted for erosion control. 0 I 0 N Planted by the Game Commission and extensively naturalized in old fields and abandoned pastures. N N 8 OBL Shallow water of northern lakes and muddy tidal shores. Threestamen waterwort N N 8 OBL Shallow water of lakes and ponds American Waterwort na N 8 acicularis Needle spike-rush N N 3 OBL Shallow water and moist shores. brittonii Britton's spike rush na N 10 S1 Eleocharis compressa var. compressa Flat-stemmed spike-rush N 9 N 10 S1 OBL Wet, sandy ground and river banks. Eleocharis elliptica Slender spike-rush N 9 N 8 S2 FACW+ Moist sand flats and sandy swales. Eleocharis engelmannii Spike-rush; Engelmann's spike rush N 4 N 7 FACW+ Vernal ponds, moist ditches and roadsides. Eleocharis equisetoides Jointed spike-rush N 6 N 10 S1 Eleocharis erythropoda Spike-rush; bald spike-rush N 6 N 5 S2S3 OBL River banks, stream banks, wet meadows and swales. Eleocharis fallax Creeping spike-rush na N 8 Eleocharis flavescens Yellow spike-rush na N 4 Eleocharis geniculata Canada spike-rush na N 10 Eleocharis halophila Salt marsh spike-rush na N 8 S2 Eleocharis intermedia Matted spike-rush N N 10 S2 Eleocharis melonocarpa Black-fruited Spike-rush na N 10 S1 Eleocharis microcarpo na N 7 Eleocharis minima Small spike-rush na N 10 Eleocharis obtusa var. obtusa Wright's spike-rush; blunt spikerush N N 3 Eleocharis obtusa var. reductiseta na N 10 Eleocharis olivacea Capitate spike-rush; bright green spike-rush N N 5 Eleocharis olivacea var reductiseta Ovate spike-rush na N 10 Eleocharis ovata Ovate Spike-rush na N 5 Eleocharis palustris Creeping spike-rush N N 4 Eleocharis parvula Dwarf spike-rush na N 9 Eleocharis pauciflora Few-flowered Spike-rush na N 10 S1 Eleocharis quadrangulata Four-angled spike-rush N N 8 S2 Eleocharis quinqueflora Few-flowered spike-rush na syn 10 Eleocharis robbinsii Robbins' spike rush na N 9 Eleocharis rostellata Beaked spike rush na N 10 Eleocharis tenuis var. pseudoptera Slender spike-rush N N 10 FACW+ Moist meadows, hayfields and damp areas of serpentine barrens. Eleocharis tenuis var. tenuis Spike-rush N N 3 FACW+ Moist fields, swamps, bogs and wet ditches. 27 of 79 3 2 6 2 NJ: Mud flats, brackish FACW+ Calcareous swamps, bogs and lake shores. OBL Swampy ground, bogs, ditches and wet shores. SH.1 Freshwater tidal OBL Wet pond margins and exposed peat.NJ: Coastal plain. NJ: Fresh water tidal. OBL Lake margins, edges of streams, bogs, swamps and marshy fields. Calcareous wet sands OBL Lake margins, swamps and ponds. NJ: Pine Barren streams, backwater. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments Eleocharis tenuis var. verrucosa Slender spike-rush N Eleocharis tortilis Twisted spike-rush na PE N 10 S1.1 FACW+ Moist, open ground, marl pits N 10 S1 Eleocharis tricostata Three-ribbed spike-rush na N 7 Eleocharis tuberculosa Long-tubercled spike-rush n 9 Elephantopus carolinianus Elephant's foot N 6 PX N 5 PE N 10 Eleusine indica Goosegrass I 0 na Ellisia nyctelea Waterpod/ Aunt Lucy N 7 N 10 Elodea canadensis Ditch-moss N 5 N Elodea nuttallii Waterweed N 5 Elodea schweinitzii Schweinitz's waterweed N Elsholtzia ciliata Elsholtzia I Elymus canadensis Canada Wild Rye na Elymus canadensis var. canadensis Canada wild-rye N Elymus hystrix Bottlebrush-grass N 4 Elymus riparius Riverbank wild-rye N 3 Elymus trachycaulis Slender Wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulis ssp subsecundus One-sided Wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulis ssp trachycaulis Slender Wheatgrass na Elymus villosus Wild-rye/ Downy Wild Rye N 4 Elymus virginicus Virginia wild-rye N Elytrigia repens Quackgrass Epifagus virginiana Epigaea NJ: Coastal plain, intermitent ponds OBL Sphagnous bog. FACU Open woods, serpentine barrens. FACU- Gardens, disturbed soil and waste ground. FACU Damp, shady banks and rich, alluvial woods. 4 OBL Shallow water of rivers, creeks, lakes and ponds. N 5 OBL Shallow water of rivers, streams and ponds, also tidal mud flats. 10 N 5 OBL Rooted submergent aquatic. Calcareous water. 0 I 0 N River shores. N 3 N 3 FACU+ Alluvial shores and thickets. N 5 N Moist, alluvial woods.NJ: floodplains. N 5 FACW Alluvial flats, meadows and stream banks.NJ: floodplains. na N 10 S1 na N 10 S1 N 10 S1 N 3 FACU- Stream banks, moist woods and marshes. 3 N 3 FACW- Moist woods, meadows and river banks. I 0 I 0 FACU- Fields, roadsides and waste ground. Beechdrops N 6 N 10 N Beech woods, parasitic on the roots of Fagus grandifolia. repens Trailing-arbutus N 7 N 10 N Dry to moist, acidic woods and edges. Epilobium angustifolium Fireweed N 3 N 5 FAC Woods edges and recent clearings, in open sandy ground. Epilobium angustifolium var circumvagum Narrow-leaved Fireweed na N 5 Epilobium ciliatum Willow-herb N N 5 FAC- Moist, springy soil and wet rocks. Epilobium coloratum Purple-leaved willow-herb N N 2 FACW+ Marshes, stream or pond banks and floodplains. Epilobium hirsutum Hairy Willow-herb na I 0 Epilobium leptophyllum Willow-herb N N 10 S2 OBL Marshes and boggy pastures. Epilobium strictum Downy willow-herb N N 10 S2 OBL Calcareous marshes, meadows and thickets. Epipactis helleborine Bastard hellebore I 0 I 0 UPL Woods, shaded roadsides and thickets. Equisetum arvense Field horsetail N 1 N 1 FAC Stream banks, meadows, roadsides and railroad embankments. Equisetum ferrissi Intermediate scouring-rush N N 10 N Moist, sandy or clayey circumneutral soils. Equisetum fluviatile Water horsetail N 8 N 9 OBL Shallow water of ponds, swamps and sluggish streams. Equisetum hyemale var. affine Scouring-rush N 3 N 3 FACW Sandy, circumneutral shores, banks and roadsides. Equisetum litorale Shore horsetail N N 10 N Moist stream banks. Equisetum pratense Meadow horsetail na N 10 S1 Equisetum sylvaticum Woodland horsetail N N 10 S3 Equisetum variegatum Variegated scouring rush na N 10 S1 Eragrostis capillaris Lacegrass N 2 N 2 N Open woods, roadsides and waste ground, in dry sandy soil. Eragrostis cilianensis Stink grass I 0 I 0 FACU Fields, gardens and waste ground. Eragrostis curvula Weeping Love-grass na I 0 Eragrostis frankii Lovegrass/Frank's Love-grass N N 2 FACW Moist river banks.NJ: Roadside ditches. Eragrostis hirsuta Hairy Love-grass/ Stout lovegrass na N 0 Eragrostis hypnoides Creeping lovegrass/Smooth Creeping Love-grass N 7 N 3 OBL Wet shores and mudflats. Eragrostis minor LovegrassLow Love-grass I 0 I 0 N Dry roadsides and railroad embankments. 28 of 79 2 9 6 SH S1 SX Mesic prairie S1 NJ: North FACW Moist, open woods and wet meadows, in subacidic soils. NJ: Marl fens. S1.1 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Eragrostis pectinacea Carolina lovegrass N Eragrostis pilosa India lovegrass I Eragrostis spectabilis Purple lovegrass Eranthis hyemalis Erechtites NJ List NJ CC 0 N 0 I N 1 N Winter aconite I 0 na hieraciifolia Fireweed N 0 N Erianthus giganteus Giant beardgrass N N Erianthus ravennae Beardgrass I 0 na Erica tetralix Cross-leaved Heather na 0 I Erigenia bulbosa Harbinger-of-spring N Erigeron annuus Daisy fleabane I 0 N Erigeron philadelphicus Daisy fleabane/ philadelphia fleabane N 1 Erigeron pulchellus Robin's-plantain N 3 Erigeron strigosus var. beyrichii Daisy fleabane N Erigeron strigosus var. strigosus Daisy fleabane I Eriocaulon aquaticum Seven-angled Pipewort na N 10 Eriocaulon decangulare Ten-angled Pipewort na N 10 Eriocaulon parkerii Parker's Pipewort na N 8 S2 Eriophorum gracile Slender cotton-grass N 9 N 5 SH OBL Wet meadows, bogs and marshes.NJ: North. Eriophorum tenellum Rough cotton-grass N 10 N 10 S1 OBL Bogs. NJ: North. Eriophorum vaginatum var spissum sheathed cotton-grass na N 5 SH Eriophorum virginicum Tawny cotton-grass N N 7 Eriophorum viridicarinatum Thin-leaved cotton-grass na N 10 Erodium cicutarium Red-stem filaree I 0 I 0 Erodium moschatum Musk Storksbill I 0 I 0 Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa Garden-rocket I 0 I 0 Erucastrum gallicum Dog-mustard I 0 na Eryngium aquaticum Rattlesnake master na N 8 S3 Eryngium aquaticum var aquaticum Rattlesnake master na N 8 S3 Eryngium campestre Field Eryngium na I 0 Eryngium maritimum Sea holly na I 0 Eryngium yuccifolium Tall Rattlesnake master na N 10 Erysimum cheiranthoides Treacle-mustard; wormseed mustard I 0 I 0 FAC Roadsides and waste ground. Erysimum repandum Treacle-mustard I 0 I 0 N Roadsides, waste ground and ballast. Erythronium albidum White trout-lily N 10 N 8 FACU Wooded floodplains and low, moist ground. Erythronium americanum Yellow trout-lily N 4 N 5 N Moist woods, bottomlands and meadows. Eschscholzia californica California poppy I 0 na N Occasionally escaped from cultivation. Euodia daniellii Bee-bee tree I 0 na N Roadsides and edges of urban woodlands. Escaped from cultivation. Euodia huphensis Bee-bee tree I 0 na N Naturalized in disturbed urban forests Euonymus alatus Winged euonymous I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in disturbed woods, stream banks, fencerows and edges. Euonymus americanus Hearts-a-bursting/ Strawberyy bush N 5 N 7 FAC Moist woods, swamps, floodplains and wet thickets. Euonymus atropurpureus Burning-bush/ Wahoo N 6 N 10 FACU Wooded limestone slopes, rocky bluffs and floodplain thickets. Euonymus europaeus European spindletree I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. Euonymus fortunei Wintercreeper I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in woods and wooded floodplains. Euonymus hamiltonianus Spindle-tree I 0 na N Cultivated and rarely escaped to moist thickets. Eupatorium album var album White-bracted eupatorium; white boneset N N 2 N Sandy, open woods, dry slopes and serpentine barrens. Eupatorium album var subvanosum na N 10 29 of 79 PA Rank NJ Rank Wetlands Comments 0 FAC Gardens and waste ground. 0 FACU Gardens, roadsides and ballast. 1 UPL Dry, sandy fields and roadsides. N Garden escape, old homesites. 0 FACU Fields, woods, clearings and waste ground. 8 FACW+ Swamps and river banks. N Utility right-of-way N Seeps and spring heads on wooded slopes. 0 FACU Fields, roadsides and waste ground. N 2 FACU Woods, edges, fields, roadsides and lawns. N 3 FACU Meadows, wooded slopes, woodland edges and roadsides. N 0 FACU+ Fallow fields, meadow swales and dry grasslands. FACU+ Fields, fencerows and dry, shaly slopes. 0 na 0 na 9 PU PW NJ: Savannahs, intermittent fens. NJ: North OBL S3 Swamps, bogs and swales.NJ: North, Pine Barrens. NJ: North. N Open, roadside banks and weedy fields. N Grassy fields. N Roadsides and waste ground. NJ: Freshwater tidal, brackish tidal. SX S1 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List Eupatorium album var vaseyi Vasey's Boneset na Eupatorium altissimum Tall eupatorium N 4 Eupatorium aromaticum Small-leaved white-snakeroot N 8 Eupatorium capillifolium Dog fennel na Eupatorium coelestinum Mistflower N 4 Eupatorium dubium Joe-pye-weed/ eastern joe-pye weed N Eupatorium fistulosum Joe-pye-weed/ hollow-stemmed joe-pye weed N Eupatorium godfreyanum Eupatorium/ Godfrey's boneset na Eupatorium hyssopifolium Hyssop-leaved boneset N Eupatorium hyssopifolium var calcoratum na N Eupatorium hyssopifolium var laciniatum na N 4 Eupatorium leucolepis White-bracted boneset na N 4 Eupatorium maculatum Spotted joe-pye-weed N 4 N 5 N Floodplains, swamps and alluvial thickets. Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset N 3 N 3 FACW+ Floodplains, swamps, bogs, stream banks and wet meadows. Eupatorium pilosum Ragged eupatorium/ Rough boneset N 6 N 6 FACW Moist, rocky woods, sphagnum bogs or sandy-peaty openings. Eupatorium purpureum Joe-pye-weed/ Sweet-scented joy-pye weed N 5 N 7 N Open woods, fields and floodplains. Eupatorium resinosum Pinebarrens Boneset na N 9 S2 Eupatorium rotundifolium var. cordigerum Heart-leaf Boneset na N 6 S2 Eupatorium rotundifolium var. ovatum Round-leaved eupatorium N 4 N 3 FAC- Dry sandy fields, exposed sandstone rocks and serpentine barrens. Eupatorium rotundifolium var. rotundifolium Round-leaved eupatorium N 4 N 4 FAC- Sandy or clayey fields and open thickets. Eupatorium rugosum White-snakeroot N 2 N 3 N Woods, meadows and roadsides. Eupatorium serotinum Late eupatorium N 0 N 1 FAC- Sandy fields, moist thickets, ditches, waste ground and ballast. Eupatorium sessilifolium var brittonianum Britton's Upland Boneset na N 8 Eupatorium sessilifolium var sessifolium Upland eupatorium N N 8 N Dry wooded slopes, rocky banks and roadsides. Euphorbia commutata Wood spurge N N 5 FACU Open woods or wooded slopes on limestone. Euphorbia corollata Flowering spurge N 4 N 7 N Dry, open woods, shale barrens, fields and sandy waste ground. Euphorbia cyparissias Cypress spurge I 0 I 0 N Roadsides, old fields, disturbed open woods and abandoned cemeteries. Euphorbia dentata Toothed Spurge na I 0 Euphorbia esula Leafy spurge I 0 I 0 N Roadsides, openings in woods and waste ground. Euphorbia exigua Dwarf Spurge na 0 I 0 Euphorbia helioscopia Wartweed I 0 I 0 N Dry, open soil, gardens and waste ground. Euphorbia humistrata Hairy Spreading Spurge na I 0 Euphorbia ipecacuanhae Ipecac Spurge na N 4 Euphorbia lathyris Caper spurge I I 0 Euphorbia maculata Milk Purslane na N 0 Euphorbia marginata Snow-on-the-mountain I I 0 Euphorbia marilandica Maryland Spurge na N 5 Euphorbia nutans Eyebane na N 1 Euphorbia peplus Petty spurge I I 0 Euphorbia polygonifolia Seaside Spurge na N 9 Euphorbia purpurea Glade spurge N N 10 Euphorbia segetalis Spurge na I 0 Euphorbia vermiculata Hairy Spurge na N 3 Eurybia compacta Slender aster na N 5 Eurybia divaricata White wood aster N 3 N 4 N Woods. Eurybia macrophylla Bigleaf aster N 5 N 7 N Woods, rocky slopes and edges. Eurybia radula Rough aster N 8 N 10 OBL Moist woods, swamps and bogs. 30 of 79 PA CC PA Rank Wetlands Comments S2 N Dry, rocky slopes, bluffs, fields and roadsides.NJ: North. 10 S1 N Dry woods and sandy, open areas. N 2 S1 N 3 S3 6 N 3 PR 4 7 0 0 0 9 PE NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank N 10 S1 N 3 N NJ: Road edges. FAC Old fields, meadows and stream banks, also cultivated and occasionally escaped. 5 FACW Swamps, bogs, calcareous marshes and swales. N 5 FACW Floodplains, meadows, moist thickets and roadsides. N 10 N Stream banks, wooded roadside banks and shaley slopes. N 1 N Dry, sandy or gravelly fields, thickets and shores. SH.1 S2S3 NJ: Savannahs. NJ Pine Barrens, bogs S2 S2 NJ :open, dry sandy N Wooded banks, cultivated fields and waste ground. UPL Cultivated and occasionally escaped to vacant lots, dumps, railroad cinders and roadsides. N Yards, gardens and pavements. SH.1 NJ dunes S1 FAC Swamps or moist thickets on rich soils NJ: road edges South jersey Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Eurybia schreberi Schreber's aster N 5 Eurybia spectabilis Showy aster Eurybia x herveryi Euthamia graminifolia var. graminifolia Euthamia NJ List NJ CC Wetlands Comments N 7 N Woods, moist slopes and stream banks. N N 6 N Dry, sandy woods and rock outcrops. Hervey's aster Grass-leaved goldenrod na N 7 N N 1 FAC Fields, roadsides, moist ditches or shores. graminifolia var. nuttallii Grass-leaved goldenrod N 3 FAC Fields, open woods, roadsides and waste ground. Euthamia tenuifolia Grass-leaved goldenrod N 8 FAC Moist, sandy or clayey fields or thickets. Fagopyrum esculentum Buckwheat I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to fields, roadsides, railroad banks and dumps. Fagus grandifolia American beech N 6 N 8 FACU A dominant tree of mature forests on moist, rich soils. Festuca elatior Fescue/Tall Fescue I 0 I 0 FACU- Roadsides, fields and open ground. Festuca filiformis Hair Fescue na Festuca obtusa Nodding fescue N 0 I 0 3 syn Festuca ovina Sheep fescue FACU Moist woods and clearings. y 0 I N Open woods, dry fields and roadsides. Festuca paradoxa Festuca pratensis Cluster fescue N 9 na FAC Moist, open ground and thickets. Meadow fescue I 0 na FACU- Meadows, moist shores, roadsides and disturbed ground. Festuca rubra var rubra Red fescue I 0 N 6 FACU Dry woods, roadsides, waste ground and ballast.NJ: brackishmarsh edges Festuca subverticillata Nodding fescue na N 8 Festuca tenuifolia Hair fescue I 0 na N Dry, open ground and oak woods. Festuca trachyphylla Hard fescue I 0 na N Dry, open soil. Filago germanica Cotton-rose I 0 na N River banks and fields. Filipendula rubra Queen-of-the-prairie I 0 FACW Moist meadows, thickets and roadsides, sometimes escaped from cultivation. Filipendula ulmaria Queen of the Meadow na Fimbristylis annua Annual fimbry N 9 na FACW- Moist depressions on serpentine barrens, also wharves and waste ground. Fimbristylis autumnalis Slender fimbry N 4 N 2 FACW+ Moist meadows, pond margins, river banks and wet ditches. Fimbristylis caroliniana Hairy fimbristylis na N 10 S2 Fimbristylis casteanea Marsh fimbristylis na N 10 S3 Fimbristylis puberula Hairy fimbry N N 10 S2 OBL Edge of swamp, low ground. Fimbristylis puberula var puberula Hairy fimbry N N 10 S2 OBL Edge of swamp, low ground. Floerkea proserpinacoides False-mermaid N 4 N 9 FAC Moist or wet woods, often on floodplains. Foeniculum vulgare Fennel I 0 I 0 Forsythia suspensa Forsythia I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides or persisting at abandoned homesites. Forsythia viridissima Forsythia I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides. Fragaria chiloensis x virginiana Garden strawberry I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to fields and waste ground. Fragaria vesca ssp. americana Sow-teat strawberry I 0 N 7 N Wooded, upland slopes and rocky ledges. Fragaria vesca ssp. vesca Sow-teat strawberry I 0 na N Moist, deciduous woods and banks. Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetala Wild strawberry N 2 na FACU Woods and edges. Fragaria virginiana ssp. virginiana Wild strawberry N 2 N 2 FACU Woods, meadows, old fields and other dry, open ground. Fraxinus americana var. americana White ash N 1 N 7 FACU Woods, fencerows and old fields. Fraxinus americana var. biltmoreana Biltmore ash N FACU Rich, wooded slopes, river banks, fencerows and roadsides. Fraxinus nigra Black ash N 7 N 10 FACW Swamps, wet woods and bottomlands. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Red ash/ Green Ash N 3 N 4 FACW Alluvial woods, stream banks and moist fields. Fraxinus profunda Pumpkin Ash na N 10 Froelichia floridana Florida cottonweed I 0 I 0 Froelichia gracilis Cottonweed I 0 I 0 Fuirena pumila Smooth fuirena na N 3 31 of 79 PA Rank NJ Rank na PT PE N 4 0 N 5 I 0 NJ woodlands SH na S1 NJ: Flood plains N Dry, open, sandy soil, often along railroads. NJ: sand pit, wet edges Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Fuirena squarrosa Hairy fuirena na Fumaria officinalis Common fumitory I 0 N 5 S3 I 0 Gaillardia grandiflora Blanket-flower I 0 na Galactia regularis Eastern milk-pea N 8 N 5 Galactia volubilis Downy Milk Pea na N 5 Galanthus nivalis Snowdrop na I 0 Galearis spectabilis Showy orchis N 6 N Galega officinalis Goat's-rue I 0 I Galeopsis tetrahit Hemp nettle na I 0 Galinsoga parviflora Small-flowered quickweed I 0 I Galinsoga quadriradiata Quickweed/ hairy galinsoga I 0 Galium aparine Bedstraw/ Cleavers N Galium asprellum Rough bedstraw Galium boreale Galium Wetlands Comments NJ: wetland N Cultivated sites and waste ground. N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in fallow fields, railroad yards or old nurseries. N NJ: road edges 10 N Rich, deciduous woods. 0 N Naturalized in moist, open meadows and along stream banks. 0 N Floodplains, streets, waste ground and ballast. I 0 N Gardens, yards, roadsides and waste ground. 1 N 1 FACU Woods, stream banks, wooded slopes and roadsides. N 5 N 8 OBL Swamps, bogs, stream banks and wet thickets. Northern bedstraw N 7 N 10 FACU Rocky slopes on limestone or serpentine, low fields, fens and roadside banks. circaezans var. circaezans Wild licorice N 5 N 8 UPL Rich woods and wooded, calcareous slopes. Galium circaezans var. hypomalacum Wild licorice N 5 na UPL Woods, calcareous slopes and bluffs. Galium concinnum Shining bedstraw N 7 N 10 UPL Wooded slopes. Galium glaucum Woodruff na 0 I 0 Galium hispidulum Coast Bedstraw na N 10 S1 Galium labradoricum Labrador Marsh Bedstraw na N 10 S1 Galium lanceolatum Wild licorice/ Lance-leaved Wild Licorice N 6 N 8 N Woods and wooded slopes. Galium mollugo White bedstraw I 0 I 0 N Fields and roadsides. Galium obtusum var filifolium N 5 Galium obtusum var obtusum Cleavers/ Blunt Bedstraw N 5 N 4 FACW+ Wet woods, bogs and swamps. Galium odoratum Sweet woodruff I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and rarely escaped to rich, dry woods. Galium palustre Ditch bedstraw/ Marsh Bedstraw N N 5 OBL Stream banks, marshes, wet ditches and moist shores. Galium pedemontanum Bedstraw/ Piedmont Bedstraw I 0 I 0 N Disturbed ground. Galium pilosum Bedstraw N 5 N 3 N Old fields, shale barrens and dry, sandy, open ground. Galium pilosum var puncticulosum Bedstraw na N 5 Galium tinctorium Bedstraw/ Stiff Marsh Bedstraw N N 3 Galium trifidum Cleavers/ Small Bedstraw N N 10 Galium trifidum ssp trifidum Cleavers/ Small Bedstraw N N Galium triflorum Sweet-scented bedstraw/ Fragrant Bedstraw N N Galium verum Yellow Bedstraw na I 0 Galium verum var. verum Our-lady's bedstraw I 0 Galium verum var. wirtgenii Yellow bedstraw I Gamochaeta purpurea Purple cudweed na Gaultheria hispidula Creeping Snowberry na Gaultheria procumbens Teaberry N Gaura biennis Gaura Gaylussacia baccata Gaylussacia na SX.1 S3 NJ: Bog NJ: Coastal plain OBL Moist, wooded slopes, wooded floodplains, stream banks and swales. FACW+ Moist woods, thickets and swales.NJ: Peatlands 10 FACW+ Moist woods, thickets and swales. 5 FACU Rocky woods, shaded hillsides and roadside banks. na N Fields, roadsides, waste ground and ballast. 0 na N Fields, roadsides, waste ground and ballast. 0 N 1 N 10 FACW Rare in wet woods and bogs 7 N 5 FACU Dry to moist, acidic woods. N 4 N 1 FACU Moist meadows, floodplains, stream banks and roadside thickets. Black huckleberry N 5 N 8 FACU Dry to moist, acidic woods and bogs. dumosa Dwarf huckleberry N 9 N 10 FAC Moist, acidic woods and swamps.NJ:bogs Gaylussacia frondosa Dangleberry N 7 N 7 FAC Moist, acidic woods, swamps and bogs.NJ: some woods edges Gentiana andrewsii var. andrewsii Bottle gentian/ Fringed bottle gentian N 8 N 8 S2 FACW Moist woods, swampy thickets, floodplains and low meadows. Gentiana autumnalis Pine Barrens Gentian na N 7 S3 Gentiana catesbaei Catesby's Gentian na N 10 SH.1 32 of 79 4 SH 3 PE S1 S1 S3 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC Gentiana clausa Meadow closed gentian N 8 Gentiana linearis Narrow-leaved Gentian na Gentiana saponaria var saponaria Soapwort gentian N 8 PE Gentiana villosa Striped gentian N 9 PE Gentianella quinquefolia var quinquefolia Stiff gentian N Gentianopsis crinita Eastern fringed gentian N Geranium bicknellii Cranesbill N Geranium carolinianum Wild geranium N Geranium columbinum Long-stalked cranesbill I Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill Geranium maculatum Wood geranium Geranium molle Geranium Wetlands Comments N 7 FACW Moist woods, stream banks and meadows. N 10 SH N 6 S3 FACW Bogs, moist, open woods and roadsides. N 10 SX.1 N Dry, open woods and edges, also thickets on serpentine barrens. 9 N 8 S2 FAC Woods, springy slopes, roadside banks and shaded limestone bluffs. 8 N 10 OBL Wet meadows, boggy pastures, seepy slopes, swamps, fens and open slumps along creek valleys. I 0 N Dry, open woods, clearings and rocky ledges. 1 N 0 N Fields, roadsides, and dry woods. 0 I 0 N Dry, rocky, calcareous or shaly slopes or old fields. na 0 I 0 N 4 N 4 FACU Rich woods, roadsides and fields. Dove's-foot cranesbill I 0 I 0 N Old fields, roadsides, canal banks, and railroad tracks. pusillum Slender cranesbill I 0 I 0 N Roadsides, fields and waste ground. Geranium robertianum Herb-robert N 8 N 4 N River banks, moist woods, rocky slopes and ravines. Geranium rotundifolium Round-leaved Cranesbill na 0 I 0 Geranium sanguineum Bloody Cranesbill na I 0 Geranium sibiricum Siberian cranesbill I 0 I 0 N Roadsides, gardens and waste ground. Geum aleppicum Yellow avens I 0 N 9 FAC Woods, moist fields, swamps, and roadsides. Geum canadense var. canadense White avens N 1 N 5 FACU Woods, stream banks and roadsides. Geum canadense var. grimesii White avens N na FACU Stream banks. Geum laciniatum Rough Avens na N Geum laciniatum var. laciniatum Herb-bennet N Geum laciniatum var. trichocarpum Herb-bennet N Geum rivale Water Avens/ Chocolate root na N 10 S3 Geum vernum Spring avens N 4 N 3 S2 Geum virginianum Cream-colored avens/ Virginia Avens N 5 N 9 Gilia rubra Scarlet Gilia na I 0 Ginkgo biloba Maidenhair tree I Glaucium flavum Horned Poppy na I 0 Glaux maritima Sea Milkwort na N 10 Glechoma hederacea Gill-over-the-ground I 0 I Gleditsia triacanthos Honey-locust I 0 Glossostigma diandrum Mudmat I Glyceria acutiflora Mannagrass/Sharp-scaled Manna-grass N Glyceria borealis Small Floating Manna-grass na Glyceria canadensis Rattlesnake mannagrass N Glyceria canadensis x grandis Rattlesnake grass N Glyceria grandis American mannagrass N Glyceria laxa Northern Manna-grass na Glyceria melicaria Slender mannagrassSlender Manna-grass N 7 Glyceria obtusa Coastal mannagrass/ Blunt Manna-grass N 9 Glyceria septentrionalis Floating mannagrass N Glyceria striata Fowl mannagrass Glycine max Soybean Gnaphalium helleri Small Everlasting na 3 NJ Rank Wet open meadows na FAC+ Woods, swamps, bogs and wet ditches. na FAC+ Woods, boggy fields and swampy ditches. FACU Rich woods and ravines. FAC- Rich woods, open swamps, ravines and bluffs. N An occasional garden escape, naturalizing in disturbed woods. 0 FACU Fields, disturbed woods, roadsides, gardens and waste ground. I 0 FAC- Wooded slopes, river banks and floodplains, also frequently planted in urban and suburban areas. 