5
The Selfish Giant
Word Power
1.
Pick out the different seasons from the lesson and make sentence of your own:
Example: autumn _______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2.
Find out the words which show the character of the giant.
Example: selfish ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3.
Make pairs of the synonyms and antonyms from the words given in the box
below:
Example: Paradise- hell
suspicious, innocent, jumbled, honest, sympathetic, cunning, hell persuasive, polite,
boastful, unconvincing, unsympathetic, credulous, impolite, arranged, paradise
Synonyms - Antonyms
32
Synonyms - Antonyms
Work Book
Synonyms - Antonyms
Speaking Time
Say these words aloud and write the appropriate vowel symbol representing the italicized letter(s) in the space provided. Check your answer with the help of a dictionary. The
first one is done for you.
(a)
Slate /eI/,
night ______,
go _______,
Like _____, year ______,
(b)
(i)
play _______.
cry________, over _______, allow ________.
One day the Giant came back
__________
__________.
(ii) The poor boy had to go.
__________
__________.
(iii) So we will live here.
__________
__________.
(iv) Why is the spring so late?
__________
__________.
Tenses :
The following exercises are meant to help the student establish the correct association of adverb and tense in English.
The simple present tense is used for permanent truths, habitual actions and states. It
is found with such adverbs as these: always, often, frequently, rarely, generally, sometimes, usually and such adverbial phrases as:
everyday (week, month), once (twice, several times) a week (month) and time clauses
beginning with:
whenever, every time that_________
Examples:
She often rests after lunch.
He visits the hospital several times a month.
They go to the theatre whenever they can.
1.
Guessing Game
Think of a boy/girl in your class and write 5 sentences describing his/ her habits/
traits
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33
Example:
Sumit always comes late to school
He sits in the second row.
He chews bubble gum all the time.
He brings a new pencil box every week.
He gets a good rank.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Here is an account of the daily routine of an English Teacher in her own words. Read
it carefully.
It is difficult being a working woman. Moreover, I have the difficult job of teaching
grammar. I wake up at 6 o’clock in the morning; have a cup of coffee and prepare for my
classes. I rush to work at 9:30 a.m. and after the day’s work, I reach home at 6 o’ clock. I
play with my niece, more often do something for my parents and go to bed at 9 p.m.
2.
Write a paragraph describing your daily routine:
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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Work Book
The simple past tense is used for habitual actions and states in the past. When it is
used in this way it usually has the same adverbs as the simple present tense:
examples : Last year I walked to the office every day.
My mother always went to Rajasthan for her holidays.
He got angry every time I asked for money.
3.
In this exercise you have to read a sentence about the present and then write a
sentence about the past.
example : Sumit usually gets up at 6:30. Yesterday he got up at 7:30.
1.
Sumit usually wakes up early.
Yesterday morning ________________________________________________
2.
Sumit usually walks to work.
Yesterday _______________________________________________________
3.
Sumit is usually late for work.
Yesterday _______________________________________________________
4.
Sumit usually has a sandwich for lunch.
Yesterday _______________________________________________________
5.
Sumit usually sleeps very well.
Last night _______________________________________________________
4.
In this exercise you have to write questions. A friend has just come back from
holidays and you are asking him about it.
example : where / go. Where did you go?
food / good. Was the food good?
1.
how long/ stay there? __________________________________________
2.
stay in a hotel? _______________________________________________
3.
go alone? ___________________________________________________
4.
how/ travel? _________________________________________________
5.
the weather/ fine? _____________________________________________
6.
what/ do in the evening? _________________________________________
7.
meet any interesting people? _____________________________________
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35
5.
Put the verbs in the brackets in the following sentences into the correct simple
tense, either past or present:
1.
He (come) to see me everyday last week.
__________________________________________________________
2.
We usually (have) breakfast at seven o’ clock nowadays.
__________________________________________________________
3.
Water always (freeze) at 0 degree centigrade.
__________________________________________________________
4.
I (have) my hair cut whenever it gets too long.
__________________________________________________________
5.
She (sing) very beautifully before she was married, but nowadays she (not sing).
__________________________________________________________
6.
She cooks very well but her sister (cook) much better when she was here.
__________________________________________________________
7.
Whenever I (go) to see him, he was out.
__________________________________________________________
8.
How often you (go) to the theatre when you were in America?
__________________________________________________________
9.
You (play) with dolls when you were a little girl?
__________________________________________________________
10. We all (study) Sanskrit when we were at school.
__________________________________________________________
The Present Continuous TTense
ense and the Sim
ple Present TTense.
ense.
Simple
It is used for actions in progress at the time of speaking. It may be used without any adverbs of time, because what is happening at the time of speaking is evident and needs no explanation. We do sometimes use these adverbs with this tense:
now, at present, at this moment, still
examples : Amita usually plays tennis every afternoon, but this afternoon she is relaxing.
She generally cooks on the gas stove, but today she is cooking on the oil stove.
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Work Book
6.
Read this conversation between Anshu and Bindu. Put the verbs (in brackets)
in their correct form.
Anshu : Bindu! How nice to see you! What _______________ (you do) these days?
Bindu : I _____________ (work) as a beautician.
Anshu : Really! What is it like? _______________ (you, enjoy) it?
Bindu : It’s Okay. What about you?
Anshu : Well. I ___________ (try) for a full time job. I _____________ (do) a part
time job at the moment. I ____________ (teach) in a nursery school.
Bindu : ___________ you _________ (do) it because you love small children?
Anshu : They are so innocent. I also _______________ (earn) some pocket money.
But I __________ (look) for a better job.
7.
In this exercise you have to decide whether the verbs in these sentences are
right or wrong. Correct those which are wrong. The verb is underlined.
examples : I don’t know your telephone number. (right)
Please don’t make so much noise. I study (wrong - am studying.)
1.
Look! Somebody is climbing up that tree over there
__________________________________________________________.
2.
Can you hear those people? What do they talk about?
__________________________________________________________.
3.
Are you believing in God?
__________________________________________________________.
4.
Look! That man tries to open the door of your car
__________________________________________________________.
5.
The moon goes round the earth
__________________________________________________________.
6.
I’m thinking it would be a good idea to leave early
__________________________________________________________.
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37
7.
The government is worried because the number of people without jobs is increasing
__________________________________________________________.
8.
I’m usually going to work by car
__________________________________________________________.
8.
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of Present Continuous or Simple
Tense and write it in the given spaces.
1.
Buses usually (run) along this street, but today they (not run) because it is under repair.
__________________________________________________________
2.
Ravi (pass) the post- office on his way to work every day.
__________________________________________________________
3.
She usually (sit) at the back of the class, but today she (sit) in the front row.
__________________________________________________________
4.
I rarely (carry) an umbrella, but I (carry) one now because it is raining.
__________________________________________________________
5.
What you generally (do) for a living?
__________________________________________________________
6.
You (enjoy) your English classes today?
__________________________________________________________
7.
We nearly always (spend) our holidays at the seaside, but this year we (go) to
Rome.
__________________________________________________________
8.
Mr. Sharma usually (sell) only newspapers, but this week he (sell) magazine as
well.
__________________________________________________________
9.
You (wash) your hands before every meal?
__________________________________________________________
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Work Book
10. I’m sorry you can’t see her. She (sleep) still. She usually (wake) much earlier.
__________________________________________________________
11.
These builders generally (build) very rapidly. They (work) at present on two
separate contracts.
__________________________________________________________
12. What (do) you at this moment? If you (not do) anything, Please help me.
__________________________________________________________
13. Jyoti, who (study) medicine at present, hopes to go abroad after graduating.
__________________________________________________________
14. You (watch) television often? The electrician (install) ours at this moment.
__________________________________________________________
15. Mary usually (wear) a hat to go shopping. But today, as the sun (shine), she (not
wear) one.
__________________________________________________________
Non- Conclusive Verbs
There are number of common verbs which are not usually used in the continuous
tenses, although we may be using them for describing an action at the moment of speaking.
Generally we use these in the Simple present tense. The reason why they are generally used
in the simple tense is that the actions they describe are ones which cannot be stopped or
started at will; they are more or less involuntary actions or states.
These verbs usually refer to
Thinking
believe, forget, imagine, know, realize recognize suppose, think, understand, want,
and wish.
Liking and disliking
admire, dislike, hate, like, love, prefer.
Appearance
appear, look, like, resemble, seem.
Possession
belong to, contain, have, include, own,
possess.
Being
be, consist of, exist.
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39
Examples:
I hear what you are saying
I believe he is coming tomorrow.
His behaviour really seems extraordinary
I don’t mind your going if you want to.
She hates going to parties.
Some other common verbs not normally used in the present continuous or the
other continuous tenses are:
concern, fit, involve, mean, surprise, see, hear, deserve, interest, matter, satisfy.
WARNING : Some of the verbs listed above can be used in continuous tenses in other
meanings. For example ‘have’ referring to possession is not used in continuous tenses.
You do not say ‘I am having a car’. But note the following examples.
We are having a party tomorrow.
He is having problems with his car.
She is having a shower.
9.
The following sentences refer to the present. Put the verbs in brackets into the
correct tense, continuous or simple present:
1.
You (see) the house on the corner? That is where I was born.
2.
You (listen) to what I am saying? You (understand) me?
3.
I (notice) Hina (wear) a new hat today.
4.
She (not understand) what you (mean).
5.
You (smell) gas? I (think) the new stove is leaking.
The Continuous and Simple Past Tense is used for continuous actions in the past
about whose beginning and end we are not concerned with. It is most often found in compound sentences with another verb in the simple past tense, to describe the background
against which the Simple Past Tense action took place:
Example :
I was reading a book when you came in.
It is often found with adverb clauses beginning with ‘while’ and ‘when’ and other
adverbs which show the duration of the action:
all last week, all yesterday, all last night.
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Work Book
10. A group of people were staying in hotel. One evening the fire alarm rang. Use
the words in brackets to make sentences saying what each person was doing at
the time.
example: (Dittu / have/ a bath) Dittu was having a bath.
1.
(Anu/ write/ a letter in her room) __________________________________.
2.
(Gargi/ get? Ready to go out) ____________________________________.
3.
(Kirti and Dharam/ have/ dinner) _________________________________.
4.
(Tinni/ make/ a phone call) ______________________________________.
11.. Memory Game
Look at the picture carefully for a minute. Keep it away and them make a
list of what each person was doing in the picture. Test your memory power.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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41
12. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Put the verbs into the correct
form, past simple (I did) or past continuous (I was doing).
Example :
(I / fall/ asleep when I / watch/ television)
I fell asleep when I was watching television.
1.
(the phone/ ring/ when I / have/ a shower)
___________________________________________.
2.
(it/ began/ to rain when I/ walk/ home)
___________________________________________.
3.
(we / see/ an accident when we / wait/ for the bus)
___________________________________________.
13. Imagine you had gone to see a movie. You came back home at 10 o’clock in the
night and were shocked to see the lights on. So you went to the window and
peeped inside. You saw four thieves inside the house. Describe in a paragraph
what the four thieves were doing.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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Work Book
14. Supply the correct tense, continuous or simple past of the verbs in brackets:
1.
I (wash) my hands when the telephone (ring).
_______________________________________________________________
2.
She (sit) at the table when the children (come) home.
_______________________________________________________________
3.
He (watch) television when his friend arrived.
_______________________________________________________________
4.
What you (do) when I knocked at the door?
_______________________________________________________________
5.
She broke down when she (hear) the news.
_______________________________________________________________
6.
The children ran away when they (see) the policeman.
_______________________________________________________________
15. Give the correct tense simple or continuous past in place of the verbs in brackets in the following:
1.
My aunt (walk) in the park when I met her.
_______________________________________________________________
2.
The Khan’s family (swim) in the sea when it began to rain.
_______________________________________________________________
3.
She (cook) dinner when the doorbell rang.
_______________________________________________________________
4.
We (drive) along the river when the car ran out of petrol.
_______________________________________________________________
5.
Mita (wear) a new hat when the wind blew it away.
_______________________________________________________________
6.
You often (play) football at the University?
_______________________________________________________________
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43
Reading Time
Read the passage carefully.
Ecology teaches us the interdependence of all life forms. Yoga goes a step
further and teaches us the unity of all life forms.
With the wider and deeper understanding of Ecology, man has come to understand his link with nature better. He has shed his anthropocentric arrogance. It is
hoped that he will take a step further and come to the Amrit of Yoga, as many
ecologists have already done.
Sir Jagdish - Chandra Bose noted the ability of plants to react to its environs.
