Chapter 2: Tools of Earth Science
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Anything that helps you do a task is called a(n)
a. kelvin.
c. tool.
b. measurement.
d. SI unit.
____
2. What does a spring scale measure?
a. force
b. volume
c. mass
d. length
3. What is the basic SI unit for length?
a. foot
b. meter
c. kilogram
d. metric ton
____
____
4. Which of the following tools would you use to analyze and calculate data?
a. stopwatch
c. computer
b. balance
d. graduated cylinder
____
5. Which of the following statements about the International System of Units is true?
a. It is never used by scientists.
c. It is used by only a few people.
b. It was invented in the 1960s.
d. It is based on the number 10.
____
6. Which of the following tools would you use to measure mass?
a. meterstick
c. graduated cylinder
b. balance
d. spring scale
____
7. What is a theory?
a. a system of ideas that explains many related observations and is supported by evidence
from scientific investigation
b. a concise statement of scientific fact that is accepted as true
c. a hypothesis that is not supported by scientific evidence
d. the review of research by scientists prior to publication
____
8. The fact that some birds fly south for the winter is an example of what?
a. a model in science
c. a random behavior of animals
b. a predictable pattern in nature
d. a physical model in nature
____
9. Which of the following statements about the theory of an Earth-centered universe is true?
a. Scientists made new observations and developed a new theory.
b. The theory is still considered valid by scientists today.
c. The theory is supported by the law of universal gravitation.
d. The theory of an Earth-centered universe became a law.
____ 10. What type of model is made up of equations and data?
a. a magnetic model
c. a physical model
b. a mathematical model
d. a gravitational model
____ 11. Which of the following tools is used to create a climate model?
a. telescope
c. microscope
b. balance
d. computer
____ 12. In science, what is a law?
a. the review of research by scientists prior to publication
b. an explanation that encompasses hypotheses and observations
c. a descriptive statement or equation that reliably predicts events under certain conditions
d. legislation that regulates research and ethics in science
____ 13. What type of model often looks like the thing it represents?
a. a theoretical model
c. a physical model
b. a chemical model
d. a computer model
____ 14. Which of the following statements about models is NOT true?
a. Models can represent things that are too small to see.
b. Models can represent things that are too large to see.
c. Models can be used to explain the past and predict the future.
d. Models are always accurate representations.
____ 15. Which part of a map shows a list of symbols that need explanations?
a. title
c. legend
b. date
d. scale
____ 16. Which of the following is used to gather data in a passive remote-sensing system?
a. satellite-mounted sensor
c. compass
b. microwave
d. radar
____ 17. Which of the following is used to gather data in an active remote-sensing system?
a. satellite
c. compass
b. radar
d. sensor
____ 18. Which of the following connects points of equal elevation?
a. contour line
c. relief line
b. legend line
d. latitude line
____ 19. What color is normally used to indicate contour lines on a topographic map?
a. black
c. pink
b. brown
d. blue
____ 20. Which of the following shows the distribution of geologic features in a given area?
a. road map
c. geologic map
b. remote-sensing map
d. climate map
____ 21. Which of the following features would probably NOT be identified on a geologic map?
a. rock units
c. roads
b. mineral deposits
d. fossil localities
____ 22. What is the International System of Units based on?
a. the number 5
c. the number 100
b. the number 10
d. the number .01
____ 23. Which of the following can make trillions of calculations every second?
a. the Internet
c. a calculator
b. a supercomputer
d. a CD player
____ 24. Which of the following statements about patterns in nature is true?
a. Migration is not a pattern in nature.
b. Nature follows predictable patterns.
c. Nature is totally unpredictable.
d. Science and patterns in nature are not related.
____ 25. Which of the following models can you touch?
a. a computer model
c. a physical model
b. a mathematical model
d. a theoretical model
____ 26. Which statement about the theory of an Earth-centered universe is true?
a. The theory has been proven true.
c. Observations led to a new theory.
b. The theory has been rediscovered.
d. Observations proved the theory true.
