SASKATCHEWAN PULSE CROPS
Seeding and Variety Guide
2016
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Pulse Crops Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02
Calculating Seed Rates for Pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04
Safe Rates of Seed Placed Fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Seed and Seedling Diseases Found on Seed, and Actions to Minimize Impact . . . . . . . . . 05
Suitability for Areas of Saskatchewan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
Regional Variety Trials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08
What to Consider When Selecting New Varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08
Understanding Maturity in Pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09
Disease Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Nitrogen Fixation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Pea Variety Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Lentil Variety Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Chickpea Variety Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Faba Bean Variety Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Dry Bean Variety Update. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Soybean Variety Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
PULSE
CROPS
CHARACTERISTICS
Choosing the right pulse crop for your area and appropriate seeding dates
When choosing the right pulse crop for your area, consider the soil and climatic zone where the crop will be planted, and local growing conditions.
Use suitability maps as a guide, such as Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation maps and varietal information.
Field Peas
Field peas can be grown across Saskatchewan, but
do not like excess moisture or salt-affected soils.
Choose fields that drain well. Peas and lentils are more
susceptible to Aphanomyces root rot compared to faba
beans and chickpeas.
Lentils
Lentils are better adapted to the southern and west
central part of the province in the Brown and Dark Brown
soil zones. The introduction of new market classes and
breeding of more determinate varieties (red and small
green), has extended lentil production into the Thin
Black and Black soil zones. In the moist Black and Grey
soil zones, it is often too wet for consistent production of
high quality lentils. Excess moisture aggravates disease
problems and greatly delays maturity.
Chickpeas
Soil Zones in Southern Saskatchewan
Brown
Dark Brown
Black
Dark Grey
Source: Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture
02
Grey
Chickpeas are best adapted to Brown and Dark Brown
soil zones in Saskatchewan. They are not well adapted
to saline soils, high moisture areas, soils with high clay
content, or soils that are slow to warm in the spring.
Chickpeas grow best on well-drained soils and with
about 15 to 25 centimetres of seasonal rainfall. The
long growing season and indeterminate growth habit of
Kabuli-type chickpeas limits production in other areas
of the province. Desi chickpea varieties have a shorter
growing season and mature earlier than Kabuli varieties,
and can be extended into the moist Dark Brown soil
zones if grown on stubble or lighter textured soils.
Chickpeas are deep rooted and can access water from a
greater depth than other pulse crops. Disease resistance,
specifically to ascochyta blight, is an important factor in
variety selection.
Faba Beans
Faba beans do best on medium textured soils that are
well drained, but able to maintain soil moisture. They are
best adapted to the Black soil zones and the northern
portions of the Dark Brown soil zones of Saskatchewan.
Faba bean responds well to irrigation and can tolerate
flooding more than peas, lentils, or chickpeas. The crop is
highly resistant to lodging, can provide stubble over the
winter months, and can provide more reliable production
than field peas in regions that are too moist for peas.
Dry Bean
Dry bean production in Saskatchewan occurs primarily
in irrigated areas near Lake Diefenbaker. Beans are best
suited to medium-textured loams in regions that are not
prone to late-spring or early-fall frosts. Because the crop
has no frost tolerance, areas that are prone to spring
frost should be avoided. Beans require warm, moist
soil conditions for germination and emergence, and are
very sensitive to salinity, soil structure problems, and
saturated soils. Choose level fields with good drainage
and low levels of soil salinity.
Soybean
Soybeans are grown mainly in the Dark Brown and Black
soil zones in southeastern Saskatchewan on mediumtextured loam soils. They can be grown on clay soils
under favourable conditions for emergence. Soybeans do
not perform well under dry conditions so sandy soils are
not ideal. Moisture during pod set in August is important
for maximizing yield. Soybeans are susceptible to spring
frost and require warm moist soils for quick germination
and emergence.
Temperature Requirements for Seeding for Various Pulses
CROP
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM
AVERAGE SOIL TEMPERATURE
AT SEEDING DEPTH (°C)
ESTIMATED SEEDING DATES
FOR SASKATCHEWAN
RECOMMENDED SEEDING
DEPTH IN CM (INCHES)
Peas
5°
Mid-April to Mid-May
3–8 cm (1.2–3.2")
Lentils
5°
Mid-April to May
2.5–7.5 cm (1–3”)
Chickpeas
7° (Desi)
10° (Kabuli)
Prior to May 25
3.5–6 cm (1.5–2.5")
Faba Beans
3°–5°
Mid-April to Mid-May or as early
as can get on the field
5.1–7.6 cm (2–3")
Dry Beans
12°
May 25 to June 5
5–6 cm (2–2.5”)
Soybean
10°
May 10 to May 25
1.9–3.8 cm (0.75–1.5")
Source: Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture
Spring Frost Tolerance
Lentils, peas, and faba beans have growing points below the soil surface during early stages of growth which means
the plants can recover from frosts that damage the aboveground portion of the plants. With regrowth, expect delays
in crop staging and maturity, and avoid herbicide applications until plants have had a chance to regrow. Lentil and
pea seedlings have survived temperatures of -4°C to -6°C. Dry beans and soybeans have main growing points
aboveground and can be severely damaged or killed by spring frosts. Chickpea does have growing points below soil
surface during early growth similar to pea and lentil. However, chickpea requires warmer soil which means seeding
dates are later than pea and lentil which reduces the risk of spring frosts.
Saskatchewan Pulse Crop Seeding and Variety Guide 2016
03
CALCULATING SEED RATES FOR PULSES
Plant populations set the stage for the yield potential of a crop. Research has shown that each crop has an optimum plant density that producers
should target when seeding their crop. Rates can be adjusted higher or lower depending on the conditions in the field, date of seeding, weed
pressure, seed placed fertilizer, and other pressures that may affect emergence or plant stand.
In order to calculate your seeding rate, you must
know the seed size and germination rate. Pulses vary
tremendously in seed size and not knowing your
thousand kernel weights (TKW) could mean seeding too
heavy and spending more on seed than you need to, or
seeding too light and limiting yield potential. Both TKW
and germination rate can be obtained with a seed test or
measured at home. Emergence rates are more difficult
to estimate as it depends not only on germination but
also on environmental factors and other factors that can
affect establishment such as damage during handling.
For pulses, the emergence rates are typically 5–15 per
cent lower than the germination rates.
The following formula will assist you in determining the target seeding rate for pulse crops:
Seeding rate kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) =
% field emergence or survival (in whole number, i.e. 85)
To convert to pounds per acre (lbs/ac) multiply the seeding rate (in kg/ha) by 0.89.
Target Plant Populations for Pulse Crops
CROP
TARGET PLANT POPULATION PER SQUARE METRE
TARGET PLANT POPULATION PER SQUARE FOOT
Peas
75 to 85
7 to 9
Lentils
130
12
Chickpeas
33 to 44
3 to 4
Faba Beans
45
4
Dry Beans
33 to 44 (dryland)
25 to 30 (irrigated)
3 to 4 (dryland)
2.3 to 2.8 (irrigated)
Soybeans
44 to 57
4 to 5
Source: Saskatchewan Pulse Growers
04
(target population per square metre x TKW in grams)
SAFE RATES OF SEED-PLACED FERTILIZER
Pulses should be able to obtain the majority of the nitrogen they need from nitrogen fixation, so large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer are not
required. They are also good scavengers of soil phosphorus. However, pulses do require phosphorus for proper growth, yield potential, and
maturity, and application of phosphorus fertilizer may be recommended. Application of phosphorus at seeding time is a great way to manage
phosphorus fertility but some pulses are more sensitive to seed placement of phosphorus fertilizer.