That was in the 1920s.After his demise, the research was given up. It was left to
the modern-day scientists to produce irrefutable proof that plants can not only
establish Yoga with living things around them, including man, but also can read
our minds and intentions. The doyen of these living researches, Cleve Backster,
says “There is no doubt in my mind that we are all one”. Most of the top scientists of the world echo these sentiments, or rather, this conviction. All say, “We
are unity”. And in the spectrum of ‘we’, every living thing on this earth is included. The language of the hoary Yogis may be unintelligible; the ground they
trod may be terra incognita to us. Now, however, scientists are speaking in a
scientific parlance, which we can comprehend. But shall we heed even them?
We have the various traditional paths to yoga: Bhakti Yoga, Karma Yoga, Tantra
Yoga, and others. For the scientifically inclined modern man, a new path has
been discovered. Let us name it Ecology Yoga.
Now answer the questions given below :
1.
44
Match the words in column A with their antonyms in column B:
A
B
arrogance
modern
include
ignore
traditional
opposed
inclined
exclude
heed
humility
Work Book
2.
What does Yoga teach us?
___________________________________________________________________
3.
What is expected of a man?
___________________________________________________________________
4.
What was observed by J.C.Bose?
___________________________________________________________________
5.
Why was Bose’s research given up?
___________________________________________________________________
6.
Mention the two things that plants can do?
___________________________________________________________________
7.
Explain the statement ‘we are unity’?
___________________________________________________________________
8.
Name the various traditional paths of Yoga?
___________________________________________________________________
9.
What do you understand by ‘Ecology Yoga’? Explain.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
10. Give a suitable title to the above passage.
___________________________________________________________________
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45
Writing Time
Look at the picture and the message given below. Describe the precautions to be taken
at a railway gate without a watchman.
STOP, LOOK TOWARDS BOTH ENDS,
AT A RAILWAY CROSSING
At a Railway track,
Without any gate keeper or a gate,
Look towards both sides,
If you find, train is coming from any side,
STOP, your vehicle may collapse,
May create, fearful, dangerous sight,
Let the train pass, then proceed,
Save yourself, and other traveller’s life.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
V
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Work Book
6
Lakshmi and the Doll
Word Power
1.
2.
Consult the dictionary to final out the meaning of the following words as they
are used in different paragraphs of the story.
i)
beg (paragraph 3)
_____________________________________
ii)
huge (paragraph 8)
_____________________________________
iii)
shook (paragraph 11)
_____________________________________
iv)
wealth (paragraph 14)
_____________________________________
v)
belonged(paragraph 15)
_____________________________________
Underline the odd one out : The first one is done for you.
i)
sick, ill, unwell, tainted
ii)
frighten, fear, tremble, shelter
iii)
lighting, thunder, raining, tree
iv)
courage, brave, coward, victorious
v)
safe, tame, protected, secure
vi)
destroys, detests, demolishes, wrecks
vii) parting, dividing, separating, leaving
viii) ecstatic, sad, unhappy, miserable
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47
3.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meanings in Column ‘B’
A
B
strike
list or statement of details
shake
move, walk or climb using one’s hands
sensuous
give a blow
scramble
move from side to side
schedule
giving pleasure to senses
Find out the meanings of the following phrases and use them in sentences of
your own.
example : look after : Lakshmi was able to look after her home very well
i)
look upto :
___________________________________________
ii)
look for
___________________________________________
iii)
look into
___________________________________________
iv)
look back
___________________________________________
look up
___________________________________________
vi)
look after
___________________________________________
vii)
look forward
___________________________________________
ix)
look around
___________________________________________
v)
Speaking Time
Say these words aloud and write the appropriate vowel symbol representing the italicized letter(s) in the space provided. Check your answer with the help of a dictionary:
(a)
(b)
48
worse ____________,
clung ___________,
wander _____________,
owner ____________, claim ___________,
light _______________,
saw
edge _______________,
(i)
_____________,
slave ___________,
Lakshmi was left alone in the house.
__________ __________
(ii) Shall I cook the breakfast
__________ __________
(iii) An extra loud shout from below
__________ __________
(iv) Then they started quarrelling.
__________ __________
Work Book
THE FUTURE TENSE
English has two principal ways of expressing the future: the tense made with the auxiliaries ‘shall’ and ‘will’ known as the Simple Future Tense and the ‘..going to' construction:
Examples
I shall arrive tomorrow, if the weather is fine.
They will do it next week, if they have time.
We are going to buy a new car next month.
John is going to spend his holidays in London next month.
Note : Notice that ....‘going to’ does not normally express simple futurity, but colours
the future with intention or a feeling of certainty in the mind of the speaker.
1.
Complete the conversations. Put in will or ...going to with the verbs.
•
•
1)
2)
3)
4)
Vicky
:
Have you got a ticket for the play?
Hemu
:
Yes, I’m going to see (see) it on Thursday.
Ballu
:
The alarms going. It’s making an awful noise.
Kitty
:
OK I’ll switch (switch) it off.
Keshu :
Did you buy this book?
Suman :
No, I ______________ (read) it on holiday.
Lila
:
Would you like tea or coffee?
Sonu
:
Oh, I -----------______________ (have) coffee, please.
Tinu
:
I’m going to miss a good film on TV because I’ll be out tonight.
Raju
:
I _________________ (video) it for you, if you like.
Sweety :
I’m just going out to get a paper.
Bittu
What, newspaper __________________ (you/buy)?
:
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49
2.
Complete the dialogues below using the verb in brackets with ‘will’ or ‘.....going
to’.
1.
A:
Have you decided how to spend the prize money?
B:
Well I think we will buy a new car, but we haven’t really decided yet. (buy)
A:
Have you decided how to spend the prize money?
B:
Yes, We _______________________ a new car (buy)
A:
Did you know Sunila is in hospital? Do you think you could send her a get-well
card?
B:
I didn’t know that. Of course I __________________ her a card (send)
A:
I heard yesterday that Sunila is in hospital.
B:
Yes, I know. We _________________ some money at work to send her some
flowers. (collect)
A:
Have you got tickets for the concert?
B:
Yes, We __________________ on Saturday (go)
A:
Have you got tickets for the concert?
B:
Not yet. But, I think we ___________________ on Saturday if we can. (go)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
3.
Imagine that you receive Rs. two lakhs as prize. Write a letter to your friend
Renuka about this telling her what you will/..... going to do with the money.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Work Book
`
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4.
In the following sentences change the Simple Future Tense into the ....going to
construction as in the example:
examples : I shall cut the grass when the mowing machine is mended.
I am going to cut the grass when the mowing machine is mended.
1.
I think he will ask for a rise in salary very soon.
_______________________________________________________________
2.
Do you suppose it will rain before dark?
_______________________________________________________________
3.
How soon will you be ready?
_______________________________________________________________
4.
As soon as we have had dinner, we shall play bridge.
_______________________________________________________________
5.
When he has gone I shall tell you a secret.
_______________________________________________________________
6.
He says he will call up before 6 o’ Clock.
_______________________________________________________________
7.
He says he will pay me back the week after next.
_______________________________________________________________
8.
The climbing party will try to reach the top tomorrow.
_______________________________________________________________
9.
She will not give another concert this year.
_______________________________________________________________
10. The show will begin in about ten minutes.
_______________________________________________________________
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51
5.
Change these sentences from the .....going to construction to the shall/will future adding the conditionals given in brackets:
examples : That dog is going to get run over. (if it’s not careful)
That dog will get run over if it’s not careful.
1.
Kunal is going to buy a new car. (only if has enough money)
_______________________________________________________________
2.
We are going to visit America this summer.(if we can get a booking on a ship)
_______________________________________________________________
3.
They are going to build a new bridge across the river.(if they can find the money)
_______________________________________________________________
4.
Are you going to sell your house? (if you can get a good price for it)
_______________________________________________________________
5.
Are you going to sell your scooty? (if you can get an exchange offer)
_______________________________________________________________
6.
He is going to finish his book this year. (if he is lucky)
_______________________________________________________________
7.
I am going to have a bath. (if there is plenty of warm water)
_______________________________________________________________
8.
(Unless we hurry) we are going to be late.
_______________________________________________________________
9.
I’m going to see the dentist (if he’s not too busy)
_______________________________________________________________
10. The dog is going to bite the postman (unless we stop him immediately)
_______________________________________________________________
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Work Book
The Present Continuous Tense with Future Meaning
The Present Continuous Tense is also frequently used with future meaning. In this use
it is associated with adverbs of future time:
soon, this evening, tomorrow, next week, tonight in a few minutes, next summer, later
this year (month, week)
examples : He intends to go to the cinema this evening.
He is going to go to the cinema this evening.
6.
Change these sentences in the same way into the form with the Present Continuous Tense:
1.
The Jones family plans to go to Italy this summer.
__________________________________________________________
2.
John plans to sell his car this week and to buy a new one.
__________________________________________________________
3.
Do you want to go to the concert tonight?
__________________________________________________________
4.
Please wait a moment! I promise to come soon.
__________________________________________________________
5.
Come and say goodbye. Our guests have to leave in a minute.
__________________________________________________________
6.
I’m sorry I can’t come. I plan to shop all morning and have lunch in town.
__________________________________________________________
7.
The new Italian film is booked to come to the Regal Cinema.
__________________________________________________________
The Sim
ple Present TTense
ense with FFuture
uture Meaning
Simple
The Simple Present Tense is also used with future meaning with verbs of going and
coming such as: go, come, leave, arrive, get, return, set off, take off, embark, sail, and fly.
In this sense it is used when we are describing activities, planned before hand in the future
and according to a fixed timetable.
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53
examples :
The Queen Mary’s is due to sail next Friday.
The Queen Mary’s sails next Friday.
7.
Change the underlined parts of the following sentences into the Simple Present
Tense:
1.
When are you due to return to your own country?
_______________________________________________________________
2.
I am due to get back from Italy in a week’s time.
_______________________________________________________________
3.
At what time is your plane scheduled to take off?
_______________________________________________________________
4.
The climbing party plans to set off at dawn tomorrow.
_______________________________________________________________
5.
According to the timetable we are to leave on Wednesday, stay one night in
Paris and return the following morning.
_______________________________________________________________
6.
John is due to get back to the office on Monday next.
_______________________________________________________________
7.
The whole company are due to embark next Thursday at 7 pm.
_______________________________________________________________
8.
The ship is scheduled to sail an hour later.
_______________________________________________________________
9.
The manager is booked to fly to Rome very soon for important consultations.
_______________________________________________________________
10. I’m sorry to hear you have arranged to leave so soon.
_______________________________________________________________
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Work Book
The Present Per
ense
Perff ect TTense
The Present Perfect Tense is used for an action, which began in the past and which has
continued up to the time of speaking or for an action which took place in the past, the
results of which we can feel or observe in the present.
It is used with such adverbs as these: now, just, today, this morning, still, ever, never,
not yet, already, recently, lately and adverbial clauses and phrases beginning with for and
since.
Examples :
He has just put his coat on. (= He is wearing it now)
Have you ever-met Mr. Saxena? (= Do you know him)?
They have already passed the first examination. (They are ready now to do the second)
Unusual Things
8.
This is a game. Go around your class and find out the following and report
your findings to your teacher. The fastest reporter will be the winner.
1.
Who has been to Mumbai?
__________________________
2.
Who has tasted sweet corn?
__________________________
3.
Who has danced in the rain?
__________________________
4.
Who has ridden an elephant?
__________________________
5.
Who has played Kabaddi?
__________________________
6.
Who has played Tennis?
__________________________
8.
Who has met Abdul Kalam?
__________________________
9.
Who has got a snake as a pet?
__________________________
10. Who has read the novel ‘gone with the wind’?____________________
11.
Who has got ten pairs of shoes/slippers?
Work Book
____________________
55
9.
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in brackets:
(Mr. and Mrs. Rana are discussing the new budget)
Mrs. Rana
: I can’t cook any thing now. The price of cooking gas ___________ (in
creases) so much. It costs Rs. 350/- now.
Mr. Rana
: Don’t ask me to take you out hereafter. The price of petrol ____________
(rise) by 10%.
Mrs. Rana
: I wish you’d stop smoking. Look at the price of cigarettes. They
_______________ (go up) by 15%. They cost Rs. 90/- a pack now.
10. You are writing a letter to a friend and giving news about people you both
know. Use the words given to make sentences and put the verb into the correct
form.
examples : Punit/find a new job.
Punit has found a new job.
Dear Rohit,
Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you.
1.
Munmun/go/Delhi
_________________________
2.
Kunal and Prerana/decide/to get married
_________________________
3.
Tapasya/have/ a baby
_________________________
4.
Sonu/give up/smoking
_________________________
5.
