OSHA LOGGING
OVERVIEW
OSHA
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Logging Safety
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (or
Act)
Applies to all employers (regardless of number of
employees)
Ensures employers conform to workplace safety
standards
Guarantees employees right to a safe workplace
Standards first implemented in 1972, Logging
standard in 1995
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OSHA Compliance
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Inform workers of rights
Maintain a safe workplace
‰ Identify
f hazards
‰ Implement procedures to minimize hazards (training, job
procedures, re-engineering, and PPE)
Comply with specific regulations
‰ General standard – All industries
‰ Logging standard – anything that appears to be logging
‰ Any other standard that may apply, Mill standards (unloading)
Reporting
epo g
‰ Forms if more than 10 employees
‰ Fatalities or 3 or more people injured in the same event
Overview
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Logging Safety
Commonly cited standards
PPE
Training
OSHA standard
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Logging Inspections
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In Alabama 43 total in last 10 years
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Over 9400 total in that time
Accident: In response to OSHA reported
accident (27)
Planned: Random selection of firms with more
than 10 employees (6)
Followup:
p Inspect
p
p
performance regarding
g
g
violations from a previous inspection (4)
Complaint and Referral: Inspection resulting
from complaint to or contact with OSHA (4)
Logging Industry Citations
Name
Standard
Inspections
(%)
Penalties
(%)
Logging
1910.0266
62
58
Electrical
1910.0303
Wiring
21
4
1910.0305
Wiring
15
2
1910.0212
Guarding, etc
17
3
1910.0253
Gas cutting
13
4
Machines,
tools
Logging Safety
Standard
1910.0215
Abrasive wheels
9
3
1910 0242
1910.0242
Hand tools
8
2
1910.0212
Slings
6
-
1910.0178
Fork lifts
4
-
Fire protection 1910.0157
Fire ext.
6
-
3
Logging Industry Citations
Name
Standard
Citations
(%)
Penalties
(%)
Hazard
communication
1910.1200
15
2
Safe workplace
Section 5
13
6
Buildings
1910.0022
Floors, surfaces 6
1
1910.0037
Exits
6
-
Medical
1910.0151
First aid
4
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Records
1904 0029
1904.0029
Forms
4
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1904.0032
Summary
2
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1910.0095
Exposure
2
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Noise
Logging Industry Citations
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Other issues
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Logging Safety
PPE
Hazardous materials: Fuels, Solvents,
Compressed gasses
Lockout/Tagout
Illness: Dust exposure
Bl db
Bloodborne
pathogens
th
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Head Protection
Hard hats must be worn
when overhead
hazards are present
present.
The hard hats must
comply with ANSI
standards. Check for
an ANSI label inside
the hat.
(Subpart I, ANSI Z89.1-1986, if
purchased after July 5, 1994, or
ANSI Z89.1-1969 if purchased
before July 5, 1994).
Hearing Protection Requirements
Requirements are found in 1910.95.
Pay particular attention to
monitoring
it i th
the noise
i llevels
l
employees are exposed to.
The level will determine whether a
hearing conservation program
should be implemented.
Basic elements of a hearing
conservation plan are providing
audiograms training employees
audiograms,
employees,
and providing hearing protection
at no cost to the employee.
Logging Safety
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Eye/Face Protection
Must be worn where there is
potential for injury to the eyes or
f
face.
Logger type mesh screens are
adequate eye and face
protection for chain saw
operators.
The protective equipment must
comply with ANSI standards
(Subpart I, ANSI Z87.1-1989 if
purchased after July 5, 1994, or ANSI
Z87.1-1968 if purchased before July 5,
1994).
Leg Protection
Chain saw operators must wear leg
protection constructed with cutresistant material.
The leg protection must extend
from the upper thigh down to the
boot top and adequately cover
the leg.
Logging Safety
•
Available in a variety of
forms, including chaps,
logger pants, and leggings.
•
Protective material includes
ballistic nylon, polyester,
Kevlar, Engtek, etc.
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Underwriters Laboratories
(UL) currently tests and
labels leg protection
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Foot Protection
Employees must wear heavy duty
logging boots that are waterproof
or water repellant, and cover and
provide support to the ankle.