Dr. Jeff Schoenau at the University of Saskatchewan has
identified safe levels of fertilizer that can be seed-placed
with pulses in narrow row systems with 15 per cent
seedbed utilization (calculate seedbed utilization by
dividing width of seed spread from the opener by row
spacing). Peas are most sensitive with 15 pounds per
acre (lbs/ac) of phosphate (P205) being the maximum
that can be put in the seed row before you might end up
with significant reduction in emergence. Some starter
phosphorus (P) in the seed row below these limits is
fine. Chickpea, lentil, and soybean are somewhat more
tolerant and can take up to 20 lbs/ac of P205 seed
placed under good moisture conditions. Faba bean is the
most tolerant of seed-placed P, with a maximum safe
seed‑placed rate of 40 lbs/ac of P2O5. For potassium
(K2O), use the P2O5 guidelines, making sure the total
amount of K2O plus P2O5 does not exceed the minimum
safe rate for seed placement. For more information on
seed placed fertilizer, see Guidelines for Safe Rates of
Fertilizer Placed with the Seed from the Saskatchewan
Ministry of Agriculture.
SEED AND SEEDLING DISEASES FOUND ON SEED,
AND ACTIONS TO MINIMIZE IMPACT
CROP
DISEASE/PATHOGEN
RISK FACTOR(S)
ACTION IF OVER THRESHOLD
Field Peas
Lentils
Root rot: Aphanomyces euteiches
Soil-borne only
Consider seed treatment if disease history
Field Peas
Ascochyta complex
10% on seed
Use seed treatment
5% on seed
Use seed treatment
10% on seed
Do not use seed
Ascochyta lentis
Lentils
Chickpeas
Faba Beans
Soybeans
Field Peas
Chickpeas
Lentils
Stemphylium blight
May be detected on seed tests
Unknown
Anthracnose
May be detected on seed tests
Not considered high risk of seed-to-seedling transmission
Ascochyta rabiei
0.3% on seed
Do not use seed
Unknown
Consider seed treatment if disease history
Unknown
Consider seed treatment if disease history
Seed rot/seedling blight (pathogens unspecified)
Unknown
Consider seed treatment if disease history
Seed rot/damping off: Botrytis + Fusarium
10% on seed
Use seed treatment
Soil-borne only
Consider seed treatment if disease history and/or will be
seeding under cool, moist soil conditions
Anthracnose
Seed rot/damping off: Fusarium, Pythium, Rhizoctonia
Seed rot/damping off: Fusarium, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Phomopsis, Phytophthora
Sclerotinia
Seed rot/damping off: Rhizoctonia, Botrytis, Fusarium, Pythium
Source: Guideline for Seed-Borne Diseases of Pulse Crops, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture
Saskatchewan Pulse Crop Seeding and Variety Guide 2016
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SUITABILITY FOR AREAS OF SASKATCHEWAN
Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation (SCIC) offers insurance for all pulse crops. Maps below outline areas of the province where coverage
for certain crops is available. Risk zones may differ in coverage levels so please check with your local SCIC office.
Chickpea Insurable Area
Risk Zone 1
Risk Zone 2
Risk Zone 3
Source: Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation
06
Dryland Dry Bean Insurable Area
Dryland Dry Bean
Source: Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation
Dryland Faba Bean Insurable Area
Dryland Faba Bean
Source: Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation
Soybean Insurable Area
Soybean Zone 1
Soybean Zone 2
Source: Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation
Saskatchewan Pulse Crop Seeding and Variety Guide 2016
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REGIONAL VARIETY TRIALS
Saskatchewan Pulse Growers and the University of Saskatchewan’s Crop Development Centre (CDC) conduct the Pulse Regional Variety Trials
in Saskatchewan.
The CDC collaborates with researchers at several
locations, including Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
research stations, provincial Agriculture-Applied
Research Management sites, and the CanadaSaskatchewan Irrigation Diversification Centre, in
order to conduct the trials. The project collects data on
varieties from the CDC program, as well as those arising
from other public or private pulse breeding programs.
Regional Variety Trials in 2015 included 14 pea, 11
lentil, eight dry bean, five chickpea, five white flowered
faba bean, and four coloured faba bean sites across
Saskatchewan covering the Brown, Dark Brown, Thin
Black, and Thick Black soil zones. The soybean regional
trials are coordinated by Manitoba Agriculture, Food
and Rural Development and occurred at 12 sites across
Saskatchewan in 2015.
Plant Breeders’ Rights
Plant Breeders’ Rights (PBR) are intended to encourage
investment in development and promotion of new,
improved, and innovative plant varieties for the benefit
of growers. Protection of intellectual property rights is
important for organizations that are investing in variety
development so that they are able to keep reasonable
control of the varieties and secure fair compensation
for their efforts. Varieties previously protected by PBR
remain under the previous rules. Varieties protected
since February 27, 2015 will be protected under the new
PBR Act and will carry the PBR 91 symbol.
The new PBR Act aligns with the UPOV 1991 convention.
It extends the right of the breeder to further protect
their variety as well as ensuring breeders receive
compensation from the use of their technology.
With the new PBR Act, the seller and the buyer can
both be liable if the seed sale is not approved. The new
PBR Act also takes into account the interest of growers.
Growers will be able to produce PBR protected varieties
for use on their own farm if the original seed was
obtained legitimately. Purchasing certified seed is a good
way to ensure compliance. Proper documentation, such
as retaining the blue seed tags, will be important.
For more information, visit pbrfacts.ca.
WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN SELECTING NEW VARIETIES
There are various factors to consider when selecting a new variety and it all depends on what your main priority is.
Some factors to consider include:
• Market – Identify your target market and make sure
the variety selected matches the specifications and
quality expected by your buyers, such as seed size,
colour, functionality, and other attributes.
• Herbicide tolerance – Consider the weeds or
volunteers that may be present in the field to
determine if herbicide tolerant options are a
good choice.
• Maturity – Identify realistic expectations on maturity
needed to achieve optimum yield and quality in
your region.
• Seed size – If seed size does not affect the market
choice, then consider the seeding costs of the variety.
Smaller seeded varieties are usually cheaper to seed
and have fewer production issues with plugging
seeding equipment and other operations. Faba
beans are a good example where seed size may be
more important.
• Disease resistance – Select varieties with better
resistance for high risk areas or fields. Resistance is a
tool that helps with disease management, but may or
may not reduce the reliance on fungicide application.
08
• Crop growth habit and other physiological factors
– Factors such as growth habit (determinate or
indeterminate), plant height, standability, harvest
management, and quality parametres such as
resistance to seed coat breakage, bleaching, or others
are important.
• Yield – This is often the highest priority as it directly
relates to the ultimate goal of net returns. In some
cases, the advantages and higher performance of new
varieties may not necessarily translate into higher
yields, due to environment or management practices.
If all other factors have been considered, then use
yield potential as the deciding factor.
