17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Current Domains and Kingdoms
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
- the most recent classification system divides living
organisms into 3 domains and 6 kingdoms
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Donkey
Kong
Put
Carrots
On
Father
Gregor’s
Shoes
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Classification is always a work in progress.
• The tree of life shows our most current understanding.
• New discoveries can lead to changes in classification.
– Until 1866: only two kingdoms,
Plantae
Animalia and Plantae
Animalia
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Classification is always a work in progress.
• The tree of life shows our most current understanding.
• New discoveries can lead to changes in classification.
– Until 1866: only two kingdoms,
Plantae
Animalia and Plantae
Animalia
– 1866: all single-celled
Protista
organisms moved to
kingdom Protista
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Classification is always a work in progress.
• The tree of life shows our most current understanding.
• New discoveries can lead to changes in classification.
– Until 1866: only two kingdoms,
Plantae
Animalia and Plantae
Animalia
– 1866: all single-celled
Protista
organisms moved to
kingdom Protista
– 1938: prokaryotes moved
to kingdom Monera
Monera
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Classification is always a work in progress.
• The tree of life shows our most current understanding.
• New discoveries can lead to changes in classification.
– Until 1866: only two kingdoms,
Plantae
Animalia and Plantae
Animalia
– 1866: all single-celled
Protista
organisms moved to
kingdom Protista
– 1938: prokaryotes moved
to kingdom Monera
– 1959: fungi moved to
own kingdom
Monera
Fungi
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Classification is always a work in progress.
• The tree of life shows our most current understanding.
• New discoveries can lead to changes in classification.
– Until 1866: only two kingdoms,
Plantae
Animalia and Plantae
Animalia
– 1866: all single-celled
Protista
organisms moved to
kingdom Protista
– 1938: prokaryotes moved
to kingdom Monera
– 1959: fungi moved to
own kingdom
Archea
Fungi
Bacteria
– 1977: kingdom Monera
split into kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
The three domains in the tree of life are Bacteria, Archaea,
and Eukarya.
• Domains are above the kingdom level.
– proposed by Carl Woese based on rRNA studies of
prokaryotes
– domain model more clearly shows prokaryotic diversity
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Domain Bacteria includes the kingdom
Bacteria /Eubacteria
Domain Archaea includes the kingdom
Archaea /Archaebacteria
Domain Eukarya includes the kingdoms
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
(bottom of chart)
Info Review:
has a nucleus
no nucleus
unicellular
multicellular
producer
consumer
= eukaryote
= prokaryote
= one cell
= many cells
= autotroph
= heterotroph
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Kingdom
Cell Type
Bacteria/Eubacteria
prokaryote
Archaea/Archaebacteria
prokaryote
Protista
eukaryote
Fungi
eukaryote
Plantae
eukaryote
Animalia
eukaryote
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Kingdom
Cell Wall?
Bacteria/Eubacteria
yes (peptidoglycan)
Archaea/Archaebacteria
yes
Protista
some yes
some no
Fungi
yes (chitin)
Plantae
yes (cellulose)
Animalia
no
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Kingdom
# cells
Bacteria/Eubacteria
unicellular
Archaea/Archaebacteria
unicellular
Protista
mostly unicellular
some multicellular
Fungi
some unicellular
mostly multicellular
Plantae
multicellular
Animalia
multicellular
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Kingdom
Gains energy
Bacteria/Eubacteria
producers & consumers
Archaea/Archaebacteria
producers & consumers
Protista
producers & consumers
Fungi
consumers
Plantae
producers
Animalia
consumers
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Bacteria/Eubacteria
Other info
1
2
3
4
one of the largest
“odds & ends” kingdom
organisms named based on shape
use flagella to move
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
• Kingdom Bacteria
Ex:
E. coli
streptococcus
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Archaea/Archaebacteria
Other info
can survive in extreme conditions
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
• Kingdom Archaea
– can survive in extreme
conditions (ocean vents, hot
springs, guts of animals, very
acidic/alkaline)
Ex:
methanogens
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Protista
Other Info
kingdom with greatest variety
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
• Kingdom Protista
Ex:
kelp
amoeba
paramecium
euglena
paramecium
amoeba
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Fungi
Other Info
found on dead or decaying matter
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
• Kingdom Fungi
Ex:
mushrooms
yeast
molds
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Plantae
Other Info
do not move from place to place
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
• Kingdom Plantae
Ex:
mosses
ferns
flowering plants
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Kingdom
Other Info
Animalia
includes organisms with &
without bones
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
• Kingdom Animalia
Ex:
sponges
worms
insects
fish
mammals
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms
Concept Map: Living Things
eukaryotic
cell walls
Plantae
Animalia
Archaea
(Archaebacteria)
Fungi
Bacteria
Bacteria
(Eubacteria)
Protista
Domain Eukarya
prokaryotic
Archaea