Unit 1 Reading Guide: The Colonial Era
Chapter 2, Section 1
1. Which Spanish conquistador conquered the Aztec, bringing Mexico into the hands of the
Spanish empire?
Chapter 2, Section 4
17. Why did William Penn established the colony of Pennsylvania?
18. What European country established a colony at what is today New York City?
2.
According to Hernando Cortes, what was the cure for the “disease of the heart” he and
his men suffered?
3.
Who were the mestizos?
4.
Why did the Spanish abandon their exploration of Florida in 1562?
5.
What event, taking place in 1588, ended Spanish domination of the Atlantic, enabling
England to begin the colonization of North America?
19. Which English colony was a haven for Catholics thanks to the Act of Toleration (1649)?
Chapter 3, Section 1
20. What effect did the British policy of mercantilism have on the colonies?
21. What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?
Chapter 2, Section 2
6. What crop helped the English settlement at Jamestown to survive and prosper?
7.
Why did the Powhatans kill the livestock of the Jamestown settlers?
8.
What was the major difference between an indentured servant and a slave?
9.
When did the first Africans arrive in Virginia?
22. As a result of salutary neglect, England relaxed enforcement of the Navigation Acts as long as
their American colonies remained:
23. In English North America, who paid the salaries of the colonial governors?
Chapter 3, Section 2
24. What was the “plantation system” that developed in the Southern colonies?
25. What was the main cash crop of Virginia and North Carolina? Of South Carolina and Georgia?
26. What was “the middle passage?”
10. Identify one cause and one effect of Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia
27. Why was the Georgia colony created?
Chapter 2, Section 3
11. Why did the Separatists (Pilgrims) leave England? Why did the Puritans leave England?
12. Which group established the Plymouth Colony? Which group established the
Massachusetts Bay Colony?
13. What was the most important criteria for an adult male to be able to vote in the
Massachusetts Bay Colony
14. In what way was the population of the Massachusetts different from that of Virginia?
15. Why was the colony of Rhode Island created?
16. What was one cause and one effect of King Phillip’s War?
28. What was the goal of the Stono Rebellion in 1739?
29. Why didn’t the Northern colonies become as dependent on slavery as the Southern colonies?
Chapter 3, Section 3
30. What conditions kept New England farms small during the colonial period?
31. What was colonial British North America’s largest group in 1755?
32. How many people were hanged during the Salem Witch Trials episode?
33. Why was literacy so important in New England?
34. What effect did the “Great Awakening” have on the British colonies?