____ 27. Which of the following connect points of equal elevation?
a. index contours
c. relief lines
b. contour intervals
d. contour lines
____ 28. What is a representation of an object or a process called?
a. theory
c. model
b. scientific law
d. hypothesis
____ 29. What does a compass needle point to?
a. the prime meridian
b. the magnetic north pole
c. the South Pole
d. the equator
____ 30. What is the basic International System of Units measurement for length?
a. gram
c. meter
b. foot
d. liter
____ 31. On a topographic map, which of the following connect points of equal elevation?
a. legends
c. geologic units
b. contour lines
d. open circles
____ 32. Which of the following helps scientists quickly analyze data?
a. spring scale
c. GPS
b. computer
d. balance
____ 33. To find out how much wallpaper you need for a wall, you would need to find out the wall’s
a. length.
c. volume.
b. mass.
d. area.
____ 34. Which of the following models is used to track variables that affect climate change?
a. mathematical
c. policy
b. physical
d. chemical
____ 35. Which of the following is an example of a long-standing scientific theory that changed when new
observations were made?
a. the theory of relativity
c. the theory of a sun-centered universe
b. the theory of universal gravitation
d. the theory of an Earth-centered universe
____ 36. Which of the following terms describes a system of ideas that explains related observations and is supported
by scientific evidence?
a. a theory
c. a scientific law
b. a model
d. an experiment
____ 37. Which of the following maps would be used to identify folded, tilted, or broken rocks?
a. a climate map
c. a political map
b. a road map
d. a geologic map
Use the map to answer the following questions.
____ 38. How many cities on the map are shown west of the 110°W longitude line?
a. 2
c. 7
b. 8
d. 3
____ 39. What is the closest line of latitude to Charleston?
a. 80°W
c. 40°N
b. 30°N
d. 70°W
____ 40. What kind of tool is a spring scale?
a. a tool for seeing
b. a tool for measuring
c. a tool for analyzing
d. a safety tool
____ 41. Which of the following statements about the International System of Units is NOT true?
a. Most scientists use it.
b. It is based on the foot and the pound.
c. All its units are based on the number 10.
d. It is easy to change from one unit to another.
____ 42. You can use a balance to measure
a. temperature.
b. volume.
c. force.
d. mass.
____ 43. Which of the following tools is a scientist likely to use to analyze a model with many variables, such as a
climate model?
a. a calculator
c. a computer
b. GPS
d. GIS
____ 44. If a topographic map included a very high mountain next to an area of low hills, which statement would best
describe the contour lines on the map?
a. The contour lines would be dark blue.
b. The contour lines around the mountain would be very close together.
c. The contour lines would cross near the top of the mountain.
d. The contour lines around the rolling hills would be very close together.
____ 45. When analyzing results, scientists sometimes arrange data in a
a. graph.
c. hypothesis.
b. speech.
d. variable.
____ 46. The prime meridian runs through which city?
a. Greenwich, England
b. New York City, NY
c. New Delhi, India
d. Rome, Italy
Completion
Complete each statement.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
law
mass
theory
area
volume
meter
47. The basic SI unit of length is the ____________________.
48. A measure of the size of a surface is called ____________________.
49. The amount of space that something takes up is called ____________________.
50. The amount of matter that makes up an object is called ____________________.
51. A statement or equation that reliably predicts events under certain conditions is called a(n)
____________________.
52. A system of ideas that explains related observations and is supported by scientific evidence is called a(n)
____________________ .
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
remote sensing
magnetic north pole
prime meridian
GIS
53. A compass needle points to the ____________________.
54. The longitude line at 0° is called the ____________________.
55. Information stored on computers about a place is called ____________________.
56. Most maps are made from data collected by a process called ____________________.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term may be used only once.
Some terms may not be used.
mathematical model
physical model
index contour
theory
remote sensing
volume
equator
geologic map
contour lines
law
57. A representation of a process or system that is made up of equations and data is called a(n)
____________________.
58. A system of ideas that explains many related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence is
known as a(n) ____________________.
59. The amount of space something occupies or contains is called ____________________.
60. The imaginary circle halfway between the poles is called the ____________________.
61. Rock units, mineral deposits, and fossil localities can be identified on a(n) ____________________.
62. Equal points of elevation on a topographic map are connected by ____________________.
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. volume
c. temperature
b. mass
d. area
____
____
____
____
63.
64.
65.
66.
a measure of the size of a surface or a region
a measure of how hot or cold something is
a measure of the amount of matter in an object
a measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. longitude
e. remote sensing
b. equator
f. GPS
c. map
g. GIS
d. latitude
____
____
____
____
67.