0 I 0 N Shallow edges and moist shores of an artificial lake. 8 N 10 OBL Shallow water, muddy shores and swamps. N 5 N 9 OBL Moist woods, marshes, swamps and wet shores. OBL Marshes, swamps and wet woods. OBL Shallow water or wet meadows. OBL Wet woods, stream banks and swamps. 0 na 7 SX.1 NH na N 8 S2 N 10 S1 N 5 S3 N 4 OBL Swamps, bogs and moist, sandy, peaty ground. 6 N 5 OBL Wet meadows and shallow water of stream margins. N 3 N 3 OBL Wet woods, swamps and bogs. na 0 I 0 N 5 33 of 79 6 PE SH Genus Epithet Common Name PA List Wetlands Comments Gnaphalium macounii Winged Cudweed na Gnaphalium obtusifolium Fragrant cudweed N 2 na N Pastures, old fields, shale barrens and roadsides. Gnaphalium purpureum var. purpureum Purple cudweed N 3 na Gnaphalium uliginosum Low cudweed N 3 I 0 N Dry, sandy or rocky fields. FAC Moist fields, river banks, woods and ditches. Goodyera pubescens Downy rattlesnake-plantain N 6 N 9 FACU- Dry to moist, deciduous or coniferous woods. Goodyera repens Dwarf Rattlesnake-plantain na N 10 Goodyera tesselata Checkered Rattlesnake-plantain na N 10 Gratiola aurea Goldenpert/ Golden Hedge Hyssop N N 3 OBL Moist river banks and sandy pond shores. Gratiola neglecta Hedge hyssop N N 2 OBL River banks, muddy shores, bogs, wet fields and ditches. Gratiola pilosa Hairy Hedge Hyssop Gratiola virginiana var aestuarium na N 6 na N 10 Gratiola virginiana var virginiana Virginia Hedge Hyssop na Grindelia squarrosa Gum-weed I 0 N 4 I 0 FACU Ballast, ore docks, sidewalks and lawns. Guizotia abyssinica Niger I Gymnocarpium dryopteris Common oak fern N 0 I 0 7 N 10 UPL Cool rocky woods, shaded talus slopes and swamp margins, in humusy, subacidic soils. Gymnocladus dioica Kentucky coffee-tree I 0 I 0 N Rich, moist woods and bottomlands, also occasionally planted. Gymnopogon ambiguus Broad-leaved beardgrass/Bearded Skeletongrass N N 6 S3 N Serpentine barrens. Gymnopogon brevifolius Short-leaved Skeleton-grass na Gypsophila muralis Baby's breath I 0 N 6 S1 I 0 Hackelia virginiana Beggar's-lice; virginia stickseed N 2 N 2 FACU Dry to moist woods, wooded slopes and roadsides. Halesia carolina Carolina silverbell I 0 na N Cultivated and rarely spreading to disturbed woods. Hamamelis virginiana Hasteola suaveolens Witch-hazel N 6 N 7 FACU+ Rich, rocky woods. Sweet-scented indian plantain na N 10 Hedeoma Hedeoma hispidum Mock pennyroyal I 0 I 0 N Fallow field. pulegioides American pennyroyal N 2 N 1 N Dry fields, pastures, woods and roadsides. Hedera helix English ivy I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in disturbed woods. Helenium amarum Sneezeweed I 0 na FACU- Railroad tracks and river bank. Helenium autumnale Common sneezeweed N 4 N 5 FACW+ Swamps, moist river banks, alluvial thickets and wet fields. Helenium flexuosum Southern sneezeweed/ purpleheaded sneezeweed I 0 N 3 FAC- Moist fields, pastures shores and waste ground. Helianthemum bicknellii Bicknell's hoary rockrose; hoary frostweed N 9 N 9 N Dry, rocky hillsides, open woods and serpentine barrens. Helianthemum canadense Frostweed; long-branched frostweed N 7 N 4 N Dry, sandy or rocky ground, open woods and barrens. Helianthemum propinquum Frostweed; Pine barrens frostweed N N 7 N Dry, sandy soil and barrens. Helianthus angustifolius Narrow-leaved sunflower N N 7 Helianthus annuus Common sunflower I 0 I 0 FAC- Cultivated and frequently escaped to vacant lots, roadsides and rubbish dumps. Helianthus decapetalus Thin-leaved sunflower N 3 N 4 FACU Fields, moist bottomlands, stream banks and roadsides. Helianthus divaricatus Rough sunflower N 6 N 6 N Dry, wooded slopes, shale barrens and roadsides. Helianthus giganteus Swamp sunflower N 4 N 2 FACW Swamps, ditches and wet fields. Helianthus grosseserratus Sawtooth sunflower I 0 N 4 FACW Fields, thickets and waste ground. Helianthus laetiflorus Showy sunflower I 0 N 5 N Old fields and stream banks. Helianthus maximilianii Maximilian's sunflower na I 0 Helianthus mollis Ashy sunflower I 0 N 5 N Clayey fields, shores, ballast and waste ground. Helianthus petiolaris Sunflower/ plains sunflower I 0 I 0 N Ballast, railroad tracks, rubbish dumps, wharves and vacant lots. Helianthus strumosus Rough-leaved sunflower/ paleleaved sunflower N 5 N 4 N Fields, woods, stream banks and roadsides. Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem artichoke I 0 N 3 FAC Cultivated and often naturalized in fields, woods and along railroad tracks and roads. Helictotrichon pubescens Hairy Oat na I 0 34 of 79 PA CC PA Rank 3 PE PX NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank N 5 SH SH.1 S2 S2 SX.1 S3 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Heliopsis helianthoides var scabra Ox-eye N 4 Heliotropium amplexicaule Clasping-leaved heliotrope Heliotropium curassavicum Seaside heliotrope Heliotropium europaeum European heliotrope I Helleborus viridus Green Hellebore Helonias bullata Swamp -pink Hemerocallis fulva Hemerocallis PA Rank NJ List NJ CC N 4 na I 0 na I 0 0 I 0 na 0 I 0 na 0 N 10 Orange day-lily I 0 I lilioasphodelus Yellow day-lily I 0 Hemianthus micranthemoides Nuttall's Mudwort Hemicarpha micrantha Common hemicarpha; Smallflowered halfchaff Sedge Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa Liverleaf/ Hepatica N Heracleum lanatum Cow-parsnip N Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed Herniaria glabra Rupturewort Hesperis matronalis Dame's-rocket I Wetlands Comments N Fields, woods, floodplains and stream banks. N Waste ground, cinders and ballast. 0 UPL Fields, roadsides, stream banks, floodplains and woods edges. I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to fields and roadsides. na N 5 SH na N 10 S1 5 N 9 N Rich woods. 3 N 2 FACU- Rich woods, wooded roadside banks, marshy flats, stream banks and ditches. na I 0 na I 0 I 0 N Low woods, wet meadows and roadside ditches. Heteranthera multiflora Bouquet Mud-plantain na Heteranthera reniformis Mud-plantain N N 5 N 7 Heterotheca subaxillaris Camphorweed na I 0 Heuchera americana Alum-root N N 10 Heuchera pubescens Alum-root N Hibiscus laevis Halberd-leaved rose-mallow N Hibiscus moscheutos Rose-mallow Hibiscus syriacus Hibiscus 0 4 NJ Rank S3 S2 NJ: tidal mudflats OBL Shallow water or muddy shores. N Rich woods, rocky slopes and shaly cliffs. na N Rocky woods, banks and shale barrens. 8 na OBL Alluvial shores and marshes, in shallow water. N 7 N OBL Swamps, marshes and ditches, in shallow water. Rose-of-sharon I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally spreading to empty lots or roadsides. trionum Flower-of-the-hour I 0 na N Cultivated fields, stream banks and dry, rocky ground. Hieracium aurantiacum Orange hawkweed I 0 I 0 N Abandoned fields, meadows and pastures. Hieracium caespitosum King-devil I 0 I 0 N Woods, fields and roadsides. Hieracium flagellare Hawkweed I 0 na N Weedy fields and roadsides. Hieracium floribundum Pale hawkweed na Hieracium gronovii Hawkweed/ hairy hawkweed N UPL Dry, open woods or thickets, usually in sandy soil. Hieracium gronovii x venosum Hawkweed N N Dry, open woods. Hieracium kalmii Canada hawkweed N 9 N Thickets, clearings and roadside banks. Hieracium lachenalii European hawkweed I 0 N Dry woods, grassy slopes, roadsides and lawns. Hieracium marianum Maryland hawkweed N/A Hieracium murorum Wall hawkweed I 0 Hieracium paniculatum Hawkweed/ panicled hawkweed N Hieracium pilosella Mouse-ear hawkweed Hieracium piloselloides Hieracium Hieracium 3 5 5 I 0 N 5 na N 7 I 0 N 5 I 0 N Rich, dry woods and shaded roadside banks. 5 N 8 N Dry, rocky or sandy woods or slopes. I 0 I 0 N Dry fields, pastures, roadsides and lawns. King-devil/ glaucous king devil I 0 I 0 N Dry fields, meadows and roadsides. sabaudum Hawkweed/ savoy hawkweed I 0 I 0 N Alluvium and waste ground. scabrum Hawkweed/ rough hawkweed N 3 N 7 N Dry, open ground of fields, clearings and woods edges. Hieracium venosum Rattlesnake-weed N 6 N 8 N Upland woods, wooded slopes and edges. Hierochloe odorata Sweet Grass na N 9 Holcus lanatus Velvetgrass I 0 I 0 FACU Meadows, old fields, river shores and roadsides. Holosteum umbellatum Jagged chickweed I 0 I 0 N Sandy railroad bank and waste ground. Honckenya peploides var robusta Sea beach sandwort na N 9 Hordeum jubatum Squirrel-tail Barley na N 0 Hordeum leporinum Wild Barley na I 0 Hordeum murinum Wall Barley na I 0 35 of 79 PU S1 SH NJ: road edges, fens, salt marsh S2 NJ: sand Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank Hordeum pusillum Little Barley na Hordeum vulgare Barley I 0 Hosta plantaginea Fragrant plantain-lily I 0 na Hosta ventricosa Blue plantain-lily I 0 I 0 Hottonia inflata Featherfoil na N 10 Houstonia caerulea Bluets N 4 N 3 Houstonia longifolia Long-leaved bluets/ Long-leaf Summer Bluets N 7 N 10 Houstonia purpurea var. purpurea Purple bluets N Hudsonia ericoides Golden heather na N 5 Hudsonia tomentosa Beach heather na N 8 Humulus japonicus Japanese hops I 0 I 0 FACU Meadows, roadsides and waste ground. Humulus lupuloides Brewer's hops N 2 N 0 N Moist alluvial soil, woods edges, thickets and waste ground. Humulus lupulus Brewer's hops N 2 I 0 Humulus lupulus var lupuloides Brewer's hops N 2 N 0 N Moist alluvial soil, woods edges, thickets and waste ground. Huperzia lucidula Shining firmoss/shining clubmoss N 6 N 10 FACW- Cool, moist woods in humus-rich soils. Hybanthus concolor Green-violet N 8 N 10 FACU- Rich woods and wooded slopes. Hydrangea arborescens Sevenbark N 7 N 9 FACU Rich woods, slopes and stream banks. Hydrangea paniculata Peegee hydrangea I 0 na FAC Cultivated and occasionally persisting at abandoned home sites or waste ground. Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal N 6 N N Moist, rich woods. Declining due to over-collection. Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla I 0 na OBL Shallow water of rivers Hydrocotyle americana Marsh pennywort N 7 N 5 OBL Swampy thickets, boggy fields, wet woods and lake margins. Hydrocotyle prolifera Canby's marsh pennywort na N 10 S1 Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Floating pennywort N 7 N 10 S1 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lawn pennywort I 0 I Hydrocotyle umbellata Water pennywort/ many flowered marsh pennywort N Hydrocotyle verticillata Whorled marsh pennywort na Hydrophyllum canadense Canadian waterleaf N Hydrophyllum virginianum Virginia waterleaf N Hyoscyamus niger Henbane Hypericum adpressum Creeping Saint john's-wort Hypericum boreale Dwarf St.John's-wort; northern st.john's wort N Hypericum canadense Canadian St.John's-wort Hypericum densiflorum Hypericum Hypericum PU NJ List NJ CC I 0 I 0 NJ Rank Comments N Cultivated and occasionally persisting on the edges of fields. N Cultivated and rarely escaped. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to moist woods and roadsides. FACU Meadows, open woods and edges.NJ:lawns N Dry sandy fields, shale barrens, dry wooded slopes and roadside banks. N Open woods and roadsides.NJ: Rocky woods S1 SH N 10 Wetlands NJ: Beach S1 S1 NJ: wet OBL Shallow water, moist shores and wet meadows. 0 N An occasional weed of shady lawns. N 8 OBL Shallow water and muddy shores. N 6 S2 8 N 10 S1 6 N 9 na I 0 na N 10 7 N 7 OBL Open peat of bog edges, also swampy hummocks and wet meadows. N 5 N 3 FACW Sandy river banks, moist ground with sphagnum, low thickets and swales. Bushy St.John's-wort N 10 PR N 8 FAC+ Rocky river banks, swampy meadows and sphagnum bogs.NJ: Pinelands denticulatum Coppery St. John's wort na N 8 dissimulatum St.John's-wort; disguised st. john's wort N 8 PW Hypericum ellipticum Pale St. John's-wort N Hypericum gentianoides Orange-grass N Hypericum gymnanthum Clasping-leaved st. john's wort Hypericum hypericoides ssp hypericoides Upright St. Andrew's cross Hypericum hypericoides ssp multicale Hypericum hypericoides var hypericoides Hypericum hypericoides var multicale Hypericum majus Upright St. Andrew's cross Large canada st. john's wort 10 N 2 na N 10 na N 7 na N 7 na N 7 na N 7 na N 10 36 of 79 4 N Rocky, wooded slopes, ravines and moist woods. FAC Moist woods, thickets and stream banks. S2 NJ: Coastal plains ponds, swamp, wet woods. NJ: Streams, roadside ditches na N NJ: South tidal areas, pond edges, swamps. S3 FACW Moist, sandy or peaty soil. OBL Sandy river banks, stream borders, marshes, boggy areas and swales. UPL Abandoned fields, dry hillsides, barrens and open shale slopes. S1 S1 NJ: Calcareous wet meadows Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Hypericum mutilum Dwarf St. John's-wort N Hypericum perforatum St. John's-wort Hypericum prolificum Hypericum PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 2 N I 0 Shrubby St. John's-wort N punctatum Spotted St. John's-wort Hypericum pyramidatum Hypericum Hypericum NJ Rank Wetlands Comments 3 FACW River banks, moist fields, swamps and ditches. I 0 N Fields, roadsides and waste places. 7 N 3 FACU Low fields, swamps and thickets.NJ:north jersey dry N 2 N 1 FAC- Moist fields, floodplains, thickets and roadsides. Great St. John's-wort N 8 N 10 FAC Alluvial shores, rocky banks, swamps.NJ: calcareous stans St. Peter's wort na N 5 stragulum St. Andrew's-cross N 8 N 7 N Open woods, banks, thickets and serpentine barrens, in dry sandy soil. Hypochoeris radicata Cat's-ear I 0 I 0 N Lawns, roadsides and urban waste ground. Hypoxis hirsuta Yellow star-grass N 5 N 6 FAC Dry, open woods and meadows. Hyssopus officinalis Hyssop na 0 I 0 Iberis umbellata Candytuft I 0 na N Cultivated and rarely escaped. Ilex crenata Japanese Holly I 0 na N Escaped from cultivation to disturbed wooded areas Ilex glabra Inkberry na Ilex laevigata Smooth winterberry N OBL Wooded swamps, wet thickets and shores. Ilex montana Mountain holly/ Large-leaf Holly N N Rocky, acidic woods and slopes.NJ: streamside Ilex opaca American holly N Ilex verticillata Winterberry Impatiens balsamina Impatiens S1 S3 N 5 N 7 N 10 5 N 4 FACU Moist, alluvial woods and wooded slopes, also cultivated and frequently escaped. N 4 N 5 FACW+ Swamps, bogs, moist woods and wet shores. Garden balsam I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to waste places and old fields. capensis Jewelweed; spotted touch-me-not N 2 N 2 FACW Moist meadows, swamps and stream banks. Impatiens pallida Pale jewelweed; pale touch-menot N 3 N 3 FACW Swamps, moist woods and stream banks. Inula graveolens Stink aster I 0 I 0 Inula helenium Elecampane I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in pastures, roadsides and waste ground. Ionactis linariifolius Stiff-leaved aster N 8 N 8 N Dry, rocky woods or edges. Ipomoea coccinea Red morning-glory I 0 I 0 FACU Roadsides, waste places, fencerows and old fields. Ipomoea hederacea Ivy-leaved morning-glory I 0 I 0 FACU Cultivated fields, gardens, shale barrens and ballast. Ipomoea lacunosa White morning-glory N 1 I 0 FACW Fields, riverbanks, railroad sidings and rubbish dumps. Ipomoea pandurata Man-of-the-earth N 4 I 0 FACU Calcareous uplands, thickets and roadsides. Ipomoea purpurea Common morning-glory I 0 I 0 UPL Cultivated and occasionally escaped to hillsides, fields and roadsides. Ipomoea quamoclit Cypress-vine I 0 na UPL Gardens, streets and waste ground. Iris cristata Dwarf crested iris N 10 na N Wooded slopes and stream banks. Iris germanica Bearded iris I 0 Iris prismatica Slender blue flag N 9 Iris pseudacorus Water flag I 0 Iris verna var. smalliana Dwarf iris N 10 Iris versicolor Northern blue flag N 7 Isanthus brachiatus False Pennyroyal na Isatis tinctoria Dyer's Woad I Isoetes acadiensis Isoetes eatoni Eaton's quillwort Isoetes engelmannii Engelmann's quillwort N Isoetes lacustris Deep-water quillwort Isoetes melanopoda Black-footed quillwort 7 PW PE PE PE S1 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally persisting at abandoned homesites or gardens. N 8 OBL Moist meadows and sandy or gravelly shores./ NJ: Pinelands. I 0 OBL Marshes, shallow water or wet shores. N Dry to moist, acidic, sandy soils. OBL Wet meadows, bogs and marshes. na N 5 N 10 I 0 na N 10 na N 10 N 5 na N 10 S1.1 na N 10 SH 37 of 79 0 7 S1 NJ: Wet limestone glades. OBL Shallow water of lakes, ponds, slow-moving streams, and river shores. NJ: Bog Genus Epithet Common Name PA List Isoetes riparia var amseii Isoetes riparia var riparia Shore quillwort/ riverbank quillwort N Isoetes tenella Spiny-spored quillwort Isoetes tuckermanii Tuckerman's quillwort Isoetes valida Isotria PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC N 7 N 7 na N 10 na N 10 SH.1 Carolina quillwort N na medeoloides Small whorled-pogonia N 7 N 10 S1 Isotria verticillata Whorled-pogonia N 7 N 8 Itea virginica Virginia Willow na N 8 Iva frutescens Marsh elder na N 6 Iva xanthifolia burweed na I 0 Ixeris stolonifera Creeping lettuce I 0 na Jasione montana Sheep's-bit I 0 I 0 Jeffersonia diphylla Twinleaf N N 10 Juglans cinerea Butternut N 3 N 10 Juglans nigra Black walnut N 2 N Juncus acuminatus Sharp-fruited rush N 4 N Juncus arcticus var. littoralis Baltic rush N Juncus articulatus Jointed rush N 7 Juncus biflorus Grass rush N 6 Juncus brachycarpus Short-fruited rush Juncus brachycephalus Small-headed rush Juncus brevicaudatus Juncus na 9 NJ Rank Wetlands Comments S3 OBL Shallow water of slow-moving rivers and streams, also intertidal mudflats. OBL swamp, pond FACU Dry, open deciduous woods on acidic soils. FACU Dry to moist, moderately acidic woods. Water edge. NJ: wetland and streamedges N Lawns, gardens and nursery beds. N Moist, usually calcareous, woods. FACU+ Lowland woods and rich, wooded hillsides.NJ: Floodplains. 2 FACU Open woods and meadows in moist, rich, alluvial soils. 4 OBL Wet meadows, swamps, marshes and stream banks. FACW+ Calcareous swamps and shores. OBL Bogs, swamps, swales and mud flats. FACW Moist, open woods, boggy fields, gravel pits and ditches. S1 na N 10 N 5 N N 10 S1 FACW Damp pasture. N N 10 S3 OBL Muddy or sandy calcareous shores, clayey seeps and springy or boggy fields. Narrow-panicled Rush na N 10 S2 bufonius Toad rush N N 0 Juncus caesariensis New Jersey Rush na N 8 Juncus canadensis Canada rush N N 2 Juncus coriaceus Awl-leaved Rush na N 10 Juncus debilis Weak Rush na N 7 Juncus dichotomus Forked rush N N 3 Juncus diffusissimus Slimpod rush I I 0 Juncus dudleyi Dudley's Rush N N 8 Juncus effusus Common rush na N 1 Juncus effusus var. pylaei Soft rush N 2 Juncus effusus var. solutus Soft rush N 2 Juncus elliottii Elliott's Rush na Juncus filiformis Thread Rush Juncus gerardii Blackfoot rush I Juncus greenei Greene's Rush na Juncus inflexus Hard rush n/a Juncus marginatus var. marginatus Grass-leaved rush N Juncus militaris Bayonet rush Juncus nodosus Knotted rush Juncus pelocarpus Brown-fruited rush na Juncus scirpoides Sedge rush N 7 Juncus secundus Rush N Juncus subcaudatus Rush N 2 5 0 PT S2 NJ: Marshes. wet meadows, northern marl fens. FACW S2 Muddy river banks, moist roadside ditches and other low ground. NJ: Savannahs, swamp, marsh, powerline OBL S1 Swamps, marshes, bogs, river banks, ponds and swales. NJ: Cape May NJ: Pine barrens FACW- Moist, sandy old fields, open woods and gravel pits. FACW Moist, sandy waste ground N Wet fields, river banks, swales and ditches. NJ: Delaware na FACW+ Swamps, moist fields, floodplains, shores and ditches. na OBL Swamps, wet meadows, moist woods, shores and thickets. FACW+ Ballast, waste ground and moist roadsides, especially where deicing salts are used. N 5 S3 SH.1 N N 6 N 6 I 0 N 4 na N 10 N N 5 N 5 N 6 FACW Moist, sandy or peaty soil. 6 N 6 FACU Upland slopes, rocky ledges, serpentine barrens and roadside banks. 7 N 10 OBL Swamps, wet fields, ditches, swales and bogs. 38 of 79 0 3 S2 NJ: wet acid sand, woods edges, out of pitchpine into fields FACW Moist fields, ditches, swamps and roadsides. NJ: Rivers, Pine barrens. OBL Moist fields, bogs, marshes, shores and swales; often on calcareous substrates. NJ: Acid, Savannah. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Juncus tenuis var. tenuis Path rush N 1 Juncus torreyi Torrey's rush na Juncus validus Vigorous rush na Juniperus communis var depressa Common juniper/ Dwarf Juniper N 7 Juniperus virginiana Eastern red-cedar N Justicia americana Water-willow Kalmia angustifolia Kalmia latifolia Kalmia Kalopanax PA Rank NJ List NJ CC N 1 N 0 I 0 N 8 2 N N 9 Sheep laurel N Mountain laurel N polifolia Bog Laurel/ Pale Laurel na pictus Castor-aralia I 0 na Kickxia elatine Cancerwort/ Canker-root I 0 I 0 Kickxia spuria Round-leaved toadflax na 0 I 0 Knautia arvensis Bluebutton I 0 I Kochia scoparia Belvedere; summer cypress I 0 I Koelreuteria paniculata Golden rain-tree I 0 na Krigia biflora Dwarf dandelion/ two-flowered cynthia N 5 N Krigia virginica Dwarf dandelion N 6 Krigia dandelion Potato dandelion Kuhnia eupatorioides False boneset Kummerowia stipulacea Korean-lespedeza I Kummerowia striata Japanese clover I Lachnanthes caroliniana Redroot na Lactuca biennis Blue lettuce N 1 Lactuca canadensis var. canadensis Wild lettuce N Lactuca canadensis var. latifolia Wild lettuce Lactuca canadensis var. longifolia Lactuca PE NJ Rank Wetlands Comments FAC- Moist to dry, often heavily compacted soil of woods, fields, waste ground and paths. S1 S3 NJ: Liberty State Park, gravel pits, vacant lots. N Dry slopes or pastures.NJ:open woods 2 FACU Old fields, serpentine barrens and other moist to dry, sterile soils. N 9 OBL Marshy shorelines of lakes and rivers, in shallow water. 8 N 5 FAC Moist, acidic woods and bogs. 6 N 7 FACU Dry to moist, acidic woods and slopes. N 10 N Cultivated and escaped to disturbed forests. FAC Rocky slopes, waste ground and ballast. 0 N Fields and roadsides. 0 UPL Garden escape, waste ground. N Cultivated, seedlings occasionally becoming established in waste ground or along roadsides. 3 FACW Fields, meadows, woods and sandy banks. N 6 UPL Dry, rocky slopes and shale barrens. na N 10 SH.1 na N 10 S1 0 I 0 FACU Dry, open soil of pastures, roadsides and waste ground, planted for erosion control. 0 I 0 FACU Fields, railroad banks, waste ground and shale barrens. N 4 N 3 FACU Woods, stream banks, roadsides and vacant lots in moist, open soil. 1 N 2 FACU- Meadows, fields, rocky hillsides and roadside banks. N 1 na FACU- Woods, wooded slopes, thickets and roadsides. Wild lettuce N 1 na FACU- Fields, woods, moist thickets, sandy barrens and roadsides. canadensis var. obovata Wild lettuce N 1 na FACU- Old fields, meadows, woods and roadside banks. Lactuca floridana var. floridana Woodland lettuce/ florida lettuce N 3 N 5 FACU- Rich, wooded slopes, meadows and roadsides. Lactuca floridana var. villosa Woodland lettuce N N 5 FACU- Rich woods and roadsides. Lactuca graminifolia Grass-leaved lettuce na N 10 SH.1 Lactuca graminifolia var graminifolia Grass-leaved lettuce na N 10 S1 Lactuca hirsuta var hirsuta Hairy lettuce na N 9 Lactuca hirsuta var. sanguinea Downy lettuce/ Red-stem Hairy Lettuce N N 9 Lactuca saligna Willow-leaf lettuce I 0 I Lactuca serriola Prickly lettuce I 0 Lamiastrum galeobdolon Yellow archangel I Lamium album Snowflake I Lamium amplexicaule Henbit Lamium maculatum Lamium S1 NJ: Cranberry bogs, savannah. NJ: Dry open ground, Pine barrens N Dry, open woods, thickets and rocky ledges. 0 UPL Woods, fields, strip mine areas, roadsides and a limestone quarry. I 0 FAC- Fields, woods, strip mines, roadsides and dumps. 0 na 0 N naturalized on rich moist slope 0 I 0 N Moist thickets. I 0 I 0 N Wooded slopes, fields, roadsides, fencerows and shale barrens. Spotted dead-nettle I 0 I 0 N Wooded slopes and floodplains, cultivated fields, roadsides and waste ground. purpureum Purple dead-nettle I 0 I 0 N Wooded slopes, fields and roadsides. Laportea canadensis Wood-nettle N 4 N 6 FAC Low, moist woods and stream banks. Lappula squarrosa Beggar's-lice; european stickseed I 0 I 0 N Railroad ballast and cinders. Lapsana communis Nipplewort I 0 I 0 N Moist woods, roadsides, waste ground and ballast. Larix decidua European larch I 0 I 0 N Forest plantations. 39 of 79 S3 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Larix laricina American larch N 10 Lathyrus hirsutus Hairy Vetchling na Lathyrus japonicus var maritimus Smooth Beach pea N Lathyrus japonicus var pellitis N Lathyrus latifolius Perennial sweetpea I Lathyrus maritimus Beach Pea Lathyrus ochroleucus Pale Vetchling/ Cream Vetchling Lathyrus palustris Lathyrus Lathyrus NJ List NJ CC N 10 I 0 10 N 10 10 N 10 0 I 0 na N 10 na N 5 Marsh pea N N 5 pratensis Meadow Vetchling na I 0 tuberosus Field pea N I 0 Lathyrus venosus Veiny pea/ Veiny Vetchling N N 5 Lechea intermedia var. intermedia Pinweed; large-fruited pinweed N N 10 Lechea maritima Beach pinweed na N 8 Lechea minor Thyme-leaved pinweed N N 7 Lechea mucronata Hairy pinweed na N 5 Lechea pulchella Pinweed; Leggett's pinweed N 6 N 6 N Dry open woods, sandy fields and barrens. NJ: Pine Barrens. Lechea racemulosa Pinweed; oblong-fruited pinweed N 7 N 7 N Dry fields and shaly slopes.NJ: Pine Barrens. Lechea tenuifolia Narrow-leaved pinweed na N 10 Lechea villosa Pinweed N N Dry slopes, open woods and sand plains. Ledum groenlandicum Labrador Tea na N 10 Leersia oryzoides Rice cutgrass N 2 N 3 OBL Marshes, bogs or wet meadows. Leersia virginica Cutgrass/White grass N 2 N 3 FACW Swamps or moist woods. Leiophyllum buxifolium Sand Myrtle na N 9 Lemna minor Duckweed N N 2 OBL Still water of lakes, ponds, streams, swamps and ditches. Lemna perpusilla Duckweed/ Minute Duckweed N N 5 S1 OBL Ponds, bogs and marshes. Lemna trisulca Star duckweed N N 8 S3 OBL Lakes, ponds, bogs, swamps, marshes and streams.NJ: Calcareous ponds. Lemna valdiviana Pale duckweed na N 10 S1 Lens esculentus Lentil na I 0 Leontodon autumnalis Fall-dandelion I 0 I 0 N Lawns, roadsides, waste ground and ballast. Leontodon taraxacoides Hawkbit I 0 I 0 FACU Lawns, grassy banks, dry yards, rubbish dumps and ballast. Leonurus cardiaca Common motherwort I 0 I 0 N Woods, stream banks, fields, roadsides and railroad cinders. Leonurus marrubiastrum Motherwort I 0 I 0 N Old fields, roadsides and vacant lots. Lepedium sativum garden cress na I 0 Lepidium campestre Fieldcress; cow cress I 0 I 0 N Fields and waste ground. Lepidium densiflorum Wild pepper-grass; prairie pepper grass I 0 I 0 FAC Waste ground and roadsides in dry to moist soil. Lepidium heterophyllum Pepper-grass I 0 na N Ballast. Lepidium perfoliatum Pepper-grass I 0 na N Waste ground. Lepidium ruderale Stinking pepper grass I 0 I 0 Lepidium virginicum Poor-man's-pepper; pepper grass N 0 N 0 FACU- Roadsides and waste ground, in dry, open soil. Leptochloa fascicularis var. acuminata Sprangletop na N 0 Leptochloa fascicularis var. maritima Sprangletop/Long-awned Leptochloa I 0 N 5 Leptoloma cognatum Fall witchgrass N 4 N Lespedeza angustifolia Narrow-leaved bush-clover N 9 N Lespedeza bicolor Bicolor Bush-clover na Lespedeza capitata Round-headed bush-clover N Lespedeza capitata x virginica Lespedeza N Lespedeza cuneata Bush-clover Lespedeza hirta Bush-clover 8 8 2 7 PA Rank PU PW NJ Rank Wetlands Comments NJ: fens and bogs SH NJ: Cape May N Waste ground, old fields, roadsides and disturbed places. FACW+ Shores, moist meadows, sand plains, swamps and thickets. N Fields, meadows, roadsides and alluvium. SH FACW Sandy or rocky shores, wooded slopes and railroad banks. S2 N Dry, sandy fields and dry ridges. NJ: North. SH NJ: Brackish. N Rocky woods, slopes and serpentine barrens, in dry, sandy soil. NJ: Pine barrens. S1 syn S1 Industrial salty land S2 FACW Pond edge, open area; shallow margin of reservoir. NJ: Brackish marsh. 