Purva/pass/his driving test
_________________________
The Present Per
ense
Perff ect Continuous TTense
The Present Perfect Continous Tense is used with the same meaning as the Simple
Perfect Tense and with the same adverbs. This tense is more often used with verbs which
have the meaning of prolonged action, such as:
Live, wait, stay, work, read, sleep, study and with many other verbs when they mean
repeated action. The adverbs used with this tense often have ‘all’ before them to emphasize
the meaning of continous action:
All this morning, all this week, all day, all this year.
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Work Book
Examples
They have been living here since 1954.
I have been waiting for you all morning.
She has been sleeping for three hours now.
11.
This time you have to imagine that you are talking to a friend. Read the situation and ask a question beginning in the way shown:
example : Your friend is learning French. How long have you been learning French?
1.
Your friend is waiting for you. How long
_______________________________________________________________
2.
Your friend writes books. How many books in a year
_______________________________________________________________
3.
Your friend writes books. How long
_______________________________________________________________
4.
Your friend plays football for his country. How many times
_______________________________________________________________
12. You have a new neighbour who is a nuisance. He plays loud music till late in
the night, shouts at children, beats them, fights with everyone etc.
Write a letter of complaint to the Secretary of your locality describing in detail what your neighbour has been doing and asking him to take necessary action.
_______________________
_______________________
_______
Dear Sir,
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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57
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
13. Supply the correct form of the Present Perfect Tense or Present Perfect Continuous Tense in the place of the verbs in brackets:
1.
They just (arrive) from New Delhi.
______________________________________________________________
2.
They still (not succeed) in reaching the summit.
______________________________________________________________
3.
We already (have) breakfast.
______________________________________________________________
4.
They (live) here since January.
______________________________________________________________
5.
We (wait) on the platform since three o’clock.
______________________________________________________________
6.
She already (ring) the bell twice.
______________________________________________________________
7.
How long you (stay) in that old hotel?
______________________________________________________________
8.
They (work) in the same factory for twenty years now.
______________________________________________________________
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Work Book
9.
The children (sleep) all this afternoon.
______________________________________________________________
10.
I now (study) your proposals and regret I cannot accept them.
______________________________________________________________
Reading Time
Read the passage carefully.
I love India as the birthplace of the highest and best of all religions, as the country that has grandest mountains, the Himalayas, the country where the homes
are simple, where domestic happiness is most to be found, and where the women
unselfishly, unobtrusively, ungrudgingly serve the dear ones from early morn to
dewy eve.
India is above all others, the land of great women. Wherever we turn, whether
history or literature, we are met on every hand by those figures, whose strengths
she mothered and recognized, while she keeps their memory eternally sacred.
I believe that India is one, indissoluble. National unity is built on the common
home, the common interest and the common love. I believe that the strength,
which spoke in the Vedas and Upanishads, in the making of religions and empires, in the learning of scholars, and the meditation of the saints, is born once
more amongst us; its name today is NATIONALITY. I believe that the present of
India is deep-rooted in her past, and that before her, shines a glorious future.
O! Nationality, come thou to me as joy or sorrow, as honour or as shame! Make
me thine own!!
Now answer the questions given below :
1.
Find out the words from the passage which are opposite in meanings to those
given below:
Ignore, ephemeral, superficial, and disgraceful
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2.
Why does the author love India?
______________________________________________________________
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59
3.
Why does the author call India ‘the land of great women’?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4.
How is national unity built?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5.
For what does the author mention Vedas and Upanishads?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6.
What is the author’s belief about the present of India?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7.
When we turn to history or literature, what do we find?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
8.
Whose memory is kept eternally sacred?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
9.
Explain the sentence in brief: O! Nationality, come thou to me as joy or sorrow,
as honour or as shame! Make me thine own!!
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
10. Give a suitable title to the passage.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Work Book
Writing Time
Imagine you get a defective bill of electricity. Write a letter of complaint to
the assistant Executive Engineer of your town. A few details are given below.
You can make use of them.
1.
Month
-
July
2.
Date of the Bill
-
3rd August
3.
Average amount of the last three bills
-
Rs. 125/-
4.
`Number of units on 10th August in the meter
-
7348
5.
Number of units shown in the bill
-
7437
6.
The amount of the bill
-
Rs. 575/-
7.
Date of the letter of complaint
-
11th August
To,
The Executive Engineer
M. P. Electricity Board
Bhopal
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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61
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
V
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Work Book
7
The Road Not Taken
Word Power
1.
Look up a dictionary and find out the difference between the given words and
use them in sentences of your own.
1.
fair
and
fare
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2.
sight
and
site
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3.
later
and
latter
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4.
story
and
storey
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2.
Combine the words in Column ‘A’ with the appropriate ones in Column ‘B’.
A
B
black
back
____________________
cross
living
____________________
fall
board
____________________
simple
outlook
____________________
down
road
____________________
liberal
trodden
____________________
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63
3.
In the poem ‘The Road Not Taken’ the poet has used number of words which
indicate ‘Journey’ Work with your partner and complete the given web chart
using words that are related to ‘Journey’.
Road
Speaking Time
Write the appropriate symbol representing the italicized letter(s) in the space
provided. Then look them up in a dictionary and check your answer. The first
one is done for you:
(a)
(b)
64
child /tgS/,
yellow ______,
could______,
bent ________,
age _______,
back _________,
news ______,
both ______,
wear _______,
though ______,
Given below are words in which one of the following sounds occurs. /T D S 3/ Say
each word aloud and put the symbol against each in the space provided.
pressure ________,
vision ____________,
treasure _____________,
bathe __________,
composure ________,
rash ________________,
shall ___________,
those ____________,
shout _______________,
visual __________,
thought ___________,
health ______________,
Work Book
Reading Time
Read the poem carefully.
We have no wings, we cannot soar,
But we have feet to scale and climb,
By slow degrees, by more and more,
The cloudy summits of our time.
The heights by greatmen reached and kept,
Were not attained by sudden flight,
But, they, while their companions slept,
Were toiling upward in the night.
Now answer the questions given below :
1.
Match the words with their meanings :
(A)
2.
(B)
soar
succeed in doing or getting
summit
to go up high in the air
attain
mate, fellow
companion
highest point, top
What is the poem about?
_______________________________________________________________
3.
How does the poet wish to achieve the heights?
_______________________________________________________________
4.
How had the greatmen reached the height?
_______________________________________________________________
5.
When the greatmen toiled hard, what did their companions do?
_______________________________________________________________
6.
Write a short note on the central idea of the poem.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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65
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Writing Time
You are going to deliver a speech on ‘Tree Plantation’. Make use of the following chart and write your speech in about 200 words.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Work Book
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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67
8
Idgah
Word Power
1.
Verbs joined with different prepositions have different meanings. Such expressions are called phrasal verbs. Look at the phrasal verbs formed with the verb
‘look’.
look up to
respect
look into
investigate
look for
try to find
look back on
recall
look up
find information in a book
look after
take care of
Fill in the blanks with phrasal verbs :
2.
a)
I look ____________ that summer with some regrets.
b)
The police are looking _______________ the case.
c)
Could you help me look _______________ my keys, please?
d)
She is very good at looking ______________ her sister.
e)
I look ___________ my schooldays with great pleasure.
Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right :
68
to prosecute
large place where an audience sits
a vehicle
a punishment
an auditorium
to bring a legal case against
to prohibit
a means of transport
a penalty
to forbid something
Work Book
3.
Binomials are expressions where two words are joined by the conjunction ‘and’.
The order of the words is usually fixed.
e.g. odds and ends, give and take.
Now match the binomials of Box ‘A’ with Box ‘B’
Box ‘A’
Box ‘B’
law
tidy, drop, tired, order
here
there, off, forth, out
on
and
bounds, choose, down
back
after, snow, whisper
up
flowers, miss, chase
leaps
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Speaking Time
Look up the following words in the dictionary, find out their correct pronunciation and write their transcription in the space provided:
teach_____________
church _____________
Serve ______________
judge_____________
pretty ______________
mother_____________
apple_____________
laugh_______________
father______________
entire_____________
village ______________ hustle _____________
Folks _____________
disease _____________
trudge _____________
People ____________
wealth ______________
College ____________
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69
The PPas
as
ense
astt Per
Perff ect TTense
The Past Perfect Tense is used for an action, which has already begun before another
action, which takes place in the past. It is generally found:
(A) In indirect speech - He said, ‘I have finished my work’.
He said that he had finished his work.
She said to me, ‘They left about an hour ago’.
She told me that they had left about an hour before.
(B) In compound sentences in the past with clauses of time introduced by such words
as after, before, when, until, as soon as
He returned home after he had left the office.
I had already finished my work before my friends arrived.
1.
Make sentences using the words in brackets:
I wasn’t hungry (I/just/have/lunch) I had just had lunch.
1.
Tinu wasn’t at home when I arrived. (he/just/go/out)
_______________________________________________________________
2.
We arrived at the cinema late. (the film/already/begin)
_______________________________________________________________
3.
They weren’t eating when I went to see them. (they/just/finish/their dinner)
_______________________________________________________________
4.
I invited Anu to dinner last night but she couldn’t come. (she/already/arrange/to
do something else)
_______________________________________________________________
5.
I was very pleased to see Nilu again after such a long time. (I/not/see/her for
five years)
_______________________________________________________________
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Work Book
2.
When you went back to your hometown after many years you found that many
things were different. Complete these sentences using the verbs in brackets.
example : Most of the friends were no longer there. They had left (leave)
1.
My best friend, Kirti, was no longer there.
She _____________________ (go) away.
2.
The local cinema was no longer open.
It ________________________ (close) down.
3.
Mr. Nair was no longer alive.
He _______________________ (die).
I didn’t recognize Mrs. Nair.
She ____________________ (change) a lot.
4.
5.
3.
Nishi no longer had his car.
He ______________________ (sell) it.
Complete these sentences as in the example. Use the verb in brackets.
example : Mr. and Mrs. Das were in an aeroplane. They were very nervous as the plane
took off because they had never flown before. (fly)
4.
1.
The woman was a complete stranger to one. I ___________________ before.
(see)
2.
Mahima was late for work. Her boss was very surprised. She
______________________. (be/late)
3.
Jeevan played tennis yesterday at least she tried to play tennis. She wasn’t very
good at it because she __________________________. (play)
4.
It was Kapil’s first driving lesson. He was very nervous and didn’t know what to
do. He _______________________________________. (drive)
Change the following sentences into the past, using the Simple Past and Past
Perfect Tenses:
examples : He wants to know what you did last week.
He wanted to know what you had done last week.
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71
1.
He tells me that he has never met you.
__________________________________________________________
2.
They want to know what has happened.
__________________________________________________________
3.
I know that they haven’t been there yet.
__________________________________________________________
4.
He says he wasn’t present at the meeting.
__________________________________________________________
5.
She believes that she put it away in the cupboard.
__________________________________________________________
6.
We wonder if he has lost his way.
__________________________________________________________
7.
Do you really think that he has been thrown into prison?
__________________________________________________________
8.
Nakul wants to know why Sandhya came home late.
__________________________________________________________
9.
She is unable to tell us where she got the money.
__________________________________________________________
10. They tell me they have only once seen her in their lives.
__________________________________________________________
The Sim
ple PPas
as
as
enses in Hypothetical situations
Simple
astt and PPas
astt Per
Perff ect TTenses
The simple past and past perfect tense are used to show imaginary or disirable
situations in the present and past respectively when the sentence begins with
certain verbs or conjuctions.
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Work Book
I wish John were here now. (He would know what to do). We all wished John had
been at the party. (he would have known what to do)
The principal verbs and conjunctions, which introduce this use of the two tenses,
are:
I wish (ed)
I’d rather
It’s high time
as if
And in exclamations:
If only!
supposing!
Examples :
If only I were rich!
Supposing all of them can!
I’d rather you didn’t do that.
He ran as if the devil were after him,
It’s high time you washed your hands.
5.
Replace the verbs in brackets by the correct tense. Simple Past or Past Perfect:
1.
He looked as if he (not wash) for years.
__________________________________________________________
2.
We all wished we not (stay) to see the end of the film.
__________________________________________________________
3.
I wish the train (not arrive) so late; then I could have got home before breakfast.
__________________________________________________________
4.
She says she’d rather he (leave) tomorrow instead of today.
__________________________________________________________
5.
If only we (do) as we were told! This would never have happened.
__________________________________________________________
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73
Pas
ense
astt Per
Perff ect Continuous TTense
To refer to an activity of limited duration in the distant past, the Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used.
example : In the year A.D. 2000 if Mrs. Mishra wants to discuss Priti’s behaviour in the
past, she can say:
• In 1997, when Priti was in Class IX, she had been behaving strangely. She had been
quarrelling with everyone.