UNDERSTANDING MATURITY IN PULSES
Days to Maturity
Maturity is affected by growing conditions and is only a
guide developed under average conditions. It provides
a relative comparison for crops and varieties that are
grown under similar conditions and planted at the same
time. As maturity is delayed into the fall, differences in
maturity can be heightened as the days are shorter and
temperatures cooler. Under warm, dry years maturity
can be shortened and under cool, wet years expect
longer maturity.
Understanding Soybean Maturity Ratings
Soybean maturity ratings are based on three approaches:
corn heat units, maturity groupings, and days to
maturity. Corn heat units (CHU) are a measure of the
heat accumulated over the growing season specific
to the physiological needs of a corn plant. The rate
of growth of the plant increases with increasing
temperatures. CHU accumulation begins on May 15
and ends on the date of the first fall killing frost with
temperatures below -3°C. The CHU calculation assumes
that no growth occurs when night temperatures are
below 4.4°C or day temperatures below 10°C. The
calculation also assumes that maximum growth occurs
at 30°C and decreases with higher temperatures
(Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, 2012).
The CHU accumulation for an area can be determined by
referring to the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture’s
Saskatchewan Accumulated Corn Heat Unit Maps for
silage and grain production. CHU ratings are assigned
by companies and are designed to assist growers in
selecting suitable varieties. However, CHU ratings do not
always reflect the actual maturity in Saskatchewan, and
companies are now also providing an additional maturity
rating, based on a United States-based maturity group
rating system.
The maturity group (MG) rating system classifies
soybean varieties MG from 000 in northern areas to IX
in southern areas of North America, based on latitude
ranges and photoperiod sensitivity. Each maturity
group region covers one or two degrees of latitude, or
about 200 to 300 kilometres from north to south. For
Saskatchewan, soybeans are most suited with 00 and
000 MG. Each MG can have subgroupings with a 0 to 9
decimal number following the group (or zone) number
and these decimal places equate to slight increases in
maturity. In the 00 maturity ratings, a subgroup of 00.1
would be earlier maturing than 00.9. Note that these
maturity group ratings are not entirely standardized
between companies. Check with your seed supplier to
better understand maturity group ratings.
Days to maturity is a direct measure of the days each
variety takes to reach physiological maturity and is
averaged across locations. The lower the number the
earlier maturing the variety was across the sites tested.
This value is obtained through the Regional Variety
Testing program and is an independent rating.
Growers are advised to use all maturity ratings available
to choose appropriate varieties for their area.
Average Days from Seeding to Swathing Ripeness
Peas
Medium (M) = 90 days
Add three to four days for each rating beyond medium
Lentils
Early (E) = 100 days
Very Late (VL) = 110 days based on May 1 seeding
Chickpeas
Kabuli 110–120 days
Desi 110 days
Faba Beans
104–107 days
Dry Beans
E = 100 days
Late (L) = 110 days based on May 20 seeding
Soybeans
118 to 128 days
Source: Saskatchewan Variety of Grain Crops 2016, Saskatchewan Advisory Council on Grain Crops
Saskatchewan Pulse Crop Seeding and Variety Guide 2016
09
DISEASE
RESISTANCE
Understanding the ratings and how to use them for selecting varieties
Disease resistance is an important trait to consider when selecting varieties. Ratings may be obtained from greenhouse or field evaluations and
are based on a five-point scale that is used for registration trials: Susceptible (S), Moderately susceptible (MS), Intermediate (I), Moderately
Resistant (MR), and Resistant (R).
These ratings are now applied across all crops and
replace the old ratings of very poor, poor, fair, good,
and very good. The ratings are relative as each new
variety is compared to existing varieties and ratings for
the new variety are based on whether they show lower
or high incidence of disease as compared to the existing
varieties. Disease pathogens can overcome resistance
and variety selection should be combined with
agronomic and integrated pest management practices
to preserve effectiveness. Rotation of crops and varieties
are examples of good management strategies.
With diseases, environmental conditions can impact
severity. Varieties rated as intermediate (I) can show
disease symptoms under favourable conditions, however
a variety rated as susceptible (S) would have much more
disease under the same conditions. Some diseases are
very aggressive and plant resistance to the disease can
change over time.
Root Rots: Aphanomyces
Root rots can include a complex of pathogens such
as Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, or Pythium spp.
and more recently Aphanomyces euteiches. There
is no indication of differences in susceptibility
10
between varieties or pulse crops for most of the root
rot pathogens with the exception of Aphanomyces.
Current pea and lentil varieties are all susceptible to
Aphanomyces root rot. Faba bean and chickpea varieties
have partial resistance to this devastating disease and
should be considered for fields where Aphanomyces
has been identified as long as the crop is suited for that
region. Soybeans are also a nitrogen fixing crop that
has resistance to Aphanomyces. However, soybeans are
susceptible to Phytopthora root rot which is a disease
that has not been much of an issue in Saskatchewan, but
is on the radar as soybean acres increase.
Ascochyta Blight Management in
Chickpea
Growers are strongly advised that an initial fungicide
application is needed for all chickpea cultivars at the
seedling to pre-flowering stage in order to limit early
ascochyta spore development and spread. Growers are
required to monitor their fields diligently for disease and
spray if necessary. Within the Crop Development Centre
chickpea breeding program, disease has been managed
with a maximum of two fungicide applications in all of
their nurseries.
Timing for the first spray is very critical, routinely
recommended at the 7-10 node stage. It is recommended
that chickpea is planted on lighter soil, so avoid heavy
clay soil that retains moisture, and avoid lower lying
or poorly drained fields. It is also recommended that
chickpea is planted on stubble, especially in wet years.
Seed Treatments
Seed treatments are registered for use with pulses
and should be considered if seeding early into cool,
wet soils or when the seedborne disease levels are
over the threshold. The degree of disease control with
seed treatments depends on five factors: 1) fungicide
active ingredients, 2) rate of application, 3) seed- and
soil-borne fungal diseases present, 4) environmental
conditions, and 5) quality of seed coverage. Check
individual product labels for specifics. Adequate
coverage is important to ensure each seed is protected
and the seeds are completely covered (especially
important with contact type seed treatments).
NITROGEN FIXATION
Inoculation
Inoculants contain the nitrogen fixing rhizobium species necessary to ensure nodulation and nitrogen fixation.
Rhizobium species are specific to each pulse crop as outlined in the table. Pea, lentil and faba bean inoculants contain
the same rhizobium species but the individual strain of that species (similar to varieties of crops) may be more
effective on one crop or another. Check with the manufacturer if considering using an inoculant on a crop that is not on
the label.
Rhizobium Species Required for Effective Nodulation Pulse Crops
CROP
RHIZOBIUM SPECIES REQUIRED FOR EFFECTIVE NODULATION
Peas, Lentils, Faba Beans
Rhizobium leguminosarum
Chickpeas
Rhizobium ciceri
Dry Beans
Rhizobium phaseoli
Soybeans
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Source: Inoculation of Pulse Crops, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture
Pulse crops differ in their ability to fix nitrogen and can be ranked accordingly: Faba bean > pea > chickpea > lentil >
soybean > dry bean. Nitrogen fixation is the process by which rhizobia take nitrogen gas from the air within the soil
pores and convert it to ammonium (NH4), which is available for use by plants. Although nitrogen fixation is usually
sufficient to meet crop needs, soils that are very low in nitrogen, less than 15 pounds per acre (lbs/ac) in the top 12
inches, may benefit from 10 to 20 lbs/ac of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. As a rule of thumb, if soil tests indicate more than
20 lbs/ac of nitrate nitrogen, then no additional N is needed with most pulse crops. However, dry bean is a relatively
poor nodulator and benefits from higher applications (50 lbs/ac) of starter nitrogen.