3 N Sandy, open ground. 5 FAC Moist, open, sandy soil of an abandoned gravel pit.NJ: Pine barrens road edges. FACU- Fields and thin woods in dry, open ground. I 0 6 N 2 N Dry, sandy woods. I 0 I 0 N Fields and grassy roadsides, planted for erosion control. N 6 N 2 N Dry, open soils. 40 of 79 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List Lespedeza hirta x intermedia Nuttall's bush-clover N Lespedeza intermedia Bush-clover N 4 N Lespedeza procumbens Trailing bush-clover N 4 Lespedeza repens Creeping bush-clover N 4 Lespedeza stipulacea Korean Bush-clover Lespedeza striata Japanese Bush-clover Lespedeza stuevei Tall bush-clover/ Stueve's Downey Bush Clover N Lespedeza thunbergii Thunberg's bush-clover Lespedeza violacea var intermedia Slender bush-clover Lespedeza virginica Lespedeza Lespedeza NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments N Dry, open woods and edges, on sandy soils. 2 N Dry, open, rocky woods and thickets. N 5 N Dry woods, fields or roadsides, in sandy or rocky soils. N 7 N Woods, banks or edges in dry, sterile, acidic soils. na I 0 na I 0 9 N 8 N Dry, open woods and edges in sterile soil. I 0 I 0 N Dry fields and open woods. N 6 N 2 N Dry upland woods, thickets and openings. Slender bush-clover N 5 N 5 N Dry fields, stony banks, and serpentine barrens. x brittonii Britton's Bush-clover na N 5 x nuttallii Nuttall's Bush-clover na N Lespedeza x procumbens Bush-clover N 4 na Leucospora multifida Narrowleaf paleseed I 0 na Leucothoe racemosa Fetter-bush N 8 N Leucothoe walteri Mountain dog-laurel I 0 na Liatris pilosa Grass-leaved blazing star na Liatris pycnostachya Prairie blazing star na Liatris scariosa var novae-angliae Northern blazing-star N 9 Liatris spicata Blazing-star N Ligustrum amurense Amur privet Ligustrum obtusifolium Ligustrum na S2 N 6 OBL Waste ground and ballast. FACW Moist, acidic woods. N Moist woods. UPL Dry woods, shaly slopes and barrens.NJ: Sandy openings. FAC+ Moist fields, fencerows and roadsides. N Cultivated and rarely spreading to thickets or rubbish dumps. N 5 I 0 N 5 8 N 8 I 0 na Obtuse-leaved privet I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and frequently naturalized in disturbed woods, thickets, hedgerows and old fields. ovalifolium California privet I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides and thickets. Ligustrum sinense Chinese Privet na 0 I 0 Ligustrum vulgare Common privet I 0 I 0 FACU Cultivated and frequently escaped to roadside banks, woods edges and waste ground. Lilaeopsis chinensis Lilaeopsis na N 7 Lilium canadense ssp. canadense Canada lily N Lilium canadense ssp. editorum Canada lily N Lilium lancifolium Tiger lily I 0 I 0 Lilium philadelphicum Wood lily N 8 N 9 Lilium superbum Turk's-cap lily N 7 N 8 Limnobium spongia American Frog's bit na N 8 Limosella subulata Mudwort/ Awn-leaf Mudwort na N 5 Linaria canadensis Old-field toadflax/ Blue Toadflax N 7 N 2 Linaria genistifolia ssp. dalmatica Toadflax I 0 na Linaria repens Striped Toadflax na I 0 Linaria vulgaris Butter-and-eggs I 0 I Lindera benzoin Spicebush N 2 Lindernia dubia var. anagallidea False pimpernel/ Long-stalked False Pimpernel N Lindernia dubia var. dubia False pimpernel N Lindernia dubia var. inundata False pimpernel N Linnaea borealis Twinflower na Linum catharticum White Flax na Linum intercursum Sandplain wild flax N 8 Linum medium var. texanum Yellow flax N 4 41 of 79 6 SH NJ: Tidal marshes 7 na S3 FAC+ Wet meadows, moist woods and thickets. FAC+ Woods, swamps, bogs and stream banks. N Roadsides and railroad banks, garden escape. FACU+ Dry, open woods and barrens. FACW+ Moist meadows, low woods and swales in sandy-peaty soils. NJ: Mud. S1 NJ: Wet. N River banks, sandy fields, serpentine barrens and railroad embankments. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to railroad banks and roadsides. 0 N Fields, roadsides, shale barrens, railroad tracks and waste ground. N 5 FACW- A common component of moist, rich woods. 6 N 2 OBL Moist meadows, stream banks, swampy thickets and ditches. 3 N 1 OBL Swamps and muddy shores. 6 OBL Wet shores and tidal mudflats. N Moist, clayey, open thickets and serpentine barrens. FACU Moist to dry, sandy fields, open thickets or woodland openings. N 10 I 0 N 7 N 3 SH S1 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Linum striatum Ridged yellow flax N Linum sulcatum Grooved yellow flax Linum usitatissimum Common flax Linum virginianum Liparis Liparis PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 5 N 4 N 10 N 10 I 0 I 0 Slender yellow flax N 7 N liliifolia Lily-leaved twayblade N 6 loeselii Yellow twayblade N 8 Lipocarpha maculata American lipocarpha na Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum N 5 Liriodendron tulipifera Tuliptree N Listera australis Southern twayblade N Listera cordata Heart-leaved Twayblade Listera smallii Small's Twayblade/ Appalachian Twayblade Lithospermum arvense Corn gromwell na Lithospermum canescens Hoary puccoon N 10 Wetlands Comments FACW Moist meadows and wet, open woods. N Sandy barrens. N Ballast, railroad banks and roadsides. 5 FACU Dry, open woods, old fields or shaly slopes. N 6 FACU- Rich, rocky woods and slopes. N 6 FACW Bogs, fens, wet meadows and cool ravines, especially on calcareous soils. I 0 N 1 FAC Low, wet, coastal plain woods. 2 N 5 FACU A common forest tree of rich woods. 9 N 7 S2 FACW Bog edges, in sphagnum./NJ: Wood edges. na N 10 S1 NJ: Hemlock woods na N 10 S1.1 NJ: Hemlock woods. I 0 N 10 Lithospermum officinale Gromwell I 0 Lobelia boykinii Boykin's lobelia na I 0 N Lobelia canbyi Canby's lobelia na 9 S1 N 8 S3 Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal-flower N 6 N 5 Lobelia chinensis Chinese lobelia I Lobelia dortmanna Water lobelia na 0 na Lobelia inflata Indian-tobacco N 0 Lobelia kalmii Brook lobelia; kalm's lobelia N 9 Lobelia nuttallii Nuttall's lobelia N Lobelia puberula Downy lobelia Lobelia siphilitica Lobelia PU NJ Rank S1 SX N River bluffs, dry rocky hillsides and barrens. NJ: Water, field, ditches, cranberry bogs FACW+ Wet meadows, swamps, ditches, stream banks and lake shores. N 5 N 2 FACU Woods, old fields, meadows and roadsides. N 10 OBL Calcareous swamps, moist pastures and fens. 10 N 3 FACW Low woods, moist, sandy or peaty thickets and wet meadows. N 7 N 5 FACW- Moist, sandy soil of old fields, gravel pits and serpentine barrens. Great blue lobelia N 5 N 4 FACW+ Swamps, moist meadows, stream banks and ditches. spicata var. campanulata Spiked lobelia N na FAC Open woods, cedar glades and dry slopes. Lobelia spicata var. scaposa Spiked lobelia N na FAC- Wooded slopes, shale barrens and moist meadows. Lobelia spicata var. spicata Spiked lobelia N 6 N 3 FAC- Dry ground of fields and woods. Lobularia maritima Sweet alyssum I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and rarely escaped to waste ground. Lolium multiflorum Ryegrass I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. Lolium perenne Perennial ryegrass I 0 I 0 FACU- Cultivated and frequently escaped. Lolium perenne var.aristatum Italian Rye-grass na I 0 Lolium temulentum Darnel I 0 na N Waste ground and ballast. Lonicera canadensis Fly honeysuckle N 9 N 10 FACU Cool woods, ravines and rocky slopes. Lonicera caprifolium Italian honeysuckle na I 0 Lonicera dioica var. dioica Mountain honeysuckle N 8 na FACU Moist cliffs, rocky wooded banks and thickets. Lonicera fragrantissima Fragrant honeysuckle I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to wooded slopes, thickets and rubbish dumps. Lonicera japonica var. chinensis Japanese honeysuckle I 0 I 0 FAC- Rocky, wooded slopes and moist, bottomland thickets. Lonicera japonica var. japonica Japanese honeysuckle I 0 I 0 FAC- Disturbed woods, fields, thickets, banks and roadsides. Lonicera maackii Amur honeysuckle I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and frequently naturalized in disturbed woods, thickets, old fields and roadsides. Lonicera morrowii Morrow's honeysuckle I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and frequently naturalized in disturbed woods, old fields, roadsides and thickets. Lonicera oblongifolia Swamp fly honeysuckle N OBL Bogs and swamps. Lonicera sempervirens Trumpet honeysuckle N FACU Fencerows, thickets and roadsides. 42 of 79 PE na 5 N 3 SH S1 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank Lonicera standishii Honeysuckle I 0 na Lonicera tatarica Tartarian honeysuckle I 0 I Lonicera xylosteum European fly-honeysuckle I 0 na Lophiola aurea Goldcrest na N 10 Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot trefoil I 0 I 0 Ludwigia alternifolia False loosestrife/Seedbox N 4 N 3 Ludwigia brevipes Tucker's Island Water Purslane na N 10 Ludwigia decurrens Upright primrose-willow N Ludwigia hexapetala Water-primrose I Ludwigia hirtella Hairy Water Primrose na N 9 S2 Ludwigia linearis Narrow-leaved Water Primrose na N 10 S2 Ludwigia palustris Marsh-purslane N 3 N 1 OBL Swamps, moist meadows, muddy shores, stream banks and ditches. Ludwigia peploides ssp. glabrescens Primrose-willow/ Creeping water primrose N 1 3 OBL Shallow water or silty, muddy shores.NJ: SW, standing water. Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Round-pod Water Primrose na Lunaria annua Honesty; money plant I 0 Lupinus perennis var perennis Blue lupine/ Sundial Lupine N 8 Lupinus perennis var.occidentalis Hairy Sundial Lupine na Luzula acuminata var. acuminata Hairy woodrush N 7 Luzula bulbosa Woodrush N 7 Luzula echinata Common woodrush N Luzula multiflora Field woodrush Lychnis coronaria Rose-campion; mullein pink Lychnis flos-cuculi Lycium barbarum Lycium Lycopersicon 0 NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to wooded slopes and edges. FACU Cultivated and frequently escaped to disturbed or waste ground, woods edges and roadsides. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadside thickets and stream banks. FACU- Planted along roadsides and other disturbed sites. FACW+ Swampy fields and wet woods. na OBL Sandy, alluvial beach. na OBL Moist shores or shallow water along streams and canals. 0 SX.1 NJ:Swales, savannah N 6 I 0 N 5 S3 N 5 S2 N 9 FAC Swampy woods and floodplains. N 9 FACU Fields, woods borders and roadsides. 3 N 7 FACU Moist, rocky woods and wet meadows. N 3 N 6 FACU Woods, swamps and floodplains. I 0 I 0 N Pastures, fields, cemeteries and dumps. Ragged-robin I 0 I 0 FACU Fields, pastures and roadsides. Matrimony-vine I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized on roadsides or river banks. chinense Chinese matrimory-vine I 0 na N Waste places and roadsides. esculentum Tomato I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally occurring on alluvial shores, railroad banks or rubbish dumps. Lycopodiella alopecuroides Foxtail clubmoss na N 4 Lycopodiella appressa Appressed bog clubmoss/southern bog clubmoss N N 4 Lycopodiella inundata Northern bog clubmoss N N 5 Lycopodium annotinum Bristly clubmoss/stiff clubmoss N N 10 Lycopodium clavatum var. clavatum Common clubmoss/running pine N 7 N Lycopodium dendroideum Round-branch ground-pine/ Northern Tree clubmoss N 6 Lycopodium hickeyi Hickey's ground-pine N Lycopodium obscurum Flat-branched ground-pine/ tree clubmoss N Lycopus americanus var longii Water-horehound N Lycopus amplectens Clasping-leaved water-horehound na Lycopus europaeus European water-horehound I 0 Lycopus rubellus Gypsy-wort/ Stalked Water Horehound N Lycopus uniflorus Bugleweed N Lycopus uniflorus x virginicus Water-horehound N Lycopus virginicus Bugleweed N 43 of 79 8 PR PE NJ: Ponds, lakes, Coastal plains. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides and waste ground. N Alluvial sand and gravel bars, open fields, woods edges and roadsides in sandy soils.NJ: Throughout, open edges. NJ: Northern. NJ: Sea level fens,wetlands FACW+ Moist, acidic soil on or near the Coastal Plain. S2 OBL Sphagnum bogs and moist, acidic soils. S1 FAC Cool, moist, coniferous forests in acidic soils. 4 FAC Open woods, bog margins, or rocky barrens, in acidic or subacidic soils. N 8 FACU Bogs and barrens, in moist, acidic soils. 7 N 8 FACU Moist woods or marshes. 5 N 4 FACU Moist to dry woods, in acidic to subacidic soils. 4 N 4 OBL Shaded hillsides, fields, moist thickets, wet ditches and swamps. N 5 I 0 8 N 5 5 N 4 na 3 N 4 S1S2 S2S3 Wet S2 OBL Canal banks and moist waste ground. OBL Bogs, river banks, pond margins and wet ditches. OBL Swampy meadows, bogs, lake margins and floodplains. OBL Stream banks, swamps, canal or pond edges and moist thickets. OBL Moist woods, stream banks, swamps and wet ditches. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Lygodium palmatum Climbing fern N 9 Lyonia ligustrina Maleberry N 7 Lyonia mariana Staggerbush N 8 Lysimachia ciliata Fringed loosestrife N Lysimachia clethroides Loosestrife Lysimachia hybrida Lysimachia NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments N 9 S2 FACW Moist, sandy-peaty thickets and edges, in acidic soils.NJ: Floodplain. N 6 FACW Moist woods and swamps. N 4 FAC- Dry slopes and barrens. 3 N 2 FACW Low, moist ground of fields, stream banks and swamp edges. I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally spreading from gardens. Lance-leaved loosestrife N 7 N 8 S3 OBL Swamps, wet meadows, fens and pond margins. lanceolata Loosestrife/ Lance-leaved Loosestrife N 8 N 8 S1 FAC Moist fields, stream banks and sandy or rocky shores. Lysimachia nummularia Creeping-charlie/ Moneywort I 0 I 0 FACW- Lawns, meadows, wet woods and floodplains. Lysimachia producta Loosestrife N 7 I 0 N Open thickets and moist bottomland. Lysimachia punctata Spotted loosestrife I 0 I 0 OBL Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in wet meadows or roadsides. Lysimachia quadrifolia Whorled loosestrife N 5 N 3 FACU- Dry, open woods. Lysimachia terrestris Swamp-candles/ Swamp Loosestrife N 8 N 3 OBL Swamps and bogs. Lysimachia thrysiflora Tufted Loosestrife na N 8 Lysimachia vulgaris Garden loosestrife I 0 I 0 FAC+ Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in swales or moist shores. Lythrum alatum var alatum Winged loosestrife N 10 N 5 S3 FACW+ Swamps, wet meadows, marshy shorelines and ditches. Lythrum hyssopifolia Hyssop loosestrife I 0 OBL Moist roadside ditches. Lythrum lineare Narrow-leaved Loosestrife na N 9 S3 Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife I 0 I 0 FACW+ Swamps, wet meadows and shores. Macleaya cordata Plume-poppy I 0 na N Railroad banks, waste ground and cultivated areas. Maclura pomifera Osage-orange I 0 I 0 UPL Roadsides, fencerows and abandoned pastures. Magnolia acuminata Cucumber-tree I 0 I 0 N Rich upland woods and slopes. Magnolia kobus Kobus magnolia I 0 na N Deciduous tree to 10 m tall w pubescent winter buds Magnolia tripetala Umbrella-tree I 0 PR N 5 FACU Rich wooded slopes and floodplains. Magnolia virginiana Sweet-bay magnolia N 8 PT N 5 FACW+ Moist woods and swamps, in sandy, peaty soils. Maianthemum canadense var interius Western False Lily of the Valley na N 10 FAC- Open timber Maianthemum canadensis var canadensis Canada mayflower N N 4 FAC- NJ: Moist woods, beech forests, mesic marshes. Maianthemum racemosum False Solomon's Seal na N 5 Maianthemum stellatum Starry False Solomon's Seal na N 7 Maianthemum trifolium Three-leaved False Solomon's Seal na N 10 Malaxis bayardii Long's Adder's-mouth na N 5 SH Malaxis monophyllos White Adder's-mouth na N 5 SH Malaxis unifolia Green adder's-mouth N N 8 S2 Malus angustifolia var puberula Spiny Wild Crabapple na N 5 S2 Malus angustifolia var pubula Spiny Wild Crabapple na N 10 S2 Malus baccata Siberian crabapple I 0 na Malus coronaria var. coronaria Sweet crabapple N 1 N Malus prunifolia Chinese crabapple I 0 na Malus pumila Apple I 0 na Malva alcea Vervian Mallow na 0 I 0 Malva moschata Musk mallow I 0 I Malva neglecta Cheeses I 0 Malva parvaflora Small-flowered Mallow na Malva sylvestris Cheeses I 44 of 79 6 9 0 PA Rank PE PE S3 N S1.1 NJ: Dunes, calcareous woodlands. FAC Dry to moist woods. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to waste ground or cinders. N Woods, old fields and thickets. N Parks, waste ground and railroad ballast, escaped from cultivation. N Cultivated and often persisting at abandoned farm or garden sites, hedgerows and roadsides. 0 UPL Dry sandy fields, roadsides and fencerows. I 0 N A weed of gardens, roadsides and waste ground. I 0 I 0 N Cultivated, also occurring on ballast, roadsides and waste ground. 4 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Malva verticillata Whorled mallow I Marrubium vulgare Common horehound Marsilea quadrifolia Matelea PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 0 I I 0 European water-clover I obliqua Anglepod Matricaria chamomilla Matricaria Matricaria Wetlands Comments 0 N Cultivated and rarely escaped to roadsides and meadows. I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to fields and roadsides. 0 I 0 OBL Shallow water of ponds and sluggish streams. N 7 na N Mesic woods, wooded edges and red cedar thickets on limestone. Wild camomile I 0 I 0 N Ballast, wharves, dumps and waste ground. maritima Scentless chamomile I 0 I 0 matricarioides Pineapple-weed I 0 I 0 FACU Yards, railroad tracks, roadsides, waste ground and ballast. Matricaria recutita Wild chamomile na I 0 Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich fern N 3 N 6 FACW Moist, alluvial flats and swamps, in circumneutral soils. Mazus miquelii Mazus I 0 na N Lawns, gardens and roadsides, escaped from cultivation. Mazus pumilus Japanese mazus I 0 I 0 FACU- Cultivated and occasionally escaped to lawns or moist, alluvial shores. Medeola virginiana Indian cucumber-root N 5 N 8 N Moist woods. Medicago arabica Spotted Medick na I 0 Medicago lupulina Black medic I I 0 UPL Roadsides and waste places. Medicago minima Downy Bur Clover na I 0 Medicago orbicularis Medick na I 0 Medicago polymorpha Smooth Bur Clover na I 0 Medicago sativa Alfalfa I I 0 N Widely grown crop plant, occasionally escaped to roadsides, vacant lots and railroad banks. Medicago sativa ssp. falcata Sickle-pod Medick na I 0 Melampyrum lineare Cow Wheat na N 5 Melampyrum lineare var lateriflorum Cow-Wheat N 8 N 5 Melampyrum lineare var. americanum Cow-wheat N 7 na FACU Dry, open woods and barrens, parasitic on the roots of other plants. Melampyrum lineare var. pectinatum Cow-wheat N 8 N 5 FACU Dry woods, in sandy soil, parasitic on the roots of other plants. Melanthium latifolium Bunchflower N 8 N 10 FACU Rich woods and slopes. Melanthium virginicum Bunchflower/ Virginia Bunchflower N 8 N 10 FACW+ Rich woods, thickets and margins of swamps and bogs. Melica mutica Two-flowered melic-grass na N 10 Melica nitens Tall melicgrass N na Melilotus alba White sweet-clover I Melilotus indica Indian Sweet-clover na Melilotus officinalis Yellow sweet-clover I 0 Melissa officinalis Lemon-balm I Menispermum canadense Moonseed Mentha aquatica Mentha arvensis Mentha 0 0 S1 NJ: Woodland. N Steep, rocky slopes and river banks. FACU Roadsides and old fields in rich soil. I 0 I 0 I 0 FACU- Waste areas, cultivated ground and roadsides. 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to woods and roadsides. N 4 N 6 FACU Moist ground of stream banks and edges. Water mint I 0 I 0 FACW+ River banks. Field mint/ American Wild Mint N 3 N 2 FACW Moist banks, wet meadows and swamps. longifolia Horse mint I 0 I 0 FACU Cultivated and rarely escaped to stream banks. Mentha pulegium European pennyroyal na I 0 Mentha x gentilis Whorled Mint na I 0 Mentha x piperita Peppermint na I 0 Mentha x rotundifolia Round-leaved mint na I 0 Mentha x verticillata Mint I 0 I 0 N Ballast and waste ground. Mentha spicata spicata Spearmint I 0 I 0 FACW Naturalized on stream banks and in swamps and wet pastures. Menyanthes trifoliata Bogbean N N 10 OBL Bogs, sphagnous swamps and pond margins. Mercurialis annua Herb Mercury na 0 I 0 Mertensia virginica Virginia bluebell N 7 N 8 FACW Rich, wooded hillsides and bottomlands. Microstegium vimineum Stiltgrass I 0 I 0 FAC Moist ground of open woods, thickets, paths, clearings, fields and gardens. 45 of 79 0 PU NJ Rank S3 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC NJ List NJ CC Wetlands Comments Mikania scandens Climbing hempweed N 7 Milium effusum Tall Millet-grass na N 3 N 5 SH.1 FACW+ Swamps and moist thickets. Milium effusum var. cisatlanticum Milletgrass I 0 na Mimulus alatus Winged monkey-flower N 6 N 7 S3 N Cool, rich woods. OBL Swamps, wet meadows and shores. Mimulus moschatus var moschatus Musk Monkey-flower na N 8 S2 OBL Wet shores, seeps and springy swales. Mimulus ringens Allegheny monkey-flower/ Squarestemmed Monkey-flower N 5 N 5 OBL Wet, open ground of swamps, meadows and shores. Minuartia michauxii Rock sandwort N 9 N 10 N Dry, open, rocky ledges of limestone or serpentine. Mirabilis jalapa Four-o'clock I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally spreading to waste ground. Mirabilis Mirabilis linearis Narrow-leaved Umbrella-wort I 0 I 0 nyctaginea Heart-leaved umbrellawort I 0 N 1 Miscanthus sinensis Silvergrass na 0 I 0 FACU- Dry soil and waste ground. Miscanthus sinensis var. sinensis Eulalia I 0 na FACU Cultivated and occasionally escaped. Miscanthus sinensis var. zebrinus Zebra grass I 0 na FACU Cultivated and occasionally established along banks and roadsides. Mitchella repens Partridge-berry Mitella diphylla Bishop's-cap/ Miterwort N 5 N 5 FACU Woods. N 8 N 9 FACU Mitella prostrata Creeping Bishop's-cap na Rich, moist woods. N 10 Moehringia lateriflora Blunt-leaved sandwort N N 6 FAC Wet meadows, swamps, swales and low woods. Molinia caerulea Purple Moor-grass na Mollugo verticillata Carpetweed I 0 I 0 I 0 FAC A weed of waste ground, roadsides, and pavement cracks. Monarda clinopodia Bee-balm N 4 N 5 SH N Moist woods, fields and floodplains. Monarda didyma Bee-balm/ Oswego Tea N 4 N 9 S2 FAC+ Creek banks, floodplains, and moist woods, also cultivated. Monarda fistulosa var. fistulosa Horsemint/ Wild Bergamot N 4 N 3 UPL Fields, brushy thickets and roadsides. Monarda fistulosa var. mollis Horsemint N 4 N 5 UPL Rocky thickets, meadows and roadsides. Monarda media Bee-balm/ Purple Bergamot N 8 N 5 N Low woods, stream banks and floodplains. Monarda punctata Spotted bee-balm N 7 N 4 UPL Dry, open, sandy fields. Monotropa hypopithys Pinesap N 8 N 9 N Dry to moist woods, in humus. Monotropa uniflora Indian-pipe N 4 N 8 FACU- Dry to moist woods, in humus. Montia linearis Narrow-leaf miner's-lettuce N na N Disturbed, gravelly area on serpentine. Morella caroliniensis Evergreen Bayberry na N 8 NJ: Wetland Morella cerifera Wax Myrtle na N 8 NJ: Edges of brackish marshes. Morella pensylvanica Bayberry na N 4 Morus alba White mulberry I 0 I 0 UPL Fencerows, woods edges and waste ground. Morus rubra Red mulberry N 5 N 10 FACU Rich, moist, alluvial soils and wooded slopes. Muhlenbergia capillaris Hairgrass/Long-awned Hair-grass N N 10 FACU- River shore. Muhlenbergia frondosa Wirestem muhly/Leafy Dropseed N 1 N 3 FAC Moist, open woods and stream banks.NJ: Highlands Muhlenbergia glomerata Spike muhlyEastern Smoke-grass N 6 N 10 FACW Rocky hillsides, sandy thickets and moist ground. Muhlenbergia mexicana Muhly/Wirestem Muhlenbergia N 5 N 6 FACW Woods, rocky shores, swamps and serpentine barrens. Muhlenbergia schreberi Dropseed/Nimblewill I 0 N 1 FAC Woods, thickets and waste ground. Muhlenbergia sobolifera Creeping muhly/Rock Dropseed N 5 N 7 N Dry, rocky slopes./ NJ: Rocky woods Muhlenbergia sylvatica var robusta Large Woodland Dropseed na N 8 Muhlenbergia sylvatica var sylvatica Muhly/Forest Dropseed na N 8 FAC+ Moist woods and shaded banks. Muhlenbergia tenuiflora Muhly/Slender Dropseed N N 7 N Rocky, wooded slopes along streams. Muhlenbergia torreyana Torrey's Dropseed/ Pine Barrens Smoke Grass na N 8 Muhlenbergia uniflora Late-flowering dropseed na N 7 Muscari botryoides Grape-hyacinth I 0 I 0 Muscari neglectum Grape-hyacinth I 0 na 46 of 79 6 5 PA Rank NJ Rank SH.1 SH S1 S2 S3 S3 NJ: Pine Barrens. N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized on floodplains, stream banks and other disturbed areas. N A rare garden escape. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Myosotis arvensis Forget-me-not; field scorpiongrass I Myosotis discolor Yellow and blue scorpion-grass Myosotis laxa Wild forget-me-not Myosotis macrosperma Myosotis micrantha Myosotis NJ List NJ CC 0 I I 0 N 4 Big-seed scorpion-grass N 4 na Blue scorpion grass na scorpioides Forget-me-not I Myosotis stricta Garden forget-me-not na Myosotis sylvatica Garden forget-me-not I Myosotis verna Spring forget-me-not; early scorpion grass N Myosoton vaquaticum Giant chickweed I 0 na Myosurus minimus Mousetail I 0 na Myrica gale Sweet Gale na Myrica pensylvanica Bayberry N 7 na Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrot's-feather I 0 I 0 Myriophyllum heterophyllum Varied-leaved Water Milfoil na N 10 Myriophyllum humile Water-milfoil N N 5 Myriophyllum pinnatum Pinnate Water Milfoil/ Cutleaf Water Milfoil na N 5 Myriophyllum sibiricum Northern water-milfoil/ Common Water Milfoil N N 8 N Still water of rivers, lakes, ponds and marshes. Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian water-milfoil I I 0 OBL Lakes and rivers. A fairly recent arrival, this species is spreading rapidly in waterways. Myriophyllum tenellum Slender Water Milfoil na N 5 S1 Myriophyllum verticillatum Whorled Water Milfoil na N 5 SH Najas flexilis Northern waternymph N N 3 OBL Quiet water of lakes, ponds, creeks and canals. Najas gracillima Slender waternymph N N 3 OBL Shallow water of lakes, ponds and reservoirs. Najas guadalupensis Southern waternymph N N 3 OBL Lakes, ponds, reserviors and tidal flats. Najas guadalupensis var guadalupensis Southern waternymph N N 3 OBL Lakes, ponds, reserviors and tidal flats. Najas minor Waternymph I 0 na OBL Shallow water of lakes, ponds and reserviors. Narcissus poeticus Poet's narcissus I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally persisting at old garden sites. Narcissus pseudonarcissus Daffodil I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped at abandoned gardens and home sites. Narthecium americanum Bog Asphodel na N 10 S2 Nasturtium officinale Watercress I 0 na Nelumbo lutea American lotus I 0 N 5 S1 Nelumbo nucifera Oriental Lotus na 0 I 0 Nemopanthus mucronatus Mountain holly N 7 N Nepeta cataria Catnip I 0 Neslia paniculata Ball mustard I Nicandra physalodes Apple-of-peru I Nicotiana tabacum Tobacco Nigella damascena Fennel-flower Nuphar advena Nuphar Nuphar 0 PA Rank Wetlands Comments 0 UPL Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides or waste ground. I 0 UPL Moist rocks. N 3 OBL Wet, open ground and swamps.NJ: Rocky streams FAC Mesic woods OBL Cultivated and frequently escaped to stream banks, floodplains and wet ditches. UPL Cultivated and occasionally naturalized. FAC- Dry, open woods, rocky ledges and roadside banks. FACW Seepy slopes, stream banks, alluvial woods and roadsides. FACW+ Moist, sandy soil. FAC Old fields or open woods, in dry to moist, sterile, sandy soils. OBL Ponds. OBL Lakes and ponds. I 0 I 0 NJ Rank syn 0 I 0 N 5 N 0 7 10 S3 S2 S1 S3 NJ: Borrow pit NJ: Borrow pits NJ: Savannah, cedar swamp, pine barrens OBL Springs and shallow, quiet water. OBL Ponds and other quiet water. 9 OBL Swamps, bogs, moist woods and rocky slopes. I 0 FACU Cultivated and frequently escaped to woods, fields and roadsides. 0 I 0 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in old fields, or along railroads. na 0 I 0 I 0 na N Garden escape, old home sites. Spatterdock N 6 N OBL Ponds, lake margins, slowmoving streams, swamps and tidal marshes. lutea Splatterdock N 7 na lutea var rubrodisca Spatterdock/ Red-disk Yellow Pond Lily na N 5 S3 OBL Ponds, lake margins, slowmoving streams, swamps and tidal marshes. Nuphar microphylla Spatterdock N N 5 SH OBL Lakes and ponds. Nuphar variegata Bullhead Lily na N 4 Nymphaea odorata ssp odorata Fragrant water-lily N N 6 OBL Quiet water of lakes and ponds. Nymphaea odorata ssp tuberosa Tuberous White water-lily na N 6 OBL Quiet water of lakes and ponds. 47 of 79 8 4 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Nymphoides aquatica Large Floating Heart na Nymphoides cordata Floating Heart na Nymphoides peltata Waterfringe I Nyssa biflora Swamp Tupelo na Nyssa sylvatica Sourgum N 4 Obolaria virginica Pennywort N Oclemena acuminata Wood aster/ whorled aster N Oclemena nemoralis Bog aster Oclemena x blakei Blake's aster Oenothera biennis Evening-primrose N Oenothera clelandii Long-spike Evening Primrose na Oenothera fruticosa ssp. fruticosa Sundrops N 6 Oenothera fruticosa ssp. glauca Sundrops N Oenothera glazioviana Evening-primrose I Oenothera grandis Showy Evening Primrose na N Oenothera humifusa Sea Beach Evening Primrose na N 9 Oenothera laciniata Cut-leaved evening-primrose N 2 N 2 FACU- Dry, sandy or gravelly soil of railroad beds, vacant lots or open, rocky woods. Oenothera nutans Evening-primrose N 1 N 1 N Old fields, roadsides and fallow land. Oenothera oakesiana Oak's Evening Primrose N N 1 FACU- Railroad ballast and alluvium. Oenothera parviflora Small-flowered Evening Primrose na N Oenothera parviflora var. parviflora Evening-primrose N 1 na FACU- Old fields, roadsides and railroad embankments. Oenothera perennis Sundrops N 6 N 6 FAC- Shaly slopes, dry fields or pastures and roadsides. Oenothera pilosella Sundrops N I 0 FAC Open woods, meadows and roadsides. Oenothera speciosa White evening-primrose N na N Dry fields and roadsides, escaped from cultivation. Oenothera villosa ssp villosa Hairy Evening Primrose na N 10 S1 Oldenlandia uniflora Clustered Bluets na N 6 S3 Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fern N N 2 Ononis campestris Spiny Rest-harrow na I 0 Onopordum acanthium Scotch thistle I I 0 Onosmodium virginianum Virginia false gromwell N N 10 Ophioglossum pusillum Northern adder's-tongue N 7 N 4 Ophioglossum vulgatum var pycnostichum Southern adder's-tongue N 7 N 4 Opuntia humifusa Eastern prickly-pear cactus na N 4 Opuntia vulgatum Eastern prickly-pear cactus N Oreganum vulgare Wild marjoram na Ornithogalum nutans Star-of-Bethlehem I 0 na Ornithogalum umbellatum Star-of-Bethlehem I 0 I 0 Ornithopus perpusillus Birdsfoot na I 0 Orobanche minor Lesser Broom-rape na I 0 Orobanche ramosa Branching Broom-rape na I 0 Orobanche uniflora Broom-rape N 6 N Orontium aquaticum Goldenclub N 8 Orthilia secunda One-sided shinleaf/ One-sided Pyrola/ Sidebells N Oryzopsis asperifolia White grained Mountain rice grass/ N Oryzopsis pungens Slender Ricegrass na Oryzopsis racemosa Ricegrass/Black-fruited Ricegrass N N Comments NJ: South Jersey intermittent ponds. N 9 I 0 OBL Abandoned quarry, small pond. N 4 FAC Dry to moist woods, rocky slopes and ridge tops. 6 N 9 N Rich, rocky woods. NJ: Piedmont 7 N 9 N Cool , moist woods.NJ: North Jersey na N 8 na N 10 N 1 I 0 N 6 N 0 na 48 of 79 0 S3 N 1 1 0 10 8 NJ: Pine barrens, acid, wet. FACU- Cultivated fields, waste ground and roadsides. 7 FAC Fields, roadside banks, river flats and pond edges.NJ: Marshes, coast. 7 FAC Meadows, dry fields, roadside banks and barrens. N Waste ground. S2 S2 NJ: Dry sand, dunes, South Jersey, Cape May. NJ: Intermittent ponds, south. FACW Marshes, swamps, moist open woods and wet meadows, in subacidic soils. N Streets, urban waste ground and ballast. S1 N Sandy banks and limestone bluffs. S3 N Moist to dry, open woods and meadows. S1 FACW Moist to dry, open woods, meadows and floodplains, in acidic to circumneutral soils. N Dry, shaly cliffs and barrens.NJ: Sand Dunes. N Roadsides, fields and woods edges. FACU Roadsides, lawns and meadows. 3 FACU Woods, parasitic on the roots of many plants.NJ: Field edge. N 6 OBL Swamps, lakes, ponds, streams, ditches and wet shores.NJ: Pine barrens, cedar swamps N 10 S2 FAC Dry to moist woods. N 10 S1 N 5 SH N 7 syn I 8 S2 0 NJ: Calcareous woods. N Open, rocky woods. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet-cicely N Osmorhiza longistylis Anise root Osmunda cinnamomea Osmunda Osmunda PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 4 N N 4 Cinnamon fern N 5 cinnamomea var glandulosa Glandular Cinnamon Fern na claytoniana Interrupted fern N 5 Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis Royal fern N Ostrya virginiana Hop-hornbeam Oxalis acetosella Oxalis NJ Rank Wetlands Comments 4 FACU- Rich woods, wooded stream banks and wet meadows.NJ: North. N 5 FACU Rich woods, moist wooded slopes and thickets.NJ: North jersey inner coastal plain N 4 FACW Swamps, bog margins and stream banks, in wet acidic soils. N 8 N 7 FAC Moist woodlands, bog edges and hummocks, in subacidic to neutral soilsNJ: Wetland edges.. 7 N 8 OBL Bogs and swamps in moist acidic soils. N 6 N 7 FACU- Dry, wooded slopes, often on calcareous soils. Northern wood-sorrel N 7 na FAC- Rich, moist woods, bogs and swamps. corniculata Creeping yellow wood-sorrel I 0 I 0 FACU Roadsides, fields, pavement and gardens. Oxalis dillenii ssp. filipes Southern yellow wood-sorrel N 1 N 0 N Rich woods, diabase cliffs, roadsides, waste ground, and woodland edges. Oxalis montana Mountain Wood-sorrel na Oxalis stricta Common yellow wood-sorrel N 1 N 0 UPL Lawns, gardens and fields. Oxalis violacea Violet wood-sorrel N 4 N 8 N Open woods and shaded banks.NJ: Throughout. Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood N N Rocky, wooded slopes. Oxypolis rigidior Cowbane N 7 OBL Swamps, bogs, sedge meadows, sandy shores and abandoned railroad bed.NJ: Fens, Pine barrens. Pachysandra procumbens Allegheny-spurge I 0 na N Cultivated in woodland gardens and occasionally naturalized. Pachysandra terminalis Japanese pachysandra I 0 na N Frequently cultivated and occasionally naturalized in urban or suburban woods. Panax quinquefolius Ginseng N 7 N 10 N Rich, mesic woods, declining due to over-collection. Panax trifolius Dwarf ginseng na N 8 Panicum acuminatum Panic grass N Panicum amarum var amarulum Southern Seabeach grass na N 3 Panicum amarum var amarum Bitter Panic-grass na N 8 Panicum amarum var amerulum Beach Panic-grass na N 3 Panicum anceps Panic grassBeaked Panic-grass N 3 Panicum annulum Annulus panic grass N Panicum bicknellii Bicknell's panicgrass N Panicum boscii Panic grass N Panicum boscii x commutatum Panic grass N Panicum capillare Witchgrass N 5 N Panicum clandestinum Deer-tongue grass N 2 Panicum columbianum Panic grass N Panicum commutatum Panic grass Panicum depauperatum Panicum S2 NJ: Wet woods N NJ: Northern. na PT 3 N 8 S2 NJ: Woods. syn 4 FAC S3 Dry woods, slopes and clearings. NJ: Sand. S3 NJ: Sand. FAC Moist, open, sandy soil. NJ: Coastal plain ponds. syn N Dry soil of serpentine barrens. syn FACU Dry woods. syn N Moist woodlands, grassy slopes and river banks. N Dry roadside banks. FAC- Cultivated fields, shores and roadsides. syn FAC+ Moist, often sandy, soil of woods edges and clearings. 7 syn N Roadsides, waste ground and open woods, in dry sandy soil. N 4 syn FACU+ Dry woods, rocky slopes and barrens. Poverty panic grass N 5 syn N Dry, open woods, roadside banks and serpentine barrens. dichotomiflorum Smooth panic grass/Spreading Panic-grass N 0 N FACW- Dry to moist, open woods and meadows. Panicum dichotomum var roanokosa Panic grass N 2 N FAC Moist, sandy woods. Panicum dichotomum var roanotota Panic grass N 2 N FAC Moist, sandy woods. Panicum flexile Old witchgrass N Panicum gattingeri Witchgrass/Gattinger's Panicgrass I Panicum hemitomon Maiden-cane na Panicum latifolium Panic grass N Panicum linearifolium Panic grass N Panicum longifolium Long-leaved panic grass N Panicum lucidum Shining panic grass N 49 of 79 8 PT 5 syn 1 0 N 10 S1 FACU Dry fields, moist meadows, banks and swales. N 1 S1S2 FAC Cultivated fields, roadsides and waste ground in sandy soils. N 8 S2 5 N 7 FACU- Roadsides, shores and thickets. 6 syn N Dry banks, open woods and fields. syn OBL Peaty and sandy bogs and shores. syn FAC Bogs, swamps and boggy swales. 0 8 PE NJ: Coastal Plain intermittent ponds. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List Wetlands Comments Panicum meridionale Panic grass N Panicum microcarpon Panic grass N syn N Dry, sandy soil. syn FACU Panicum miliaceum Broomcorn millet/Proso Millet I 0 Well-drained woods. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. Panicum oligosanthes Panic grass N 7 Panicum philadelphicum Panic grass/Philadelphia Panicgrass N 1 FACU Thickets, in loamy or clayey soils. FAC- Dry, open woods, fields and roadsides. Panicum polyanthes Panic grass N 8 Panicum recognitum Fernald's panic grass N syn FACU Roadsides and open woods. syn OBL Panicum rigidulum var condensum Dense Panic grass na N 5 Dry woods or wooded slopes. Panicum rigidulum var rigidulum Panic grass/Red-top Panic-grass N N 2 FACW+ Moist, open, sandy or peaty ground. Panicum rigidulum var. elongatum Red-top Panic-grass na N 5 Panicum rigidulum var. pubescens Red-top Panic-grass na N 7 Panicum scoparium Velvety panic grass N 6 Panicum sphaerocarpon Panic grass N 4 Panicum stipitatum Panic grass Panicum verrucosum Panicum I PU 6 PE NJ Rank 0 syn N PW NJ CC 2 S2 NJ: Wet woods. NJ: Common, fields na FACW Moist meadows and swales. na FACU Dry woods, thickets and old fields. N syn FACW+ Wet meadows and sandy shores. Panic grass/Warty Panic-grass N N FACW Moist, sandy or peaty soil.NJ: Intermittent ponds. villosissimum Long-haired panic grass N na N Dry woods and serpentine barrens. Panicum virgatum Switchgrass N FAC Sandy shores, alluvium, fields and banks.NJ: Garden State Parkway. Panicum xanthophysum Slender panic grass N N Dry, rocky slopes or sandy, open woods. Panicum yadkinense Yadkin River panic grass N 7 N Dry woods. Papaver dubium Long-pod poppy I 0 I N Occasionally escaped from cultivation. Papaver orientale Oriental poppy I 0 na N Frequently cultivated and occasionally persisting in abandoned gardens or rubbish dumps. Papaver rhoeas Corn poppy I 0 na N Occasionally escaped from cultivation. Papaver somniferum Opium poppy I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. Parapholis incurva Hard Grass na Parietaria pensylvanica Pellitory N 2 Parnassia glauca Grass-of-parnassus N 10 Paronychia canadensis Forked chickweed N Paronychia fastigiata var. fastigiata Whitlow-wort Paronychia fastigiata var. nuttallii Whitlow-wort Paronychia montana Mountain nailwort na Parthenium hysterophorus Santa-Maria I 0 Parthenium integrifolium American fever-few N 10 Parthenocissus inserta Grape woodbine N Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia-creeper N 1 N Parthenocissus tricuspidata Boston ivy I 0 I Parthenocissus vitacea Thicket Creeper na N Paspalum dissectum Walter's Paspalum/ Mudbark Crowngrass na N 8 S2 NJ:Coastal plain intermittent ponds Paspalum floridanum Florida Paspalum/ Florida Crowngrass na N 2 S3 NJ: Bennett bog , Cape May. Paspalum floridanum var. glabratum Florida beadgrass I Paspalum laeve Field Beadgrass na Paspalum laeve var. circulare Field beadgrass N 3 Paspalum laeve var. laeve Field beadgrass N 3 Paspalum laeve var. pilosum Field beadgrass N Paspalum pubiflorum var. glabrum Beadgrass I Paspalum setaceum var. ciliatifolium Hairy Paspalum/ Ciliate-leaf Crown Grass na Paspalum setaceum var. muhlenbergii Slender beadgrass N Paspalum setaceum var. psammophilum Slender beadgrass/Prostrate Paspalum Paspalum setaceum var. setaceum Slender beadgrass 1 N 5 3 syn PU syn 0 I 0 N 9 N Dry, rocky or gravelly woods, roadside banks and waste ground. N 10 OBL Boggy meadows or seeps, on calcareous soils. 6 N 5 N Open woods, in dry rocky or sandy soil. N 7 N 5 N Dry woods and edges. N 7 na N Open woods and edges, in dry rocky or sandy soils. na N Ballast, waste ground and barnyards. na N Dry slopes and roadsides. na N Woods, fields and alluvial thickets. 1 FACU Woods, fields and edges. 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. PE N 0 PX 10 na FACW Moist, sandy soils. na FAC+ Moist, sandy fields and shores. na FAC+ Moist, sandy fields. 3 na FAC+ Moist, sandy fields. 0 na N Moist, grassy, mowed roadside. FACU+ Dry to moist, open ground and serpentine barrens. FACU+ Dry, sandy soil. FACU+ Dry, open ground. N 4 N 5 3 N 5 N 3 N 5 N 3 N 5 50 of 79 SH S2 S2S3 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank Wetlands Comments Paspalum setaceum var. supinum Slender beadgrass I 0 Passiflora lutea Passion-flower N 7 FACU+ Waste ground and ballast. N Pastinaca sativa Wild parsnip I 0 I Riverbanks and thickets. 0 N Roadsides, woods edges, fields, meadows and waste ground. Paulownia tomentosa Empress-tree I 0 I 0 N Cultivated, and frequently escaped to roadsides, railroad banks and woods edges. Pedicularis canadensis Forest lousewort/ Wood Betony N 5 N 8 FACU Woods and edges, parasitic on the roots of a wide variety of woody and herbaceous plants. Pedicularis lanceolata Swamp lousewort N 8 N 9 FACW Swamps, boggy meadows and swales, parasitic on the roots of other plants. Pellaea atropurpurea Purple cliffbrake N 9 N 9 N Calcareous cliffs, ledges and talus slopes, also masonry cracks. Pellaea glabella var. glabella Smooth cliffbrake N 9 N 9 N Moist to dry, exposed calcareous cliffs and ledges, also masonry cracks. Peltandra virginica Arrow-arum N 6 N 3 OBL Swamps, stream or lake edges and tidal marshes. Pennisetum alopecuroides Fountaingrass I 0 na N Cultivted and rarely escaped to roadsides and abandoned fields. Penstemon calycosus Beard-tongue I 0 na UPL Swampy woods, old fields and roadsides. Penstemon digitalis Tall white beard-tongue/ Foxglove Beardtongue I 0 N 3 FAC Meadows, old fields and roadsides. Penstemon hirsutus Northeastern beard-tongue/ Hairy Beardtongue N 7 N 5 N Dry, open, rocky slopes and roadside banks. Penstemon laevigatus Eastern beard-tongue/ Smooth Beard-tongue N 8 N 5 FACU Wooded hillsides, moist meadows and roadside banks.NJ: South Jersey Penstemon pallidus Eastern white beard-tongue/Pale Beardtongue N N 4 FACU Wet meadows and old fields. Penthorum sedoides Ditch stonecrop N 3 N 3 OBL Low, wet ground and ditches. Perilla frutescens Perilla I 0 I 0 FACU+ Cultivated and occasionally naturalized on moist or shaded roadsides or in disturbed woods. Periploca graeca Silkvine I 0 I 0 Petasites hybridus Butterfly-dock/ butterbur I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized along creeks and in other moist sites. Petrorhagia prolifera childing pink I 0 I 0 Petrorhagia saxifraga Saxifrage pink I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. Petunia integrefolia Petunia na I 0 Petunia parvafolia Small-flowered Petunia na I 0 Petunia x hybrida Petunia I I 0 N Cultivated and escaped to old fields, waste ground, rubbish dumps and paving cracks. Phacelia dubia Scorpion-weed N na N Shale barrens and shaly cliffs. Phacelia purshii Miami-mist N na N Open woods, along creeks and railroad cuts. Phalaris arundinacea Reed canary-grass I 0 FACW Marshes, alluvial meadows, shores and ditches. Phalaris canariensis Canary-grass I 0 Phaseolus polystachios var polystachios Wild bean/ Wild Kidney Bean N 7 Phegopteris connectilis Long beech fern/ Northern Beech Fern N Phegopteris hexagonoptera Broad beech fern Phellodendron japonicum Phellodendron Phellodendron PE PE PU 0 NJ List NJ CC N 5 NJ Rank na S3 S2 S1 I 0 I 0 FACU Waste ground. N 8 S2 N Woods, roadside banks and waste ground. 8 N 10 S2 FACU+ Cool woods, damp thickets and shaded rock crevices, in acidic soils. N 6 N 8 FAC Rich, moist wooded slopes and swamp margins, in humus-rich, moderately acidic soils. Japanese corktree I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in disturbed woods. lavallei Corktree I 0 na N Disturbed woods sachalinense Corktree I 0 na N Edge of woods Phemeranthus teretifolius Round-leaved fameflower N 10 na N Serpentine barrens, on rock outcrops. Philadelphus coronarius Mock-orange I 0 I N Cultivated and occasionally spreading to banks, roadsides or alluvial woods. Philadelphus inodorus var. grandiflorus Mock-orange I 0 na N Cultivated and sometimes persisting near rubbish heaps. Philadelphus pubescens Mock-orange I 0 na N Occasionally spreading from cultivation. Phleum pratense Timothy I 0 I FACU Fields, meadows and roadsides. 51 of 79 PU 0 0 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Phlox divaricata Wild blue phlox N Phlox divaricata ssp. divaricata Wild blue phlox Phlox divaricata ssp. laphamii Phlox PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments 8 N 10 S1 FACU Rich, deciduous woods. NJ: rich floodplain, marl ravine N 8 N 10 FACU Rich, deciduous woods. NJ: rich floodplain, marl ravine Blue phlox I 0 na N Cultivated and rarely escaped to wooded slopes and stream banks. maculata ssp. maculata Wild sweet-william/ Spotted Plhox N 7 N FACW Wet meadows, abandoned fields and open thickets. Phlox maculata ssp. pyramidalis Meadow phlox N FACW Moist meadows and thickets, stream banks, swamps and ditches. Phlox paniculata Summer phlox I 0 FACU Thickets, hillsides and stream banks, often in calcareous soils. Phlox pilosa Downy phlox N 8 FACU Open woods, moist slopes and wet meadows. Phlox subulata ssp. subulata Moss-pink N N Dry slopes, rocky ledges and serpentine barrens. Phoradendron leucarpum Christmas mistletoe N Woods, parasitic on the branches of Nyssa sylvatica. Photinia villosa N Cultivated and rarely escaped. Phragmites australis FACW Marshes, ditches and moist disturbed ground. Phryma FACU- Rich woods, rocky limestone slopes and swamps. OBL River and stream banks. N Moist soil along creek beds, ravines, roadsides and railroad banks. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to woods, roadsides, stream banks or vacant lots. N Fields, sandy or cindery open ground and cultivated areas. UPL Cultivated and also occasionally occurring on ballast, wharves, and waste ground. FACU- Alluvial areas, fields and cultivated ground. 10 S3 na N 3 N 5 8 N 7 N 10 N 10 Photinia I 0 na Common reed I 0 I australis Lopseed N 5 na Phryma leptostachya Lopseed na Phyla lanceolata Fog-fruit N Phyla nodiflora Fog-fruit na Phyllanthus caroliniensis ssp. caroliniensis Carolina leaf-flower N 8 na Physalis alkekengi Chinese-lantern I 0 I 0 Physalis angulata Cut-leaved Ground Cherry na N 0 Physalis grisea Strawberry Tomato na N 0 Physalis heterophylla Clammy ground-cherry N N 1 Physalis longifolia var. subglabrata Smooth Ground Cherry na N 0 Physalis philadelphica Tomatillo/ Mexican Ground Cherry I 0 I 0 Physalis pubescens Husk Tomato na 0 N 0 Physalis pubescens var. integrifolia Hairy ground-cherry I 0 N 0 Physalis subglabrata Ground-cherry N 2 na 0 N Fields, waste ground, hedgerows and limestone uplands. Physalis virginiana Virginia ground-cherry N 8 N 3 N Ballast and waste ground. Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark N 6 N 8 FACW- Moist cliffs, wet woods, sandy or rocky banks and shores. Physostegia virginiana False dragonhead N I 0 FAC+ River banks and moist shorelines, also cultivated and occasionally escaped. Phytolacca americana Pokeweed I 0 N 0 FACU+ Forest openings, waste ground and gardens. Picea abies Norway spruce I 0 I 0 N Forest plantations. Picea glauca White spruce I 0 na FACU Forest plantations. Picea mariana Black spruce N FACW- Sphagnum bogs. Picea pungens Colorado blue spruce I N Forest plantations, old homesteads or other cultivated sites. Picea rubens Red spruce na N 10 Picris echioides Bristly ox-tongue I 0 I 0 N Gardens, waste ground and ballast. Picris hieracioides Ox-tongue I 0 I 0 N Roadsides, fields and vacant lots. Pilea fontana Lesser clearweed/ Coolwort N 8 N 6 FACW+ Springheads, wet shores and swamps.NJ: Calcareous seeps Pilea pumila Clearweed N 1 N 3 FACW Cool, moist, shady areas. Pimpinella saxifraga Burnet-saxifrage I 0 I 0 N Thickets, roadsides and waste ground. Pinellia ternata Pinellia I 0 I 0 N A weed of gardens and planting beds. Pinus echinata Short-leaf pine I 0 N 5 N Slopes and ridges, in dry, sterile soils. Pinus nigra Austrian pine I 0 I 0 N Forest plantations and other cultivated sites. Pinus pungens Table-mountain pine N N 10 N Dry, rocky and gravelly slopes and ridge tops. 52 of 79 8 2 PE 0 S2 0 N 8 N 5 I 0 N SH SH S1 SH 10 na S1 S1.1 NJ: Bogs. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments Pinus resinosa Norway pine/ red pine I 0 N 10 S1.1 FACU Native on dry slopes in Luzerne, Wyoming, Tioga and Centre Cos.NJ: Sussex. Pinus rigida Pitch pine N 7 N 6 FACU Moist to dry, sterile soils including serpentine barrens. NJ: Throughout Pine Barrens Pinus serotina Pond pine na Pinus strobus Eastern white pine N 7 N 10 N 3 FACU Moist to dry woodlands and forested slopes.NJ: North jersey. Pinus sylvestris Scots pine I 0 I 0 N Forest plantations and other cultivated sites. Pinus taeda Loblolly pine Pinus thunbergii Japanese black pine na N 5 na I 0 Pinus virginiana Virginia pine N 6 N 3 N Barrens and ridgetops, in dry sandy or rocky soils. Piptochaetium avenaceum Black oatgrass N 9 N 6 UPL Thin, rocky woods and sandy, open ground. Pityopsis falcata Sickle-leaved golden aster na Plagiobothrys scouleri Meadow plagiobothrys I 0 N na 5 N Shallow depressions in meadow that fill with water in winter and dry out in summer. Plantago aristata Bristly plantain I 0 I 0 N Old fields, shale barrens, railroad cinders and other dry, open ground. Plantago coronopus Buckshorn Plantain na I 0 Plantago herterophylla Many-seeded Plantain na I 0 Plantago lanceolata English plantain I 0 I 0 UPL Lawns, roadsides, old fields, clearings and waste ground. Plantago major Broad-leaved plantain I 0 I 0 FACU Lawns, gardens, roadsides, railroad embankments and waste ground. Plantago major var scopularum Salt-marsh Plantain Plantago maritima var juncoides Seaside plantain na N 10 S3 na N 10 Plantago patagonica S2 Woolly Plantain na I 0 Plantago Plantago psyllium Leafy-stemmed Plantain na I 0 pusilla Dwarf plantain I 0 N 5 UPL Dry, sandy or rocky, open ground. Plantago rugelii Rugel's plantain I 0 N 0 FACU Meadows, wet pastures, roadside banks and waste ground. Plantago virginica Dwarf plantain N 2 N 1 UPL Fields, low meadows, open banks and waste ground along railroads. Platanthera ciliaris Yellow fringed-orchid N 9 N 9 FACW Bogs, moist meadows and woods. Platanthera clavellata Clubspur orchid N 8 N 8 FACW+ Bogs, wet woods and thickets. Platanthera cristata Crested fringed-orchid N 9 N 9 S3 FACW+ Moist meadows, damp woods and swamps. Platanthera flava Southern Rein Orchid na N 10 S1 Platanthera flava var. herbiola Tubercled rein-orchid N 7 N 10 S2 FACW Swamps, bogs, or wet, open woods. Platanthera grandiflora Large purple fringed-orchid N 8 N 10 S2 FACW Rich woods, thickets and meadows. Platanthera hookeri Hooker's Orchid na N 10 SH Platanthera hyperborea var hyperborea Northern Green Orchid na N 10 SX Platanthera integra Southern Yellow Orchid/ Yellow Fringeless Orchid na N 10 S1 Platanthera lacera Ragged fringed-orchid N N 8 Platanthera nivea Snowy Orchid na N 10 SH Platanthera orbiculata Round-leaved Orchid na N 10 S1 Platanthera orbiculata var. orbiculata Large round-leaved orchid N 7 Platanthera peramoena Purple fringeless orchid N 9 N 10 S1 Platanthera psycodes Purple fringed-orchid N 8 N 10 S2 Platanus occidentalis Sycamore N 3 N 4 Platanus x hybrida London Plane na I 0 Pluchea camphorata Camphor pluchea/ Camphorwood na N 10 SX.1 Pluchea foetida Stinking camphorweed/ Stinky fleabane na N 10 S1 Pluchea odorata var succulenta Marsh fleabane N 8 N Poa alsodes Woodland bluegrass/Grove Bluegrass N 5 Poa annua Annual bluegrass I 0 53 of 79 PA Rank PT 4 S2 S2 S3 SH S2 NJ: Salt marshes. NJ: Calcareous fens. FACW Open woods, moist meadows, bogs and ditches. FAC Damp, rich humus in deep shade. FACW Moist meadows, low wet woods and ditches. FACW Bogs, swamps, damp meadows and open woods. FACW- Stream banks, low woods, floodplains and alluvial soils. 