68.
69.
70.
the distance north or south from the equator
a system of orbiting satellites used to pinpoint a location on Earth
the distance east or west from the prime meridian
a process used to make maps; collects information about an object without touching or seeing the object
____ 71. a computerized system that visually presents information about an area in overlapping layers
____ 72. a representation of the features of a physical body such as Earth
____ 73. a circle halfway between the poles that divides Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. relief
d. contour interval
b. elevation
e. index contour
c. topographic map
f. geologic unit
____
____
____
____
____
____
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
a representation of the surface features of Earth
the height of an object above sea level
the difference in elevation between one contour line and the next
variations in elevation of a land surface
a darker, heavier contour line used to make a map easier to read
a rock of a given type and age range
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. computer
e.
b. meterstick
f.
c. microscope
g.
d. geologic unit
h.
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
latitude
GPS
relief
geologic map
tool for analyzing
tool for seeing
tool for measuring
the distance north or south from the equator
a rock of a given type and age range
a system made of orbiting satellites
the variations in elevations of a land surface
representation that shows features such as rock units and mineral deposits
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. passive remote-sensing system
d. thermometer
b. balance
e. computer
c. spring scale
f. global positioning system
____
____
____
____
____
____
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
a tool that measures force
a tool that measures mass
a tool that measures temperature
a tool that analyzes data
a system of orbiting satellites that send radio signals to Earth
mapmaking process that uses radar to collect data
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. remote sensing
e. relief
b. mass
f. index contour
c. scale
g. elevation
d. contour interval
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
a map feature that shows the relationship between distance on Earth’s surface and distance on the map
a darker, heavier contour line
the height of an object above sea level
a process that is used to collect map data
the difference in elevation between one contour line and the next
variations in elevation of a land surface
a measure of the amount of matter in an object
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. global positioning system
c. computer
b. geographical information system
____ 101. visually presents information about an area
____ 102. quickly analyzes vast amounts of data
____ 103. orbits Earth
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. prime meridian
c. longitude
b. latitude
d. map
____
____
____
____
104.
105.
106.
107.
the distance north or south from the equator
a representation of Earth’s surface
the line that represents 0° longitude
the distance east and west from the prime meridian
Short Answer
108. Give an example of a pattern in nature that led to the development of a scientific theory.
109. Give two examples of technological advancements that have helped mapmakers develop maps faster and
more accurately.
110. Name three features that are found on geologic maps.
111. Name two ways in which global positioning systems are used in daily life.
Use the map to answer the following questions.
112. You are planning to climb to the top of either Barrel Hill or Rocky Point. Both features are 900 feet tall at the
summit. If you only consider the steepness of the climb, which feature would be more difficult to hike?
Explain your answer.
113. How far is it from the summit of Rocky Point to the summit of Barrel Hill? Explain your answer.
114. Name one way that scientists use the global positioning system.
115. What are two things that simple mathematical models allow you to calculate?
116. Why are all models limited?
117. Describe how you would find the volume of a small, irregularly shaped stone using a graduated cylinder.
118. What are three tools you can use to analyze data?
119. How does the addition of a title to a map make it more reliable?
120. Give an example of how remote sensing can be used by the military.
121. How can the layers of maps in a GIS system help city planners?
122. What are three human-made features shown on a topographic map?
123. Why did the Greeks think that Earth was shaped like a sphere?
124. How do index contours let you know if the land you are viewing is increasing or decreasing in elevation?
125. Why do contour lines never cross?
126. What would you expect to find in the elevation of an area indicated with ten evenly spaced contour lines?
127. Why does the equator divide Earth into two hemispheres when the prime meridian does not?
128. List two reference points that can be used to find a location on Earth.
129. What are lines of latitude and lines of longitude?
130. How has remote-sensing technology contributed to the science of mapmaking?
131. Why is it important for a road map to show the date the map was made?
132. What is a contour interval on a topographic map?
133. What do closely spaced contour lines on a topographic map indicate?
Essay
134. A bicyclist is competing in a cross-country race. How can she use a topographic map to improve her chances
of winning?