Inoculants are products that contain living organisms and should be handled accordingly. Avoid exposure to direct
sunlight, heat, or repeated freeze-thaw conditions. Consider application method when using in combination with
seed treatments as fungicides can impact rhizobia survival. For best results, apply seed treatments first, allow the
seed to dry, then apply the inoculant if using seed applied products (sequential application). Read inoculant and seed
treatment labels for more information on seed compatability.
Inoculant formulations consists of seed applied technologies such as liquids, peat, and powders, as well as granular
formulations. Single inoculant applications are effective for peas, lentils, chickpeas, and faba beans. For soybeans, it
is recommended to use dual inoculants such as a seed applied product in combination with granular formulation on
land where soybeans are being grown for the first time. Dual inoculation on other pulses has not identified any benefits
to date.
Saskatchewan Pulse Crop Seeding and Variety Guide 2016
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PEA VARIETY UPDATE
Yellow peas are the most widely grown peas in Saskatchewan followed by green peas and then specialty types such as dun, maple, marrowfat,
and forage peas. Most varieties have white flowers and are suitable for human consumption or livestock feed markets. Nearly all varieties are
semi-leafless leaf type with tendrils instead of leaflets which help provide better standability.
Yellow Peas
Dun Peas
Marrowfat Peas
CDC Meadow has been the most widely grown field pea
cultivar in Saskatchewan since 2012 with CDC Golden in
second place, according to data from the Saskatchewan
Crop Insurance Corporation (SCIC). Newer varieties are
gaining ground as growers take advantage of improved
genetics including CDC Saffron and CDC Amarillo. AAC
Ardill is a new variety with high yield potential. Seed of
AAC Ardill may be limited in 2016. CDC Inca is the next
step in improved yields but seed will not be available
until at least 2017 or 2018.
CDC Dakota is the top yielder. Dun peas have purple
flowers, pigmented seed coats, and yellow cotyledons.
They are dehulled and sold in human consumption
markets similar to yellow pea varieties. The pigmented
seed coats provide natural protection to various root
rot fungi, so typically dun (and maple) pea varieties are
quick to emerge with good stands.
Marrowfat types are blocky, very large-seeded green
cotyledon peas used in specialty snack food markets
in Asia. They have white flowers and non-pigmented
seed coats.
Green Peas
CDC Striker was the most widely grown green pea
variety in Saskatchewan for the past eight years.
The next most widely grown green pea varieties in
Saskatchewan in 2015 were CDC Patrick, CDC Raezer,
CDC Sage, and CDC Limerick based on SCIC data. CDC
Tetris is a newer green variety that has blocky seed
shape suitable for specialty markets. CDC Greenwater
is the latest green variety with exceptionally high yield
potential but seed supply will be limited for 2016.
12
Maple Peas
Maple pea varieties available in Western Canada include
CDC Acer, CDC Rocket, and CDC Mosaic. CDC Acer
and CDC Mosaic have small seed size, with CDC Mosaic
having better lodging resistance. CDC Rocket has
medium seed size and earlier maturity than CDC Acer
and CDC Mosaic. CDC Blazer is the newest maple pea
variety with high yield potential and a lighter seed coat.
Seed for CDC Blazer will not be available for a few years.
Forage Peas
CDC Tucker, CDC Leroy, and CDC Horizon are forage
pea varieties with high biomass yield, powdery mildew
resistance, good lodging resistance, and semi-leafless
leaf type. These varieties produce on average four to
five tonnes per acre of forage dry matter, similar to that
of forage barley, but with greater protein concentration.
Certified seed of all varieties is available.
Red Peas
A new class of red cotyledon peas has emerged and
markets are being developed. Redbat 8 is the current
variety available. Red peas are grown exclusively under
contract with ILTA Grain Inc. through Saskatchewan
Pulse Growers’ Tender Release Program.
Long-Term Pea Averages for Saskatchewan 2016
Main Characteristics of Varieties
YIELD AS % CDC GOLDEN
MARKET
CLASS
VARIETY
Yellow
CDC Golden
RESISTANCE TO:
YEARS
TESTED1
1, 2 &
SOUTH 3
NORTH
3&4
IRRIGATION
LEAF
TYPE2
RELATIVE
MATURITY
LODGING
(1–9)3
VINE LENGTH
(CM)
MYCOSPHAERELLA BLIGHT4
POWDERY
MILDEW
FUSARIUM
WILT
SEED COAT
BREAKAGE
SEED COAT
DIMPLING5
GREENNESS6
SEED WEIGHT
G/1000
13
100
100
100
SL
M
4.5
75
5.0
R
I
G
G
G
230
Abarth
5
103
115
SL
M
3.5
75
5.0
R
I
F
G
G
280
DS Admiral
6
86
100
89
SL
E
4.5
80
5.0
R
I
G
G
G
240
Agassiz
11
107
116
112
SL
M
4.5
85
5.0
R
I
G
F
G
230
CDC Amarillo
7
110
125
112
SL
M
3.5
85
4.5
R
MR
F
F
G
230
Argus
5
100
109
107
SL
M
4.0
80
5.5
R
I
F
F
G
230
AAC Ardill
5
113
120
97
SL
M
3.5
85
4.5
R
MR
G
G
G
230
CDC Bronco
8
101
101
96
SL
M
4.5
75
4.5
R
I
G
G
G
230
CDC Centennial
5
99
110
110
SL
E
5.5
70
5.0
R
I
G
G
F
270
Cutlass
11
94
99
93
SL
M
5.0
75
5.0
R
I
F
F
G
220
Delta
4
86
89
–
SL
E
5.5
70
5.5
S
–
G
–
–
250
Earlystar
5
101
114
SL
E
5.0
80
5.0
R
I
F
G
G
210
Eclipse
11
90
96
95
SL
M
4.0
80
5.0
R
MS
G
F
G
250
CDC Hornet
8
100
105
101
SL
M
4.0
85
4.5
R
I
F
G
G
220
SL
M
4.0
85
4.5
R
I
G
G
F
230
SL
M
3.5
85
5.0
R
I
F
F
F
250
CDC Inca
5
117
125
AAC Lacombe
4
111
127
CDC Meadow
13
100
110
101
SL
E
4.0
85
5.0
R
I
G
G
G
220
CDC Mozart
7
96
99
101
SL
M
5.5
70
4.5
R
I
G
G
F
220
Polstead
8
94
103
101
SL
M
5.0
75
5.0
R
MS
F
G
F
280
CDC Prosper
8
92
99
82
SL
E
4.5
80
5.0
R
MR
G
F
G
150
Reward
5
90
105
101
SL
M
4.0
90
5.0
R
I
G
G
F
240
CDC Saffron
8
106
114
101
SL
M
4.0
80
4.5
R
I
G
F
G
250
Thunderbird
6
98
104
101
SL
M
4.0
85
5.0
R
I
G
G
F
220
CDC Treasure
9
97
109
104
SL
E
4.0
80
5.0
R
I
F
F
G
210
Continued on next page.