6.
In this exercise you have to read a situation and then write a sentence:
example : The two boys came into the house. (they/fight) they had been fighting.
1.
Tinku was watching television. He was feeling very tired. (he/study/hard all
day).
He _________________________________________________________.
2.
When I walked into the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of cigarettes.
(somebody/smoke/in the room)
__________________________________________________________.
3.
When Mary came back from the beach, she looked very red from the sun. (she/
lie/in the sun too long)
__________________________________________________________.
4.
The two girls came into the house. They had a football and they were both very
tired. (they/play/football)
__________________________________________________________.
5.
Mohini woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and she didn’t
know where she was (she/dream)
__________________________________________________________.
7.
Complete the conversation. Put in the Past Perfect Continuous of the verbs.
74
Sejal
: How was your job interview?
Sahil
: Awful. I felt terribly nervous. I’d been worrying (I/worry) about it all week.
Work Book
And I was tired because ________________________ (I/work) on my
project the night before _____________________ (I/not look) forward
to the interview at all.
Sejal
: So what happened?
Sahil
: The woman interviewing me was half an hour late because
________________________ (she/deal) with an unexpected problem,
she said ______________________ (I/wait) ages, and I’d got even more
nervous.
Sejal
: How did the interview go?
Sahil
: Well, I tried to sound confident ________________________ (I/read)
a book that said that’s what you have to do in job interviews. But I don’t
know if I gave the right answers.
8.
Put the verb into the correct form, Past Perfect Continuous (I had been doing)
or Past Continuous (I was doing)
examples : Toni was leaning against the wall, out of breath. He had been running (run).
I tried to catch Toni but I couldn’t. He was running (run) very fast.
1.
Jitu was on his hands and knees on the floor. He ____________________ (look)
for his toy.
2.
We __________________ (walk) along the road for about 20 minutes when a
car stopped and the driver offered us a lift.
3.
When I arrived, everyone was sitting round the table with their mouths full.
They _____________________ (eat)
4.
When I arrived, Amit ________________________ (wait) for me. She was
rather annoyed with me because I was late and she ___________________
(wait) for a very long time.
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75
9.
What had you been upto? Each person in class acted out something. The others
to guess what each had been doing till then.
Example : Gita rubbed her eyes
Guess : You had been crying.
Imagine and write five more situations.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Reading Time
Read the following passage carefully.
Good governance is the ability, capacity, capability, and efficiency to formulate citizen centric policies and their implementation. Its aim is to upgrade the
quality of life of the common people, to protect them from hazards, to facilitate
and accelerate the process of modernization and change to make society more
competitive and development oriented, to protect the rights and human rights of
the people, to bring peace and prosperity and to cope with the global activities in all
walks of life. It refers to adoption of new values of governance to establish greater
efficiency, legitimacy and credibility of the system and thus, in simple terms, it
can be considered as citizen - friendly, citizen - caring and responsive administration.
Good governance means the efficient administration, which aims at ‘Cost less
and Work better’. It is an alternative to the traditional administration. Woodrow
Wilson, the father of public administration, advocated the idea of administration
and governance and defined the role of government to implement delegated tasks
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Work Book
from the legislature, which in the modern context has been perceived by contemporary scholars like Osborne and Gabler as ‘Reinventing Government’. Governance
can be explained as a system for steering and co-coordinating collective actions. It
envelops public private partnership, industrial district, trade association, statecraft
and diplomacy, interest in police, policy, community and international regimes.
The argument of efficiency in the governance text is the sustainable human development with the characteristics of empowerment, equity, sustainability and security.
Now answer the questions given below :
1.
2.
Write verbs of the following nouns:
perception
______________
administration
_____________
government
______________
definition
_____________
argument
______________
security
_____________
What is ‘good governance’?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3.
What is its aim?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4.
What does it refer to?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5.
What has Woodrow Wilson advocated?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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77
6.
Why did he advocate it?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
7.
Explain the meaning of ‘reinventing government’ in two or three sentences.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
8.
What does ‘good governance’ envelop?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
9.
Explain ‘the needs of the good governance in your own words.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
10. What is the argument of efficiency in the governance?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Writing Time
Diary Writing
The following is an entry in a lazy student’s diary:
Date:
I woke up at 10 am. I again missed my school bus. I watched TV till 1 pm. I went to
market to buy some clothes. My principal sent a notice to me. My parents scolded
me when they got it with m report card. They warned me. I felt terribly sorry for
my past actions. I went to bed at 9 pm and woke up early to prepare for school.
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Work Book
(1)
Write the next day’s diary of this student.
Date:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
Suppose you went on a trip to an interesting place. Write a diary entry of that
memorable place.
Date:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Work Book
79
9
Can We Stop the Earthquakes?
Word Power
1.
Try to fill up this word puzzle with the help of the given clues:
a)
quality of not favouring one person or group more than the another.
b)
existing as in very old times.
c)
firm
d)
that cannot be noticed
e)
pressure
f)
very great
a
f
b
i
m
p
d
t
c s
l
i
b
p
e
e
P
t
y
c
t
e
e
s
b
e
80
Work Book
s
2.
age, era, period, spell, time. these are the adjectives describing duration. Now
fill up the blanks as appropriate.
a)
The minister said that before the new law came into force there would be a
______________ of six months when people could hand in firearms without
being prosecuted.
b)
The twentieth century will be seen by historians as the ___________ of the
motorcar.
c)
These factories mark the beginning of a new _______________ of industrial
development for the country.
3.
d)
For a ___________ I thought I would never find a job, but then I was lucky.
e)
We had a very cold _____________ in February when all the pipes frozen up.
Fill in the blanks choosing appropriate words given after every question:
a)
b)
c)
d)
The power of a ________________ is greater than anything man himself
can produce.
(i) quake
(ii) blow
(iii) fire
(iv) storm
_______________ scientists are doing their best to get early warning of any
earthquake.
(i) North Amercian
(ii) Californian
(iii) Asian
(iv) Mexcian
Major earthquakes followed the building of the ____________________ in
Africa.
(i) Bhakra dam
(ii) Kariba dam
(iii)Tava Dam
(iv) Krishna Sagar Dam
The main weapon of scientists against earthquakes is the science of
____________________.
(i) seismology
(ii) barometer
(iii) physiology
(iv) physics
Work Book
81
Speaking Time
1
Look up the following words in the dictionary, find out their correct
pronunciation and write their transcription in the space provided.
2.
tsunami _____________, national ____________,
quake ______________,
ocean ______________,
know ______________,
island ______________,
Read out the words from the transcription and write them in the space provided.
The first one is done for you.
/'A;nsJ/ answer ,
/'enJmi/ ____________,
/bI'ni;T/ ___________,
/'fju;tSJ/ _________,
/hju;dZ/ _____________, /'wepJn/ ___________,
/'d&mIdZ/ __________,
/dI'zA;stJ/ ____________, /'&ksIs/ ____________,
The Passive Voice
Present Indefinite [am/is/are + past participle]}
1.
Change the following sentences into Passive Voice. Rewrite them beginning
with the italicized words.
Somebody cleans this room every day.
This room is cleaned everyday.
1.
The bill includes service charges.
_________________________________________________________
2.
People don’t use this road very often.
_________________________________________________________
3.
Switzerland manufactures the most expensive watches.
_________________________________________________________
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Work Book
4.
Parents forgive the nuisance of their children.
_________________________________________________________
5.
Violet storms hit the island of San Miguel everyday.
_________________________________________________________
Past Indefinite [was/were + past participle]
2.
Change the following sentences into passive voice
1.
They cancelled all flights because of fog.
_________________________________________________________
2.
Parvati sang a song.
_________________________________________________________
3.
Rain disrupted the last day’s play between India and Sri Lanka.
_________________________________________________________
4.
A tiger killed a small child.
_________________________________________________________
5.
They gave me two hours to make my decision.
_________________________________________________________
Future Indefinite [will/shall + be + past participle]
3.
Change the following sentences into passive voice
1.
She will complete her homework by evening tomorrow.
_________________________________________________________
2.
The police will arrest the terrorists within a week.
_________________________________________________________
3.
I hope they’ll interview me for the job.
_________________________________________________________
4.
It will attract a lot of visitors.
_________________________________________________________
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83
5.
The newspapers will publish the results.
_________________________________________________________
Present Progressive [am/is/are + being + past participle]
4.
Change the following sentences into passive voice
1.
A mechanic is repairing Mona’s car.
_________________________________________________________
2.
They are testing the new drug.
_________________________________________________________
3.
Someone is cleaning the floor.
_________________________________________________________
4.
They are building a new ring road round the city.
_________________________________________________________
5.
She is writing a letter to her mother.
_________________________________________________________
Past Progressive [was/were + being + past participle]
5.
Change the following sentences into passive voice
1.
Someone was cleaning the room when I arrived.
_________________________________________________________
2.
She was writing an article last month.
_________________________________________________________
3.
A friend of ours was repairing the roof.
_________________________________________________________
4.
84
Someone was recording our conversation.
_________________________________________________________
Work Book
5.
My brothers were digging a swimming pool.
_________________________________________________________
Present Perfect [has/have+ been + past participle]
6.
Change the following sentences into passive voice
1.
They have changed the date of the meeting.
_________________________________________________________
2.
They’ve increased the bus fares again.
_________________________________________________________
3.
The workers have finished the suspension bridge.
_________________________________________________________
4.
He has already obtained a child care certificate.
_________________________________________________________
5.
We have posted the parcel three weeks ago.
_________________________________________________________
Past Perfect [had/been + past participle]
7.
Change the following sentences into passive voice
1.
The room looked much better. Someone had cleaned it.
_________________________________________________________
2.
The dentist had asked us to wait.
_________________________________________________________
3.
All the speakers had prepared their materials very thoroughly
_________________________________________________________
4.
He had misunderstood the letter of appreciation.
_________________________________________________________
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85
5.
The police had caught the thief red handed.
_________________________________________________________
Reading Time
Read the passage carefully.
We do not know whether suitable physical conditions are enough in themselves
to produce life. Some scientists think that as the earth gradually became cooler,
it was natural and indeed almost unavoidable, that life should come. Others believe that it was an accident, which brought the earth into being, and that another
accident was necessary to produce life. The materials of which a living body is
composed are ordinary chemical atoms – carbon, such as we find in water; nitrogen, as we find in the air; and so on. Every kind of atom necessary for life
must have existed on the new-born earth. At times a group of atoms might happen to arrange themselves in the way in which they are arranged in the living
cell. Indeed, if they were given enough time, they would certainly do so, just as
six monkeys set to work on typewriters for million and millions of years would
be certain in time to type out by chance all the books in the British Museum.
Life of the kind we know can exist only under suitable conditions of light and
heat; we ourselves exist only because the earth receives exactly the right amount
of radiation from the sun; if the balance is upset in either direction, too much or
too little radiation, life must disappear from the earth. And it is very easy for the
balance to be upset.
Now answer the questions given below :
1.
Use the following words in your own sentences:
gradually, accident, certainly, disappear
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2.
What do some scientists think?
_________________________________________________________
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Work Book
3.
What do we not know?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
4.
What do others believe?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
5.
Name the materials of which a living body is composed?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
6.
What would have happened if the group atoms were given enough time?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
7.
In what kind of conditions life can exist?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
8.
What would happen if the balance of radiation is disturbed?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
9.
What has made it possible for us to exist on the earth?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
10. Give a suitable title to the passage.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Work Book
87
Writing Time
BIOGRAPHY
A biography is the life of a person, written by someone else. You are a biographer and want to write Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose’s biography. The Clues are :
Birth
-
January 23, 1897 at Cuttack.
Parents
-
Shri Janki Nath Bose. / Smt. Prabhavati Devi
College
-
Admission to Presidency College, Calcutta, in 1915.
Higher Education
-
England
Selection
-
I.C.S. (1920)
Influence
-
Swami Vivekananda, Dhesh Bandhu, Chitranjan Das.
Important Position -
President of All India Trade Union Congress.
-
Mayor of Calcutta
-
President of the Indian National Congress.
Azad Hind Fauj
-
July 5, 1943
His Famous quote
-
‘Give me blood, I’ll give you freedom’
Foundation of
-‘Delhi Chalo’
Martyrdom
- 1945 in an air crash.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Work Book
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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89
10
Waves on the Sleepless Sea
Word Power
1.
A compound noun is a fixed expression, which is made up of more than one
word and functions as a noun. Such expressions are frequently combinations of
two nouns?
human being
blood donor
alarm clock
Match the coloum A with B to make compound nouns.
C.