135. Using what you know about mapmaking terms and concepts, explain the origin of the word hemisphere.
Other
136. Use the following terms to complete the concept map:
microwaves
active remote-sensing system
satellites
passive remote-sensing system
maps
Chapter 2: Tools of Earth Science
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
MSC:
ANS:
ANS:
MSC:
ANS:
ANS:
MSC:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
MSC:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
MSC:
ANS:
MSC:
ANS:
ANS:
MSC:
ANS:
MSC:
ANS:
MSC:
ANS:
ANS:
MSC:
ANS:
ANS:
MSC:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
MSC:
ANS:
C
A
B
C
D
B
SQ.1.6
A
B
SQ.2.2
A
B
SQ.2.4
D
C
C
SQ.2.7
D
C
A
SQ.3.9
B
SQ.3.10
A
B
SQ.4.8
C
SQ.4.9
C
SQ.4.10
B
B
CTA.0.2
B
C
CTA.0.4
C
D
C
B
CTB.0.8
C
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
1
1
1
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
tool
MSC:
force
MSC:
meter | SI
MSC:
computer
MSC:
SI
MSC:
mass | balance
SQ.1.1
SQ.1.2
SQ.1.3
SQ.1.4
SQ.1.5
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: theory
MSC: SQ.2.1
KEY: pattern in nature
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: theory
MSC: SQ.2.3
KEY: mathematical model
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: computer
MSC: SQ.2.5
KEY: law
MSC: SQ.2.6
KEY: physical model
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: model
MSC: SQ.2.8
KEY: legend
MSC: SQ.3.8
KEY: passive remote sensing
PTS: 1
KEY: active remote sensing
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: contour line MSC: SQ.4.7
KEY: contour line | map
PTS: 1
KEY: geologic | map
PTS: 1
KEY: geologic map
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: SI
MSC: CTA.0.1
KEY: supercomputer
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: pattern
MSC: CTA.0.3
KEY: physical model
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
1
1
1
1
PTS: 1
theory
MSC: CTA.0.5
contour line MSC: CTA.0.6
model
MSC: CTB.0.7
magnetic north pole
KEY: meter | SI
MSC: CTB.0.9
31. ANS:
MSC:
32. ANS:
33. ANS:
34. ANS:
MSC:
35. ANS:
36. ANS:
37. ANS:
MSC:
38. ANS:
39. ANS:
40. ANS:
41. ANS:
42. ANS:
43. ANS:
44. ANS:
MSC:
45. ANS:
46. ANS:
MSC:
B
CTB.0.10
B
D
A
CTB.0.13
D
A
D
CTB.0.16
A
B
B
B
D
C
B
CTC.0.11
A
A
NEW
PTS: 1
KEY: contour line | map
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: computer
MSC: CTB.0.11
KEY: area
MSC: CTB.0.12
KEY: mathematical. model
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: theory
MSC: CTB.0.14
KEY: theory
MSC: CTB.0.15
KEY: geologic | map
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
longitude
MSC:
latitude
MSC:
spring scale MSC:
SI
MSC:
balance
MSC:
computer
MSC:
contour line | map
CTB.0.24
CTB.0.25
CTC.0.7
CTC.0.8
CTC.0.9
CTC.0.10
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: graph
MSC: NEW
KEY: prime meridian
PTS: 1
48. ANS: area
KEY: meter
MSC: CTA.0.15
PTS: 1
49. ANS: volume
KEY: area
MSC: CTA.0.16
PTS: 1
50. ANS: mass
KEY: volume
MSC: CTA.0.17
PTS: 1
51. ANS: law
KEY: mass
MSC: CTA.0.18
PTS: 1
52. ANS: theory
KEY: law
MSC: CTA.0.19
COMPLETION
47. ANS: meter
PTS: 1
KEY: theory
53. ANS: magnetic north pole
MSC: CTA.0.20
PTS: 1
KEY: magnetic north pole
54. ANS: prime meridian
PTS: 1
KEY: prime meridian
MSC: CTA.0.21
MSC: CTA.0.22
55. ANS: GIS
PTS: 1
KEY: GIS
56. ANS: remote sensing
MSC: CTA.0.23
PTS: 1
KEY: remote sensing
57. ANS: mathematical model
MSC: CTA.0.24
PTS: 1
58. ANS: theory
KEY: mathematical model
MSC: CTC.0.1
PTS: 1
59. ANS: volume
KEY: theory
MSC: CTC.0.2
PTS: 1
60. ANS: equator
KEY: volume
MSC: CTC.0.3
PTS: 1
KEY: equator
61. ANS: geologic map
MSC: CTC.0.4
PTS: 1
KEY: geologic map
62. ANS: contour lines
PTS: 1
MSC: CTC.0.5
KEY: contour line
MSC: CTC.0.6
D
C
B
A
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
1
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
area
temperature
mass
volume
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
MSC:
71. ANS:
72. ANS:
73. ANS:
D
F
A
E
SQ.3.4
G
C
B
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
1
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
latitude
MSC: SQ.3.1
GPS
MSC: SQ.3.2
longitude
MSC: SQ.3.3
remote sensing
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: GIS
KEY: map
KEY: equator
74. ANS:
MSC:
75. ANS:
76. ANS:
MSC:
77. ANS:
78. ANS:
C
SQ.4.1
B
D
SQ.4.3
A
E
PTS: 1
KEY: topographic map
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: elevation
MSC: SQ.4.2
KEY: contour interval
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: relief
MSC: SQ.4.4
KEY: index contour
MATCHING
63.