Saskatchewan Pulse Crop Seeding and Variety Guide 2016
13
YIELD AS % CDC GOLDEN
RESISTANCE TO:
MARKET
CLASS
VARIETY
YEARS
TESTED1
1, 2 &
SOUTH 3
NORTH
3&4
IRRIGATION
LEAF
TYPE2
RELATIVE
MATURITY
LODGING
(1–9)3
VINE LENGTH
(CM)
MYCOSPHAERELLA BLIGHT4
POWDERY
MILDEW
FUSARIUM
WILT
SEED COAT
BREAKAGE
SEED COAT
DIMPLING5
GREENNESS6
SEED WEIGHT
G/1000
Green
Cooper
11
99
100
95
SL
L
4.0
80
5.0
R
I
F
G
n/a
270
Red
CDC Greenwater
6
110
114
96
SL
L
3.5
90
4.0
R
MR
G
F
n/a
230
CDC Limerick
7
105
110
101
SL
L
3.5
85
4.0
R
I
VG
G
n/a
210
CDC Patrick
11
96
105
97
SL
M
4.5
80
4.5
R
MR
G
G
n/a
190
CDC Pluto
6
102
102
102
SL
M
5.5
80
4.5
R
I
G
G
n/a
160
AAC Radius
4
83
94
SL
M
5.0
85
4.5
R
I
VG
G
n/a
230
CDC Raezer
8
91
103
G
n/a
220
AAC Royce
3
98
106
n/a
260
105
SL
M
3.5
85
5.0
R
MR
G
SL
M
5.0
70
5.0
R
I
F
CDC Sage
5
81
88
82
SL
M
4.0
80
5.0
R
MR
G
F
n/a
220
SW Sergeant
5
81
85
85
SL
M
4.0
80
5.0
R
I
G
G
n/a
200
CDC Striker
13
89
101
94
SL
M
3.5
80
4.5
S
MR
VG
G
n/a
240
CDC Tetris
9
99
113
99
SL
L
4.0
85
4.5
R
MR
G
Redbat 8
3
106
103
SL
M
5.0
85
5.0
R
G
n/a
210
G
n/a
190
CDC Acer
3
93
92
–
SL
L
6.5
60
5.0
R
–
G
VG
n/a
170
CDC Mosaic
4
90
92
65
SL
L
4.0
85
4.5
R
–
G
VG
n/a
180
CDC Rocket
3
86
101
94
SL
M
6.0
75
5.0
R
–
G
VG
n/a
210
Dun
CDC Dakota
6
116
125
106
SL
M
3.5
85
4.5
R
–
G
VG
n/a
205
Forage
40-10
3
75
82
52
N
L
8.5
120
4.5
S
–
G
G
–
140
Maple
CDC Horizon
4
97
98
70
SL
M
4.5
90
4.5
R
–
G
G
G
170
CDC Leroy
3
91
93
84
SL
M
5.0
95
4.5
R
–
G
G
G
150
CDC Tucker
3
91
97
83
SL
M
4.0
100
4.5
R
–
G
G
F
170
Co-op and regional trials in Saskatchewan
N = normal leaf type; SL = semi-leafless
3
Lodging score (1–9) where 1 = completely upright, 9 = completely lodged
4
Mycosphaerella blight score (1–9) where 1 = no disease, 9 = completely blighted
5
Seed coat dimpling: VG = 0–5%; G = 6–20%; F = 21–50%
6
Greenness: Good = 0–15%; Fair = 16–40%
1
2
The following varieties have purple flower colour and pigmented seed coats: CDC Acer, CDC Mosaic, CDC Rocket, CDC Dakota, and 40-10. CDC Acer, CDC Mosaic, and CDC Rocket have a maple
patterned seed coat, 40-10 has a speckled seed coat, while CDC Dakota has a solid dun (tan) coloured seed coat. All other varieties have white flower colour and non-pigmented seed coats.
Source: Saskatchewan Variety of Grain Crops 2016, Saskatchewan Advisory Council on Grain Crops
14
Lodging: How These Ratings are
Determined and What They Mean
Lodging ratings provide an indication of the standability
of the variety under average conditions. Lodging
can be different than what is stated in the guide as
different varieties can respond differently under certain
environments. Lodging scores are based on a visual
rating with a 9-point scale where 1 = completely upright
and 9 = completely lodged. Ratings are developed
for each variety at a time of year when differences in
standability are noticeable, such as at physiological
maturity or close to harvest. The numbers are based
on relative comparisons to other varieties in the variety
testing program. Lodging ratings overall are done at all
stages of variety evaluations and overall years so variety
ratings may change over time.
Seed Coat Breakage
Seed coat breakage ratings are done on varieties during
the co-op testing phase. It is an abrasive test where
seed coat damage is measured using a specific piece of
equipment. This rating is a test of durability of the seed
coat and is not a measure of seed coat thickness.
Greenness in Yellow Peas
Seed samples from variety evaluations of yellow peas
are visually rated for green colouring after harvest by
an experienced person. Ratings are expressed as a
percentage of the seeds in a sample that have obvious
green tinge to the whole seed. The green colouring may
be contained within the seed coat and/or cotyledons.
A rating of Fair (F) means the variety averaged 16–40
per cent seeds with green colour whereas a rating of
Good (G) would have 0–15 per cent green tinged seeds.
Greenness may be impacted by genetics, environmental
conditions, and harvest dates. A later maturing variety
may show more greenness in the seed sample due to
less mature seed if harvested on the same date as an
earlier maturity variety. The impact of greenness is
visual and does not affect germination but could affect
grade. The Canadian Grain Commission has colour as
one of the factors for peas with “good natural colour”
required for top grades. Too much green colouring could
downgrade the sample due to a “fair colour” rating.
Seed Coat Dimpling
Seed coat dimpling refers to tiny depressions that give
the seed a golfball-like appearance. Seed coat dimpling is
a result of genetics and environment. Some varieties are
more prone to dimpling than others and dimpling can be
found in many other pulse crops. It appears to be more
prevalent when cool temperatures occur during seed fill.
Seed coat dimpling is a measure of the percentage of
seed from a harvested sample that shows dimpling. Very
good (VG) ratings have between 0–5 per cent of seeds
dimpled, Good (G) between 6–20 per cent, and Fair (F)
between 21–50 per cent. Buyers prefer a smooth surface
to peas and grading may be impacted. Shrivelled seed is
a grading factor under the Canadian Grain Commission
and includes seeds that have a severely dimpled surface.
Bleaching in Green Peas
Green peas are recognized and marketed for their
uniform green cotyledon colour. The main pigment
responsible for the green colour is chlorophyll. Under
certain conditions the chlorophyll is degraded by
enzymes and results in a lightening of the green
colour which is considered bleaching. Under complete
degradation of chlorophyll, the seed becomes
yellow. Dr. Tom Warkentin with the University of
Saskatchewan’s Crop Development Centre (CDC)
suggests growers can minimize bleaching by choosing
varieties that have better tolerance to bleaching. As
bleaching tolerance is a high priority in the breeding
program objectives, most new varieties have good
tolerance to bleaching.