5 N Tidal mudflats, wet ditches, railroad ballast, and nursery beds where salt hay mulch was used. N 9 FACW- Cool, moist woods and thickets.NJ: Beech forests. I 0 FACU Roadsides, lawns, open woods and moist, alluvial soils. na PT NJ: Woods. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Poa autumnalis Autumn bluegrass/ Flexuous Speargrass. N 7 Poa bulbosa Bulbous Bluegrass na Poa compressa Canada bluegrass I 0 Poa cuspidata BluegrassShort-leaved Bluegrass N 6 Poa languida Weak Bluegrass/ Drooping Speargrass na Poa nemoralis Wood bluegrass/Woodland Bluegrass I Poa paludigena Bog bluegrass Poa palustris Fowl bluegrass Fowl Meadowgrass Poa pratensis Poa Poa PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments N 10 SH.1 FAC Moist woods. I 0 I 0 FACU Dry woods, fields and rock outcrops. N 9 N Dry, wooded hillsides and banks. N 10 0 N 5 N 10 na N 5 N 5 Kentucky bluegrass I 0 I 0 saltuensis Pasture Bluegrass na N 5 SH sylvestris Woodland bluegrass/Forest Bluegrass N 4 N 5 SH Poa trivialis Rough bluegrass I 0 I 0 Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple N 5 N 6 Podostemum ceratophyllum Riverweed/ Threadfoot. N 6 N 10 Pogonia ophioglossoides Rose pogonia/ Threadfoot N 9 N 9 Poinsettia dentata Spurge I 0 na Polanisia dodecandra ssp. dodecandra Clammyweed N 1 N 0 Polemonium reptans Spreading Jacob's-ladder/ Greek Valerian N 6 N Polemonium van-bruntiae Jacob's Ladder na Polygala ambigua Loose-spike Milkwort na Polygala brevifolia Short-leaved Milkwort na Polygala cruciata Cross-leaved milkwort N 8 Polygala curtissii Curtis's milkwort N 10 Polygala incarnata Pink milkwort N 9 Polygala lutea Orange Milkwort Polygala mariana Maryland Milkwort Polygala nuttallii Nuttall's milkwort N 8 Polygala paucifolia Bird-on-the-wing/Fringed Polygala N Polygala polygama Bitter milkwort; Racemed Milkwort N Polygala ramosa Branching Milkwort?Low Pine BarrensMilkwort na Polygala sanguinea Field milkwort N Polygala senega Seneca Snakeroot na Polygala senega var. senega Seneca snakeroot N Polygala verticillata Whorled Milkwort na Polygala verticillata var. ambigua Whorled milkwort N 7 na Polygala verticillata var. isocycla Whorled milkwort N 4 na Polygala verticillata var. verticillata Whorled milkwort N 4 N 5 Polygonatum biflorum var. biflorum Solomon's-seal N 5 N Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum Solomon's-seal N 6 Polygonatum pubescens Solomon's-seal N 5 Polygonella articulata Jointweed N 10 Polygonum achoreum Homeless Knotweed na Polygonum amphibium var stipulacium Water smartweed Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Water smartweed/ Swamp Milkweed Polygonum arenastrum Doorweed/ Dooryard Knotweed I S2 NJ: Dry woods and ridges. FAC Dry woods and edges. FACW Boggy woods and swamps. FACW Wet meadows, shores and thickets. FACU Cultivated and widely naturalized in meadows, roadsides, open woods and waste ground. FACW Rich woods. FACW Cultivated and frequently established in wet meadows, swamps and alluvial woods. N Moist woods. OBL On rocks in shallow, fast-moving water of rivers and streams. OBL Sphagnum bogs and boggy meadows. N Wooded slopes, floodplains, railroad banks and waste ground. S1 N Dry, sandy or gravelly alluvial soils. 9 S1 FACU Low, moist woods and floodplains. N 10 SX.1 NJ: Floodplains. N 5 S2 NJ: Edges of fields, salt marshes. N 8 PE N 6 PE na S3 Boggy pastures and mountain bogs. N Dry, open serpentine barrens. UPL Dry, open soil of serpentine barrens. N 5 na N 5 na N 5 N 5 FAC Open woods, peaty thickets and sphagnum bogs.NJ: Coastal Plain. 8 N 9 FACU Rich, rocky woods and wooded slopes. NJ: North Jersey. 8 N 7 S2 UPL Abandoned fields and wooded bogs. N 5 SX.1 N 4 N 10 PU S2 NJ: Sandy ground, South Jersey. NJ: Cape May. FACU Moist fields on sterile, acidic soils. NJ: South Jersey. FACU Rocky, wooded, limestone slopes. UPL Moist meadows, marshes and ravines. UPL Waste ground and railroad tracks. UPL Dry, open woods, old fields and roadsides. 8 FACU Deciduous woods, rocky slopes and roadside banks. N 7 FACU Rich woods, stream banks and roadsides. N 8 N Wooded slopes, stream banks and fields. N 7 N Dry, open, sandy acidic soils. N 0 na N 7 N N 8 OBL Muddy shores and margins of ponds, streams or rivers.NJ: Coastal plains, ponds. I 0 N Disturbed or compacted soil and gravel. 54 of 79 5 SH FACW+ 7 na S1.1 N 0 PE NJ: North Jersey. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Polygonum arifolium Halberd-leaf tearthumb N Polygonum aubertii Silver-lace vine Polygonum aviculare Polygonum NJ List NJ CC 5 N 6 I 0 na Knotweed/ Common Knotweed I 0 N bellardii Needle-leaf knotweed I 0 na Polygonum buxiforme Small's Knotweed na N 5 Polygonum caespitosum Cespitose Knotweed na I 0 Polygonum caespitosum var. longisetum Low smartweed I I 0 Polygonum careyi Carey's Knotweed na N 4 Polygonum cilinode Fringed bindweed N 3 N Polygonum convolvulus Black bindweed I 0 I Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed I 0 Polygonum densiflorum Dense-flowered Knotweed na Polygonum erectum Erect knotweed N Polygonum glaucum Seaside Knotweed na Polygonum hydropiper Smartweed/ Water Pepper I 0 Polygonum hydropiperoides var. hydropiperoides Mild water-pepper N 7 Polygonum hydropiperoides var. opelousanum Opelousas Smartweed na Polygonum lapathifolium Dock-leaf smartweed/ Nodding Smartweed I 0 na Polygonum orientale Kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate I 0 I Polygonum pensylvanicum Smartweed/ Pennsylvania Smartweed N 1 Polygonum perfoliatum Mile-a-minute weed/ Mile-aminute Vine I Polygonum persicaria Lady's-thumb I Polygonum prolificum Bushy Knotweed Polygonum punctatum Dotted Smartweed Polygonum punctatum var. confertiflorum Dotted smartweed N 2 N 5 OBL Vernal ponds, stream banks, muddy shores, swamps and swales. Polygonum punctatum var. punctatum Dotted smartweed N 3 N 5 OBL Moist pastures, river banks, bogs, swamps and swales. Polygonum ramosissium Long-fruited knotweed na N 8 Polygonum robustius Large water-smartweed na N 5 OBL Wet ground or shallow water of stream and pond margins, swamps and bogs. Polygonum sachalinense Giant knotweed I 0 I 0 UPL Vacant lots, river banks, roadsides and railroad banks. Polygonum sagittatum Tearthumb/ Arrow-leaved tearthumb N 4 N 5 OBL Low moist ground, vernal ponds, bogs, swamps or marshes. Polygonum scandens Climbing False Buckwheat na Polygonum scandens var. cristatum Climbing false-buckwheat/Crested… N N 3 FAC Dry rocky woods, wooded banks and thickets. Polygonum scandens var. dumetorum Climbing false-buckwheat I 0 N 3 FAC Moist woods, alluvial thickets and roadsides. Polygonum scandens var. scandens Climbing false-buckwheat N 1 N 3 FAC Moist woods, thickets, roadsides and waste ground. Polygonum setaceum Bog Smartweed; Bristly Smartweed na N 8 S2 Polygonum setaceum var setaceum Bog Smartweed; Bristly Smartweed na N 8 S2 Polygonum tenue Slender knotweed N 8 N 7 N Dry fields in acidic soils, also serpentine barrens and shale barrens. Polygonum virginianum Jumpseed N 2 N 4 FAC Moist open woods, floodplains and roadsides. 0 4 PA Rank NJ Rank 0 Wetlands Comments OBL Wet woods, boggy thickets, swamps, wet meadows and ditches. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadside thickets. FACU Dry, open ground including yards, pavement, roadsides and trails. N Dry, sandy roadsides, river banks and railroad ballast. S2 NJ: Brackish marsh edges. FACU- Damp ground of wooded hillsides, roadsides, fields and waste places. NJ: Pinelands, low, moist S3 N Dry woods, rocky slopes, thickets and roadsides. 0 FACU Cultivated fields, roadsides and waste ground. I 0 FACU- Stream banks, roadsides, railroad banks and waste areas. N 9 S1 N 0 S1 N 8 S1 I 0 OBL Wet meadows, swamps, stream banks and moist waste ground. N 6 OBL Openings in wet woods, vernal ponds, stream banks or wet swales. N 8 NJ: Cape May. FACU Moist soil of river banks, abandoned fields, roadsides and waste areas. NJ: Dry open sands. S2 NJ: Coastal Plain. FACW+ Wet woods, stream banks, ditches, roadsides and cultivated fields. 0 FACU- Cultivated and occasionally escaped to cultivated fields, roadsides and waste ground. N 2 FACW Fields, woodland edges, stream banks, roadsides and waste ground. 0 I 0 FAC Alluvial thickets, moist open woods, abandoned nurseries and roadsides. 0 I 0 FACW Wooded slopes, moist thickets, edges of swamps, roadsides and waste ground. na N 8 na N 55 of 79 NJ: Coastal Marshes. NJ: Light, sandy, open ground. N Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC Polymnia canadensis Leaf-cup N 7 na Polymnia uvedalia Bear's-foot; large-flowered leafcup N 5 N 10 Polypodium appalachianum Appalachian polypody N 8 N Polypodium virginianum Common polypody N 8 Polypogon monspeliensis Rabbitfoot Grass Polypremum procumbens Polypremum Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern N Poncirus trifoliata Hardy orange Pontederia cordata Populus NJ Rank Wetlands Comments N Moist, rocky, wooded hillsides, floodplains and roadsides. N Ravines, thickets and river or stream banks. NJ: Wooded slopes. 10 N On rocks, boulders, ledges, cliffs, and rocky woods N 10 N Dry rocks and ledges, in subacidic to neutral soils. The tetraploid P. virginianum and na I 0 na I 0 3 N 7 N Shaded slopes and well-drained flats, in subacidic to circumneutral soils. I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to wooded banks or rubbish dumps. Pickerel-weed N 8 N 7 OBL Swampy edges of lakes and streams, also tidal shores. alba White poplar I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides and old fields. Populus balsamifera Balsam poplar N FACW Swamps, thickets, alluvial gravels and river banks. Populus canescens Gray poplar I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to waste ground and edges. Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood/ Cottonwood N 4 N 2 FACU- River banks and rich alluvial soils. Populus grandidentata Bigtooth aspen N 3 N 4 FACU- Early successional woods and floodplains. Populus heterophylla Swamp Cottonwood na N 8 Populus jackii Balm-of-Gilead I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized. Populus nigra Black poplar I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and rarely escaped to disturbed ground. Populus tremuloides Quaking aspen N 4 N 2 N Old fields, open woods or barrens, usually on sandy or gravelly soils. Porteranthus trifoliatus Bowman's-root/ Indian Physic Root N 7 N 9 N Upland woods. NJ: South Portulaca grandiflora Moss-rose I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally lingering in abandoned gardens or rubbish dumps. Portulaca oleracea Purslane I 0 I 0 FAC A weed of gardens and fields. Portulaca pilosa Hairy Purslane na 0 I 0 Potamogeton alpinus Northern pondweed N N 10 OBL Shallow river pools and backwater areas. Potamogeton amplifolius Bigleaf pondweed/Large-leaved Pondweed N N 10 OBL Lakes and streams. Potamogeton bicupulatus Pondweed N na OBL Shallow, quiet water. Potamogeton confervoides Alga-like Pondweed na N 10 Potamogeton crispus Curly pondweed I 0 I 0 OBL Lakes, ponds, rivers and streams. Potamogeton diversifolius Snailseed pondweed N 4 N 9 OBL Quiet, shallow water. Potamogeton diversifolius var. trichophyllus Hair-like Pondweed na Potamogeton epihydrus Ribbonleaf pondweed N 4 OBL Ponds, lakes and streams. Potamogeton filiformis var. borealis Threadleaf pondweed N OBL Shallow, calcareous water of streams and ponds. Potamogeton foliosus Leafy pondweed N OBL Lakes and streams.NJ: Fresh and brackish. Potamogeton gramineus Grass-like Pondweed Potamogeton hillii Hill's pondweed Potamogeton illinoensis Potamogeton S1 na S2 S2 S1 S3 N 7 N na N 5 na N 8 N na Illinois pondweed N N 10 natans Floating Pondweed na N 8 Potamogeton nodosus Longleaf pondweed N N 6 Potamogeton oakesianus Oakes' pondweed N N 10 S2 Potamogeton obtusifolius Blunt-leaved Pondweed na N 10 S1 Potamogeton pectinatus Sago pondweed N N 3 Potamogeton perfoliatus Perfoliate pondweed N N 3 Potamogeton praelongus White-stemmed Pondweed na N 10 Potamogeton pulcher Spotted Pondweed na N 9 Potamogeton pusillus Pondweed N N 5 Potamogeton richardsonii Richardson's Pondweed na N 10 56 of 79 2 5 NJ: North. S1 OBL Lakes and streams. OBL Lakes and streams. OBL Lakes, ponds and streams.NJ: Inner coastal plain. OBL Ponds and lakes. OBL Shallow, calcareous or brackish water. OBL Ponds, lakes and streams. OBL Lakes and ponds. S1 Genus Epithet Common Name Potamogeton robbinsii Potamogeton PA List NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments Flat-leaved pondweed/ Robbin's Pondweed N 9 S2 OBL Quiet water of lakes and ponds. spirillus Snailseed pondweed/Norther Snailseed Pondweed N 5 OBL Shallow water of lakes, ponds and rivers. Potamogeton vaginatus Sheathed Pondweed na N 5 Potamogeton vaseyi Vasey's Pondweed na N 10 Potamogeton zosteriformis Flat-stemmed pondweed/Eelgrass Pondweed N N 10 OBL Ponds and slow-moving streams. Potentilla anserina Silverweed na N 10 Potentilla argentea Hoary cinquefoil/ Silvery Cinquefoil I 0 I 0 UPL Dry, open ground. Potentilla arguta var arguta Tall cinquefoil N 5 N 10 UPL Dry, rocky ledges, fields and woods. Potentilla canadensis Cinquefoil/ Dwarf Cinquefoil N 2 N 2 N Dry, open woods and fields. Potentilla intermedia Downy cinquefoil I 0 I 0 N Roadsides and waste ground. Potentilla norvegica Rough Cinquefoil na Potentilla norvegica ssp. monspeliensis Strawberry-weed I 0 N 2 FACU Roadsides and waste ground. Potentilla palustris Marsh Cinquefoil na N 10 Potentilla recta Sulfur cinquefoil/ Rough-fruited Cinquefoil I 0 I 0 N Dry fields and waste ground. Potentilla reptans Creeping cinquefoil I 0 I 0 N Waste ground and ballast Potentilla simplex Old-field cinquefoil/ Common Cinquefoil N 2 N 2 FACU- Dry woods, fields, meadows and roadsides. Potentilla tridentata Three-toothed Cinquefoil na N 10 Prenanthes alba Rattlesnake-root; white rattlesnake-root N 7 N 6 FACU Rocky woods, barrens and roadsides. Prenanthes altissima Rattlesnake-root; tall white lettuce N 4 N 8 FACU- Woods. Prenanthes autumnalis Slender rattlesnake-root na N 9 S2 Prenanthes racemosa Smooth white lettuce/ Pine barrens Rattlesnake-root na N 10 SH Prenanthes serpentaria Lion's-foot N 7 N 9 N Dry woods, clearings and gravelly roadsides. Prenanthes trifoliolata Gall-of-the-earth N 7 N 6 N Sandy or rocky, open woods and shale barrens. Proboscidea louisianica Unicorn-plant I 0 I 0 FACU Cultivated and occasionally escaped to fields and rubbish dumps. Proserpinaca intermedia Intermediate Mermaid-weed na N 10 Proserpinaca palustris var. crebra Common mermaid-weed N N 5 OBL Swamps, bogs, marshes, and vernal ponds. Proserpinaca palustris var. palustris Common mermaid-weed N N 5 OBL Pond and wet swale. Proserpinaca pectinata Cut-leaved Mermaid-weed na N 7 Prunella laciniata Heal-all I I 0 N Fields, open woods and weedy roadsides. Prunella vulgaris Self-heal na Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolata Heal-all N 2 N 2 FACU+ Fields, woods, floodplains and roadsides. Prunella vulgaris ssp. vulgaris Heal-all I 0 I 0 FACU+ Moist fields and fencerows. Prunus alleghaniensis Alleghany Plum na N 10 Prunus americana Wild plum N 5 N 8 FACU- Wooded slopes, river banks, hedgerows, and roadside thickets. Prunus angustifolia Chickasaw plum I 0 N 8 N Roadside thicket. Prunus avium Sweet cherry I 0 I 0 N Woods margins and fencerows. Prunus cerasus Pie cherry/ Sour Cherry I 0 I 0 N Cultivated, and occasionally naturalized in woods edges, thickets or waste ground. Prunus domestica Plum na 0 I 0 Prunus mahaleb Mahaleb cherry I 0 na N Roadsides, woods and waste ground. Prunus maritima Beach plum N 10 N N Dry roadside banks and hedgerows. Prunus padus European bird cherry I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. Prunus pensylvanica Pin cherry/ Fire Cherry N 6 N 3 FACU- Dry woods and openings. Prunus persica Peach I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. Prunus pumila var. cuneata Dwarf Cherry na Prunus pumila var. depressa Sand cherry/ Low sand cherry N 10 PE N 9 S2 N Alluvial islands and sandy or gravelly shores. Prunus pumila var. susquehanae Sand cherry/ Appalachian sand cherry N 10 PT N 9 S3 N Dry, exposed rock outcrops and mountain tops. Prunus serotina Wild black cherry N 1 N 1 FACU Woods and fencerows. Prunus subhirtella Higan cherry I 0 na N Disturbed woods. 57 of 79 PA CC PA Rank PE PU 0 SH S1 S3 S1 S1.1 NJ: Pine Barrens, roadsides. S3 NJ: intermittent pond. na SH S2 7 N Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Prunus virginiana Choke cherry N 7 Pseudognaphalium helleri heller's cudweed na syn Pseudognaphalium macounii Macoun's cudweed na syn Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium sweet everlasting na syn Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana Carolina clubmoss na syn 10 Pseudosasa japonica Hairy Bamboo na I 0 Ptelea trifoliata Hoptree/ Three-leaved Hop Tree N 8 N 7 Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum Northern bracken fern N 4 N 2 Ptilimnium capillaceum var pseudocaudaum Mock Bishop's-weed na N 5 Puccinellia distans Alkali grass/European Alkili-grass I I 0 Puccinellia fasciculata Torrey's Meadow-grass/ Salt Marsh Alkalai Grass na N 7 Puccinellia pallida Pale Meadow-grass na N 8 Pueraria lobata Kudzu I I 0 Pycnanthemum clinopodioides Basil Mountain-mint N N 10 Pycnanthemum incanum Mountain-mint N 6 N 4 Pycnanthemum muticum Mountain-mint N 5 N 4 Pycnanthemum setosum Awned mountain mint na N 9 Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Mountain-mint N N 4 Pycnanthemum torrei Torrey's mountain-mint N N 10 Pycnanthemum verticillatum Whorled mountain mint na na Pycnanthemum verticillatum var. pilosum Mountain-mint N Pycnanthemum verticillatum var. verticillatum Mountain-mint N 5 N 6 Pycnanthemum virginianum Mountain-mint N 4 N 4 Pyrola americana Wild lily-of-the-valley N 6 syn 8 Pyrola chlorantha Wintergreen/ Green-flowered Pyrola N 8 N 10 Pyrola elliptica Shinleaf N 6 N 7 Pyrola rotundifolia Round-leaved Pyrola na N 8 Pyrrhopappus carolinianus False dandelion I N 0 Pyrus angustifolia Narrow-leaved Wild Crab na Pyrus calleryana Callery pear I 0 I 0 N Cultivated/escaped Pyrus communis Pear I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally persisting at abandoned home sites. Pyrus coronaria Wild Crab na N Pyrus ioensis Prairie Wild Crab na I 0 Pyrus malus Apple na I 0 Pyxidanthera barbulata Pyxie moss na N 8 Quercus alba White oak N N 4 FACU A dominant forest tree on dry to moist sites. Quercus alba x bicolor Jack's oak N N Low woods and creek banks. Quercus alba x montana Saul oak N N 5 N Rocky, upland woods. Quercus bicolor Swamp white oak N 7 N 7 FACW+ Low, moist forests and wooded swamps. Quercus coccinea Scarlet oak N 4 N 6 N Dry upper slopes and ridges, in poor soil. Quercus coccinea x rubra Bender oak N Quercus falcata Southern red oak N 7 Quercus ilicifolia Scrub oak N 8 Quercus ilicifolia x rubra Fernald's oak N Quercus ilicifolia x velutina Rehder oak N Quercus imbricaria Shingle oak N N Quercus imbricaria x palustris Oak N na Quercus lyrata Over-cup Oak na N 9 Quercus macrocarpa Bur oak I 0 N 10 FAC- Dry to moist forests, in neutral or calcareous soils. NJ: Prairie fen. Quercus marilandica Blackjack oak N 8 N 6 N Dry, sterile soils, serpentine barrens. 58 of 79 PA Rank PT 0 0 4 NJ List NJ CC N 2 NJ Rank S1 Comments FACU Rocky upland woods. FAC Stream banks and roadside thickets. FACU Open woods and barrens, in sandy acidic soils. OBL Roadsides, waste ground and ballast. S2 NJ: Southern coastal plain, sandy, wet. NJ: Intermittent ponds, throughout. S1 N Waste ground and woods edges, escaped from cultivation. N Dry slopes. N Old fields, thickets and barrens. FACW Moist woods, thickets, meadows and swales. S3 S1 na 0 Wetlands S1 NJ: Coastal plain marshes. FACW Moist old fields, sandy river banks or floodplains. N Upland woods and thickets. FAC Rocky meadows. FAC Abandoned fields, swampy meadows, marshes and woods. FAC Boggy fields, swamps and moist woods. FAC Woods. UPL Dry woods. UPL Dry to moist woods, on rich soils. NJ: Shaded. S1 syn 4 na PE N Woods. N 6 FACU- Dry to moist woodlands on or near the Coastal Plain. N 7 N Dry ridge tops and barrens, in sterile, sandy soil. na N Dry, acidic woods. na N Dry, rocky woods. FAC Moist, rich bottomlands of southwest counties. N Edge of alluvial meadow. 5 S1 NJ: Poorly drained wet clay, coastal plain, edge. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List NJ CC NJ Rank Quercus marilandica x velutina Bush oak N na Quercus michauxii Basket Oak na N 8 S3 Quercus montana Chestnut oak N 6 N 4 Quercus muhlenbergii Yellow oak N Quercus nigra Water Oak na 8 N 8 S3 N 8 S1 Quercus palustris Pin oak N 3 N 3 FACW Low, moist or seasonally wet woods or swamps. Quercus phellos Willow oak N 8 N 4 FAC+ Low, moist or seasonally wet woods. Quercus phellos x rubra Bartram oak N N Low, moist woods on or near the Coastal Plain. Quercus prinoides Dwarf chestnut oak N N Dry, rocky ridgetops and slopes and serpentine barrens. Quercus prinus Chestnut Oak na Quercus robur English oak I 0 na N Cultivated and sometimes escaped. Quercus rubra Northern red oak N 4 N 7 FACU- A dominant forest tree on moist to dry sites. Quercus stellata Post oak N 7 N 6 UPL Dry woods and hillsides, serpentine barrens. Quercus velutina Black oak N 4 N 6 N A dominant forest tree on moist to dry soils. Ranunculus abortivus Kidney-leaf Buttercup na Ranunculus abortivus var. abortivus Small-flowered crowfoot N N 1 na FACW- Low woods, clearings and damp shores. Ranunculus abortivus var. eucyclus Small-flowered crowfoot N na FACW- Low woods, clearings and damp shores. Ranunculus acris Common meadow buttercup/ Tall Buttercup I FAC+ Pastures, lawns and other open areas. Ranunculus allegheniensis Mountain Crowfoot/ Allegheny Mountain buttercup na N Ranunculus ambigens Water-plantain spearwort N N 10 OBL Swamps and muddy ditches.NJ: North Jersey lake shores. Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus White water-crowfoot N N 8 OBL Lakes, ponds, and other slow moving water Ranunculus arvensis Corn Crowfoot na I 0 Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous buttercup I 0 I 0 Ranunculus caricetorum Marsh buttercup N 7 syn UPL Open woods, pastures and fields. FAC Woods, meadows and alluvial thickets. Ranunculus cymbalaria Seaside Crowfoot na N 5 SH Ranunculus fascicularis Early buttercup N 9 N 10 S1 FACU Open woods, slopes and edges, often calcareous. Ranunculus ficaria Lesser celandine I 0 I 0 N Naturalized in low woods, floodplains and meadows. Ranunculus flabellaris Yellow water-crowfoot N N 5 Ranunculus flammula var. filiformis Creeping spearwort N N 10 OBL Quiet water and muddy shores. FACW Ranunculus hederaceus Long-stalked crowfoot N Gravelly or sandy shores. na OBL Shallow water or moist depressions. Ranunculus hispidus Hairy buttercup N na FAC Dry rocky to rich moist oak and oak-hickory woods. Ranunculus hispudus var caricetorum Hairy Buttercup na N 9 Ranunculus hispudus var hispudus na N 4 Ranunculus longirostris White Water Crowfoot na N 8 S2 Ranunculus micranthus Small-flowered crowfoot N 7 N 7 S2 FACU Moist to dry, shaly slopes and alluvium. Ranunculus parviflorus Stickseed Crowfoot na 0 I 0 Ranunculus pensylvanicus Bristly crowfoot N N 5 S3 OBL Wet meadows, ditches and marshy bottomland. Ranunculus pusillus var pusillus Low spearwort N N 8 S2 OBL Swamps, ditches and shallow pools. Ranunculus recurvatus Hooked crowfoot N 3 N 3 FAC+ Damp or swampy woods or stream edges. Ranunculus repens Creeping buttercup I 0 I 5 SH FAC Wet, open ground, ditches and swales. Ranunculus reptans Creeping buttercup I 0 I 5 SH FAC Wet, open ground, ditches and swales. Ranunculus Ranunculus sardous Hairy buttercup I 0 I 0 UPL Roadsides and waste places. sceleratus Celery-leaved crowfoot/ Cursed Crowfoot N 1 N 2 OBL Ditches, pools and springy areas. Ranunculus septentrionalis Swamp Buttercup na syn Ranunculus subrigidus Stiff White Water Crowfoot na syn Ranunculus trichophyllus var trichophyllus White Water crowfoot na N 59 of 79 PA CC PA Rank PE NJ List na 8 2 0 7 N 8 N 4 I 0 Wetlands Comments N Dry, rocky woods. NJ: Flood plain, South Jersey. FACW A dominant forest tree on dry slopes and ridgetops, in acidic soils. UPL Wooded slopes, on limestone. NJ: Cape May. S1.1 8 S2 S3 S2 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Raphanus raphanistrum Wild radish I Raphanus sativus Garden radish I Ratibida columnifera Coneflower Ratibida pinnata Prairie coneflower Reseda alba White Mignonette na Reseda lutea Yellow mignonette I 0 Reseda luteola Dyer's rocket I Reseda odorata Mignonette I Rhamnus alnifolia Alder-leaved buckthorn N Rhamnus cathartica Buckthorn I Rhamnus davurica Buckthorn Rhamnus frangula Rhamnus PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 0 I 0 I I 0 I 0 Wetlands Comments 0 N Waste ground. 