A
B
youth
sween
income
donor
food
tax
pocket
processing
wind
money
donor
hostel
Put the synonyms of the given words in the following puzzle :
12
F
8
10
P
C
1
Across
2
C
1. ordinary
A
3
A
C
N
T
Down
S
3. yearly
T
2. deceive
3. help
13
W
4E
4. finish
5. haste
6. permit
V
9
5
S
R
10. polite
S
6A
11. answer
O
7D
7. happiness
90
9. brief
11
H
8. admire
L
H
12. discover
13. rich
Work Book
Speaking Time
1.
2.
Look up the following words in the dictionary, find out their correct pronunciation and write their transcription in the space provided:
clay_____________,
fierce ____________,
naught ____________,
warp ____________,
breath ____________,
though ____________,
nature ___________,
weave_____________,
Given below are two symbols representing two different sounds. (Examples
are given against each). Write four more words with each sound.
T
D
think
then
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Work Book
91
Reading Time
Read the poem carefully.
There is a Garden in my Heart
There is a Garden in my Heart
More beautiful than words,
Filled with subtle scents and shades
And the rhapsodies of birds.
I go there to refill my cup,
Or, when I am alone,
To find my favourite rock and trace
The smile upon the stone.
When the wind blows in my heart,
Stirring up the sea,
I turn my back upon the waves,
And return to me.
I sit beside a quiet pool,
And gaze down at the sky,
And feel a yearning so complete,
I cannot help but cry.
Now answer the questions given below :
1.
How is the garden more beautiful than words?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2.
What does refilling the cup symbolize?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3.
What does the poet do when the wind in his heart stirs up a storm?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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Work Book
4.
What makes the poet cry?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5.
Summarize the poem in about 80 words?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Writing Time
1.
2.
Make posters for awareness on the following topics:
1.
Conserving Water.
2.
Noise Pollution.
3.
Say no to Plastic.
4.
Dowry, a curse.
Express your views on “Change of Weather and Pollution”.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Work Book
93
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
V
94
Work Book
11
A LETTER TO GOD
Word Power
1.
Choose the right word from the box to complete these sentences. Look up the
dictionary if you are not sure.
chop, carve, spread, cut, peel
2.
a)
We ________________ vegetables into pieces with a knife.
b)
We ________________ the rind of fruits with a knife.
c)
Hina, could you _______________ the onions finely with a knife.
d)
Tom can _________________ the meat with a knife.
e)
We can ________________ butter on toast with a knife.
Here are some pairs of words. Practice saying them aloud and note the difference between the words in each pair. Then add one more pair of your own to
each set. The first one is done for you.
a)
head
_________
hide
read
ride
b)
sale
_________
sole
_______
________
c)
drop
_________
drip
_______
________
d)
moon
_________
mean
_______
________
e)
lake
_________
like
_______
________
f)
pick
_________
peak
_______
________
Work Book
95
3.
Find the words hidden in the puzzle using the clues. Two are done for you.
B
O
O
K
C
A
S
E
B
E
D
R
D
M
I
C
R
O
W
A
V
E
S
E
O
M
A
T
T
M
M
P
F
R
O
F
O
C
C
E
A
W
J
P
M
Z
F
R
R
U
R
L
B
I
I
E
U
B
A
I
P
P
C
E
L
G
A
N
Z
T
F
G
E
B
C
V
E
B
B
G
D
L
E
E
S
O
S
I
N
K
A
K
H
O
V
R
K
A
B
S
C
H
O
A
R
H
W
A
H
R
D
I
R
A
E
O
O
W
A
T
R
D
G
O
S
T
P
R
E
O
Y
O
Z
P
N
N
T
E
P
P
R
C
V
R
1.
Closed shelves in which books are kept =
BOOK CASE
2.
We use this when we sit on the floor
=
_______________.
3.
Go down into.
=
_______________.
4.
We sit on this.
=
_______________.
5.
This makes sound louder.
=
_______________.
6.
We can listen music on this.
=
_______________.
7.
We drink from this.
=
______________.
8.
We enter a room through this.
=
DOOR
_______________.
9.
Every classroom has this.
=
_______________.
10.
We use this when we read or write.
=
_______________.
11.
We watch many programs on this.
=
_______________.
12.
Something worn on the head.
=
_______________.
13.
Keeps vegetables and fruits fresh.
=
_______________.
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Work Book
Speaking Time
1.
2.
Look up the following words in the dictionary, find out their correct pronunciation and write their transcription in the space provided.
harvest _____________, supper _____________,
plague ____________,
solitary _____________, conscience _________,
envelop ___________,
paper ______________, crook _____________
farmer ____________,
Put 1, 2, 3 or 4 against the word in which any one of these sounds occurs:
/j/
/N/
/w/
/b/
1
2
3
4
yet ___________,
white __________,
yellow __________,
while _________,
bring __________,
thing ___________,
bite ___________,
bent __________,
went____________,
beauty _________.
The Passive Voice
1.
You are telling a friend some news. Use the notes and complete the second
sentence. Sometimes you need to use the active and sometimes the passive.
examples :
(i)
(Past Simple: Kamal/go/to Indore/last month).
You remember Kamal. He went to Indore last month.
(ii) (Present Perfect: Send/our luggage/to Australia).
Bad news about our luggage. It’s been sent to Australia.
1.
(Past Simple: Lalit/win/the quiz competition)
Did you hear about the quiz competition?
It __________________________.
Work Book
97
2.
(Present Perfect: a bull/attack/David)
Have you heard about David?
He’s _______________________________________________________.
3.
(Present Continuous: build/the house)
Pushpa and Pratik have bought a house.
It’s still _____________________________________________________.
4.
(Present Simple: Andrew/like/Jessica)
Did I tell you about Andrew?
He________________________________________________________.
5.
(Present Perfect: throw away/your stamp collection)
What’s about our stamp collection?
It’s _________________________________________________________.
6.
(Past Simple: five people/see/the ghost)
Did you hear about the ghost?
It _________________________________________________________.
2.
Read the sentence and write another sentence with the same meaning?
example: :We can solve the problem.
The problem can be solved.
1.
People should send their complaints to the head office.
Complaints ________________________________________________.
2.
They had to postpone the meeting because of illness.
The meeting ________________________________________________.
3.
Somebody might have stolen your car if you had left the keys in it.
Your car ___________________________________________________.
4.
An electric fault could have caused the fire.
The fire ___________________________________________________.
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Work Book
5.
They are going to hold next year’s Congress in San Francisco.
Next year’s Congress ________________________________________.
6.
They shouldn’t have played the football match in such a bad weather.
The football match _________________________________________.
3.
Write a second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the
word in brackets.
example :
We have to test there products. (be)
These products have to be tested.
1.
Sangita sang a sweet song. (was)
_______________________________________________________.
2.
Ajay’s passport was stolen. (had)
_______________________________________________________.
3.
They pay doctors a lot of money. (are)
_______________________________________________________.
4.
I hope they’ll interview me for the job. (shall)
_______________________________________________________.
5.
Someone was cleaning the floor. (being)
_______________________________________________________.
6.
It will attract a lot of visitors. (be)
_______________________________________________________.
7.
Someone has picked my pocket. (been)
_______________________________________________________.
8.
The police caught the thieves red handed. (were)
_______________________________________________________.
Work Book
99
9.
Everyone loves him. (is)
_______________________________________________________.
10. He will finish the work in a fortnight. (will)
_______________________________________________________.
4.
Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice:
1.
She showed the visitors the new baby.
_______________________________________________________.
2.
She promised him a book.
_______________________________________________________.
3.
Somebody must finish the work.
_______________________________________________________.
4.
People play football all over the world.
_______________________________________________________.
5.
Nobody has answered my question properly.
_______________________________________________________.
Nobody can repair this broken vase.
_______________________________________________________.
6.
7.
They showed me a beautiful drawing.
_______________________________________________________.
8.
They will take her to hospital tomorrow.
_______________________________________________________.
9.
You must not throw away empty bottles.
_______________________________________________________.
10. Teachers should make lessons more interesting for children.
_______________________________________________________.
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Work Book
Reading Time
Read the following passage carefully.
A FINAL FLOWERING
In the southern part of the city of Fukuoka, one of Japan’s largest cities, a fourmetre street alongside a reservoir had become an impossible bottle-neck, reducing commuter traffic to a crawl. So the city of Fukuoka decided to widen the street
to 12 metres – which meant that a row of cherry trees standing at the edge of the
reservoir would have to be cut down.
One tree, its buds still tightly clasped, had already fallen to the workman’s saw.
Like its companions, the tree was quite large, probably more than 50 years old.
The following day, a poem card – the kind upon which poets of ancient times brushed
lines inspired by the cherry blossoms’ beauty – was found dangling from a branch
of the tree next in line. On it was written a poem addressed to the Mayor of the city
of Fukuoka:
To the Keeper of Cherry
Trees, the Honourable
Mayor Shindo
Take pity on the flowers;
Please grant them a fortnight’s reprieve
That they may blossom one
Final spring.
News of the poem spread and a short time later a response fluttered from a bough
of the tree. On the card swaying in the chill breeze of incipient spring were written
the following lines:
The heart that grieves for the flowers
Is the noble and true heart of Yamato
May that gentle spirit ever prevail.
Work Book
101
Keeper of the Cherry Trees of Chikuzen
Kazuma.
Kazuma was the pen name of Mayor Shindo. The cutting of the trees was to be
postponed. Grateful citizens covered the trees’ branches with verses applauding
the Mayor’s decision.
Later, the Cherry Trees flowered; blossoming in an effusive, cloud of pale pink
against the blue skies of Fukuoka, as if pouring a final rush of energy into their last
days.
Now answer the questions given below :
1.
Match the words with their appropriate meanings:
‘A’
2.
‘B’
reservoir
beginning in an early stage.
clasp
a delay before something bad happens.
dangle
hang or swing loosely.
reprieve
a tool that has a long blade with sharp teeth.
incipient
to hold together, firm hold.
saw
a place where water is stored.
What did the city of Fukuoka decide?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3.
Why did they decide so?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4.
What has already fallen to workman’s saw?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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Work Book
5.
What was found dangling from a branch of a tree?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
6.
What was the appeal made by this poem?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
7.
What fluttered from a bough of the tree?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
8.
What did it appeal?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
9.
What was the effect of the two appeals?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
10. How have the cherry trees been described after the decision?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Work Book
103
Writing Time
>
A newspaper has reduced its price. We carried out a survey to find out whether
people want other newspapers to reduce their price also. Given below is a
chart showing the result of the survey?
60 –
50 –
Percentage
40 –
30 –
20 –
10 –
0–
39%
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
123456
17%
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
44%
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
English Readers
25%
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
20%
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
>
Hindi Readers
●
Agree
●
Disagree
●
55%
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
Don’t know
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345
Write a report on the findings as shown in the chart.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Work Book
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Work Book
105
12
The Wise Judge
Word Power
1.
Which of these words would you use to describe the judge and why?
cunning, confidence, decisive, deaf, impatient, impolite, gentle.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2.
Make meaningful sentences with the given words:
robe, punishment, court, dismount, robber
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Work Book
3.
Select as many words as you can from the lesson that describe the characters in the
box given below: Make at least two more sentences with the describing words you
have chosen from the text.
Judge, Oil Merchant, Ali, Writer, Mustafa, Butcher
examples
Ali
a)
Ali was lame.
b) Ali was a rogue.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Speaking Time
1.
Look up the following words in the dictionary, find out their correct pronunciation and write their transcription in the space provided.
Rogue ________
seized __________
butcher ________
Farmer _______
robe ___________
wrist __________
Walk _________
deserve _________
deaf __________
Work Book
107
2.
Given below are words in which one of the following sounds occurs. Say each
word aloud and write it under the correct sound symbol. The first one is done
for you.
pledger, pleasure, phase, joke, plays, treasure, breeze, jeer,
confusion, jaw, seize, occasion, major, zero, leisure.
/dZ /
Pledger
/z/
Phase
/3
3/
Pleasure
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
Modals :
Task :
Study the diagram and the modals in the box below it. Against each category list the modals that can be used.
request/offers
ability
Modals
probability
obligation/necessity
permission
can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall,
should, ought to, need to, have to.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Work Book
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Can, could and be able to
2.
-
Ability
In this exercise you have to use can or be able to. Sometimes it is possible to use
either; sometimes only be able to is possible
example :
Mohan has travelled a lot. He can (or is able to) speak four languages.
3.
1.
Tinu _________________ drive but he hasn’t got a car.
2.
I _________________ sleep very well.
3.
I can’t understand Anil. I __________ never understand him.
4.
I used to stand on my head but I ___________ do it now.
5.
Ask Amita about your problem. She ____________ help you.