64.
65.
66.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
67.
68.
69.
70.
MSC:
MSC:
MSC:
MSC:
SQ.1.7
SQ.1.8
SQ.1.9
SQ.1.10
MSC: SQ.3.5
MSC: SQ.3.6
MSC: SQ.3.7
MSC: SQ.4.5
79. ANS: F
PTS: 1
KEY: geologic unit MSC: SQ.4.6
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
A
C
B
E
D
F
G
H
CTA.0.14
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
KEY:
C
CTB.0.1
B
CTB.0.2
D
CTB.0.3
E
CTB.0.4
F
A
CTB.0.6
PTS: 1
KEY: spring scale | force
PTS: 1
KEY: balance | mass
PTS: 1
KEY: thermometer | temperature
PTS: 1
KEY: computer | data
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: GPS
MSC: CTB.0.5
KEY: passive-remote sensing system
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: scale
MSC: CTB.0.17
KEY: index contour
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: elevation
MSC: CTB.0.19
KEY: remote sensing
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
MSC:
88. ANS:
MSC:
89. ANS:
MSC:
90. ANS:
MSC:
91. ANS:
MSC:
92. ANS:
93. ANS:
MSC:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
computer
microscope
meterstick
latitude
geologic unit
GPS
relief
geologic map
MSC:
MSC:
MSC:
MSC:
MSC:
MSC:
MSC:
CTA.0.7
CTA.0.8
CTA.0.9
CTA.0.10
CTA.0.11
CTA.0.12
CTA.0.13
94. ANS: C
95. ANS: F
MSC: CTB.0.18
96. ANS: G
97. ANS: A
MSC: CTB.0.20
98. ANS: D
MSC: CTB.0.21
99. ANS: E
100. ANS: B
PTS: 1
KEY: contour interval
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: relief
KEY: mass
MSC: CTB.0.22
MSC: CTB.0.23
101. ANS: B
102. ANS: C
103. ANS: A
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: GIS
KEY: computer
KEY: GPS
MSC: NEW
MSC: NEW
MSC: NEW
104. ANS: B
105. ANS: D
106. ANS: A
MSC: NEW
107. ANS: C
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
KEY: latitude
MSC: NEW
KEY: map
MSC: NEW
KEY: prime meridian
PTS: 1
KEY: longitude
SHORT ANSWER
MSC: NEW
108. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: Scientists’ observations about how planets move across the sky led to the
theory of a sun-centered solar system
PTS: 1
KEY: scientific theory | pattern in nature MSC: CTC.0.12
109. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: geographic information systems, remote sensing
PTS: 1
KEY: map
MSC: CTC.0.13
110. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: geologic units, contacts, faults
PTS: 1
KEY: geologic, map
MSC: CTC.0.14
111. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: navigation by boat and airline pilots, mapping and environmental
planning by businesses and state agencies
PTS: 1
KEY: GPS
MSC: CTC.0.15
112. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: Rocky Point would be more difficult to hike. The contour lines are closer
together, which indicates that it steeper than Barrel Hill.
PTS: 1
KEY: contour line MSC: CTC.0.18
113. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: The scale indicates that 1 inch equals 5 miles. Because the summits are 4
inches apart on the map, the summits are 20 miles apart.