Saskatchewan Pulse Crop Seeding and Variety Guide 2016
15
LENTIL VARIETY UPDATE
Lentil types are classified by seed size and colour. Some varieties have been developed with
tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides called Clearfield® and are designated as CL.
Red Lentils
Small red lentils are the most popular class grown in
Saskatchewan. Higher yielding varieties are in pedigreed
seed production and may have seed available in 2016
in limited quantities. This includes Clearfield® varieties
CDC Impulse and CDC Proclaim (IBC 550) for small
reds, and non-Clearfield® variety CDC Roxy for extra
small reds. Small red varieties such as CDC Cherie and
CDC Scarlet are newer non-Clearfield® varieties that
are commercially available. CDC Redmoon (3646-4)
is the newest small red variety with further improved
yield potential, but will not be commercially available
until 2018.
Large Red lentils have red cotyledons with a much larger
seed size compared to small red lentils. CDC KR-1 (not
imidazolinone tolerant) and CDC KR-2 (CL) are higher
yielding than CDC Maxim in lentil growing areas and
are grown exclusively under contract with AGT Food
and Ingredients, through Saskatchewan Pulse Growers’
Tender Release Program.
Green Lentils
Green lentils are classified by seed size with the small
greens sometimes referred to as Eston-type and the
large greens referred to as Laird-type. They have green
seed coats with a yellow cotyledon. CDC Greenstar
(large green) and CDC Asterix (extra small green)
are the newest green lentil varieties. They have high
yield potential but are not imidazolinone tolerant.
16
CDC Imvincible (small green), CDC Imigreen (medium
green), and CDC Impower (large green) are the newest
greens with the Clearfield® trait, which offers herbicide
tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides. Seed of CDC
Greenstar may be limited for 2016.
Specialty Lentils
French Green lentils have a green marbled seed coat
with yellow cotyledons. Seed size is small, most similar
to small reds. These lentils retain their shape better
than small reds or greens upon cooking. CDC Peridot
is the only Clearfield® variety available, which is
imidazolinone tolerant, but it is a lower yielding variety
than conventional variety of CDC Marble.
Green Cotyledon lentils have green cotyledons with
small-to-medium seed size. CDC QG-2 is the highest
yielding variety with earliest maturity. Green cotyledon
lentils are grown exclusively under contract with AGT
Food and Ingredients, through Saskatchewan Pulse
Growers’ Tender Release Program.
Spanish Brown lentils have a gray dotted seed coat
with yellow cotyledons. This class is sold primarily into
Spain. Seed size is small, most similar to small reds. CDC
SB-2 is the latest variety with higher yield and improved
disease resistance. Spanish Brown varieties are grown
exclusively under contract with Simpson Seeds, through
Saskatchewan Pulse Growers’ Tender Release Program.
Long-Term Lentil Averages for Saskatchewan 2016
Main Characteristics of Varieties
YIELD % CDC MAXIM CL
MARKET CLASS
VARIETY
Small red
CDC Maxim
YEARS
TESTED*
AREA
1&2
AREA
3&4
HEIGHT
(CM)
DAYS TO
FLOWER
MATURITY
RATING
ASCOCHYTA
BLIGHT
ANTHRACNOSE
RACE1
SEED COAT
COLOUR
COTYLEDON
COLOUR
SEED
WEIGHT
(G/1000)
CL
9
100
100
34
51
E/M
MR
MR
gray
red
40
5
109
106
32
51
E/M
MR
I
gray
red
39
CL
8
104
98
33
53
E/M
MR
I
gray
red
35
CDC Cherie
CDC Dazil
CDC Imax
CL
9
96
82
35
51
E/M
MR
I
gray
red
45
CDC Impact
CL
6
80
76
30
47
E
MR
MS
gray
red
34
CDC Impulse
CL
6
108
95
37
52
E/M
MR
MR
gray
red
44
6
95
85
34
52
E/M
MR
I
gray
red
45
6
97
99
34
50
E/M
MR
MR
gray
red
42
7
107
103
35
51
E/M
MR
I
gray
red
38
6
105
93
33
50
E/M
MR
MR
gray
red
39
CDC Red Rider
CDC Redberry
CDC Redcliff
CDC Redcoat
CDC Rouleau
CDC Scarlet
CDC Proclaim
CL
CDC Redmoon
Extra small red
96
93
33
52
M
MR
MR
gray
red
37
7
105
103
35
53
E/M
MR
I
gray
red
36
5
105
101
34
51
E/M
MR
MR
gray
red
40
5
115
102
33
52
E/M
MR
MR
gray
red
41
CL
7
94
91
30
51
E
MR
MR
gray
red
31
CDC Imperial
CL
6
84
79
30
49
E
MR
MR
gray
red
30
CDC Redbow
6
102
99
30
49
E
MR
MR
gray
red
32
6
100
99
30
50
E
MR
MR
tan
red
31
CDC Rosie
CDC Roxy
CDC Ruby
Small green
6
CDC Impala
CDC Rosebud
Large red
RESISTANCE TO:
HERBICIDE
TOLERANCE
CDC KR-1
7
92
90
33
52
E/M
MR
MR
gray
red
30
5
103
102
34
53
E/M
MR
MR
gray
red
32
7
90
91
30
48
E
MR
MR
gray
red
29
9
110
92
37
52
M
MR
MR
gray
red
56
85
37
52
M
MR
MR
gray
red
55
CDC KR-2
CL
5
105
CDC Imvincible
CL
9
96
83
33
49
E
MR
MR
green
yellow
34
CDC Milestone
6
91
84
31
49
E
MR
S
green
yellow
37
CDC Viceroy
CDC Kermit
6
97
98
34
49
E
MR
MR
green
yellow
33
6
106
102
36
49
E/M
MR
MR
green
yellow
34
Saskatchewan Pulse Crop Seeding and Variety Guide 2016
17
YIELD % CDC MAXIM CL
MARKET CLASS
VARIETY
RESISTANCE TO:
HERBICIDE
TOLERANCE
YEARS
TESTED*
AREA
1&2
AREA
3&4
HEIGHT
(CM)
DAYS TO
FLOWER
MATURITY
RATING
ASCOCHYTA
BLIGHT
SEED COAT
COLOUR
COTYLEDON
COLOUR
SEED
WEIGHT
(G/1000)
Extra small green
CDC Asterix
8
99
101
30
48
E
MR
I
green
yellow
26
Medium green
CDC Impress
CL
6
87
71
34
50
M
MR
MS
green
yellow
52
CDC Imigreen
CL
7
78
71
44
50
M
MR
S
green
yellow
57
CDC Meteor
6
102
89
34
50
M
MR
S
green
yellow
51
6
93
80
35
50
M
S
S
green
yellow
51
64
CDC Richlea
Large green
CDC Greenland
CDC Greenstar
70
38
52
M/L
MR
S
green
yellow
78
40
52
M/L
MR
I
green
yellow
73
52
M/L
MR
S
green
yellow
64
8
85
68
41
CDC Improve
CL
6
87
76
39
51
M
I
S
green
yellow
67
6
87
77
38
52
M/L
MR
MS
green
yellow
62
66
CDC LeMay
CDC Marble
CDC Peridot
Green cotyledon
89
101
CL
CDC Sovereign
French green
7
7
CDC Impower
CDC Plato
CL
CDC QG-1
CDC QG-2
CDC QG-3
Spanish brown
CDC SB-2
CDC SB-3
CL
CL
6
83
77
40
52
L
MR
MS
green
yellow
6
84
80
35
48
E
I
S
green marble
yellow
33
7
107
103
36
49
E
MR
I
green marble
yellow
34
6
84
94
37
48
E
I
MS
green marble
yellow
38
5
80
65
42
51
M
I
I
green
green
49
6
91
94
40
48
E
I
I
green marble
green
32
5
73
–
38
53
E/M
I
MR
green
green
46
5
95
85
37
49
E
I
MR
gray dotted
yellow
37
5
89
90
35
51
E
I
MR
gray dotted
yellow
38
*Co-op and Regional Trials in Saskatchewan since 2006. Comparisons to the check variety, small red lentil CDC Maxim CL.