For employee that use a chain saw,
the footwear must be constructed
with cut-resistant material that will
protect against chainsaw contact
Calk soled boots are acceptable
when they are required for the
employee's job.
Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
currently tests and labels foot
protection
Hand Protection
Employees who handle
wire rope are required
to wear hand protection
that protects against
puncture wounds, cuts,
and lacerations.
Logging Safety
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Training
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Employer is responsible for ensuring that
each employee can
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Properly and safely perform the work tasks and
Operate the tools, equipment, machines, and
vehicles used in their job.
Training
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Logging Safety
Employees who need remedial training or job
task change training are required to work
under the close supervision of a designated
person until the employee demonstrates to
the employer the ability to safely perform their
duties independently.
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Training
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All training must be conducted in a manner
that is understandable to the employees
receiving it and it must be given by a
designated person.
Training
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The employer must prepare a written
certification record to document the training
given to employees.
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Logging Safety
Employee name
Training date(s)
Signature of trainer (or employer)
The most recent certification must be
kept on file.
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Training
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The employer must hold safety and health
meetings at least monthly for each employee
employee.
Training
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Logging Safety
The employer must provide training for each
employee and supervisor :
‰ Prior to initial assignment;
‰ When assigned new work tasks, tools, equipment,
machines, or vehicles; and
‰ Whenever they demonstrate unsafe job
performance.
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Training Must Include
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Safe use, operation, and maintenance of tools,
machines,
ac es, a
and
d vehicles
e c es tthe
ee
employee
p oyee uses
Understanding and following the manufacturer’s
operating and maintenance instructions and
warnings.
Recognition of safety and health hazards associated
with the employees specific work tasks …
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Including the use of work practices and other measures to
prevent or control these hazards.
Recognition, prevention, and control of other safety
and health hazards in the logging industry.
Logging General Requirements
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Loggers must be provided with and wear:
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Logging Safety
Heavy-duty
Heavy
duty logging boots that are water
waterresistant and support the ankles
Hard hats (if overhead hazards exist)
Eye Protection (falling/flying objects)
Leg protection (chainsaw operators)
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First Aid Kits
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Specific contents (page 4)
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S i
Serviceable
bl condition
diti
How many?
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Work site with felling
Each landing
Each transport vehicle
If someone is isolated they may need one
Vehicles
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Over the road as opposed to “machines”
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Inspection and repair
Valid license
Seats, steps, handholds, seatbelts
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Logging Safety
O used
Or
d to
t transport
t
t people
l even if “off
“ ff road”
d”
Present secure
Present,
secure, accessible
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Machine Design
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Requirements for machine design and testing
specified
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ROPS/FOPS
Seat belts
Cabin guarding
Door size and number
Deflectors
Exhaust and mufflers
Brakes, Park transmissions
Machine operation
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Logging Safety
Daily inspection and repair
S t belts:
Seat
b lt M
Mustt be
b used
d iin vehicles
hi l and
d
machines with ROPS/FOPS, maintained not
removed
Fire extinguisher on all machines and vehicles
Flammable liquids cannot be transported in
operators
t
cabin
bi
Machines shut off during refueling, or safe
fueling procedures
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Machine operation
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Operated by designated person only
Work within rated limits
Riders only in seats provided
Machines shut down with parking brake
engaged and implements grounded, pressure
discharged from systems
Vi ibilit th
Visibility
through
h windows
i d
(di
(dirt,
t cracks)
k )
Steps and platforms kept clean
Guarding kept in place and maintained
Working Conditions/Hazards
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Logging Safety
Go to safe place during hazardous conditions
(storms fires wind,
(storms,
wind darkness)
Maintain audible or visual contact
Account for each person at the end of the
shift
Danger trees felled removed or avoided to
minimize exposure
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Working Conditions/Hazards
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Log deck/pile constructed so pile is stable,
allows safe movement
Spacing between work areas to minimize
hazards (2 tree lengths) given conditions
Fuel in approved containers
Guarding to protect operators from pinch/nip
points, flying debris (chipping, delimbing,
bucking)
Loading and Unloading
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Clearance between the truck, loader, and pile
All non
non-essential
essential people clear of the area
Driver should not remain in cab
Log placement and position
Unstable logs secured
Tie down tight before moving, check tension
en route
Mill standards cover unloading at mills
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Logging Safety
1910.0265
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Bucking and Limbing
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Buck on uphill side if chance of sliding or
rolling
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Chock/support when not possible
Observe conditions to minimize hazards from
tree movement
In Woods Chipping
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Maintain chipper guarding
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Chipper shut down and locked out before
maintenance
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Logging Safety
Covers
C
Doors
Discharge points
CFR 1910.0147
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Power Lines
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Loader operated with a 10 ft clearance (<=50 kV)
If voltage > than 50kV
50kV, increase clearance by 4 in
in. for
every 10kV over 50
Apply to extremity of load
Right of way usually beyond minimum clearance
Hand/Power Tools
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Logging Safety
Daily inspection
Well maintained
Used for intended purposes
Good fitting handles and guards
Secured in machines or vehicles
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Manual Felling
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Felling procedure
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Clear brush/obstacles
Determine retreat path
Examine tree hazards and plan
Undercut must be made, small enough so tree will not
split
Backcut
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to allow sufficient hinge to guide tree to ground
At or above the height of the undercut
Domino felling prohibited
Consider slope in felling plan
OSHA Hand and Power Tools
Tools must be used for the purpose intended, and
must be inspected before use on all shifts
shifts.