PTS: 1
KEY: scale
114. ANS:
Answer: gathering data to make maps
MSC: CTC.0.19
PTS: 1
KEY: GPS
MSC: NEW
115. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: how far a car will travel in an hour, or how much you would weigh on
the moon
PTS: 1
KEY: mathematical model
MSC: NEW
116. ANS:
because they are simplified versions of the systems that they attempt to explain
PTS: 1
KEY: model
MSC: NEW
117. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: Put some water in the graduated cylinder. Record the water volume. Add
the rock and record the new volume. Subtract the old volume from the new. The difference is the volume of
the stone.
PTS: 1
KEY: volume | graduated cylinder
MSC: NEW
118. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: calculator, computer, pencil, and graph paper
PTS: 1
KEY: tool | analyze data
MSC: NEW
119. ANS:
The person reading the map would be clear where the mapped area was located. For example, if the map
showed the city of Aurora but did not have a title saying “Aurora, CO Map,” the reader might think it was a
different Aurora, such as Aurora, IL.
PTS: 1
KEY: title | map
MSC: NEW
120. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: When the military is trying to find information about a location outside of
their own country, remote sensing would allow information to be gathered where it may be dangerous for
people to travel.
PTS: 1
KEY: remote sensing
MSC: NEW
121. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: Planners can compare road access and utility access to undeveloped land
to see what services would be available if homes or businesses were built.
PTS: 1
KEY: GIS
MSC: NEW
122. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: cities, buildings, roads, bridges, railroads
PTS: 1
KEY: topographic map
MSC: NEW
123. ANS:
They saw ships sink into the ocean as they sailed away, so they knew Earth was a sphere.
PTS: 1
KEY: sphere | Earth
MSC: NEW
124. ANS:
Index contours are labeled with elevation. By comparing the labels of two index contour lines, you can see if
the value of the elevation is increasing or decreasing.
PTS: 1
KEY: index contour
MSC: NEW
125. ANS:
Each contour line represents a different elevation. If two contour lines crossed, that would mean that the two
lines have the same elevation at that point. This contradicts that each line is a different elevation.
PTS: 1
KEY: contour line MSC: NEW
126. ANS:
The elevation in this area increases or decreases at a steady rate.
PTS: 1
KEY: contour
MSC: NEW
127. ANS:
The equator is an imaginary circle that cuts the Earth into two equal halves. The prime meridian is not a
circle; it is a half circle running from the North Pole to the South Pole. It joins with the 180° meridian on the
opposite side of the Earth to divide it in half.
PTS: 1
KEY: equator | prime meridian
128. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: North Pole and South Pole
PTS: 1
KEY: reference point
MSC: NEW
MSC: NEW
129. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: Lines of latitude are imaginary lines around Earth parallel to the equator.
They are used to measure a location’s distance north or south of the equator. Lines of longitude are imaginary
lines that run between Earth’s geographic poles, and they are used to measure a location’s distance east or
west of the prime meridian.
PTS: 1
KEY: latitude | longitude
MSC: NEW
130. ANS:
Remote sensing has allowed people to view Earth’s surface from above, which enables mapmakers to make
more accurate maps.
PTS: 1
KEY: remote sensing
MSC: NEW
131. ANS:
The date allows the user to determine if the map is accurate because the location and names of streets and
roads may change over time.
PTS: 1
KEY: map
MSC: NEW
132. ANS:
the difference in elevation between one contour line and the next
PTS: 1
133. ANS:
a steep area
PTS: 1
KEY: contour interval
KEY: contour line
MSC: NEW
MSC: NEW
ESSAY
134. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: A topographic map would show surface features such as elevation and
relief. The bicyclist could study the map’s contour intervals and index contours to better anticipate the
course’s more difficult slopes.
PTS: 1
KEY: topographic map
MSC: CTC.0.16
135. ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample answer: The word “hemisphere” is made of the root “hemi,” which means half,
and the word “sphere.” Earth is divided by the equator into half-spheres—the Northern and Southern
Hemispheres.
PTS: 1
KEY: hemisphere
MSC: CTC.0.17
OTHER
136. ANS:
a. passive remote-sensing system, b. active remote-sensing system, c. satellites,
d. microwaves, e. maps
PTS: 1
KEY: remote sensing
MSC: CTC.0.20