AGE OF REVOLUTIONS
 STANDARD WHII.6a
 The student will demonstrate knowledge of
scientific, political, economic, and religious
changes during the sixteenth, seventeenth,
and eighteenth centuries by
 a) describing the Scientific Revolution and
its effects.
Scientific
Revolution
Scientific Revolution
• The new ideas emphasized reason,
observation, and systematic measurement.
• This led to the Scientific Revolution.
• It changed the way people viewed the world
and their place in it.
Pioneers of the scientific revolution
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus
• Developed heliocentric theory.
Nicolaus Copernicus
• Developed heliocentric theory.
Heliocentric Theory
The belief that everything revolves around
the sun, not the Earth
Nicolaus Copernicus
• Developed heliocentric theory.
• This went against the Church
which taught the Geocentric
Model…
Nicolaus Copernicus
• Developed heliocentric theory.
• This went against the Church
Geocentric
Model
which taught
the Geocentric
Model…
The belief that everything revolves around
the Earth
Nicolaus Copernicus
• He believed the Earth, and everything else,
revolved around the sun!
He didn’t have
the tools to
prove it though!
Galileo Galilei
• Galileo proved Copernicus right.
Galileo Galilei
• After playing with some
pieces of glass, he
realized he could magnify
whatever he looked at.
Galileo Galilei
• After playing with some
pieces of glass, he
realized he could magnify
whatever he looked at.
• He then built a telescope,
studied the skies. And
proved Copernicus’s
theory!
Galileo Galilei
• He saw the craters of the
moon and even discovered
Jupiter’s four largest
moons.
• They named the group of
them after him. (Galilean
Moons): Io, Europa,
Ganymede, Callisto
Galileo Galilei
• Galileo went against
the church teachings…
Galileo Galilei
• Galileo went against
the church teachings…
• The church put him on
trial.
Galileo Galilei
• Galileo went against
the church teachings…
• The church put him on
trial.
• Galileo was put under
house arrest for the
rest of his life!
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler
• Discovered the elliptical
motion of the planets.
Johannes Kepler
• Discovered the elliptical
motion of the planets.
• Also showed that the
motion conformed to
mathematical formulas.
Isaac Newton
• Was a math genius.
• He wrote the “Law of
Gravity” and
explained how the
planets were held to
their orbits!
Isaac Newton
• Was a math genius.
Law of Gravity
• He wrote the “Law of
Gravity”
and every
Every mass in the universe
attracts
how the
other mass based on its explained
size
planets were held to
their orbits!
Isaac Newton
• He also came up with
the laws of motion
based on his
gravitational
theories.
Isaac Newton
1. Objects at rest, stay at rest.
Objects in motion stay in
motion. Unless there are
other forces.
Isaac Newton
1. Objects at rest, stay at rest.
Objects in motion stay in
motion. Unless there are
other forces.
2. Acceleration is produced
when a force acts on a mass.
The greater the mass the
greater the amount of force
needed.
Isaac Newton
1. Objects at rest, stay at rest.
Objects in motion stay in
motion. Unless there are
other forces.
2. Acceleration is produced
when a force acts on a mass.
The greater the mass the
greater the amount of force
needed.
3. For every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction.
William Harvey
• He was the first to detail
the circulation of the
blood.
William Harvey
• He was the first to detail
the circulation of the
blood.
• He was also the first to
correctly describe it was
the heart that pumped it!
Importance of the Scientific
Revolution
• A new emphasis was placed on reason and the
systematic observation of nature
– What could be seen and tested was important!
Importance of the Scientific
Revolution
• The scientific method of
investigation was
developed during this
time
Importance of the Scientific
Revolution
• 6 steps.
1. Ask a question
2. Do Research
3. Make a guess
(Hypothesis)
4. Test the guess
5. Record your results
6. Decide if you are right
or wrong
Scientific Method
• It was a way to examine the world and find
out how it really works!
Importance of the scientific
revolution
• It led to an expansion of scientific knowledge.
Importance of the scientific
revolution
• It led to an expansion of scientific knowledge.
• The universe was ordered according to natural
laws, not spiritual.
Importance of the scientific
revolution
• It led to an expansion of scientific knowledge.
• The universe was ordered according to natural
laws, not spiritual.
• “De-Spiritualized” and de-mystified the Universe
Importance of the scientific
revolution
• It led to an expansion of scientific knowledge.
• The universe was ordered according to natural
laws, not spiritual.
• “De-Spiritualized” and de-mystified the Universe
• It changed the way people viewed the world and
their place in it.
Essential Questions
What were some new scientific theories and
discoveries?
What were some of the effects of these new
theories?
Review Quiz 1
Scientific Revolution
The process of asking a question, doing
research, forming a hypothesis, and testing to
see if you’re right is known as the –
A Scientific Revolution
B Heliocentric Theory
C Secularism
D Scientific Method
Which group pushed the ideas of the
geocentric theory and jailed those who thought
differently?
A The Enlightened Scientists
B The French Monarchs
C The Catholic Church
D The Italian Government
This diagram best illustrates the discoveries of
A Johannes Kepler
B Galileo Galilei
C Isaac Newton
D William Harvey
What tool did Galileo use to prove the
Heliocentric Theory?
A Oscilloscope
B Microscope
C Periscope
D Telescope
During the Scientific Revolution, what did
scientists rely upon to make discoveries?
A Biblical teachings and faith
B Ancient texts and teachings
C Guesswork and hypothesis
D Reason and observation
Who discovered planetary motion was elliptical
and not perfect circles?
A William Harvey
B Johannes Kepler
C Galileo Galilei
D Isaac Newton
Whose scientific theory is illustrated by this
picture?
A Nicolaus Copernicus
B William Harvey
C Louis Pasteur
D Isaac Newton
Which advancement did NOT occur during the
Scientific Revolution?
A Emphasis on reason and systematic
observation of nature
B Discovering DNA in humans
C Formulation of the scientific method
D Expansion of scientific knowledge
The English scientist Sir Isaac Newton is famous
for the —
A laws of universal gravity
B discovery of blood circulation
C heliocentric theory
D discovery of the atom
The period of invention and discovery during
the Renaissance was known as the —
A Classical Age
B Scientific Revolution
C Reformation
D Humanistic Period