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides and old fields. I 0 N Fields, wharves and docks. I 0 N Dry fields, limestone upland and open roadsides. I 0 I 0 N Waste ground, often on limestone. 0 I 0 N Ballast and waste ground, formerly cultivated. 0 I 0 N Refuse dump. N 7 OBL Fens, calcareous marshes and wet thickets. 0 I 0 N Open woods, pastures, fencerows and roadside banks. I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally spreading to old fields and roadside thickets. Alder buckthorn I 0 I N Cultivated and escaped to fields, thickets and roadside banks. lanceolata Lanceolate buckthorn N na N Boggy fields, stream banks and calcareous woods. Rhexia aristosa Awned Meadow Beauty na N 10 S1 NJ: Coastal plain, intermittent ponds. Rhexia interior Showy Meadow Beauty na N 10 S1 NJ: Coastal plain, intermittent ponds. Rhexia mariana Maryland Meadow Beauty na N 4 Rhexia virginica Meadow-beauty N N 4 Rhododendron arborescens Smooth azalea N Rhododendron atlanticum Dwarf azalea na Rhododendron calendulaceum Flame azalea na Rhododendron canadense Rhodora n/a Rhododendron maximum Rosebay N Rhododendron periclymenoides Pinxter-flower Rhododendron prinophyllum Mountain azalea Rhododendron viscosum Rhodotypos PE 8 NJ Rank 0 NJ: Damp fields. na PE 10 N 10 S1 na N 10 7 N 8 N 5 N 5 N 8 N 8 Swamp azalea N 8 N 6 scandens Jetbead I 0 na Rhus aromatica Fragrant sumac na N 4 Rhus copallina var. copallina Shining sumac N N 2 Rhus copallina var. latifolia Shining sumac N 4 na Rhus glabra Smooth sumac N 3 N Rhus typhina Staghorn sumac N 1 Rhynchospora alba White beak-rush N 8 Rhynchospora capillacea Capillary beak-rush; hair-like beaked-rush N 9 Rhynchospora capitellata Beak-rush; brownish beaked-rush N 8 Rhynchospora cephalantha large-headed beaked-rush Rhynchospora chalarocephala loose-headed beaked-rush Rhynchospora filifolia Rhynchospora OBL Moist fields, marshes, vernal ponds and other open areas on moist, sandy soils. FAC Moist, rocky woods and swamps. FAC Sandy, open woods. N Abandoned pasture land. FAC Moist woods, swamps and ravines. FAC Dry to moist, acidic woods. FAC Open woods, bogs and swamps. FACW+ Swamps, bogs and wet woods. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. S1 S3 NJ: Upland Somerset, Middlesex, Mercer. N Dry, open woods, thickets and old fields. N Serpentine barrens, shale barrens, old fields and rocky slopes. 2 N Shale barrens, old fields and dry, open slopes. N 2 N Dry, open soil of old fields, roadsides and woods edges. N 6 OBL Bogs and swamps.NJ: North. N 10 OBL Calcareous swamps and fens. N 3 OBL Boggy meadows, low open woods, abandoned gravel pits and vernal ponds. na N 10 na N 6 thread-leaved beaked-rush na N 10 fusca brownbeaked-rush na N 8 Rhynchospora globularis Beak-rush; grass-like beaked-rush N N 10 S1 Rhynchospora glomerata clustered beaked-rush na N 5 SH Rhynchospora gracilenta slender beaked-rush na N 8 Rhynchospora inundata Slender horned-rush na N 10 S2 NJ: Pine Barresn. Rhynchospora kneiskernii Kneiskern's beaked-rush na N 4 S2 NJ: Borrow pits, flood plains, Pine barrens. Rhynchospora macrostachya Large-spiked Horned -rush na N 7 Rhynchospora microcephala Small-headed beaked-rush na N 10 S1 NJ: Pine Barrens Rhynchospora nitens Short-beaked bald-rush na N 8 S2 NJ: Pine Barrens. Rhynchospora oligantha Few-flowered beaked-rush na N 10 S2 NJ: Pine Barrens. 60 of 79 8 PE S1 S3 NJ: Savannah. NJ: Road edges. S1 NJ: Pine Barrens. NJ: Pine barrens FACW Sandy shores, swamps and sphagnum bogs. NJ: Pine Barrens NJ: Pine Barrens. NJ: Coastal Plains, pines. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List Rhynchospora pallida Pale beaked-rush Rhynchospora rariflora Rhynchospora scirpoides Rhynchospora PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank na N 6 S3 NJ: Pitch Pine lowlands, cedar swamp. Rare-flowered beaked-rush na N 10 S1 NJ: Pine Barrens. Long-beaked bald-rush na N 8 S2 NJ: Pine Barrens torreyana Torrey's beaked rush na N 6 Ribes americanum Wild black currant N N 8 Ribes cynosbati Prickly gooseberry N N 5 Ribes glandulosum Skunk Currant na N 10 Ribes hirtellum Northern wild gooseberry N N 10 Ribes lacustre Swamp Gooseberry na N 10 Ribes missouriense Missouri gooseberry N N 10 N Rich woods.NJ: Hunterdon. Ribes odoratum Buffalo currant N 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to meadows and waste ground. Ribes rotundifolium Wild gooseberry N 8 N 10 N Rocky, upland woods and slopes. NJ: Shaded edges, Hunterdon. Ribes rubrum Garden red currant I 0 na N Cultivated and often naturalized in moist woods, thickets and banks. Ribes sativum Red Garden Current na I 0 Ribes triste Swamp Red Currant na N 10 Ribes uva-crispa var. sativum European garden gooseberry I 0 I 0 Richardia scabra Mexican Clover na 0 I 0 Ricinus communis Castor-bean I 0 na Robinia hispida Bristly locust I 0 I Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust I 0 Robinia viscosa Clammy locust I Rorippa amphibia x sylvestris Yellow cress Rorippa austriaca Field yellowcress Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Rorippa Rorippa 7 Wetlands Comments NJ: Pine Barrens. SH FACW Moist woods, swamps and thickets. N Thin, moist, often rocky, woods. NJ: Swamps, Sussex. FAC Calcareous marshes, swamps, rocky woods and cliffs.NJ: Bogs. NJ: Wet, cool ground, swamps, waters. S1 NJ: North. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to ballast or waste ground. 0 N Dry, open woods, slopes and roadsides. N 0 FACU- Open woods, floodplains, thickets and fencerows. 0 N 2 N Dry, open ground, thin woods or slopes. I 0 I 0 N Wet soil. I 0 na FAC- Fields and roadsides. Watercress I 0 I 0 palustris ssp. fernaldiana Marsh watercress N 2 N 2 OBL Wet shores and low, open ground. palustris ssp. hispida Marsh watercress N N 2 OBL Shores and wet ground. Rorippa palustris ssp. palustris Marsh watercress N N 2 OBL Wet soil. Rorippa sylvestris Creeping yellowcress I 0 I 0 FACW Wet soil. Rosa blanda var blanda Meadow rose/ Smooth Rose I 0 N 5 N Fencerows and hedges.NJ: Nonacid. Rosa canina Dog rose I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides and old fields. Rosa carolina Pasture rose N 5 N 4 UPL Fields, rocky banks, shale barrens and other dry, open ground. Rosa cinnamomea Cinnamon rose I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to dry, open fields. Rosa eglanteria Sweetbrier/ Eglantine Rose I 0 I 0 N Dry fields, shaly hillsides and roadsides. Rosa gallica French rose I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally persisting on old homesites or roadsides. Rosa micrantha Sweetbriar I 0 I 0 FACU Roadsides and old fields. Rosa multiflora Multiflora rose I 0 I 0 FACU Disturbed woods, pastures, old fields, roadsides and thickets. Rosa palustris var palustrus Swamp rose N 7 N 6 OBL Swamps and marshes. Rosa pimpinellafolia Scotch Rose na I 0 Rosa rugosa Rugosa rose I 0 I 0 FACU- Cultivated and occasionally escaped. Rosa setigera Prairie rose I 0 N? FACU Sandy old fields, open thickets, roadsides and fencerows. Rosa virginiana Wild rose/ Virginia Rose N 8 Rosa wichuraiana Memorial rose I 0 Rotala ramosior Tooth cup N 9 Rubus allegheniensis Common blackberry/ Allegheny Blackberry N 1 Rubus alumnus Old Field Blackberry na 61 of 79 PU PR SH N 4 FAC Pastures, fields, open woods, thickets and roadsides. I 0 N Fields, floodplains and waste ground. N 3 OBL Wet, sandy shores and other swampy, open ground. N 3 FACU- Old fields, open woods and clearings. N S3 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Rubus andrewsianus Andrew's Blackberry na N Rubus argutus Sawtooth Blackberry na N Rubus ascendens Claussen's Dewberry na N Rubus baileyanus Bailey's Dewberry na N Rubus bifrons Himalayan Berry na I 0 Rubus canadensis Smooth blackberry N N 6 Rubus cuneifolius Sand blackberry N N 3 Rubus depavitus Aberdeen blackberry na N Rubus discolor Himalaya Blackberry na I Rubus elegantulus Showy Blackberry na N Rubus enslenii Southern dewberry N 5 N Rubus flagellaris Prickly dewberry/ Norther Dewberry N 1 N Rubus floricomis Many-flowered Blackberry na N Rubus frondosus Yankee Blackberry na N Rubus gnarus Pollock's Mill Blackberry na Rubus hispidus Swamp dewberry/ Bog Dewberry N Rubus hypolasius Pineland Dewberry na Rubus idaeus var. strigosus Red raspberry N Rubus ideaus Red raspberry na Rubus illecebrosus Strawberry raspberry I 0 na Rubus laciniatus Cut-leaved blackberry I 0 I Rubus laudatus Plains Blackberry na N Rubus longii Long's Blackberry na N Rubus michiganensis Michign Dewberry na N Rubus novocaesarius New Jersy Dewberry na Rubus occidentalis Black-cap/ Black Raspberry N 1 N Rubus odoratus Purple-flowering raspberry N 8 N Rubus orarius Blackberry na N Rubus originalis Cold Spring Blackberry na N Rubus ostryifolius Highbush Blackberry na N Rubus parcifrondifer Silver Creek Blackberry na N Rubus pensilvanicus Blackberry/ Pennsylvania Blackberry N Rubus pergratus Upland Blackberry Rubus permixtus Thicket Dewberry Rubus pervarius Rubus philadelphicus Rubus Rubus 8 PA Rank PE 6 NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank Wetlands Comments N Cool, moist woods, rocky slopes and thickets. UPL Dry, open thickets and roadsides, in sandy soil. 7 FACU Sandy banks. 2 FACU Rocky or shaly slopes, cliffs and fields. S1 S1 0 N 5 N 5 SH.1 FACW Bogs, swamps, moist woods, thickets and barrens. 2 FAC- Rocky woods, clearings and thickets. N Thin woods, roadsides and fields. UPL Spreading from cultivation to roadsides, fields, sandy woods and waste ground. 1 N Sandy or rocky woods, wooded slopes and thickets. 6 N Cliffs, ledges and rocky, wooded slopes.NJ: Moist, shaded. N Thickets, rocky banks, woods, fields and waste ground. 0 N Roadsides, banks and thickets. 9 FACW Boggy or swampy woods and moist slopes. NJ: Northern woods. S1.1 FACU Dry, rocky or sandy soil. N 3 N N 0 S1 N SH.1 N 2 na N 3 na N Davis' Dewberry na N Philadelphia Blackberry na N phoenicolasius Wineberry I plicatifolius Plaitleaf Dewberry na Rubus pubescens Dwarf blackberry N Rubus recurvans Recurved Blackberry N N Rubus recurvicaulis Dewberry/ Arching Dewberry N N Rubus roribaccus Lucretia Blackberry na N Rubus semisetosus Swamp Blackberry na N Rubus setosus Bristly blackberry N N 10 SH.1 FACW Damp thickets and swamps. Rudbeckia fulgida Eastern coneflower/ Orange coneflower* N 8 PU N 5 S1 FAC Moist fields and meadows.NJ: Flood plains. Rudbeckia fulgida var. fulgida Eastern coneflower/ Orange coneflower* N 8 PU N 5 S1 FAC Moist fields and meadows.NJ: Flood plains. Rudbeckia fulgida var. speciosa Showy coneflower N PU N 7 SH.1 Rudbeckia hirta var. hirta Black-eyed-susan I 0 na FACU- Fields, meadows and roadsides. Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima Black-eyed-susan I 0 N 2 FACU- Fields, woods, meadows and roadsides. Rudbeckia laciniata Cutleaf coneflower N 5 N 5 FACW Floodplains, stream banks and wet fields. Rudbeckia triloba Three-lobed coneflower N 4 N 5 FACU Moist old fields, rocky woods and edges. Ruellia caroliniensis Carolina petunia N 8 N 10 SH N River bank. Ruellia strepens Limestone petunia N 9 N 10 SX.1 FAC Rich, wooded slopes, open woods, bluffs and roadsides, on limestone. 62 of 79 2 SH 0 I SH.1 N 6 N PT Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Rumex acetosa Garden sorrel I Rumex acetosella Sheep sorrel Rumex altissimus Rumex Rumex NJ List NJ CC Wetlands Comments 0 I 0 FACU Cultivated and occasionally occurring in fallow fields or waste ground. I 0 I 0 UPL Fields, lawns, waste places and shale barrens, in acidic soils. Tall dock N 6 N 2 FACW- River banks, alluvial thickets and wet ditches. conglomeratus Clustered Dock na crispus Curly dock I 0 I 0 I 0 FACU Cultivated fields, roadsides and waste ground. Rumex hastatulus Heart sorrel? Engelmann's Sorrel I 0 N 1 FACU- Alluvial meadow.NJ: Ocean County, fallow fields. Rumex maritimus Golden Dock Rumex maritimus var.persiccaroides Seashore Dock na N 1 na I 0 Rumex obtusifolius Bitter dock I I 0 Rumex orbiculatus Great Water Dock na N 10 Rumex patientia Monk's rhubarb/Patience Dock I 0 I 0 N Fields, railroad banks, roadsides and waste ground. Rumex pulcher Fiddle-dock Rumex salicifolius Willow-leaf dock I 0 I 0 FACW- Waste ground and rubbish dumps. I 0 I 0 FAC Shady banks, railroad ballast and waste ground Rumex sanguineus Woodland Dock Rumex verticillatus Water Dock na I 0 na N Ruppia maritima 6 Ditch-grass na N Ruta 8 graveolens Rue na I 0 Sabatia angularis Common marsh-pink N N 4 FAC+ Fields and meadows, dry woods, woodland edges and serpentine barrens. Sabatia campanulata Slender Marsh Pink na N 9 Sabatia difformis Lance-leaved Sabatia na N 9 Sabatia dodecandra Large marsh Pink na N 9 S2 NJ: Coastal plain. Sabatia dodecandra var dodecandra Large marsh Pink na N 9 S2 NJ: Coastal plain. Sabatia stellaris Sea Pink na N 9 Saccharum alopecuroidum Silver Plume-grass na N 8 Saccharum giganteum Giant Plume-grass na N 8 Sacciolepis straita American Cupscale na N 10 Sagina decumbens Pearlwort; decumbent pearlwort I 0 N 0 N Cracks between flagstones. Sagina japonica Japanese pearlwort I 0 I 0 N Lawns and dry, compacted soil around buildings. Sagina procumbens Bird's-eye; procumbent pearlwort I 0 N 0 FACW- Paving joints, lawns and dooryards. Sagittaria latifolia var. pubescens Wapato N 5 na OBL Moist meadows and river banks. Sagittaria australis Appalachian arrowhead/ Southern Arrowhead N 5 N 7 S1 OBL Alluvial meadows, wet woods and backwater pools. Sagittaria calycina var. calycina Mississippi arrowhead na N 8 S2 NJ: Tidal mud flats. Sagittaria calycina var. spongiosa Tidal arrowhead na N 8 S3 NJ: Tidal mud flats. Sagittaria cuneata Arum-leaved arrowhead na N 7 S1 NJ: Sinkhole ponds. Sagittaria engelmanniana Engelmann's arrowhead na N 4 Sagittaria filiformis Thread-leaved arrowhead na N 5 Sagittaria graminea var. graminea Grass-leaved sagittaria N 8 N 8 OBL Shallow water, mud flats and tidal shores. Sagittaria latifolia var. latifolia Wapato/ broad leaved arrowhead N 4 N 4 OBL Swamps, wet shores and shallow water of ponds and streams. Sagittaria rigida Arrowhead/ sessile-fruited arrowhead N 7 N 7 OBL Pond margins, mud flats and stream edges. Sagittaria subulata Awl-leafed arrowhead na N 10 S2 NJ: Tidal mud flats. Sagittaria teres Slender arrowhead na N 10 S1 NJ: Tidal mud flats. Salicornia bigelovii Dwarf glasswort na N 8 NJ: Salt marshes. Salicornia europaea Slender Glasswort na N 4 NJ: Salt marshes. Salicornia virginica Perennial Glasswort na N 7 NJ: Salt marshes. Salix humilis Upland willow na N Salix humilis var. humilis Upland willow N 7 N 8 Salix humilis var. tristis Dwarf upland willow N 8 N 8 Salix lucida ssp. lucida Shining willow N N 10 Salix alba var. alba White willow I 0 I 0 Salix aurita Eared willow I 0 na 63 of 79 0 7 PA Rank NJ Rank SH NJ: Ballast. FACU- Roadsides, woods and moist, open ground. NJ: Inner coastal plain, calcareous seeps. S3 NJ: Coastal plains, marshes. NJ: Savannah. NJ: Coastal plain. SH SH NJ: Shallow water, Cape May. NJ: Ditches. SH S1 NJ: Ponds. FACU Dry thickets and barrens, on sandy soils. FACU Moist barrens and thickets. FACW Swamps, low ground and wet shores. FACW Naturalized in low ground and along stream banks and roadsides. N Urban woodland Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Salix babylonica Weeping willow I 0 Salix bebbiana Long-beaked willow/ Bebb Willow Salix candida Hoary Willow na Salix caprea Goat willow I Salix cinerea Gray willow Salix discolor Pussy willow Salix eriocephala Diamond willow na Salix exigua Sandbar willow N Salix fragilis Crack willow I Salix lucida Shining willow na Salix myricoides var. myricoides Broad-leaved willow N Salix nigra Black willow N Salix occidentalis Dwarf Willow Salix pedicellaris Bog Willow Salix pentandra Bay-leaved willow I Salix petiolaris Slender willow N Salix purpurea Basket willow I Salix rubens Willow N Salix sericea Silky willow N Salix serissima Autumn Willow Salix viminalis Osier Willow Salsola kali Salsola; saltwort I Salsola tragus Russian-thistle Salvia lyrata Salvia nemorosa Salvia PA Rank NJ List NJ CC I 0 N 9 N 10 0 I 0 I 0 na N 5 N 2 N 9 0 NJ Rank Wetlands Comments FACW- Cultivated and occasionally naturalized. FACW Moist or dry thickets and edges. N Cultivated and occasionally spreading to thickets and roadsides. N Cultivated and rarely escaped. FACW Swamps and moist or wet woods. 4 FACW+ Shores and bottomlands. N 8 OBL Sandy or gravelly alluvial bars and shores. I 0 FAC+ Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides and woods edges. FAC Stream banks and swamps. FACW+ Swamps, wet meadows and rich alluvial soils. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. S2 N na 2 N 3 na N 10 na N 10 0 0 S1 na N 6 FACW+ Meadows and swales. I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in low ground. N Wet shores and roadsides. OBL Swamps, bogs, stream banks and low woods. na 6 N 6 na N 9 na N 10 0 N 7 FACU Alluvial meadows, waste ground and railroad ballast. I 0 I 0 FACU Waste ground, especially in sandy soil. Lyre-leaved sage N 4 N 4 UPL Moist pastures, thickets or woods. Woodland sage I 0 na N Railroad banks and cinders. pratensis Meadow sage I 0 I 0 N Dry pastures and waste ground. Salvia reflexa Lance-leaved sage I 0 I 0 N River banks, old fields, roadsides, cinders and quarry waste. Salvia verbenacea Wild sage I 0 I 0 Salvia verticillata Sage I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides. Sambucus racemosa var. pubens Red-berried elder N 7 N 8 FACU Ravines, moist cliffs and rocky woods. Sambucus canadensis American elder N 3 N 2 FACW Woods, fields, stream banks and moist roadsides. Samolus floribundus Water pimpernel na N 6 Samolus parviflorus Water pimpernel N 9 na OBL Ditches and moist shores, also on ballast. Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot N 3 N 8 UPL Rich woods and roadside banks. Sanguisorba canadensis American burnet/ Canada Burnet N 7 N 8 FACW+ Moist meadows, swamps, bogs and floodplains. Sanguisorba minor Salad burnet/ Garden Burnet I 0 I 0 FAC Cultivated and occasionally escaped to open, rocky ground, roadsides or ballast. Sanicula canadensis Canadian sanicle/ canada black snakeroot N 3 N 3 UPL Rich woods, rocky wooded slopes and roadsides. Sanicula gregaria Clustered black snakeroot N 7 syn 4 Sanicula marilandica Black snake root N 5 N 4 Sanicula odorata Yellow-flowered sanicle N 5 N 4 Sanicula trifoliata Large-fruited sanicle/ Black Snakeroot N 5 N 10 Saponaria officinalis Bouncing-bet; soapwort I 0 I Sarracenia purpurea Pitcher-plant N 9 Sassafras albidum Sassafras N 1 Satureja calamintha Basil-thyme Satureja hortensis Summer savory Saururus cernuus Lizard's-tail N S2 NJ: Streams. UPL Moist woods, wooded limestone slopes, bogs and barrens. FACU Moist, rich woods. N Rich woods, wooded slopes and stream banks.NJ: Piedmont. 0 FACU- Roadsides, railroad banks and other waste ground. N 10 OBL Sphagnum bogs. N 2 FACU- Old fields, hedgerows and woods edges. na I 0 na I 0 N 8 OBL Swamps and shallow water along the edges of streams. 64 of 79 7 S1 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank Wetlands Comments Saxifraga micranthidifolia Lettuce saxifrage N 10 na OBL Among mossy rocks of shaded streambeds and seepage areas. Saxifraga pensylvanica Swamp saxifrage N 8 N 10 OBL Wet woods, seepage areas, bogs and swamps. Saxifraga virginiensis Early saxifrage N 6 N 6 FAC- Moist or dry rock crevices and gravelly slopes. Scabiosa columbaria Pincushion Flower na Scandix pecten-veneris Venus' comb I I 0 I Scheuchzeria palustrus Scheuchzeria/Arrowgrass 0 na N Schizachne purpurascens 5 SH Purple Oat na N 10 Schizachyrium S1.1 scoparium Little Bluestem na N 3 Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium Little bluestem N N 3 FACU Old fields, roadsides and open woods. Schizaea pusilla Curly-grass fern na N 10 S3 Schoenoplectus acutus var acutus Hardstem bulrush na N 9 S3 Schoenoplectus americanus Olney's threesquare na N 9 Schoenoplectus fluviatilis River bulrush N N 9 Schoenoplectus maritimus Seaside bulrush na N 5 SH Schoenoplectus novae-angliae New England bulrush na N 10 S2 Schoenoplectus pungens Chairmaker's rush; common threesquare N 7 N Schoenoplectus purshianus Bulrush; Pursh's bulrush N 6 Schoenoplectus robustus salt-marsh bulrush Schoenoplectus smithii Smith's bulrush Schoenoplectus subterminalis Schoenoplectus 0 4 9 PR NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank NJ: Fens. OBL Moist, sandy shores and marshes, tidal and non-tidal. 3 FACW+ Marshes, moist shores, river banks and tidal mudflats. N 4 OBL River banks, stream margins and wet soil. na N 9 na N 5 Water bulrush na N 10 tabernaemontani Great bulrush; softstem bulrush N N 6 Schoenoplectus torreyi Torrey's threesquare na N 9 S1 Schwalbia americana Chaffseed na N 5 S1 Scilla sibirica Squill I Scirpus atrocinctus black-girdled bulrush/ Blackgirdled Woolgrass na N 10 S1 Scirpus atrovirens Black bulrush; dark green bulrush N N 3 Scirpus atrovirens x georgianus Bulrush na Scirpus cyperinus Wool-grass N 4 N 2 Scirpus expansus Wood bulrush N 6 N Scirpus georgianus Bulrush N 3 N Scirpus hattorianus Bulrush; mosquito bulrush N 4 Scirpus longii Long's wool-grass Scirpus microcarpus Bulrush; barberpole bulrush Scirpus pallidus Scirpus pedicellatus Scirpus 5 0 S2 OBL na Swamps, lake and pond margins, wet ditches and mudflats. NJ: Muckshaw ponds. N Cultivated and rarely escaped. NJ: Shaded, low wet ground, North Jersey, Inner coastal plain. OBL Moist meadows, marshes, bogs, pond and lake margins and stream banks. N Moist soil FACW+ Marshes, moist meadows, swamps, shores and ditches. 10 OBL Marshes and wet meadows. 3 OBL Swamps, moist meadows and wet woods. N 3 OBL Moist meadows, swamps, bogs, river banks and ditches. na N 9 S2 N N 10 S1 OBL Marshes, swamps and wet meadows. Cloaked bulrush na N 5 Stalked wool-grass na N 5 SH pendulus Bulrush; reddish bulrush N 6 N 7 S3 OBL Marshes, wet meadows, swampy floodplains, wet woods, moist sand flats and swales. Scirpus polyphyllus Bulrush; leafy bulrush N 4 N 5 OBL Swamps, woods and stream banks. Scleranthus annuus Knawel I 0 I 0 FACU- Dry, open ground, roadsides and shale barrens. Scleria minor Small nut-rush; slender nut-rush N N 10 FACW Sphagnum bog, swamp.NJ: Cedar swamps. Scleria muhlenbergii Reticulated nut-rush N N 10 OBL Moist, sandy meadows and boggy pastures. Scleria pauciflora var caroliniana Carolina Nut-rush na N 9 S2 Scleria pauciflora var pauciflora Few-flowered nut-rush/ papillose nut-rush N N 9 S1 Scleria reticularis Reticulated nut-rush na N 10 Scleria triglomerata Whip-grass; tall nut-rush N N 6 Scleria verticillata Whorled nut-rush N N 10 S1 Sclerolepis uniflora Sclerolepis/ Bog Buttons na N 10 S2 Scrophularia lanceolata Lanceleaf figwort/ Hare Figwort N N 5 65 of 79 4 NJ: Borrow pond, tidal marshes. na 10 8 PT 10 PU 6 NJ: Tolerates some disturbance. FACU+ Dry, open woods and serpentine barrens. FAC Sphagnum bogs, swampy meadows and moist serpentine barrens. OBL Moist, calcareous meadows, bogs and fens. FACU+ Low woods, thickets, river banks and roadsides. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Scrophularia marilandica Eastern figwort/ Carpenter's square N 1 Scutellaria elliptica Hairy scullcap na Scutellaria elliptica var. elliptica Hairy skullcap N 6 Scutellaria galericulata Common skullcap N Scutellaria incana Downy skullcap Scutellaria integrifolia Hyssop skullcup Scutellaria lateriflora Scutellaria NJ List NJ CC Wetlands Comments N 5 FACU- Alluvial woods, river banks, moist shores and roadsides. N 5 N 5 N Open woods, wooded banks and shale barrens.NJ: Dry edges. 7 N 5 OBL Bogs, swamps and marshy meadows. N 3 N N 5 N 4 N Rocky woods and roadsides. FACW Swamps, bogs and moist woods or fields. Mad-dog skullcap N 4 N 4 FACW+ Wet woods, bogs, lake margins, river banks, floodplains and swampy pastures. leonardii Small skullcap N 9 N 10 S1 N Open woods and shores. NJ: Traprocks and calcareous Scutellaria nervosa Skullcap/ Veined Scullcap N 7 N 10 S2 FAC Moist wooded slopes, stream banks and floodplains. Scutellaria serrata Showy skullcap N 8 N Rocky, humusy woods and floodplains. Secale cereale Rye I 0 I N Cultivated and occasionally occurring in fallow land or field margins. Sedum kamtschaticum ssp. ellacombianum Orange stonecrop I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. Sedum acre Love-entangle; mossy stonecrop I 0 I 0 OBL Cultivated and frequently naturalized on limestone cliffs, roadsides and waste ground. Sedum aizoon Stonecrop I 0 I 0 Sedum alboroseum Garden orpine I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally spreading to waste ground. Sedum album White orpine; white stonecrop I 0 I 0 N Occasionally spreading from cultivation. Sedum purpureum live-forever na I 0 Sedum reflexum Rock stonecrop na I 0 Sedum rosea Roseroot stonecrop N 10 Sedum sarmentosum Orpine; stonecrop I 0 I 0 FACU- Moist cliffs and ledges. N Cultivated and frequently escaped to dry, rocky soils and roadsides. Sedum spurium Orpine; caucasian stonecrop I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally established on roadsides or near dump sites. Sedum telephium Garden orpine I 0 na N Cultivated and frequently escaped to woods, old fields and moist ditches. Sedum telephoides Alleghany stonecrop na N 10 Sedum ternatum Wild stonecrop N 7 N 9 N Rocky banks, cliffs and woods.NJ: Piedmont, Wickecheoke floodplain. Selaginella apoda Meadow spikemoss N 4 N 2 FACW Moist meadows and stream banks, in circumneutral soils. Selaginella rupestris Rock spikemoss N 9 Sempervivum tectorum Hen-and-chicks na N 10 S2 N Dry, exposed ledges and slopes. I 0 Senecio anonymus Appalachian groundsel N 8 SH UPL Dry fields, open woods and serpentine barrens. Senecio aureus Golden ragwort N 5 N 4 FACW Moist fields, woods, floodplains and roadsides. Senecio jacobaea Stinking-willie I 0 I 0 N Clearings, urban waste ground and ballast. Senecio obovatus Ragwort/ round-leaved ragwort N 8 N 8 FACU- Moist fields, woods and calcareous slopes. Senecio pauperculus Balsam ragwort N 7 N 5 S3 FAC Fields, meadows, peaty thickets, stream banks and roadsides. Senecio tomentosus Woolly ragwort Senecio viscosus Sticky ragwort na N 7 S2 na I 0 Senecio vulgaris Common groundsel I 0 I 0 FACU Streets, gardens, roadsides and vacant lots. Senna hebecarpa Northern wild senna N 6 N 5 FAC River banks, sandy shores, and old fields. NJ: Pine Barrens. Senna marilandica Sericocarpus asteroides Southern wild senna N 10 N 5 FAC+ Dry roadsides and thickets. White-topped aster N 6 N 7 N Dry woods, fields and barrens.NJ: Pine Barrens. Sericocarpus linifolius Narrow-leaved white-topped aster N 7 N 7 N Swamps, bogs, serpentine barrens and sandy roadsides. Sesamum indicum Sesame I 0 I 0 N Rarely naturalized in disturbed areas. Sesuvium maritimum Sea purslane na N 7 66 of 79 PA Rank PE PE PR PE NJ Rank na 0 na N SX.1 S2 NJ: Low, op[en, sandy, Cape May NJ: Salt marsh edge, sand, dune hollows. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Setaria verticillata Bur Foxtail na Setaria verticillata var. verticillata Bristly foxtail I 0 Setaria viridis var. major Green foxtail I Setaria viridis var. viridis Green foxtail Setaria faberi Setaria Setaria PA Rank Wetlands Comments na FAC Waste ground and roadsides. 0 na N Fields and waste grounds. I 0 na N Cultivated fields, gardens and waste ground. Giant foxtail/Nodding Foxtail I 0 I 0 UPL Cultivated fields, roadsides and waste ground. geniculata Perennial foxtail N 3 N 3 FAC Dry to moist, open soil. glauca Yellow Foxtail na 0 I 0 Setaria italica Foxtail millet I 0 I 0 FACU Cultivated and occasionally escaping to roadsides and waste ground. Setaria magna Giant Foxtail na N 3 Setaria pumila Yellow foxtail I 0 na Sherardia arvensis Field-madder I 0 I Sicyos angulatus Bur cucumber N 2 N Sida hermaphrodita Virginia mallow N 10 Sida rhombifolia Arraow-leaved Sida na Sida spinosa Prickly sida I Sideritis romana Ironwort Silene antirrhina Silene Silene PT NJ List NJ CC I 0 NJ Rank S2 NJ: Low, wet, disturbed soils. FAC Fields, gardens and roadsides. 0 N Cultivated fields, lawns and pavement. 3 FACU Moist open soil, stream banks, roadsides or waste ground. FAC River banks, in moist alluvial soil. UPL Cultivated fields, roadsides, stream banks, waste ground and ballast. N Fields, believed to have been introduced in imported clover seed. N Dry, open woods, fields and waste ground. N Old gardens and waste ground. N Dry open woods, rocky slopes, roadside banks and shale barrens.NJ: Pine woods edge, thin woods. na I 0 0 I 0 I 0 na Sleepy Catchfly N 1 N 1 armeria Garden catchfly I 0 I 0 caroliniana ssp. pensylvanica Wild pink N 8 N 10 Silene conica Corn catchfly na I 0 Silene cserei Campion; Cserei's bladder campion I 0 I 0 N Alluvium and dry, open soil along railroad tracks. Silene dichotoma Forked catchfly I 0 I 0 N Fields and roadsides. Silene dioica Red campion I 0 I 0 N Ballast, waste ground, lawns and roadsides. Silene gallica Small-flowred catchfly I 0 I 0 Silene latifolia White campion I 0 I 0 N Moist ground of woods, fields and roadsides. Silene nivea Snowy campion N N 10 FAC Alluvial thickets. Silene noctiflora Night-flowering catchfly I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and escaped to upland woods and fields. Silene stellata Starry campion N 6 N 7 N Rocky, wooded slopes, roadside banks and barrens.NJ: thin wood edges. Silene virginica Fire pink na N 10 Silene vulgaris Bladder campion I 0 I 0 N Old fields, roadsides, railroad banks and waste ground. Silphium perfoliatum Cup-plant I 0 I 0 FACU Floodplains, abandoned fields and moist meadows. Silphium trifoliatum var. trifoliatum Whorled rosinweed N 2 na N Roadsides, dry thickets and meadows. Sinapis alba White-mustard I 0 I 0 N Waste ground and ballast. Sinapis arvensis Charlock I 0 I 0 N Fields, gardens and waste ground. Sisymbrium officinale var. leiocarpum Bank cress I 0 na N Gardens, fields and waste ground. Sisymbrium altissimum Tumble-mustard I 0 I 0 FACU- Fields, roadsides and waste ground. Sisymbrium officinale var. officinale Hedge-mustard I 0 I 0 N Gardens, fields and waste ground. Sisyrinchium angustifolium Blue-eyed-grass N 3 N 5 FACW- Damp soil of meadows, floodplains, fields and open woods. Sisyrinchium atlanticum Eastern blue-eyed-grass N 8 N 6 FACW Moist to dry, sandy, open ground of fields and thin woods. Sisyrinchium fuscatum Sand Plain Blue-eyed Grass na N 8 S2 Sisyrinchium montanum Strict Blue-eyed Grass na N 8 S2 Sisyrinchium montanum var. crebrum Blue-eyed-grass N N 8 Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michaux's Blue-eyed Grass N 6 N Sium suave Water-parsnip N 8 N Smilacina racemosa False solomon's-seal N 5 syn 67 of 79 S3 S1 NJ: Rocky face. S2 9 NJ: Pine Barrens. NJ: Sussex County. FAC Stream banks, woods and old fields. FAC+ Dry fields, roadsides and open woods. OBL Swamps, bogs, wet meadows and pond margins. N Woods and shaded edges. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC Smilacina stellata Starflower N 8 Smilacina trifolia Three-leaf False Solomon's Seal na Smilax glauca Catbrier/ Glaucus Greenbrier N 3 N Smilax herbacea Carrion-flower N 5 Smilax hispida Bristly greenbrier N 6 Smilax laurifolia Laurel-leaved Greenbrier Smilax pseudochina Halberd-leaved Greenbrier/ Bamboo vine Smilax pulverulenta Carrion-flower/ Hairy Carrion Flower N 5 N Smilax rotundifolia Catbrier/ Common Greenbrier N 3 N 2 Smilax walterii Red-berried Greenbrier na N 7 Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet Nightshade na I 0 Solanum dulcamara var. dulcamara Trailing nightshade I 0 Solanum dulcamara var. villosissimum Trailing nightshade I Solanum carolinense Horse-nettle Solanum nigrum Solanum Solanum NJ Rank Wetlands Comments N Swampy woods, bogs, stream banks and sandy shores. 3 FACU Dry to moist, sandy soil of fields, woods, thickets, swamps and roadsides. N 5 FAC Damp thickets, moist woods and floodplains. N 5 N Swamps, moist woods, thickets and roadsides.NJ: Hunterdon. na N 10 na N 5 syn N S1 S3 NJ: Cedar swamps. S3 S3 NJ: Damp woods. FACU Moist woods and thickets. FAC Moist to dry woods, thickets, roadsides, old fields and serpentine barrens. na FAC Wooded hillsides, bogs, wet thickets, roadsides and dumps. 0 na FAC Rocky streambeds, thickets and waste ground. I 0 N 0 UPL Fields, roadsides and sandy river banks. Black nightshade I 0 N 0 N Fields, woods and moist, disturbed ground. This taxon, apparently a mixture of the European rostratum Buffalo-bur I 0 I 0 N Cultivated ground and river banks. sarrachoides Hairy Nightshade na I 0 Solanum sisymbrifolium Sticky Nightshade na I 0 Solidago rugosa var. aspera Wrinkle-leaf goldenrod N 3 FAC Fields, swamps and waste ground. Solidago rugosa var. rugosa Wrinkle-leaf goldenrod N 3 FAC Fields, woods, floodplains, thickets, roadsides and waste ground. Solidago rugosa var. sphagnophila Wrinkle-leaf goldenrod N FAC Wet meadows, low fields and bogs. Solidago speciosa var. erecta Slender goldenrod N Solidago altissima Late goldenrod N 1 Solidago arguta var. arguta Forest goldenrod N Solidago bicolor Silver-rod Solidago caesia var. caesia Solidago canadensis var. canadensis Solidago N 2 N 6 N 6 N Dry, acidic, shaly banks. syn 2 FACU Wooded slopes, fields, river banks and roadsides. 6 N 8 N Rocky woods, dry thickets and roadsides. N 6 N 5 N Dry woods, wooded banks and shale barrens. Bluestem goldenrod N 5 N 6 FACU Rich woods. Canada goldenrod N 1 N 2 FACU Fields and roadsides. canadensis var. hargeri Canada goldenrod N 1 na FACU Wooded slopes, meadows and roadsides. Solidago canadensis var. scabra Tall Goldenrod na N Solidago elliottii Elliott's goldenrod na N 6 Solidago erecta Slender goldenrod na N 6 NJ: Sterile, snady soil. Solidago fistulosa Pine Barren's goldenrod na N 8 NJ: Pine Barrens, low, wet ground. Solidago flexicaulis Zigzag goldenrod N 6 N 7 FACU Moist woods and rocky, wooded slopes.NJ: North. Solidago gigantea var. gigantea Smooth goldenrod N 4 N 3 FACW Moist fields, swamps, marshy shores and swales. Solidago gigantea var. serotina Smooth goldenrod N 4 na FACW Moist meadows, banks and ditches. Solidago hispida var hispida Hairy goldenrod N N Dry, rocky slopes and wooded roadside banks. Solidago juncea Early goldenrod N N Fields, meadows, rocky slopes and roadsides. Solidago missouriensis Missouri goldenrod na Solidago nemoralis Gray goldenrod N 4 Solidago odora Sweet goldenrod N Solidago patula Spreading goldenrod N Solidago puberula Downy goldenrod Solidago rigida Stiff goldenrod/ Prairie goldenrod N S3 SH N 2 I 0 N 2 N Fields, woods and roadsides in dry, sterile soil. 8 N 4 N Dry, open woods. 6 N 9 OBL Swamps, floodplains and moist woods.NJ: marl seep. N 8 N 6 FACU- Rocky woods, thickets and roadsides. N 9 N 9 UPL Moist fields or thickets, in rich soil.NJ: Prairie, fens, limestone. 68 of 79 3 S3 S1 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC Solidago rugosa var. aspera Wrinkle-leaf goldenrod N 3 N Solidago rugosa var. rugosa Wrinkle-leaf goldenrod N 3 N 2 Solidago rugosa var. sphagnophila Summer goldenrod N N 6 Solidago rugosa var. villosa Wrinkle-leaf goldenrod N 3 na Solidago sempervirens Seaside goldenrod I 0 N 2 Solidago speciosa var. erecta Slender goldenrod N N 6 Solidago speciosa var. speciosa Showy goldenrod N 7 N 10 Solidago squarrosa Ragged goldenrod N 7 N 10 Solidago stricta Wand-like goldenrod na N 8 S3 Solidago tarda Late goldenrod na N 8 S3 Solidago uliginosa var. linoides Flax-leaf Bog Goldenrod na Solidago uliginosa var. uliginosa Bog goldenrod N 8 N 9 OBL Bogs, swamps, sedge meadows and fens. Solidago ulmifolia var. ulmifolia Elm-leaved goldenrod N 6 N 5 N Woods, wooded slopes, roadside banks and shale barrens. Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis Field sow-thistle I 0 I 0 UPL Roadsides, fields, railroad tracks and vacant lots. Sonchus arvensis ssp. uliginosus Indian-grass I 0 syn UPL Roadsides and waste ground. Sonchus arvensis var. glabrescens Sow-thistle na Sonchus asper Spiny-leaved sow-thistle I Sonchus oleraceus Common sow-thistle Sophora japonica Sorbaria N NJ Rank S3 S3 Wetlands Comments FAC Fields, swamps and waste ground. FAC Fields, woods, floodplains, thickets, roadsides and waste ground. FAC Wet meadows, low fields and bogs.NJ: South. FAC Dry, open fields and uplands. FACW Waste ground, ballast and roadsides where de-icing salts are used. N Dry, acidic, shaly banks. N Moist meadows, rocky woods, thickets and rocky roadside banks. N Mountain woods, rocky roadside banks and thickets.NJ: North Jersey Piedmont. NJ: Fens. S3 I 0 0 I 0 FAC Abandoned fields, roadsides and waste ground. I 0 I 0 UPL Roadsides, shores and urban waste ground. Japanese pagoda-tree I 0 na N Naturalized in disturbed urban forests sorbifolia False spiraea I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides, stream banks or moist thickets. Sorbus americana American Mountain Ash na N 10 Sorghastrum nutans Indian-grass N 5 N 7 Sorghum bicolor ssp. drummondii Shattercane I 0 na Sorghum bicolor Broom-corn na Sorghum bicolor ssp. bicolor Broom-corn I 0 na Sorghum halepense Johnsongrass I 0 I Sparganium americanum Bur-reed/ Slender Bur-reed N 7 Sparganium androcladum Branching bur-reed Sparganium angustifolium Sparganium chlorocarpum Sparganium S2S3 NJ: Ridges. UPL Moist or dry fields, roadsides and serpentine barrens. UPL Cultivated fields. UPL Cultivated and occasionally spreading to waste ground. 0 FACU Cultivated fields and waste ground. N 6 OBL Muddy shores and shallow water of rivers, streams, swamps or ponds. N N 8 OBL Wet meadows, swales, stream banks and shallow water. Narrow-leaved Bur-reed na N 5 SH Bur-reed/ Green-fruited Bur-reed N N 8 S3 eurycarpum Bur-reed/ Giant Bur-reed N N 7 Sparganium minimum Small Bur-reed na N 10 Spartina alternifolia Smooth Cordgrass na N 6 Spartina cynosuroides Big Cordgrass na N 7 Spartina patens Salt Marsh Cordgrass na N 5 Spartina pectinata Freshwater cordgrass/ Prairie Cordgrass N N 7 Spergula arvensis Corn spurrey na I 0 Spergula morisonii Pearlwort spurrey na I 0 Spergula pentandra Spurrey na I 0 Spergularia rubra Purple sand-spurrey I I 0 Spermolepis divaricata Rough-fruited spermolepis na I 0 Sphenopholis nitida Wedgegrass/Shining Wedgegrass N N 8 Sphenopholis obtusata Early Wedge-grass na N 8 Sphenopholis obtusata var. major Slender wedgegrass N syn 3 69 of 79 I 8 8 0 6 4 0 NJ: Ponds. OBL Slow-moving streams, lakes, bogs and wet meadows.NJ: North Jersey. OBL Bogs, swamps, lake margins, ditches and swampy meadows. S1 NJ: Warren County, shallow water, limestone. NJ: Salt, brackish, coastal. OBL Sandy shores and alluvial flats. FACU Dry, open, sterile soils. N Dry, rocky woods and roadside banks. FAC- Stream banks, open woods and alluvial thickets. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Sphenopholis obtusata var. obtusata Prairie wedgegrass/ Early Wedgegrass N 7 Sphenopholis obtusata x pensylvanica Wedgegrass N Sphenopholis pensylvanica Swamp-oats N Sphenopholis x pallens Tall Wedge-grass na Spiraea alba Meadow-sweet/ Narrow-leaved Meadowsweet N 6 Spiraea alba var alba Meadow-sweet/ Narrow-leaved Meadowsweet N Spiraea alba var latifolia Meadow-sweet Spiraea alba x latifolia Spiraea Spiraea PA Rank NJ List NJ CC N 8 NJ Rank na N Comments FAC- Serpentine barrens and other dry, open sites. FAC Wet woods, moist slopes and springheads. 10 S2 OBL Swamps, wet woods or springy meadows.NJ: Calcareous seeps, swamps. N 10 S1 FACW+ Bogs and moist, peaty meadows.NJ: Calcareous seeps, upper Delaware River. 6 N 10 S1 FACW+ Bogs and moist, peaty meadows.NJ: Calcareous seeps, upper Delaware River. N 6 N 2 N Swamps, marshes and rocky or boggy shores.NJ: Old fields. Meadow-sweet N 6 N 2 N Swamps, marshes and rocky or boggy shores.NJ: Old fields. betulifolia Corymbose Meadowsweet na billiardii Spiraea I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides or stream banks. Spiraea japonica Japanese spiraea I 0 na FACU- Cultivated and occasionally escaped. Spiraea latifolia Meadow-sweet N 6 syn FAC+ Bogs, moist woods, peaty barrens and swamps. Spiraea prunifolia Bridal-wreath spiraea I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally persisting on abandoned homesteads or roadsides. Spiraea tomentosa Hardhack/ Steeplebush N 6 N 5 FACW- Wet meadows, moist old fields, bogs and swamps. Spiranthes cernua Nodding ladies'-tresses N 6 N 4 FACW Moist, acid soils of meadows, open woods and roadsides. Spiranthes lacera Slender Ladies'-tresses na Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis Southern slender ladies'-tresses N 7 N 5 FACU- Dry, open woods, grassy meadows and roadside banks. Spiranthes lacera var. lacera Northern slender ladies'-tresses N 6 N 5 FACU- Open woods and grassy meadows. Spiranthes lacinata Lace-lipped Ladies'-tresses na N 10 S1 Spiranthes laciniata Lace-lipped Ladies'-tresses na N 10 S1 Spiranthes lucida Shining ladies'-tresses N N 10 S1 Spiranthes magnicamporum Great Plains ladies'-tresses N na Spiranthes ochroleuca Yellow nodding ladies'-tresses N N 5 Spiranthes odorata Fragrant Ladies'-tresses na N 7 Spiranthes romanzoffiana Hooded ladies'-tresses N na Spiranthes tuberosa Slender ladies'-tresses N 7 Spiranthes vernalis Spring ladies'-tresses N 9 Spirodela polyrhiza Greater duckweed N 3 Sporobolus asper Dropseed N na Sporobolus clandestinus Rough dropseed na N 2 Sporobolus compositus Composite Dropseed/ Rough Rushgrass na N 2 Sporobolus cryptandrus Sand Dropseed na N 7 Sporobolus heterolepis Prairie dropseed N Sporobolus indicus Smut-grass na Sporobolus neglectus Small rushgrass N 1 N Sporobolus vaginiflorus Poverty grass Sheathed Dropseed N 1 N Stachys hyssopifolia var. hyssopifolia Hedge-nettle na Stachys annua Annual woundwort na I 0 Stachys arvensis Field woundwort na I 0 Stachys germanica Hedge-nettle I I 0 Stachys hispida Hispid Hedge-nettle na N 5 Stachys hyssopifolia var. ambigua Hedge-nettle na N Stachys hyssopifolia var. aspera Hedge-nettle na N Stachys hyssopifolia var. hyssopifolia Hedge-nettle na N 5 Stachys palustris Marsh hedge-nettle na N 0 70 of 79 8 Wetlands N PE N? NJ: Morris County, Southern. syn 7 10 PE PE NJ: Wet swales. FACW Moist banks, lake shores and wet meadows, usually on calcareous soils. FACU- Wet meadows and fens on calcareous soils. FACW Shady woods and roadsides. NJ: Fens. OBL Bogs or rich, open woods. N 4 FACU- Grassy meadows, open woods and banks. N 4 FAC Moist, open, sandy soils.NJ: Salt marsh meadows. N 2 OBL Ponds, lakes, swamps and margins of sluggish streams. UPL Dry, sandy banks. N Dry, sandy or rocky soil. S3 NJ: low weed. NJ: Sandy prairie, coast. na I UPL Serpentine barrens. FACU- Dry, sterile or sandy soil.NJ: Sussex County. UPL Dry, sandy or sterile soil including serpentine barrens. FACW+ Fallow fields, trolley tracks, ore pits and other low, waste ground. N Roadside and woods edge. 5 FACW+ Fields and river banks. 5 FACW+ Fields and river banks. FACW+ Fallow fields, trolley tracks, ore pits and other low, waste ground. 0 S1 2 10 0 S3 NJ: Wet swales. S2 S2 NJ: Seepage discharge, floodland. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List Stachys palustris ssp. palustris Hedge-nettle Stachys palustris var homotricha Stachys sylvatica Stachys Stachys PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC N I 0 Marsh hedge-nettle na N 10 Hedge woundwort na I 0 tenufolia var hispida Creeping Hedge-nettle na N 5 tenuifolia var tenufolia Creeping hedge-nettle N 4 N 5 Staphylea trifolia Bladdernut N 5 N Stellaria alsine Bog chickweed; bog stitchwort N 6 Stellaria aquatica water chickweed Stellaria borealis Northern stitchwort/ Boreal Stitchwort Stellaria corei Stellaria NJ Rank Wetlands Comments OBL Stream banks, moist fields, woods and edges. NJ: Seepage discharge, floodland. NJ: Seepage discharge, wetlands. FACW+ Moist, wooded bottomland, river banks, wet meadows and fields. 8 FAC Moist, rocky woods and stream banks. N 5 OBL Springs, swamps, seeps and stream edges. na I 0 na N 10 Chickweed N na N Rocky hillsides, bluffs and open woods. graminea Lesser stitchwort I 0 N 3 FACU- Swampy woods, moist meadows, stream banks or moist shores. Stellaria longifolia Long-leaved stitchwort N 4 N 7 FACW Marshy open ground, swamps, rich woods and moist roadsides. Stellaria media Common chickweed I 0 I 0 N A common weed of fields and gardens. Stellaria pubera Great chickweed/ Star chickweed N 6 N N Moist rocky ground, alluvial woods and mesic forests. Stenanthium gramineum Featherbells N 8 na FACW Moist woods, fields and floodplains. Streptopus amplexifolius Twisted-stalk/ White twisted-stalk na N 10 S1 Streptopus rosea Rose Twisted-stalk na N 10 S1 Strophostyles helvola Wild bean N 4 N 2 FACU Sandy fields, railroad embankments and moist roadside ditches. Strophostyles leiosperma Wild bean I 0 I 0 N Railroad ballast. Strophostyles umbellata Wild bean N 8 N 3 FACU Woods, clearings and fields on sandy soils, also serpentine barrens. Stylisma pickeringii Pickering's morning glory na N 5 Stylophorum diphyllum Celandine-poppy I 0 Stylosanthes biflora Pencil-flower N 8 Styrax japonica Japanese styrax I 0 Suaeda calceoliformis Plains sea-blite/ American seablite na N 8 Suaeda linearis Tall sea-blite na N 8 Suaeda maritima Low sea-blite na N 8 Suaeda rolandii Roland's sea-blite na N 8 Symphoricarpos albus var. albus Snowberry N N 0 Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus Snowberry I 0 na Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Coralberry N 3 N 1 Symphyotrichum novi-belgii var. eloides Marsh New York aster na N 5 Symphyotrichum novi-belgii var. novi-belgii New York aster N N Symphyotrichum patens var. patens Late purple aster N 6 Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum Heath aster N 2 Symphyotrichum praealtum var. angustior Veiny-lined aster Symphyotrichum amethystinum Symphyotrichum boreale Symphyotrichum Symphyotrichum PE S3 S1 SH S1 na PE N 3 S3 na NJ: Bogs, Reservoir. N All confirmed records apparently naturalized from cultivated sources. N River banks, rocky or shaly slopes and sandy fields. N Cultivated; spreading to disturbed woods S2 NJ: Raritan salt marsh. NJ: Salt marsh. NJ: Salt marsh SH.1 NJ: Snad, mud. FACU- Rocky, wooded, limestone slopes and barrens, also escaped from cultivation. FACU- Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides and waste ground. UPL Open woods, thickets, old fields, and dry banks, also escaped from cultivation. 5 FACW+ Swamps and moist meadows. N 8 N Mesic woods and fields. N 1 UPL Fields, open woods, vacant lots and roadsides. na N 8 S1 FACW Woods, fields, thickets and roadsides.NJ: Fens. Amethyst aster N N N Moist thickets and meadows. Rush aster na N 10 S1 concolor Silvery aster na N 6 S2 cordifolium ssp. cordifolium Blue wood aster; heart-leaved aster N 4 N 7 Symphyotrichum depauperatum Serpentine aster N 9 na Symphyotrichum dumosum Bushy aster N 7 N 3 Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides White heath aster N N 10 Symphyotrichum ericoides var. prostratus Prostrate white heath aster na N Symphyotrichum laeve var. concinnum Smooth blue aster N 71 of 79 8 na S2 S1 NJ: Road edges. N Woods, meadows and roadsides. N Open areas of serpentine barrens. FAC Open woods, moist fields, bogs and swales. FACU Calcareous cliffs and outcrops. N Dry woods and serpentine barrens. S3 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve Smooth blue aster N Symphyotrichum lanceolatum ssp. lanceolatum var. lanceolatum Panicled aster Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Symphyotrichum Symphyotrichum NJ List NJ CC Wetlands Comments 6 N 5 N Dry woods, rocky ledges and roadsides. N 2 N 4 N Moist fields, roadsides, floodplains or waste ground. Calico aster N 2 N 3 FACW- Old fields, rocky woods, roadsides and waste ground. lowrieanum Smooth heart-leaved aster N novae-angliae New England aster N N 7 N Moist to dry woods. N 5 FAC Fields, roadsides, railroad tracks and waste ground. Symphyotrichum phlogifolium Late purple aster N N Open woods, old fields and rocky banks. Symphyotrichum praealtum Willow-leaved aster na N 8 Symphyotrichum prenanthoides Zig-zag aster/ crooked-stem aster N 6 N Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum Purple-stemmed aster N 3 N 8 FAC Swamps and low woods. 4 OBL Wet meadows, river banks and moist roadsides.NJ: North Jersey. Symphyotrichum racemosum Small white aster N 4 N 3 FAC Low meadows, floodplains and swamps. Symphyotrichum sagittifolia Arrow-leaved aster Symphyotrichum subulatum Annual salt marsh aster na syn 6 na N Symphyotrichum tenuifolium 4 Perennial salt marsh aster na N Symphyotrichum 8 tradescantii Tradescant's aster na N Symphyotrichum undulatum Clasping heart-leaved aster; wavy'leaved aster N Symphyotrichum urophyllum Aster N Symphytum officinale Comfrey I Symplocarpus foetidus Skunk cabbage Symplocos paniculata Sapphire-berry Syringa vulgaris Taenidia Tamarix 2 PA Rank NJ Rank na N 7 N Dry woods, shaly slopes and fields.NJ: North. N 6 N Grassy roadside slopes, fields and woods edges. 0 I 0 N Cultivated and frequently naturalized in fields, roadsides and waste ground. N 3 N 5 OBL Moist woods, swamps and bogs. I 0 na N Disturbed woods. Common lilac I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally persisting on roadsides or old home sites. integerrima Yellow pimpernel N 8 N 10 N Rocky woods and slopes. gallica Tamarisk na I 0 Tanacetum vulgare Common tansy I 0 I 0 N Roadsides, fencerows, fields and pastures. Taraxacum laevigatum Red-seeded dandelion I 0 I 0 N Woods, rocky slopes, lawns and rubbish dumps. Taraxacum officinale Common dandelion I 0 I 0 FACU- Fields, roadsides, lawns, gardens and waste ground. Taxodium distichum Bald cypress I 0 I 0 OBL Persisting at old nurseries or other sites of cultivation. Taxus canadensis Canadian yew N 7 N 10 FAC Cool, moist, rocky slopes and ravines. Taxus cuspidata Japanese yew I 0 I 0 Teesdalia nudicaulis Shepher's cress na I 0 Tephrosia virginiana Goat's-rue N 8 N 5 N Dry woods and openings, in sandy, acidic soils. Tetragonia tetragonioides New Zealand spinach I 0 na N Cultivated and very rarely escaped. Teucrium canadense American germander na N 10 Teucrium canadense var. virginicum Wild germander N 3 N 4 FACW Floodplains, moist fields, fencerows and lake margins. Teucrium canadense var.occidental Hairy germander N 3 N 4 FACW Floodplains, moist fields, fencerows and lake margins. Thalictrum dasycarpum Purple Meadow Rue na N 8 Thalictrum dioicum Early meadow-rue N 6 N 8 FAC Rich, rocky woods and ravines. Thalictrum pubescens Tall meadow-rue N 3 N 5 FACW+ Wet meadows, low open woods and swamps. Thalictrum revolutum Purple meadow-rue/ Waxy meadow Rue N 8 N 5 UPL Dry, open woods and barrens. Thalictrum thalictroides Rue anemone N 6 syn 7 FACU- Rich woods. Thaspium trifoliatum var. trifoliatum Meadow-parsnip I 0 N 3 S3 N Woods, wooded slopes and edges.NJ: Mercer, Hunterdon, Somerset. Thaspium barbinode Hairy-joint meadow-parsnip N 6 N 10 SX UPL Open woods, wooded slopes and roadside banks. Thaspium trifoliatum var. flavum Meadow-parsnip N 7 na N Rich woods, ravines and roadsides. Thaspium trifoliatum var. trifoliatum Purple meadow-parsnip I 0 N 7 N Woods, wooded slopes and edges.NJ: Mercer, Hunterdon, Somerset. Thelypteris noveboracensis New York fern N 4 N 3 FAC Moist woods, thickets and swamps, in humus-rich, moderately acidic soils. 