In this exercise you have to complete the sentence with ‘could’
example :
I can’t sing now but I could sing very well when I was a child.
1.
He can’t play tennis very well now but he ____________________ quite well
when he was younger.
2.
She can’t run very fast now but when she was at school she _______________run
faster than anyone else.
3.
I can’t swim very far these day but ten years ago I ___________________
swim from one side of the lake to the other.
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109
4.
Last summer Jack broke his leg. However he still enjoyed himself, even though
he didn’t join in everything his family did. Look at the pictures and write sentences using could (n’t) and was (n’t) able to. Usually you can use both. When
can’t you?
Seema invites you to
a birthday party on
1st August at 7 p.m.
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Work Book
can, could, may and would : requests, permission, offers and invitation
5.
Change the following orders into polite requests, using could and would.
example
a)
Buy me some stamps!
b) Could/would you buy me some stamps?
c)
1. a)
Open the window!
b) __________________________________
c)
2. a)
Clean the blackboard!
Give out the books!
Carry my bag!
__________________________________
b) __________________________________
c)
6.
__________________________________
b) __________________________________
c)
4. a)
__________________________________
b) __________________________________
c)
3. a)
I wonder if you could/would buy me some
stamps?
__________________________________
Read the situation and write what you would say,. Use the words given in
brackets.
example
You’ve got a pound note but you need some change. You ask somebody to help you.
Can you change a pound?
1.
You want to borrow your friend’s camera. What do you say to him/her?
(Could I __________________________________________________)?
2.
You have a car and you want to give somebody a lift. What do you say?
(Can I ___________________________________________________)?
3.
The person in the next room has some music on very loud. How do you ask
him politely to turn it down?
(Do you think you ___________________________________________)?
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111
7.
This time you have to decide how to say what you want to say.
Examples
You have to carry some heavy boxes upstairs. Ask someone to help you.
Do you think you could give me a hand with these boxes?
1.
A friend has just come to see you in your flat. Offer him something to drink.
__________________________________________________________.
2.
You want your friend to show you how to change the film in your camera.
What do you say to him/her?
__________________________________________________________.
3.
You’re on a train. The woman next to you has finished reading her newspaper. Now you want to have a look at it. What do you say?
__________________________________________________________.
4.
You’re in the post office. You want three stamps for Japan. What do you say?
__________________________________________________________.
5.
You are sitting in a crowded bus. There is an old lady standing. Offer her
your seat.
__________________________________________________________.
may and might (future)
8.
Look at these pieces of advice and complete the sentences explaining why the
advice should be followed. Use may or might.
examples :
a.
You should reserve a seat on the train when you travel on bank holidays.
If, you don’t you may have to stand up for the whole journey.
b.
You’d better not carry that heavy suitcase.
If you do, you might injure your back.
1.
112
You should check the timetable before you leave for the station.
Work Book
If you don’t _____________________________________________.
2.
You shouldn’t go to a party the night before your exam.
If you do ________________________________________________.
3.
You should eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables.
If you don’t ____________________________________________.
9.
This time you have to talk about possible happenings. Use the word(s) in
brackets.
examples
Do you think it will rain this afternoon? (may)
It may rain this afternoon.
Do you think Anu will come to the party? (might not)
She might not come to the party.
1.
Do you think Pinky will be late? (may)
She ______________________________________________________
2.
Do you think Meeta will be able to find our house? (might not)
She ______________________________________________________
3.
Do you think there will be an election this year? (might)
_________________________________________________________
4.
Do you think Ranu will pass the exam? (may not)
_________________________________________________________
5.
Do you think they’ll be waiting for us when we arrive? (might)
_________________________________________________________
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10. Rewrite these sentences using may or might. You can use either.
example : May be you are right. I can’t be sure.
You may be right.
1.
Perhaps Gargi will help if you give her a ring.
__________________________________________________________.
2.
Possibly it’s a mistake.
__________________________________________________________.
3.
Perphaps things won’t be so bad after all.
__________________________________________________________.
4.
It’s possible that she won’t recognize you even if she sees you.
__________________________________________________________.
5.
Perhaps it’s broken.
__________________________________________________________.
Reading Time
Read the passage carefully.
A King went round the city, with his minister and at the frontier near the forest
he noticed that a woodcutter sleeping on he ground with a log of wood as his
pillow. The King was envious of the worker’s uninhibited sleep, blissfully unaware of the surroundings and asked the minister’s for the reason. When the
answer was that it was a question of habit, the King wanted this to be proved on
pain of death. The minister asked for six months’ time. In this interval, the woodcutter was brought up in a palatial building with all comfort and without having
to work. At the end of the period he was brought to the palace as the King’s
guest and at night he had a soft mattress to sleep on at the bottom of which the
minister placed a pin. The next morning, when the King asked the woodcutter
how he slept, the reply was that it was very much disturbed and uncomfortable
as there had been something rough underneath. On examination, the King noticed the pin. The minister was exonerated.
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Now answer the questions given below :
1.
2.
Find out the words in the passage which have similar meanings to the following words:
boundary ________________
like a palace ________________
comfortable bed ____________
free ______________________.
Where was the woodcutter sleeping?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3.
What did the king ask the minister to explain?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4.
What was the minister’s reply?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5.
What did the king ask the minister to prove?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6.
What experiment did the minister carry out to prove his point?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
7.
What happened at the end of the six months’ period?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
8.
Did the minister succeed in proving his point?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
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115
9.
Do you agree with the point, which the minister wanted to prove? Explain in
your own words?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
10.
Give a suitable title to the passage.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Writing Time
Look at the picture given below. It shows a large family living in unhealthy
conditions. Taking clues from the picture and using ideas of your own, write
an article, in about 200 words, on how increase in population leads to reduced availability of health services and deteriorating sanitary conditions:
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Some Tips are
• A large family
• More mouths to feed
• Less clean environment
• Less space per person
{Keeping these ideas in mind and using ideas of our own, write an article in about
200 words on how increase in population leads to reduce availability of health services and deteriorating sanitary conditions}.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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117
13
O Captain! My Captain !
Word Power
The word fear is a verb, when we add- ‘ful’ suffix it becomes adjective. Take ten
different words from the dictionary and make adjectives.
Example fear + ful = fearful
mourn + ful = mournful
1.
2.
Mark all the silent letters in each of the following sentences.
i)
They sang a psalm to honour the memory of the world famous psychologist as
she was laid to rest in the family tomb.
ii)
The psychologist was knifed in the knee as he was walking home.
iii)
He should have whistled as he fastened his sword to his belt.
iv)
You should have left me half the Christmas cake on Wednesday.
Match the words in the list on the left with their partners on the right.
a loaf
coal
two bars
fresh air
a slice
smoke
a tube
bread
cartons
118
of
cake
a shower
grass
blade
rain
cloud
milk
breath
chocolate
lump
soap
Work Book
example : a loaf of bread.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Speaking Time
1.
2.
Look up the following words in the dictionary, find out their correct pronunciation and write their transcription in the given spaces.
fearful ____________
sought _____________
exulting ____________
vessel _____________
prize ______________
bugle ______________
bouquets ___________
voyage ____________
shore ______________
Say these words aloud and write how many syllables are there. The first one is
done for you.
after
2
contribute
captain
examination
sought
enrolment
people
engineer
fearful
advertisement
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119
Reading Time
Read the poem carefully.
The Lonely Wanderer
I am a lonely wanderer
On my way towards death.
I love the clarity of air
Each time I take a breath.
I love the friends who walk with me
And then must go their way.
I love the rose at dawn and dusk
That celebrates each day.
I love to laugh at all the things
That do not know they’re fun,
And weep at all the things that wound
And shrivel up the sun.
Now answer the questions given below :
1.
Which lines of the poem convey that man is mortal?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2.
Who are the friends that walk with the wanderer?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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3.
Where do these friends go?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4.
Who or what is referred to as those who do not know they are fun?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5.
What is meant by shrivelling up the sun?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
6.
Find out the words in the poem which are opposite in meaning to the following:
haziness, mourns, laugh, and bloat.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
7.
Summarise the poem in about 80 words.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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121
Writing Time
The following picture shows that a lot of garbage, dirt and refuse is heaped
around the locality. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, describing this
condition in your words.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
V
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14
Gifts of Love
Word Power
1.
The word ‘transplant’ consists of the word ‘plant’ and the prefix ‘trans’. The
prefix trans is often found in scientific or semi-scientific writings, some other
prefixes also used in science are: anti-, micro-, tele-, photo and astro- what do
these prefixes mean?
a)
trans has two meanings:
(i) across, e.g., trans-Atlantic
(ii) to a changed state, e.g., transform
2.
b)
anti- usually means ‘against’ e.g. antinational.
c)
micro- means very small e.g. microchip
d)
tele- means linking across distances e.g. telepathy.
e)
photo-usually refers to light e.g. photography, photosynthesis.
f)
astro- usually refers to the stars or outer space e.g. astrology.
Fill in the blanks with anti-, micro-, tele-, photo-, astroa)
_________physics studies the chemical and physical condition of the stars.
b)
Many diseases are effectively cured by _______biotics.
c)
____________ communications have served to make the world a smaller place.
d)
To be a film star one must have a very _________genic face.
e)
A __________wave is a very short wave used for radio broadcasts.
f)
His latest novel is rather good. However its last chapter has a bit of an ___climax.
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123
Speaking Time
Consult a dictionary and find out how the following are broken into syllables.
Write them on the lines given against each.
haggling
_______________ overcoat
_______________
parsimony
_______________ beautiful
_______________
unwrap
_______________ expensive
_______________
rapidly
_______________ feminine
_______________
brilliant
_______________ introduction _______________
certificate
_______________ understand
_______________
cannot, must, ought, should, will - probability and certainty.
1.
Rewrite the sections in bold using can’t.
example She looks so young. I’m sure she’s not thirty yet.
She can’t be thirty yet
1.
It’s still quite early. I’m sure it’s not ten o’ clock
__________________________________________________________.
2.
She doesn’t look at all like Mina. I’m sure she isn’t her sister.
__________________________________________________________.
3.
He’s been very ill lately. He’s probably not very well even now.
__________________________________________________________.
4.
There’s no answer. They’re probably not in.
__________________________________________________________.
5.
He looks very ill. I’m sure he’s not feeling very well.
__________________________________________________________.
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2.
Use should be or ought to be with one of these phrases to comment on each of the
sentence below.
a comfortable trip
really interesting
an exciting game
very profitable
a nice day
nice and quiet
example : We are going to Pachmarhi for a holiday this summer.
It should be really interesting
1.
Baluasked me to his birthday party. That ought to be fun
__________________________________________________________.
2.
There’s a good match on this weekend. Yes, it
__________________________________________________________.
3.
We couldn’t get standard tickets so we’re traveling in first class. Well, at least
it
__________________________________________________________.
4.
The weather forecast for tomorrow is excellent. Yes, it
__________________________________________________________.
5.
Pankaj has just opened a new shop in the High Street. I know. It
__________________________________________________________.
3.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals:
1.
In the games field we _________________ follow the rules.
2.
The ____________ present the draft on Monday.
3.
He _______________ to speak so rudely.
4.
They _____________ live in a world of their own.
5.
The father ______________ have scolded his son for his mischief.
6.
_________________ we go against tradition?
7.
You ______________ speak ill of others.
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125
8.
The police ______________ have traced the culprit by now.
9.
We _______________ defeat the enemy.
10. The corporation ______________ clear the city regularly.
4.
Write comments with must after the following sentences.
example : You haven’t eaten for a whole day? (you/ starving)
You must be starving
1.
They’ve been traveling all night? (they/ out)
.
2.
He’s passed his exam? (he/ delighted)
__________________________________________________________.
3.
Your wife is in hospital? (you/ very worried)
__________________________________________________________.
4.
Your son has won a scholarship? (you/ very proud of him)
__________________________________________________________.
5.
Make these invitations very welcoming by starting with ‘you must’.
example : Can you come to our party next week?
You must come to our party next week.
1.
Do have another cup of coffee?
__________________________________________________________.
2.
Will you stay for lunch?
__________________________________________________________.
3.
Would you like another piece of cake?
__________________________________________________________.
4.
Can’t you stay a little longer?
__________________________________________________________.
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Work Book
have to, have got to, must, mustn’t (obligation and necessity)
6.
7.
Match these clauses with the have got to clauses.
1.
It’s getting late __________
a ______ so I’m afraid we’ve got to walk.
2.
You broke the window _______
b ______ so I’ve got to start all over again.
3.
Mother is away ____________
c ____ so we’ve got to look after ourselves.
4.
The car has broken own _______ d _________ so you’ve got to pay for it.
5.