Chainsaws (put into service after 2/9/95) must
have:
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Chainsaws (put into service before 2/9/95) must
have:
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Logging Safety
Chain brake
Low or reduced kickback chain, or
Bar chip cover (over end), or
Reduced kickback guide bar.
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OSHA Chainsaw Features
Meet ANSI B175.1-1991
Muffler
Minimize kick back: chainbrake, nose
shield, low kick back chain
Throttle lock, chain stops when throttle
disengaged
All safety features in place, functional
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Chain catcher
Chainsaw Operation
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Fueling of saws must be at least 20 feet away
from fire or other ignition source
Saws must be started at least 10 feet away
from the fueling area
Saws must be started:
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Logging Safety
With the chain break engaged.
Firmly supported (no drop-starting)
Not used to cut directly overhead
Shut off or set chain brake, release throttle
before the feller starts his/her retreat
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Chainsaw Operation
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Good footing, body position
Hands around handles
Carried to avoid contact with muffler or chain
Shut off, chain brake on or at idle during
retreat
Chain saw off or chain brake on when moving
more than 50 ft
Hazardous Communication
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Written program
Containers labeled
MSDS for each chemical
Training program
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Logging Safety
Explanation of MSDS information
MSDS contents
Loss control 3 www.loggingsafety.com
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Reporting and Record Keeping
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Report fatalities and multiple injuries within 8 hours
to OSHA
Injury and illness reports/summaries if more than 10
employees, posting requirement
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Training records
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OSHA Forms 300, 300A, 301
Employee,
p y
FA/CPR, Safety
y meetings,
g Haz. Comm.
Safety program documentation
Maintenance and inspection records
Permits/Certificates for specific equipment
Fatality Reporting
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Logging Safety
Area office or 1-800-321-OSHA
E t bli h
Establishment
t name
Location of the incident
Time of the incident
Number of fatalities or hospitalized employees
Names of any
y injured
j
employees
p y
Your contact person and his/her phone number
Brief description of the incident.
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Alabama Contacts
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Compliance
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Mobile
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(251) 441-6131
Birmingham
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(205) 731-1534
OSHA Inspections
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Search by business
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http://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.html
htt
//
h
/ l /i i / t bli h
t ht l
Search by SIC code, Logging = 2411
‰ http://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/industry.html
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Logging Safety
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State OSHA
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OSHA maybe enforced at state level
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Al b
Alabama:
F
Federal
d l enforcement
f
t
Workplace safety resources
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Safestate
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Logging Safety
http://alabamasafestate.ua.edu/safe_state_osha.htm
Consultation services to small business
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Workers Compensation
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Alabama standards
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Neighboring states standards maybe different
Industry rates set by NCCI
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Logging Safety
No
o fault
au t co
coverage
e age for
o workplace
o p ace acc
accidents
de ts
Guidelines for coverage and benefits
Standards/exceptions for coverage
Acceptable coverage in place of WC
Examine loss history by industry
Determines rates from claims
Liability protection from contractors and their
employees increases desire to mandate WC
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