72 of 79 6 S2 SH NJ: North Jersey and fens. S3 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC N 4 na N 5 na I 0 Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens Marsh fern N 5 Thelypteris simulata Massachusetts fern Thermopsis mollis Alleghany Thermopsis Thlaspi alliaceum Garlic pennycress I 0 na Thlaspi arvense Field pennycress I 0 I Thlaspi perfoliatum Pennycress; perfoliate pennycress I 0 I Thuja occidentalis Arbor-vitae/ Northern white cedar I 0 N 10 Thymus pulegioides Creeping thyme I 0 N 1 Thymus serpyllum Wild thyme na I 0 Tiarella cordifolia Foamflower N N 10 Tilia americana Basswood na N 7 Tilia americana var. americana Basswood N N 7 FACU Rich woods. Tilia americana var. heterophylla White basswood N N 7 FACU Rich woods. Tipularia discolor Cranefly orchid N N 8 S3 FACU Deciduous woods and stream banks. Tofieldia racemosa False Asphodel na N 10 S1 Torilis japonica Japanese hedge-parsley I 0 I 0 N Fields, thickets and waste ground. Torilis nodosa Knotted Hedge Parsley I 0 I 0 Torreyochloa pallida var fernaldii Fernald's False Manna Grass na N 10 Torreyochloa pallida var. pallida Pale meadowgrass N N 8 OBL Swamps, marshes and ditches. Toxicodendron pubescens Poison oak na N 3 Toxicodendron radicans Poison-ivy N 1 N 1 Toxicodendron vernix Poison sumac N 8 N 7 Tradescantia ohiensis Spiderwort N 9 N 5 Tradescantia virginiana Spiderwort N 4 N Tragopogon dubius Yellow goatsbreard I 0 Tragopogon porrifolius Oyster-plant I Tragopogon pratensis Meadow salsify Trapa natans Triadenum fraseri Triadenum 8 5 6 PR NJ Rank Wetlands Comments FACW+ Marshes, wet meadows and bog margins, in acidic soils. N Roadside banks and waste ground, spreading rapidly along highways and roads. 0 N Roadsides and waste ground. 0 N Fields and roadsides. FACW Old homesites, abandoned nurseries or plantations. NJ: Calcareous fens. N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadside banks. FAC- Moist, rocky, wooded slopes. NJ: Flood plain. S1 S1 NJ: Rich woods, Hunterdon> S1 S3 NJ: Woods openings. FAC Open woods, roadside thickets, fencerows and edges. OBL Swamps, fens and marshes. FAC Moist fields, stream banks, alluvial woods and waste ground. 1 FACU Wooded slopes, shale outcrops, moist fields and roadsides, also cultivated. I 0 N Old fields, roadsides and railroad tracks. 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to railroad tracks, roadside banks or streets. I 0 I 0 N Fields, roadsides, railroad tracks and vacant lots. Water-chestnut I 0 I 0 OBL Shallow water of ponds. Marsh St. Johns-wort; Fraser's marsh st. john's wort N 9 N 10 OBL Bogs, swamps, moist meadows and seeps. virginicum Marsh St. John's-wort N 7 N 7 OBL Marshes, bogs, swampy woods, river banks and ditches. Triadenum walteri Walter's Marsh St. John's wort na N 10 Trianthema portulacastrum Beach purslane I 0 I 0 Tribulus terrestris Caltrop/ Puncture-vine I 0 I 0 Trichomanes intricatum Filmy fern N 10 N 10 Trichophorum planifolium Club-rush; few-flowered bulrush N 6 N 9 Trichostema brachiatum False pennyroyal N Trichostema dichotomum Blue-curls N Trichostema setaceum Narrow-leaved Blue Curls na Tridens flavus Purpletop N Tridens flavus var. chapmanii Chapman's Redtop na Trientalis borealis Star-flower N 7 Trifolium arvense Rabbit's-foot clover I Trifolium aureum Large yellow hop-clover Trifolium campestre Trifolium Trifolium S2 S3 S1 S1.1 na N Ballast, ore heaps and railroad tracks. N Heavily shaded, moist crevices and overhangs in noncalcareous rock. N Woods and dry, rocky slopes. N Open woods, rocky shores, shale barrens and dry slopes. N Open woods, fields, rock outcrops, barrens, and dry roadsides. FACU Meadows, old fields and roadsides. N 2 N 2 N 1 N 5 N 7 FAC Moist woods and bogs. 0 I 0 N Dry fields and roadsides. I 0 I 0 N Roadsides, dry fields and waste places. Low hop-clover I 0 I 0 N Roadsides, old fields and waste places. dubium Little hop-clover I 0 I 0 UPL Dry roadsides, old sand pits and lawns. fragiferum Strawberry Clover na I 0 73 of 79 4 NJ: Swamps. 1 S2 SH.1 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC Trifolium hybridum Alsike clover I Trifolium incarnatum Crimson clover I 0 I 0 I Trifolium medium Zig-zag Clover na Trifolium pratense Red clover I Wetlands Comments 0 FACU- Roadsides, clearings and fields. 0 N Roadsides and waste ground, spreading from cultivation. I 0 I 0 FACU- Widely grown as a forage plant, also extensively naturalized on roadsides, pastures and fields. Trifolium reflexum Buffalo clover N N 5 N Woodland edges, fields and roadsides. Trifolium repens White clover I 0 I 0 FACU- Roadsides, meadows, old fields and lawns. Trifolium resupinatum Persian clover I 0 na UPL Lawns, fields, roadsides or stream banks. Trifolium stoloniferum Running Buffalo Clover na I 0 Triglochin maritima Seaside arrow-grass na N 10 Trillium cernum Nodding Trillium na N 8 Trillium cernuum var. cernuum Nodding trillium N 6 N 8 Trillium cernuum var. macranthum Nodding trillium N 7 na FACW Rich woods. FACW Moist, rich woods, often on calcareous soils. Trillium cuneatum Huger's trillium N na N Rich woods, nw Fl to Miss, N to upland NC and KY. Flower slightly ill-scented. Trillium erectum Wake-robin na Trillium erectum var. album Purple trillium N 8 na Trillium erectum var. erectum Purple trillium N 7 FACU- Moist, rich woods. na FACU- Trillium erectum x flexipes Trillium Moist, rocky, wooded slopes. N na N Trillium flexipes Rich woods. Declined trillium N na FAC Wooded hillsides, swampy woods and floodplains. Trillium Trillium grandiflorum Large-flowered trillium N 5 na N Rich woods and slopes. recurvatum Prairie trillium I 0 na UPL Apparently escaped from cultivation. Trillium undulatum Painted Trillium na Triodanis perfoliata var. perfoliata Venus's looking-glass N 0 FAC Roadsides, woods edges and moist meadows. Triosteum angustifolium Horse-gentian; narrow-leaved horse gentian N 7 FAC+ Woods and thickets. Triosteum aurantiacum var. aurantiacum Wild-coffee; orange-fruited horse gentian N 6 N Moist, rocky, limestone slopes and wooded ravines. Triosteum aurantiacum var. glaucescens Wild-coffee N na N Rich woods. Triosteum aurantiacum var. illinoense Wild-coffee N na N Rich woods and wooded hillsides. Triosteum perfoliatum Horse-gentian; feverwort N 7 N 8 N Moist woods, thickets, calcareous hillsides and roadsides. Triphora trianthophora Nodding pogonia/ Three Birds Orchid N 8 N 10 UPL Rich, moist woods, in humus. Triplasis purpurea Sand grass na N 4 Tripsacum dactyloides Gammagrass Gama Grass N N 5 Trisetum flavescens Yellow Oat na I 0 Triticum aestivum Wheat I 0 I 0 Trollius laxus Spreading globe-flower/ Globe Flower N 10 N 10 Tsuga canadensis Canada hemlock/ eastern hemlock N 6 N 8 Tulipa sylvestris Dutch-lily I 0 na Tussilago farfara Coltsfoot I 0 I Typha angustifolia Narrow-leaved cat-tail N 1 Typha latifolia Common cat-tail/ Broad-leaved Cat-tail N Typha x glauca Cat-tail Ulmus americana American elm Ulmus parvifolia Ulmus pumila Ulmus 0 N PE SH 8 N 9 N 0 N 8 N 8 S3 S1 NJ: Dunes. FACW Swamps and wet shores.NJ: Marshes. N Cultivated and frequently occurring on roadsides and edges of fields. OBL Moist calcareous meadows, open woods and swamps FACU Cool, moist woods and shaded slopes. N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in moist meadows, fields and roadsides. 0 FACU Woods, stream banks, roadsides, railroad tracks and waste ground. N 4 OBL Wet meadows, marshes, shores and ditches, often in calcareous or brackish habitats. 1 N 3 OBL Swamps, marshes, wet shores and ditches. N 2 N 3 OBL Pond margins and marshes. N 4 N 6 FACW- Stream banks and floodplains, in rich, alluvial soil. Chinese elm N 4 I 0 N Naturalized along roadsides Siberian elm I 0 I 0 N Naturalized from planted sources. rubra Red elm/ Slippery Elm N 4 N 8 FAC- Moist woods, stream banks and floodplains in circumneutral soils. Ulmus thomasii Rock Elm na N 10 Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle na I 0 74 of 79 4 PE NJ Rank PE S1 SX.1 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Urtica dioica ssp. dioica Great nettle I 0 Urtica dioica ssp. dioica Great nettle I Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis Great nettle Urtica urens Utricularia biflora Utricularia Utricularia Wetlands Comments na FACU Disturbed ground of thin woods, floodplains and edges. 0 na FACU Disturbed ground of thin woods, floodplains and edges. I 0 N 3 FACU Floodplains and thickets, in moist soil. Dog nettle/ Burning Netle I 0 I 0 N Disturbed soil. Two-flowered Bladderwort na N 9 cornata Horned Bladderwort na N 9 fibrosa Fibrous Bladderwort na N 9 Utricularia geminiscapa Hiddden-fruited Bladderwort na N 9 Utricularia gibba Humped bladderwort N N 9 S3 OBL Shallow water or exposed peat, sand or mud flats. Utricularia inflata Large Floating Baldderwort na N 9 S1 Utricularia intermedia Flat-leaved Bladderwort na N 9 S3 Utricularia juncea Rush Bladderwort na N 9 Utricularia macrorhiza Common bladderwort N N 8 OBL Lakes, ponds, swamps, marshes and ditches. Utricularia minor Lesser Bladderwort na N 10 S1 Utricularia olivacea Dwarf White Bladderwort na N 10 S1.1 Utricularia purpurea Purple Bladderwort na N 9 S3 Utricularia radiata Small Floating Bladderwort na N 9 Utricularia resupinata Reversed Bladderwort na N 10 Utricularia subulata Slender bladderwort N N 8 Utricularia vulgaris Common Bladderwort na Uvularia perfoliata Bellwort N Uvularia puberula Pine Barrens Bellwort na Uvularia puberula var nitida Pine Barrens Bellwort na Uvularia sessilifolia Bellwort N 6 Vaccaria hispanica Cow-cockle I Vaccinium angustifolium Low sweet blueberry N Vaccinium caesariense New Jersey Highbush Blueberry na Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush blueberry N Vaccinium fuscatum Black Highbush Blueberry na Vaccinium macrocarpon Cranberry N Vaccinium myrtilloides Sour-top blueberry N na Vaccinium oxycoccos Small Cranberry na N 9 Vaccinium pallidum Lowbush blueberry N 6 N Vaccinium stamineum Deerberry N 7 N Valeriana officinalis Garden heliotrope/ Great Valerian I 0 I Valeriana pauciflora Valerian N 8 na Valerianella chenopodiifolia Goose-foot corn-salad N Valerianella locusta Corn-salad/ European Corn-salad I Valerianella radiata Beaked Corn-salad Valerianella umbellicata Navel corn-salad Vallisneria americana var. americana Tape-grass N 5 N Veratrum viride False hellebore N 6 N Verbascum blattaria Moth mullein I 0 Verbascum lychnitis White mullein I Verbascum phlomoides Mullein/ Clasping-leaved Mullein Verbascum thapsus Verbena 4 PA Rank NJ List NJ CC NJ Rank S1 NJ: Fens. NJ: Borrow pits. S1 OBL Wet soil and very shallow water, often among mosses. FACU Moist, rich woods and slopes. syn 6 N 8 N 9 S2 N 9 S2 N 6 FACU- Moist, rich woods. 0 I 0 N Cultivated and escaped to railroad banks and waste ground. 8 N 8 FACU- Dry, open woods and barrens. N 6 N 5 N 6 N 4 5 9 NJ: Pine Barrens. NJ: Wet, well-drained ground. FACW- Moist woods, bogs and swamps.NJ: Weedy edges. NJ: Wetter. OBL Sphagnum bogs. FAC Bogs and swamps. 7 N Dry, acidic woods. 7 FACU- Dry, open, acidic woods and slopes. 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to woods, fields and roadsides. FACW Wooded stream banks and floodplain forests. N Mesic woods, floodplains, old fields and roadsides. N Moist, open ground and roadside ditches. FAC Moist meadows, swampy woods and roadsides. 6 OBL Riverbeds, streams and lakes. 7 FACW+ Wet woods and swamps. I 0 UPL Fields, roadsides, railroad embankments and waste ground. 0 I 0 N Roadsides, shaly banks, railroad cuts and vacant lots. I 0 I 0 N Roadsides and disturbed, open ground. Common mullein I 0 I 0 N Fields, roadsides, shale barrens, railroad embankments and waste ground. bonariensis Purpletop vervain/West Indian Vervain I 0 I 0 N Disturbed flood plain Verbena bracteata Prostrate vervain/Large-bracted Vervain I 0 I 0 UPL Ballast, wharves, railroad banks and sidewalks. Verbena hastata Blue vervain N 4 N 3 FACW+ Moist thickets, floodplains, wet ditches and roadsides. N 5 I 0 na N 1 na N 75 of 79 0 S2 SH S1 SH Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC Verbena hastata x urticifolia Vervain N Verbena officinalis European vervain I Verbena simplex Narrow-leaved vervain N Verbena stricta Hoary vervain I Verbena urticifolia White Vervain na Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa White vervain N 1 Verbena urticifolia var. urticifolia White vervain N 1 Verbesina alternifolia Wingstem N 5 N 2 Vernonia glauca Appalachian ironweed; broadleaved ironweed N 7 N 5 Vernonia noveboracensis New York ironweed N 3 N Veronica agrestis Field speedwell I 0 Veronica americana American brooklime N Veronica anagallis-aquatica Brook-pimpernel/ Water Speedwell Veronica arvensis Veronica NJ Rank Wetlands Comments N Swamps, sandy river banks, wet meadows, fields and rubbish dumps. FACU- Ballast, wharves, railroad tracks and waste ground. N Shale barrens, fields, railroad banks and roadside ditches.NJ: Ballast traprock. N Old fields and abandoned lots. na FACU Moist woods. na FACU Moist fields, meadows and waste ground. FAC Moist, wooded slopes, shaded lowlands and roadsides. N Dry fields, open slopes or clearings. 4 FACW+ Stream banks and wet fields, pastures or meadows. I 0 N Roadsides, urban waste ground and ballast. 5 N 7 OBL Moist banks, wet ditches and stream edges. I 0 I 0 OBL Wet fields, ditches and stream edges in shallow water. Corn speedwell I 0 I 0 N Woods, roadside banks, meadows and lawns. austriaca Speedwell/ Field Speedwell I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and rarely escaped to fields and roadsides. Veronica beccabunga European brooklime I 0 I 0 OBL Wet shores and ditches. Veronica catanata Water Speedwell/ Sessile water speedwell na Veronica chamaedrys Bird's-eye/ Germander Speedwell I 0 I 0 UPL Wooded slopes, roadsides and cultivated ground. Veronica filiformis Creeping speedwell/ Slender Speedwell I 0 I 0 N Lawns and open ground. Veronica hederaefolia Ivy-leaved Speedwell na I 0 Veronica hederifolia Ivy-leaved speedwell I 0 I 0 N Open woods, roadside banks, lawns and ballast. Veronica longifolia Speedwell/ Long-leaved Speedwell I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to roadsides and railroad banks. Veronica officinalis Common speedwell N 1 I 0 FACU- Woods, roadsides and shale barrens. Veronica peregrina Purslane Speedwell na I 0 Veronica peregrina ssp. peregrina Neckweed N 0 na FACU- Open woods, alluvial banks, gardens and waste ground. Veronica peregrina ssp. xalapensis Neckweed I 0 na FACU- Cultivated or recently abandoned fields and moist ground along railroad tracks. Veronica persica Bird's-eye speedwell/ Persian Speedwell I 0 I N Lawns, roadsides, cultivated fields and waste ground. Veronica polita Speedwell I 0 na N Lawns, fields, roadsides, disturbed ground and ballast. Veronica scutellata Marsh speedwell N Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved speedwell I Veronicastrum virginicum Culver's-root Viburnum acerifolium Viburnum alnifolium Viburnum Viburnum na 0 I 0 N 0 S1 I 0 N 2 N S1 S1 0 N 7 OBL Swamps, wet woods, ditches and swales. 0 I 0 FAC+ Lawns, fields, meadows and open woods. N 8 N 8 FACU Moist meadows, thickets and swamps. Maple-leaved viburnum N 5 N 8 N Woods and thickets. Hobblebush na N 9 cassinoides Witherod N 6 N 8 FACW Swamps, bogs and wet woods. dentatum Southern arrow-wood N 3 N 5 FAC Swamps and wet woods. Viburnum dentatum var venosum Veiny-leaf arrowroot na Viburnum dentatum var. lucidum Northern arrow-wood na Viburnum dilatatum Linden viburnum I 0 I 0 N Naturalized in early successional mesic woods Viburnum lentago Nannyberry N 5 N 7 FAC Woods, swamps and roadsides. Viburnum molle Missouri arrow-wood na Viburnum nudum Possum-haw N 9 N 9 OBL Wet woods and swamps. Viburnum opulus Guelder-rose I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped to woods, fields and roadsides. Viburnum opulus var. americanum Cranberry viburnum na N 9 76 of 79 N S2 syn na PE S3 NJ: Warren and Sussex Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Viburnum plicatum Doublefile viburnum I Viburnum prunifolium Black-haw Viburnum rafinesquianum Viburnum PA Rank NJ List NJ CC 0 I N 2 Downy arrow-wood N recognitum Northern arrow-wood Viburnum setigerum Viburnum sieboldii Viburnum Wetlands Comments 0 N Cultivated and occasionally escaped. N 5 FACU Woods, old fields, thickets and roadsides. 8 N 8 N Dry slopes, open woods or barrens. N 6 N 7 FACW- Swamps, boggy woods, swampy pastures and stream banks. Tea viburnum I 0 na N Naturalized in deciduous woods Siebold viburnum I 0 na N Cultivated and occasionaly escaped to disturbed woods and stream banks. trilobum Highbush-cranberry N 7 Vicia americana Purple vetch Vicia angustifolia Vicia caroliniana Vicia Vicia syn 9 FACW Swamps, fens and wet woods, also escaped from cultivation. N N 5 N Moist, gravelly shores, thickets, meadows or roadside banks. Narrow-leaved Vetch na I 0 Wood vetch N N 10 FACU- Rich woods and thickets, often on limestone. cracca Canada pea I I 0 N Fields, roadsides and floodplains. dasycarpa Downy Vetch na I 0 Vicia grandiflora Large-flowered Vetch na I 0 Vicia hirsuta Vetch I I 0 N Roadsides and waste places. Vicia latheriodes Spring Vetch na I 0 Vicia lutea Yellow Vetch na I 0 Vicia sativa ssp. nigra Common vetch na na FACU- Spreading from cultivation to waste ground and roadsides. Vicia sativa ssp. sativa Common vetch I 0 I 0 FACU- Cultivated fields and roadsides. Vicia tetrasperma Slender vetch I 0 I 0 N Roadsides and old fields, also moist serpentine barrens. Vicia villosa ssp. varia Hairy vetch I 0 I 0 N Roadsides, fields and disturbed ground. Vicia villosa ssp. villosa Hairy vetch I 0 na N Occasionally spreading from cultivation to fields and roadsides. Vinca minor Common periwinkle I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in woods, fields and on roadside banks. Vincetoxicum nigrum Black swallow-wort I 0 I 0 N Roadsides, stream banks and woods edges. Vincetoxicum rossicum Swallow-wort I 0 na N Thickets and edges. Viola affinis LeConte's violet/ Sand Violet N 4 N 5 FACW Rich moist woods, especially on alluvial soil. Viola arvensis European field pansy I 0 I 0 N Cultivated fields and waste ground. Viola bicolor Field pansy/ Wild Pansy N 0 N 0 N Fields and open woods. Viola blanda Sweet white violet N 5 N 6 FACW Moist, shady woods and cool ravines. Viola blanda var blanda Sweet white violet N 5 N 6 FACW Moist, shady woods and cool ravines. Viola blanda var palustriformis Large-leaf white violet na N 9 S3 Viola brittoniana ssp. brittoniana Britton's Coast Violet N N 8 S3 FAC Moist, sandy soils. Viola brittoniana var. pectinata Cut-leaf Coast Violet na N 8 SH Viola canadensis Canada Violet na N Viola canadensis var. canadensis Canada violet N N N Cool, shady woods and ravines. Viola conspersa American Dog Violet na syn Viola conspersa x striata Violet N na FACW Low, wet woods and moist thickets. Viola cucullata Blue marsh violet/ Marsh Violet N FACW+ Swamps, bogs and wet meadows. Viola cucullata x fimbriatula Porter's violet N N Rocky banks and open woods. Viola hirsutula Southern wood violet N 5 N 10 N Rich, dry, open woods.NJ: Upland woods Viola labradorica American dog violet/ Alpine Violet N 5 N 8 FACW Swamps, meadows amd alluvial woods. Viola lanceolata var. lanceolata Lance-leaved violet N 7 N 8 OBL Bogs, wet meadows and moist shores. Viola macloskeyi ssp. pallens Sweet white violet/ Northern whitw violet N 6 N 10 OBL Bogs, swamps and wet woods.NJ: Cool, part shade. Viola odorata English violet/ Sweet Violet I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally naturalized in lawns and woodland edges. Viola palmata Early blue violet/ Wood Violet N 6 N 9 N Rich, dry, open woods and edges.NJ: North Jersey. Viola pedata Birdfoot violet N 8 N 7 N Dry, rocky or sandy ground, shale barrens.NJ: Rocky edges 77 of 79 PR NJ Rank 0 0 PE 6 N 10 10 na S2 Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC Viola primulifolia Primrose violet/ Primrose-leaved Violet N 6 Viola pubescens Yellow Forest Violet Viola pubescens var pubescens Viola Viola NJ List NJ CC N 7 na N 7 NJ: Rich woods, a little drier woods. Downy yellow violet na N 7 NJ: Rich woods, a little drier woods. pubescens var. scabriuscula Smooth yellow violet N 6 N 7 N NJ: Damp woods. rostrata Long-spurred violet N 8 N 10 FACU Rich woods.NJ: Hemlock ravines. Viola rotundifolia Round-leaved violet/ Roundleaved Yellow Violet N 8 N 10 FAC+ Cool, moist, shady woods and banks.NJ: Hemlock ravines, Voorhees State Park. Viola sagittata var. ovata Ovate-leaved violet N 7 N 4 FACW Dry fields and woodland edges. Viola sagittata var. sagittata Arrow-leaved violet N 6 N 9 FACW Dry woods, fields and edges. Viola septentrionalis Northern Blue Violet na N 10 Viola sororia Dooryard Violet na N 10 Viola sororia var. missouriensis Missouri violet N na FAC Damp thickets and alluvial woods. Viola sororia var. sororia Common blue violet/ Confederate Violet N 1 N 2 FAC- Meadows and woods. Viola striata Striped violet/ Cream-colored violet N 5 N 7 FACW Moist, rich woods and floodplains.NJ: Bull's Island Viola subsinuata Violet N N Open or rocky woods and cliffs. Viola tricolor Johnny-jump-up I 0 I N Lawns and waste ground, an occasional garden escape. Vitex agnus-castus Chaste-tree I 0 na N Cultivated and rarely escaped to fencerows. Vitis aestivalis Summer grape N 4 N 7 FACU Upland woods and wooded slopes. Vitis labrusca Fox grape N 4 N 7 FACU Rocky woods, moist thickets and stream banks. Vitis labruscana Fox grape I 0 I 0 N Cultivated and occasionally spreading to dumps and roadsides. Vitis novae-angliae New England Grape na N 7 Vitis palmata Red Grape na I 0 Vitis riparia Frost grape/ Riverbank Grape N N 4 Vitis rupestris Sand grape N Vitis vulpina Frost grape N 1 N Vittaria appalachiana Appalachian grass fern N 10 na Vulpia elliotea Squirrel-tail Fescue/ Six-weeks grass na Vulpia myuros Rat-tail Fescue na Vulpia myuros var. myuros Foxtail fescue I Vulpia octoflora Six-weeks fescue na Vulpia octoflora var. glauca Six-weeks fescue N 0 N Waldsteinia fragarioides Barren strawberry N 9 N 8 Wisteria floribunda Japanese wisteria I 0 I Wisteria frutescens American wisteria N 9 Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria I 0 Wolffia borealis Dotted water-meal N Wolffia brasiliensis Pointed water-meal N Wolffia columbiana Water-meal N N 3 Wolffia papulifera Pointed Wolffia na N 5 Wolffia punctata Dotted Wolffia na N 4 Wolffiella floridana Florida Bogmat/ Sword bogmat na N 5 Woodsia ilvensis Rusty woodsia N 9 N 9 N Dry, sunny crevices of cliffs, ledges and talus slopes, in acidic to subacidic soil. Woodsia obtusa Blunt-lobed woodsia N 4 N 5 N Shaded rock crevices, talus slopes, sandy banks or masonry, in acidic to neutral soil. Woodwardia areolata Netted chain fern N 8 N 7 FACW+ Moist woods; in humus-rich, strongly acidic soils. Woodwardia virginica Virginia chain fern na N 5 Xanthium spinosum Spiny cocklebur I 0 I 0 FACU Waste ground, dump, cinders and ballast. Xanthium strumarium var. canadense Common cocklebur N 0 N 0 FAC Abandoned fields, cultivated ground and edges. 78 of 79 PA Rank NJ Rank 0 0 I 0 Moist woods, meadows and swamps.NJ: Cedar swamps. NJ: Rich, alluvial. FACW River banks and alluvial thickets. UPL River banks. FAC Woods, thickets, rocky slopes, roadsides and sand dunes. N Heavily shaded, moist crevices and overhangs in noncalcareous rock. S1 na NJ: Dry Barrens, inner coastal plain. UPL Open fields and banks in sandy soil. SU UPL Dry, sterile soil. S2 N Moist, rich woods and pastures. 0 N Roadside thickets and abandoned gardens. I 0 FACW- Alluvial woods and river banks. I 0 N Disturbed woodlands, abandoned nurseries and gardens. na OBL Ponds and swamps. na OBL Lakes, ponds and margins of slow-moving streams. OBL Lakes, ponds, marshes, ditches, swamps and bogs. N 3 4 2 FAC+ S1 na N Comments S1 na 4 Wetlands 0 NJ: Stagnant waters. S1 NJ: Calcareous ponds. Genus Epithet Common Name PA List PA CC PA Rank NJ List NJ CC Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum Common cocklebur N 0 N 0 Xanthorhiza simplicissima Shrub yellowroot I 0 na Xerophyllum asphodeloides Turkey-beard na N 9 Xyris carolinaina Carolina Yellow-eyed Grass? Sand yellow-eyed grass na N 10 Xyris difformis Yellow-eyed-grass/ Bog Yelloweyed Grass N N 4 Xyris fimbriata Fringed Yellow-eyed Grass na N 10 Xyris jupicai Richard's Yellow-eyed Grass na N 10 Xyris montana Mountain Yellow-eyed Grass na N 10 Xyris smalliana Small's Yellow-eyed Grass na N 7 Xyris torta Yellow-eyed-grass/ Twisted Yellow-eyed grass N N 7 Yucca filamentosa Adam's Needle na N 5 Yucca flaccida Adam's needle I 0 na Zannichellia palustris Horned pondweed N 5 N Zanthoxylum americanum Prickly-ash N 8 Zigadenus leimanthoides Large-flowered Death-camass na Zizania aquatica var. aquatica Wild-rice N 8 Zizia aptera Heart-leaved golden-alexander N Zizia aurea Golden-alexander N Zostera marina Eel-grass na Zosterella dubia Water star-grass N 9 9 PT NJ Rank Wetlands Comments FAC Fields, stream banks and roadsides. FACW Naturalized in disturbed woods near site of abandoned nursery. NJ: Pitch pine lowlands. S1 OBL Damp, peaty or sandy soil of swamps or bogs. OBL Sphagnum bogs and swampy meadows. S1.1 NJ: Dry sandy , old homesites. N Dry, sandy soil, old homesites and abandoned plantings. 9 OBL Streams, ponds, lakes, springs and tidal flats. N 4 FACU Stream banks, river bluffs and roadside thickets, usually on calcareous soils or diabase. N 10 N 8 OBL Tidal and non-tidal marshes. 7 N 8 FAC Woods, wooded slopes, clearings and roadsides. 6 N 5 FAC Wooded bottomland, stream banks, moist meadows and floodplains. N 9 N 6 OBL Lakes and streams.NJ: Ballast. 6 PR S1 PLANT STEWARDSHIP INDEX ©2006 Bowman's Hill Wildflower Preserve P.O. Box 685, New Hope PA 18938 215-862-2924 www.bhtp.org 79 of 79
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