I’ve got it all wrong _________
e _____________ so we’ve got to go.
The doctor is giving advice. Complete these sentences with you must or you mustn’t.
example : You must take this before every meal.
8.
1.
_________ take two of these every morning.
2.
_________ get out of bed.
3.
_________ get plenty of sleep.
4.
_________ have any alcoholic drinks.
5.
_________ drink lots of water.
List the things you have to do if you join the army, using must or have to.
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127
example : You have to keep your hair short .
9.
1.
__________________________________________________________.
2.
__________________________________________________________.
3.
__________________________________________________________.
4.
__________________________________________________________.
5.
__________________________________________________________.
6.
__________________________________________________________.
7.
__________________________________________________________.
8.
__________________________________________________________.
Match the sentences and comments.
10.
My trousers are creased.
I need to get it mended.
My computer’s broken.
I need to get it painted.
My torch won’t work.
I need to take a taxi.
The house looks awful.
I need to get it cut.
My air is too long.
I need to get a new battery.
My car has broken down.
I need to get them pressed.
Add comments to these sentences. Using needn’t have.
1.
The letter was so untidy, I wrote it again.
__________________________________________________________
2.
He was so worried about being late that he sent the letter by fax.
__________________________________________________________
3.
She was so worried about not getting a seat that she bought a first- class ticket.
__________________________________________________________
4.
We weren’t sure about sheets and towels, so we brought our own.
__________________________________________________________
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5.
The old people thought the room was dirty, so they cleaned it out themselves.
__________________________________________________________
6.
I didn’t know you were coming home, so I cooked my own supper.
__________________________________________________________
11.
Anita is better now. List four things she doesn’t have to do now.
1.
She doesn’t have to stay in bed.
2.
______________________________________________________.
3.
______________________________________________________.
4.
______________________________________________________.
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129
should, ought, ought to have – (mild obligation and advice)
11.
Match these situations with advice you might given in each one.
It’s raining.
You should take a rest.
It’s to far to walk.
You should ask a policeman.
Someone doesn’t know which
way to go.
You should take an umbrella
Someone is going to live overseas.
You should wear an overcoat.
Someone has to get up early in
You should see a doctor.
the morning.
Someone hasn’t got any money.
You should learn the language.
It’s going to be a cold day.
You should pay by cheque.
Someone is tried out.
You should take a taxi.
Someone has seen someone
breaking into a shop window.
You should set your alarm clock.
Someone is feeling hot and has
a headache.
You should call the police.
example : It’s raining. You should take an umbrella.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Work Book
12. Complete the following sentences using ‘you ought to’ or you ‘ought not to’.
examples : You ought to drive carefully on a busy road.
You ought not to eat between meals if you want to lose weight.
1.
2.
__________pay your bills regularly.
__________be selfish.
3.
__________smoke too heavily.
4.
__________go to the dentist’s regularly.
5.
__________lie in bed late every day.
13. Imagine you are explaining to a young child how to behave in a park and in a
library. Use words from the box.
can
ought to
must
should
mustn’t
oughtn’t
In a park you
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
In a library you
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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131
Reading Time
Read the passage carefully.
All that we do and attempt proceeds from faith, and if we are deficient in faith
nothing can be accomplished. When we are deficient in faith our work begins to
flag and failure is frequent; but if we have faith things are done for us. No great
work has ever been done without this essential courage. Misled by egoism, we
believe that we are working, that the results of what we do are our creation and
when anything has to be done we ask ourselves whether we have the strength, the
means, the requisite qualities; but in reality all work is done by the will of God,
and when faith in Him is the mainspring of our actions, success is inevitable.
Sometimes we wish a thing very intensely and our wish is accomplished. The
wish was in fact a prayer and a sincere prayer receives its answer. It need not be
consciously addressed to God, because prayer is not a form of words but an
aspiration. If we aspire, we pray. But the aspiration must be absolutely unselfish, not alloyed by the thought of petty advantages or lower aims if it is to succeed. When we mingle self with our aspirations, we weaken to that extent the
strength of the prayer and the success is proportionately less.
- Shri Aurobindo.
Now answer the questions given below :
1.
2.
Write noun forms of the following verbs:
attempt
______________
proceed ______________
believe
______________
fail
______________
What is faith?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3.
Why is faith in God necessary?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4.
What is the secret of success?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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5.
What is a prayer? How is the value of a prayer lessened?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
6.
When is ‘a wish’ ‘a prayer’?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
7.
What is egoism? How does it harm life?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
8.
Explain the statement, ‘If we aspire, we pray’.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
9.
If one has no faith in God, how should he work?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
10. Give a suitable title to the passage.
_______________________________________________________________
Writing Time
1.
You are staying in a hostel in another city. Write a letter to your father describing your study, food and class- mates.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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133
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2.
Express your views on the following lines
“Judging a man by his looks is like Choosing a book by its cover”.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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15
Uncle Podger Hangs a Picture
Word Power
1.
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in brackets:
i)
A little _________ is a dangerous thing. (know)
ii)
There is no misery so great as _________. (poor)
iii)
The boy was tossing __________ in his bed. (fever)
iv)
There is nothing so _________ as human life. (price)
v)
You can’t pass an examination without __________ (prepare)
vi)
The trees looked ____________ in the morning sun. (gold)
vii) Uncle Podger would be ___________ against the wall. (precipitate)
2.
Look up these phrases in the story and then use them in simple sentences of
your own:
heavily off, lift up, looking for, taken off, sight of, put up.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
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135
3.
Add ‘ly’ to these words and use them in simple sentences:
real
______________
quick _____________
terrible ______________ gradual______________
happy _____________
mere
______________ true
______________ whole ______________
possible ____________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4.
Some adjectives become ‘verbs’ when suffix – en is added to them:
Make verbs from the following adjectives by adding ‘en’ and use them in sentences of your own:
136
flat + en
flatten
Adjective
(verb)
slack
_________________
sick
_________________
black
_________________
wide
_________________
red
_________________
rough
_________________
dark
_________________
Work Book
Speaking Time
1.
2.
Say these words aloud and write how many syllables are there. Then consult a
dictionary and check your answer.
commotion
precipitate
horizontal
crooked
hinder
insecure
grunt
wretched
slide
picture
Consult a dictionary and find out how the following words are broken into syllables. Write their transcription on the lines provided.
undertook ______________
wanted ______________
gradually ______________
forgotten ______________
handkerchief ______________
arrangement ______________
expect ______________
sufficient ______________
measure ______________
achievement ______________
Clause / Sentence
1.
Look at the sentences and state their kind (Simple, Compound or Complex)
1.
We must eat to live, but we should not Live to eat_____________________
2.
They serve God well who serve his creatures.________________________
3.
He confessed his guilt. ________________________________________
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137
4.
Govern your passions or they will govern you._______________________
5.
Man is guided by reason and beast by instinct._______________________
6.
His friends hoped for his success. _______________________________
7.
I am glad that he has recovered from his illness.____________________
8.
Whether we can start tomorrow seems uncertain.___________________
9.
Life is what we make it._______________________________________
10. He tried hard but he did not succeed._____________________________
2.
3.
Underline the Noun Clauses in the following sentences:
1.
I thought that it would be a fine day.
2.
He begged that his life might be spared.
3.
Pay careful attention to what I am going to say.
4.
It is sure that he would come.
5.
He replied that he would come.
Some words in the sentences given below are italicized Replace these words
with suitable Noun Clauses. Use that or what:
examples : The bench pronounced the man guilty.
The bench pronounced that the man was guilty.
1.
My son hoped for his success in the competition.
__________________________________________________________
2.
They expect us to be in time
__________________________________________________________
3.
The patient is hopeful about his recovery.
_________________________________________________________
4.
Our cricket team was sure to win the test match.
__________________________________________________________
5.
She knows her son to be trustworthy.
__________________________________________________________
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4.
Combine the following pairs of the sentences by using Noun Clauses.
1.
You must exercise daily.
This is essential.
____________________________________________________________
2.
The younger generation is very fast.
It is well known.
____________________________________________________________
3.
How should I save enough money?
I don’t know this.
____________________________________________________________
4.
The school will be closing for a month. You have been told.
____________________________________________________________
5.
She did her best.
Everybody thinks so.
____________________________________________________________
Reading Time
Read the passage carefully.
Strength is essential. Strength is one thing. Awareness of strength is another. It
is not enough if we are strong; we should also be aware of our strength. It is not
enough if we are rich; we should also be aware of our richness. Our strength and
wealth will be useless if we are not aware of their existence in us. Then, it makes
no difference whether we have them or do not have them. Ramesh is a rich
person. He has cash in his pocket. On the way to a hotel, his pocket is picked and
his cash is lost. Ramesh has no knowledge of the loss. He goes to the restaurant;
sits with confidence and eats like a lord. Praveen is a poor person. He has no
money. He is hungry. He stands near a hotel. Somebody related to him goes
close to him and thrusts into his pocket a thousand rupee note folded in a piece
of a paper. Poor Praveen is not aware of the cash in his pocket. He stands on he
pavement and begs for alms, though he can afford to eat like a lord sitting in a
restaurant. It is the awareness or ignorance that causes the feeling of the richness or poverty. A rich person may be poor for want of awareness of his wealth.
And a person without money may behave like a rich man on account of his ignorance of the strength of wealth.
Awareness of our culture, glory and heritage is sure source of strength. This
awareness of our country’s wealth is called national pride. It makes us hold our
heads high with confidence and self-esteem.
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Now answer the questions given below :
1.
Find out the words in the passage which have the same meanings as the given
words:
the state of being real, side walk, a lack of knowledge, proud of your own
self.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2.
In what condition our strength and wealth will be useless?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3.
What is the point of comparison in the two instances of Ramesh and Praveen?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4.
How did Ramesh behave? On what basis did he behave so?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5.
How did Praveen behave?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
6.
Whose behaviour do you agree with and why?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
7.
How may a rich person and a person without money behave?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
8.
What is real source of strength?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
9.
What is called national pride? How does it affect us?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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10. Give a suitable title to the passage.
_______________________________________________________________
Writing Time
•
Read the following conversation between Arif and Bhomik. Arif later reported
it to his mother. Complete the report that follows the conversation:
Arif
:
It is 98936-74098?
Bhomik
:
Yes, it is.
Arif
:
Hello! Is that Dr. Manisha?
Bhomik
:
No, it is Bhomik.
Arif
:
Could you get her please? It’s urgent?
Bhomik
:
I’m sorry, she is out of station.
Arif
:
But, my little sister Naisha, has eaten six bananas and is very sick. I
don’t know what to do?
Bhomik
:
Why don’t you give her a Cardamon Pod to chew?
I phoned Dr. Manisha. Mr. Bhomik replied. I asked him, if he would
_______________ as the matter. __________________But Mr. Bhomik
appologised and said that Dr. Manisha. ___________________. I told him that
______________six banana. Mr Bhomik suggested that _________________.
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16
The Broken Wing
Word Power
1.
Make new words using prefix ‘un’ and use them in sentences of your own:
example : un + conquered = unconquered
2.
a)
reliable
________________________________________________
b)
true
________________________________________________
c)
forgettable
________________________________________________
d)
faithful
________________________________________________
e)
godly
________________________________________________
Build the word pyramid as shown in the picture. Fill in the number of letters
shown against each horizontal column. The last one is done for you.
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Write antonyms of the following words:
Ope, radiant, still, frail, daunt.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Speaking Time
Find out from the dictionary the stress mark on the following words and
pronounce them.
mournful
dawn
great
wake
sweet
slumber
return
eager
renew
radiant
glory
spring
renascent
destine
ancient
desire
Reading Time
Read the poem carefully.
Imaginary Wings
Fly upon imaginary wings
Over every dark and windswept storm.
Rise above all turbulence and harm
To where the white_robed angels praises sing,
Yearning for external peace and joy.
Even as the winds your worlds destroy,
In you there is an alien voice, and calm,
Giving forth the word that rapture brings:
Holy, holy is all life and death!
There is a paradise within each breath.
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Now answer the questions given below :
1.
Where does the poet request us to fly?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2.
What is meant by ‘every dark and windswept storm’?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3.
Which place does the poet refer to in line 4?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4.
What winds are such that they would destroy one’s world?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5.
Give one word for ‘the alien, calm voice in you’.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
6.
What is that which brings enormous joy to the poet?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
7.
Write one word which means the same as each of the following words:
turbulence, eternal, rapture?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
8.
Summarise the poem in 80 words?
_______________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Writing Time
My Hobby
Complete the following dialogue between two students:
Neha
- Hello Rani, How are you?
Rani
- I am fine, thank you.
Neha
- What’s there in your hands?