1
CL indicates Clearfield® variety.
Source: Saskatchewan Variety of Grain Crops 2016, Saskatchewan Advisory Council on Grain Crops
18
ANTHRACNOSE
RACE1
CHICKPEA VARIETY UPDATE
Kabuli Chickpea
CDC Orion and CDC Leader are amongst the highest yielding Kabuli cultivars with medium-to-large seed size, earlier maturity than CDC Frontier and Amit, and well adapted to all
current chickpea growing regions of Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of southern Saskatchewan. CDC Orion was the most widely grown variety in 2015 in Saskatchewan followed
by CDC Leader.
CDC Palmer is a new high yielding variety released in 2014. It has a large seed size similar to CDC Orion, but is earlier maturing. CDC Palmer is moderately resistant to ascochyta
blight and is well adapted to all current chickpea growing regions of Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of southern Saskatchewan. Certified seed may be available in limited amounts
in 2016.
Desi Chickpea
CDC Consul is a high yielding Desi cultivar with good ascochyta blight resistance and is an alternative to the production of small Kabuli chickpea types. CDC Consul is suited to all
current chickpea growing regions of Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of southern Saskatchewan.
Long-Term Chickpea Averages for Saskatchewan 2016
Main Characteristics of Varieties
YIELD (% AMIT)
MARKET
CLASS
VARIETY
Kabuli
Amit (B-90)
Desi
YEARS
TESTED
AREA 11
AREA 21
ASCOCHYTA
BLIGHT2
HEIGHT
(CM)
DAYS TO
FLOWER
MATURITY
SEED WEIGHT
(G/1000)
SEED
SHAPE3
SEED OR SEED
COAT COLOUR4
14
100
100
4.3
46
57
L
260
Ro
B
CDC Alma
7
91
92
6.1
41
54
L
372
RH
B
CDC Frontier
14
108
104
4.4
45
56
L
252
RH
B
CDC Leader
10
109
108
4.4
41
55
M
394
RH
B
CDC Luna
13
98
100
5.7
39
54
ML
373
RH
B
CDC Orion
9
108
106
4.9
44
51
L
441
RH
B
CDC Palmer (PBR)
5
108
105
4.7
42
53
ML
426
RH
B
CDC Consul
8
111
111
3.9
45
53
M
307
P
LT
CDC Corinne
13
114
111
4.1
40
56
M
247
A/P
T
CDC Cory
7
113
106
4.1
47
57
M
274
A/P
T
CDC Vanguard
13
107
107
4.7
38
53
ML
224
P
T
Area 1: Brown soil zone. Area 2: Dark brown soil zone.
Ascochyta blight at pod filling period: 0–9 scale; 0 = no symptom; 9 = plants are completely blighted. Scores 4–6 are considered intermediate.
3
Seed shape: Ro = round; RH = ram-head; P = plump; A = angular
4
Seed or seed coat colour: B = beige; LT = light tan; T = tan
1
2
Source: Saskatchewan Variety of Grain Crops 2016, Saskatchewan Advisory Council on Grain Crops
Saskatchewan Pulse Crop Seeding and Variety Guide 2016
19
FABA BEAN VARIETY UPDATE
Faba bean varieties are classified by their tannin levels, which correspond to flower colour. Tannin type varieties have coloured flowers and are
usually larger seeded. Tannin types are targeted for human consumption but can also be fed to livestock or processed.
CDC SSNS-1 is a small seeded tannin type that is grown in Saskatchewan and is well-suited for green manure or use in silage mixtures. Zero-tannin type varieties have white flowers
and are grown mainly for use in livestock feed industry, but can also be sold into other markets. The smaller seeded zero-tannin varieties Snowbird and CDC Snowdrop are the most
widely grown varieties in Saskatchewan.
Long-Term Faba Bean Averages for Saskatchewan 2016
Main Characteristics of Varieties
YEARS TESTED
YIELD
(% CDC FATIMA)
HEIGHT (CM)
LODGING (1-9)1
CDC Fatima
10
100
106
CDC Blitz
6
101
101
Fabelle2
3
108
Florent
4
FB9-4
8
CDC SSNS-1
Taboar
MARKET CLASS
VARIETY
Coloured Flower
(normal tannin)
MATURING (DAYS)
SEED WEIGHT
(G/1000)
3.8
105
520
3.7
109
410
104
2.4
105
533
112
102
2.3
107
660
96
95
3.7
104
680
10
91
109
3.4
105
335
5
96
110
3.7
107
480
Vetigo
3
111
107
3.0
106
571
186S-11
5
107
105
3.1
106
749
620
247-13
4
107
103
3.4
106
White Flower
Imposa
4
110
99
2.4
107
695
(zero tannin)
Snowbird
10
104
96
2.6
104
495
CDC Snowdrop
7
91
98
2.6
104
335
Tabasco
5
101
96
2.3
106
530
Lodging score (1–9) where 1 = completely upright, 9 = completely lodged. 2Low vicine.
1
Source: Saskatchewan Variety of Grain Crops 2016, Saskatchewan Advisory Council on Grain Crops
Seeding Points for Faba Beans
Tannin and zero-tannin faba bean varieties should not be grown side by side as cross pollination can occur. If outcrossing occurs, the seed from the field may appear uniform but
upon replanting the following year a high number of off types will result and marketing the crop will be an issue. The Canadian Seed Growers Association recommends a minimum
of 100 metres between different varieties of faba beans, however Dr. Bert Vandenberg with University of Saskatchewan’s Crop Development Centre suggests even further distances
should be used, up to 500 metres, to minimize the risk of cross pollination.
Faba beans have a high requirement for phosphorus (P). Uptake of P is approximately two kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) for every bushel (bu) produced (89 to 108 kg/ha for
50 bu/ac crop), and about 1.2 kg/ha removed from the field with every bushel produced (55–67 kg/ha for 50 bu/ac crop). Phosphorus response of faba bean is currently under
investigation. It is recommended to apply P at removal rates to balance fertility programs for future crops. Faba beans are tolerant to 40 lbs/ac of seed placed fertilizer.
Slow down at seeding time to prevent plugging. Faba beans are a larger seed and plugging can occur during seeding time. Reducing seed speed can help slow down the amount of
material needing to go through the equipment. Equipment manufacturers have recommendations for alternations or adaptations for seeding large seed crops such as faba beans.
