World History, September 25
Entry Task: (next slide)
Announcements:
- You’ll need paper out today for definitions & your yellow
worksheet
- Activity yesterday - let’s review & fill in the blanks
- Bubonic Plague activity moved to Monday (FYI)
RETURN OF THE
KINGS
Discuss: What does
this crown tell us
about royalty in the
middle ages?
Crown - made either under
Otto I or a later ruler in late
Definitions for today (write these down & give room ;)
Magna Carta
Excommunication
(give a few examples of
liberties outlined in this
document)
Interdict
Simony
Lay Investiture
Magna Carta
Life, Liberty, or Property?
(1) the English Church shall be free, and
shall have its rights undiminished, and its
liberties unimpaired.
Life, Liberty, or Property?
(9) Neither we nor our officials will seize any land
or rent in payment of a debt, so long as the
debtor has movable goods sufficient to discharge
the debt.
Life, Liberty, or Property?
(28) No constable or other royal official shall take
corn or other movable goods from any man
without immediate payment, unless the seller
voluntarily offers postponement of this.
Life, Liberty, or Property?
(38) In future no official shall place a man on trial
upon his own unsupported statement, without
producing credible witnesses to the truth of it.
Life, Liberty, or Property?
(39) No free man shall be seized or imprisoned,
or stripped of his rights or possessions, or
outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in
any other way, nor will we proceed with force
against him, or send others to do so, except by
the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of
the land.
Life, Liberty, or Property?
(40) To no one will we sell, to no one deny or
delay right or justice.
Avignon Papacy - 1309-1377
Feud between French King Philip IV and Boniface VIII
- Clergy was taxed in France and England - Boniface threatened
to excommunicate those that taxed the church (Pope seized as a
result - died soon after being freed)
- Philip denied exportation of money from France to Rome
- ESTATES GENERAL called by Philip to control the clergy
7 popes reigned at Avignon; all were French
Lay Investiture
Controversy
The word investiture is derived from Latin,
in vestire, which means dress in robe.
-
Why were
bishops
important?
Examples
-
-
Listening to the plights of all the
priests and clergymen below him;
Levy taxes on the peasants;
Settling of important issues such as
annulment of marriage;
Maintaining an army of his own to
assist the king during war;
Leading his army in the war was
common in the Early Middle Ages
for Bishops;
Take care of the spiritual
soundness of his diocese;
Implement the code of the church
in the diocese;
Take care of the business of the
church in their diocese and
supervise the priests, nuns and
monks in their activities.
Timeline
- Henry IV was excommunicated for usurping the Pope's
authority and appointing his own bishops.
- Nobles threatened to elect a new leader
- Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV trekked across the Alps in
1077 to beg for Pope Gregory VII's forgiveness.
- Three days of kneeling in the snow did the trick (without
food and in a hairshirt)
- But all was not well...
Timeline
- In 1080: Henry IV is excommunicated
again - Pope realizes that the king has
no intention to abide by the new rules.
- Civil War is won by Henry IV; an
ANTI-POPE is appointed (Clement
III).
Pope Gregory VII is
expelled from
Rome and is shown
in exile in Salerno,
on his deathbed.
Henry IV is
sometimes called
the “first
Protestant” for
standing up to the
Pope.
Concordat of Worms - 1122
Generally, the clergy chose bishops and abbots, but the
emperor decided contested elections.
- King - gave secular rights
- Pope - gave spiritual rights
- An important step towards separation of church and state
What was the Outcome of the Investiture Controversy?
As a outcome of this controversy, the role of the
monarch in appointing a Church office was
eliminated. The king could no longer claim that
he had the authority from God to appoint Church
authorities. It also resulted in increased papal
strength.
The Western Schism
1378-1417 - several men claimed to be the POPE.
AVIGNON? or ROME?