Rani
- It’s a book of stories.
Neha
- Oh! You seem to be very much interested in stories.
Rani
- My hobby is to collect story-books.
Neha
- Then you must be having a number of books.
Rani
- Yes, I’ve. What about your hobby?
Neha
- _____________________________________________.
Rani
- _____________________________________________.
Neha
- _____________________________________________.
Rani
- _____________________________________________.
Neha
- _____________________________________________.
Rani
- _____________________________________________.
Neha
- _____________________________________________.
Rani
- _____________________________________________.
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17
A Grain as Big as a Hen’s Egg
Word Power
1.
Complete the table with other forms of the words given in the box. Use a dictionary to help you if necessary:
Verb
Noun
Adjective
accomplishment
achievable
succeed
attain
fulfillment
2
Fill each of the blanks to form a new compound adjective. Use a dictionary if
necessary. One example in each given below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
146
_____________
5._____________
bright- eyed
ready – made
_____________
_____________
_____________
6. _____________
dust – proof
problem - free
______________
_____________
_____________
7.______________
narrow – minded
bald - headed
_____________
______________
_____________
8.______________
low- necked
soft - hearted
______________
______________
Work Book
3.
Onomatopoeic words are those which seem to sound like their meaning .Eg. gr.
(at the beginning of a word can suggest something unpleasant)
Example: grumble (complain in a bad tempered way)
a)
cl (at the beginning of a word can suggest something sharp and metallic)
Example – clatter.
b)
-ash(at the end of a word can suggest the fast and violent)
Example – smash.
c)
wh- (at the beginning of a word can suggest the movement of air)
Example – whistle.
d)
– ckle (at the end of a word can suggest the light and repeated)
Example – chuckle.
Now find out the different words from dictionary and write their meanings
also.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Speaking Time
Consult the dictionary, find out the correct pronunciation and stress mark on
the following words, pronounce them and write their transcription.
ponder ____________ crutches __________
coveted _____________
grain _____________
curiosity __________
together _____________
surprise ___________ search ____________
peasant _____________
present ____________ question __________
outer ______________
reply _____________
ceased _____________
enough___________
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Adjective (Relative) Clause
1.
Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that or which in the following conversation.
Ayush
: Do you know anybody …………as been to China?
Pushpa
: No, but I know a person ……….I met at a party who knows someone
……….has
Ayush
been to China.
: There’s one thing ………. I can’t understand. Why don’t many Indians go to
China?
Pushpa
: I think I can make an intelligent guess. It is the language problem.
Ayush
: Do you mean, Pushpa, that the educated Chinese ………….. are so advanced,
do not know English!
Pushpa
: No, I don’t mean that. Perhaps the educated Chinese do not use English the
way educated Indians do.
Ayush
: I’m still not convinced. How have the Chinese………. do not know English
come up so well.
Pushpa
2.
: But I am convinced that knowing English is not necessary for advancement.
Combine the information to make news items. Make the sentence in brackets into
as Adjective (relative) clause with who or which:
Example:
example : A man has been arrested. (he was found picking pockets at the bus stop)
The man who was found picking pockets at the bus stop has been arrested.
1.
A cooking gas cylinder caused a lot of damage. (It exploded in our kitchen).
__________________________________________________________
2.
Rabindra Nath Tagore has won the Nobel Prize. (He wrote Gitanjali).
__________________________________________________________
3.
A cricketer has been banned for life. (He took drugs).
__________________________________________________________
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Work Book
4.
A little girl has been found safe and well. (She has been missing since Tuesday).
__________________________________________________________
5.
An old lady now wants to climb Mount Everest. (She did a parachute jump).
__________________________________________________________
6.
A company has laid off thousands of workers. (It owns a chain of petrolpumps).
__________________________________________________________
3.
You are reading a crime story. There was a burglary at Mr. Patel’s house. Look
at the detective’s note and write a sentence about each person. Use a relative
clause with ‘who’ or ‘whose’.
example: Ganpat, a neighbour – he had an argument with Mr. Patel.
Ganpat is the neighbour who had an argument with Mr. Patel.
Somesh, a politician – his brother once worked for Mr. Patel.
Somesh is the politician whose brother once worked for Mr. Patel.
1.
Surya, a journalist – his tape recorder was stolen.
__________________________________________________________
2.
Azhar Ali a grocer – he rented Mr. Patel’s shop.
__________________________________________________________
3.
Kishan, a farmer – Mr. Patel bought his land.
__________________________________________________________
4.
Somesh, a lawyer – he looked after Mr. Patel’s interests.
__________________________________________________________
5.
Girdhair, a guest – his finger prints were on the door handle.
__________________________________________________________
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149
Reading Time
Read the passage carefully.
Small is Sweet
There are thousands of places in the hilly regions of India where small hydroelectric power generators ranging from a few kilowatts to several megawatts could
serve remote rural settlements. But small hydropower development in India has
hydroelectric plant of 200 kw. Capacity was installed at Darjeeling in 1887.
In comparison, China had over 88,000 small hydropower stations with a total installed capacity of 6,929 mw, in 1980 which generated approximately one – third
of all the electricity consumed in rural arrears in that year, over 86,000 stations
had an installed capacity of less than 0.5 mw. each, and accounted for 60 percent of
the total installed capacity of small hydro units.
Smaller units can be built, maintained and operated by rural communities and need
not become part of the national gird. A 0.5 mw. station can energies 100 w. bulbs in
5,000 households; in other words, a small hill village can be well off even with a
0.1 mw.unit. However, in 1980, India had an installed capacity of only 220 mw. in
small hydro units, most of them in Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and
Kashmir, Anurachal Pradesh, 6,800 kw. Less than 10 percent of the installed capacity was represented by units of a size less than 500 kw. And less than 2 percent
was in units of sizes of 100 kw. Or less, which are actually classified as mirco
hydel units.
A detailed survey of small hydro potential has yet to be conducted. According to
an official estimate; this potential is about 2,000 mw, in the hilly areas but this is
definitely an underestimate especially if sites for micro hydel units – less than
100 kw. – are included. Another 3,000 mw. Worth can be set up to utilize the small
falls that dot irrigation canals in the plains.
According to the Central Electricity Authority, small hydel units work out costlier
per kilowatt installed than larger hydel projects: between Rs.8, 000/- and Rs.15,
000/- as compared to Rs.3, 000/- to Rs, 7,000/- But the smaller the unit, the smaller
the initial capital required and the gestation period. Most important, they can be
operated by local communities without any national bureaucracy being involved.
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Work Book
Now answer the questions given below :
1.
Add suitable suffixes to the given words to make adjectives:
region, community, nation, cost, operate, import.
_______________________________________________________________
2.
What could serve remote rural settlement?
_______________________________________________________________
3.
What was installed at Darjeeling and when?
_______________________________________________________________
4.
How was the installation of small hydropower station an important step for
China?
_______________________________________________________________
5.
How much energy can be gained from a 0.5 m.w. station?
_______________________________________________________________
6.
What do the small units require?
_______________________________________________________________
7.
What is the most important aspect of the smaller units?
_______________________________________________________________
8.
Do you think the smaller units can serve our purpose successfully? Why?
_______________________________________________________________
9.
Name the station where India had installed small hydro units.
_______________________________________________________________
10. Justify the title of the passage “small is sweet.”
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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151
Writing Time
Write against each sign what it stands for;
Explain what these signs mean:
1.
__________________________________________________________
2.
__________________________________________________________
3.
__________________________________________________________
4.
__________________________________________________________
5.
__________________________________________________________
6.
__________________________________________________________
7.
__________________________________________________________
8.
__________________________________________________________
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Work Book
18
India’s Gift to the World Louis Fisher
Word Power
1.
2.
Match the following words from the lesson with their opposites given in the
box:
love
violent
sorrow
peace
smooth
ugly
pride
modern
succeed
friend
cruel
synonym
heavy
worst
major
deep
calm
war
beautiful
ancient
shame
rough
enemy
kind
hatred
joy
light
best
shallow
minor
fail
antonym
A few words are given below. Some of them are without suffixes and others
have suffixes. Group them under ‘A’ and ‘B’ respectively.
fearless
common
individual
freedom
Hinduism
status
helpless
conflict
Example:
Without Suffix
With Suffix
moderate
civilian
Work Book
moderate
fixer civilian
153
3.
The following are three column headings. Select the associated words from
the box below and write them under the relevant heading.
India
Italy
Sikh
Japan
Christia
Chinese
Russian
Indian
Jew
Muslim
English
Srilanka
Nepal
Hindu
American
Country
Community
Nationality
Speaking Time
1.
Consult the dictionary to find out the correct pronunciation and stress mark
on the following words, pronounce them and write their transcription.
fascinat__________
solution __________
spectacle _________
decisive ________
technique ________
accept _________
achieve _________ refuse __________
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Work Book
transition __________
articulate __________
relinquish __________
search
__________
If clauses/ conditional clauses
1.
Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets:
i)
If the pencil is blunt, you should__________ (sharpen) it.
ii)
I would be very grateful to you if you_________ (keep) quiet for an hour.
iii) If you ______ (see) the Taj on a full moon night, it will look enchanting.
iv)
If she had _________ (bring) a sewing machine, she would have stitched the
clothes.
v)
If you go to the book stall, you should ____________ (purchase) a science
magazine for me.
2.
Pick out the Adverb clauses in the following sentences. Tell the kind of each
clause and point out the word in the main clause which it modifies:
1.
He speaks better than he writes.
_______________________________________________________________
2.
He ran so fast that I could not overtake him.
_______________________________________________________________
3.
If I were you I would do it at once.
_______________________________________________________________
4.
Since you say so, I must believe it.
_______________________________________________________________
5.
Whenever we approach the house, we hear the sound of music.
_______________________________________________________________
6.
Let him be arrested whenever he may be found.
_______________________________________________________________
7.
As soon as I heard the news I telephoned you.
_______________________________________________________________
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155
8.
You may go home after your work is finished.
_______________________________________________________________
3.
4.
Supply suitable adverb clauses:
1.
He has changed so much ________________________________________.
2.
Physics is less difficult _________________________________________.
3.
He always comes _____________________________________________.
4.
Take a lamp _________________________________________________.
5.
I am so busy _________________________________________________.
6.
We shall miss the train _________________________________________.
7.
Do not go __________________________________________________.
Use each of the following clauses in a sentence, and say what work it does in
your sentence:
Clause
Sentence / function
1.
When he was born
___________________________________
2.
While the sun shines
___________________________________
3.
Because I was tired
___________________________________
4.
Who help themselves
___________________________________
5.
That he was a true friend ___________________________________
6.
Why you did this
___________________________________
7.
If I were you
___________________________________
8.
As she is beautiful
___________________________________
9.
Although he is not rich
___________________________________
10. Since you are late
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Work Book
Reading Time
Read the passage carefully.
Swami Vivekananda, after his triumphant trip to West, returned to India. As soon
as he reached his motherland at Rameswaram, he rolled on the sands there and
wept with admiration and affection for Bharat Mata. Someone asked him “Sir,
you are the son of this soil. What was your feeling towards your motherland
before you left for the West and what is your estimate of her now that you have
returned to her from West? What is the difference? Do you find your motherland to be different now?”
Swamiji replied:
“Earlier, I considered India only as my mother. So I loved her. I did not know her
full greatness then. I simply loved her as any son would love his mother. But,
now, I find her to be not a mere mother. She is Ratnagarbha. She is rich in
every respect. Despite the foreigner’s repeated plunder, she continues to be
rich. Now I find every particle of sand in India to be sacred, not merely lovable
but venerable and adorable”.
When we are not aware of our wealth and glory we are likely to become weak
and miserable. It is like a millionaire begging for alms.
Now answer the questions given below :
1.
Pick the odd ones out:
(i)
admiration, respect, glamour, wonder
(ii) affection, love, liking, detection
(iii) walkable, respectable, honorable, venerable
(iv) adorable, disable, lovable, attractive
2.
Why did Swamiji weep when he returned to India?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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157
3.
What was Swamiji asked on his return to India?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4.
What does Swamiji mean by the word ‘Ratnagarbha’? Explain in your own words.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5.
What was Swamiji reply, how his love for his mother land has changed?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
6.
What makes us weak and miserable?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
7.
Why did Swamiji find every particle of Mother India venerable and adorable?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
8.
Give a suitable title to the passage.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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Writing Time
Science or technology can be misused in different ways by which we may lose
our greatest wealth of health.
You may use the ideas given below and write an essay on
Health Hazards
Unhygienic Junk Food
Pesticides in agriculture
Chemicals in cosmetics
Toxins in soft drinks
Artificial measures to ripen fruits and promote yield from fields .
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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