20
DRY BEAN VARIETY UPDATE
Dry bean production in Saskatchewan occurs primarily in the irrigation area near Lake Diefenbaker but there are limited acres of dryland
production. The majority of the dry beans produced are pinto beans followed by navy, black, and small red beans. Dry bean acreage has been
fairly stable around 10,000 acres annually.
Long-Term Dry Bean Averages for Saskatchewan 2016
Main Characteristics of Varieties
YIELD (% CDC PINTIUM)
YEARS TESTED1
IRRIGATION
DRYLAND
DAYS TO
FLOWER
MATURITY
RATING2
% POD
CLEARANCE3
SEED WEIGHT
(G/1000)
GROWTH
HABIT4
CDC Pintium
14
100
100
50
E
85
350
I
TYPE
VARIETY
Pinto
Navy
Island
8
122
109
55
M
79
355
II
Mariah
5
114
103
55
L
82
293
II
CDC Marmot
6
115
112
50
E
80
367
I
Winchester
5
116
110
52
M
82
352
II
CDC WM-2
9
118
106
52
E
79
365
II
Envoy
14
84
84
53
M
77
184
I
Lightning
7
109
92
60
L
85
175
II
Skyline
5
74
91
57
L
80
163
I
OAC Spark
6
88
101
55
L
81
163
I
Portage
3
97
94
52
M
85
175
II
Great northern
AC Polaris
7
97
98
52
L
70
310
III
Small red
AC Redbond
8
98
100
51
M
65
290
II
Black
CDC Blackcomb
7
115
95
56
M
85
167
II
CDC Blackstrap
5
116
115
53
M
85
195
II
Carman Black
5
125
113
59
M
88
180
II
CDC Jet
14
96
95
58
L
85
170
II
CDC Superjet
4
128
107
58
L
85
170
II
Shiny black
AC Black Diamond
7
102
94
54
M
70
250
II
Yellow
CDC Sol
8
103
93
55
L
78
399
I
Co-op and regional trials grown in narrow rows. Direct comparisons to CDC Pintium since 2002.
Maturity ratings based on E = 100 days L = 110 days for May 20 planting to swathing maturity.
3
Pod clearance: percentage of pods that completely clear the cutterbar at time of swathing (~4 cm).
4
Growth habit: I = Determinate bush; II = Indeterminate bush; III = Indeterminate vine.
1
2
Source: Saskatchewan Variety of Grain Crops 2016, Saskatchewan Advisory Council on Grain Crops
Saskatchewan Pulse Crop Seeding and Variety Guide 2016
21
SOYBEAN VARIETIES
Saskatchewan and Western Manitoba Soybean Variety Trial – Long-Term Means
Main Characteristics of Varieties
YIELD (%23-10RY)4
SOUTH
NORTH
VARIETY
COMPANY MATURITY GROUPING
TYPE
HILUM COLOUR
YEARS TESTED
23-10RY
00.1
RR2
BL
4
100
100
123
P001T34R
000
RR1
BR
3
83
87
118
P002T04R
00.2
RR1
TN
2
94
95
119
NSC Moosomin RR2Y
000.9
RR2
BR
3
89
95
121
22-60RY
000.8
RR2
BL
2
101
102
121
00.1
RR2
BL
4
104
98
123
Notus R2
00.1
RR2
BL
2
103
102
124
LS NorthWester
00.2
RR2
BL
2
103
93
124
Bishop R2
00.2
RR2
IY
4
99
96
124
S007-Y4
00.5
RR2
IY
2
114
106
124
TH 33003R2Y
00.3
RR2
BR
4
105
101
125
NSC Tilston RR2Y
00.4
RR2
BL
4
105
103
125
NSC Anola RR2Y
00.2
RR2
BL
3
107
99
125
TH 35002R2Y
00.2
RR2
BL
2
100
98
125
125
1
NSC Reston RR2Y
2
1
3
DAYS TO MATURITY
000.9
RR2
BL
2
105
98
McLeod R2
00.3
RR2
BL
4
108
104
125
LS 002R24N
00.2
RR2
BL
3
107
104
126
Pekko R2
00.1
RR2
BL
4
103
96
126
PS 0035 NR2
00.3
RR2
BL
3
104
98
126
Mahony R2
00.3
RR2
BL
2
112
106
126
TH 32004R2Y
00.4
RR2
BL
4
115
101
126
NSC Gladstone RR2Y
00.3
RR2
BL
3
109
98
126
23-60RY
00.3
RR2
BL
3
107
98
126
Hero R2
00.4
RR2
BL
2
113
99
127
23-11RY
Vito R2
00.2
RR2
GR
4
99
94
127
Akras R2
00.3
RR2
IB
2
111
105
127
LS 003R24N
00.3
RR2
BL
2
104
97
127
900Y61
00.6
RR1
BR
4
101
91
128
Lono R2
00.5
RR2
Y
2
108
101
128
TH 33005R2Y
00.5
RR2
BL
3
108
98
128
HS 006RYS24
00.6
RR2
BL
3
103
91
128
All varieties in this table are either Roundup Ready 1 or Genuity® Roundup Ready 2 Yield®
In North America, soybean varieties are classified into maturity groupings from 9 in southern USA to 1 or 0 in southern Ontario. 00 refers to shorter season varieties than 0 types, while 000 refers to
shorter season varieties than 00 types. The decimal point notation refers to differences within a class, for example, 00.1 should be a shorter season variety than 00.2.
3
Hilum is the point where the seed attaches to the pod. BR = Brown, Y = Yellow, IY = Imperfect Yellow, BL = Black, GR = Grey, TN = Tan.
4
South: Boissevain, Melita, Hamiota, Redvers, Halbrite, Swift Current, and Indian Head; North: Dauphin, Roblin, Outlook (irrigated and dryland), Saskatoon, Floral, Kamsack, Rosthern, Melfort, and Scott.
1
2
22
Source: Saskatchewan Variety of Grain Crops 2016, Saskatchewan Advisory Council on Grain Crops
Seeding Points for Soybeans
Soybeans require warm soils (10°C) for optimum
germination and emergence. Trash management
to encourage some blackening of the soil can be
advantageous to speed soil warming. They are sensitive
to spring frosts as growing point is aboveground. Delay
seeding until at least May 10 or later if conditions
remain cool. Soybeans are susceptible to several
seed and seedling diseases so seed treatment should
be considered.
Soybeans are prone to iron chlorosis particularly
when grown on saturated soils, soils high in calcium
carbonates, or on soils with salinity problems. Choose
your fields carefully.
The maximum amount of phosphate plus potassium
fertilizer that can be safely placed with the seed is
20 lbs/ac. Amounts higher than 20 lbs/ac should
be banded.
Volunteer Roundup Ready® canola is a problem weed.
Preemergence herbicides should be considered as part
of the weed control program.
Additional Information
The soybean variety trial is coordinated by Manitoba
Agriculture Food and Rural Development. Mean yield of
the check variety 23-10RY was 45 bu/ac in the south, and
42 bu/ac in the north. Typical on-farm yields are 25–30
bu/ac. Soybean is not native to the Canadian Prairies
and so must be inoculated with soybean inoculant that
contains Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria.
Saskatchewan Pulse Crop Seeding and Variety Guide 2016
23
NOTES
24
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