SWorld – 17-29 March 2015
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MODERN DIRECTIONS OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED RESEARCHES ‘2015
Статья/Философия и филология − Языковедение и иностранные языки в современном мире
УДК 81 '367.624+81 '373.611
Комлик Ю.О.
ПРИСЛІВНИКИ ЗІ СЛОВОТВІРНИМИ СУФІКСАЛЬНИМИ
ФОРМАНТАМИ -К-, -Н-, -Ц- У СУЧАСНІЙ УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ
ЛІТЕРАТУРНІЙ МОВІ
Полтавський національний технічний університет імені Юрія Кондратюка
кафедра українознавства, культури та документознавства
Полтава, проспект Першотравневий,24
Komlyk J.O.
ADVERBS WITH DERIVATIVE SUFFIXAL FORMANTS -К-, -Н-, -Ц- IN
THE MODERN LITERARY UKRAINIAN
Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University
the Ukrainian Studies and Culture Department
Poltava, Pershotravneva street, 24
Анотація. У статті йдеться про особливості творення лексикограматичного
класу
консонантних
суфіксів.
прислівників
Належна
за
допомогою
увага
однокомпонентних
приділена
дистрибутивним
характеристикам цих суфіксів та їхній продуктивності у складі незамінюваних
повнозначних слів.
Ключові
слова:
суфікс,
консонантний,
дистрибутивний,
фономорфологічний.
Abstract. The article is devoted to peculiar features of forming the lexicogrammatical class of adverbs with the help of single-component consonant suffixes.
Sufficient attention is paid to the distributive characteristics of these suffixes and to
their productiveness within inflexible notional words (contentives).
Keywords: suffix, consonant, phonomorphological, distributional.
The Ukrainian language, as any other one, is a unified integral multi component
signal system, which has been created for centuries, is regulated by its own internal
laws and possesses its own peculiar features. The Ukrainian literary language has
undergone a long way of continuous development and enrichment, accompanied by
setting and polishing literary standards comprehensive for everybody. As a result, the
Ukrainian language has strict phonetic and grammar systems, structured means of
expression. One of its characteristic features at all stages of its formation has been
“continuous change in the parts of speech system, particularly transformation of
words and word forms belonging to other parts of speech into adverbs” [4, p.33].
It’s worth mentioning, that in the Ukrainian linguistics the problem of strict
separation and dividing words into lexico-grammatical classes has been studied
thoroughly enough. Naturally, the adverb, as a “content, inflexible part of speech,
which expresses attributes of action, state, quality and extends the verb’s meaning,
indicating various circumstances under which an action is taking place” [1; p. 948]
has never been out the interests of linguists, among which I.R. Vykhovanets [7],
K.G. Gorodenska [2], I.M. Uzdygan [5], I.K. Chaplya [8], G.M. Yarun [9] and many
others should be mentioned.
In their research works the authors select this lexico-grammatical category as
subject to analyzing semantic and functional characteristics.
Meanwhile, the linguists’ attention is concentrated on studying purely grammar
aspects of these inflexible contentives, whereas the problem of phonomorphological
features of the adverb’s morphemic structure has not been finally clarified yet, thus
causing the topicality of the present study.
Adverbs belong to the lexico-grammatical class of inflexible contentives, which,
possessing no morphological paradigm, are characterized by their morphemic
structure diversity, component and structural patchiness. They have been replenished
for ages due to innovations based on practically all notional parts of speech with the
help of various word-forming elements – prefixes, suffixes and confixes. We define
the confix as “a word-forming element providing the unity of the prefix with other
morphemes (suffix, postfix) simultaneously used in the word formation process” [6,
p. 253].
The most productive elements in the structure of adverbs, in our opinion, are
single-component suffixes correlating with a single phoneme. Therefore, the features
of the most frequently used consonant single-phoneme suffixes (-к-; -н-; ц-) as part
of adverbs were selected the object for analysis in this paper. Therefore, we also drew
our special attention to the distributive characteristics of these suffixal formations. It
was important for us to determine these affixes’ productivity as part of adverbs.
The material for our study was dictionary-handbook by I.T. Yatsenko
“Morpheme Analysis” [3], comprising over a hundred seventeen thousand lexical
units.
By means of the continuous sampling method we have selected and analyzed
445 adverbs, comprising consonant single-phoneme suffixes -к-, -н-, -ц- in their
structure.
Among the determined word formative groups, there is the one, comprising the
derivative suffix –к-, for example: раночком, врозбивку, по-турецькому. We have
selected 270 inflexible notional words comprising the above suffix. It is notable that
suffix –к- is the most frequently used in such models as: «¬ + ͡ + -к- + ^»: завидка,
змалку, по-католицькому (83 cases); «͡
adverbs); «¬ + ͡
+ -к- + ^»: разком, біжка, трішки (59
+ ^+-к- + ^»: зраночку, улітечку, навшпинячки (47 lexemes);
«¬ + ¬ + ͡ + -к- + ^»: внапустку, навперемінку, спросонку (30 words).
It’s worth noting, that the following models occur significantly more seldom:
«
͡
+
^
«¬ + ¬ + ͡
+
-к-
+
^»:
ладочком,
мистецьки,
чутко
(12
examples);
+ ^ +-к- + ^»: неподалечку, безперестанку, врозбивку (10);
«¬ + ͡ + ^ + ^ +-к- + ^»: по-чудернацьки, по-злидняцькому (8).
Sporadically, the following models can be found: «¬ + ͡ + -к- ^ + ^ + ^»:
подейкувано, по-швидкісному, по-батьківськи, по-батьківському (4 examples);
« ͡ + -к- + ^ + ^»: важкенько, їдкувато (2); « ͡
+ ^ + ^ +-к- + ^»: крихточку,
страдницьки, крихіточку (3); «¬ + ͡ + ^ + ^ + ^ +-к- + ^»: по-більшовицьки, по-
більшовицькому (2); «¬ + ͡
+ -к- + ^ + ^»: по-казковому, по-ранковому, по-
святковому (3); « ͡ + ^ + ^ + ^ + -к- + ^»: страждальницьки (1).
In the compound words suffix -к- is used in the following models:
«¬ + ͡
+ ^ +͡
+ -к- + ^»: вдивовижку, по-білоруськи, по-білоруському (3
lexemes); «¬ + ͡
+ ^ +͡
+ ^ +-к- + ^»: всухом’ятку, усухом’ятку (2);
« ͡ + ^ + ͡ + ^ +^ +-к- + ^»: злочинницьки (1).
Suffix -к- the most frequently occurs after breath consonants (175 words: поукраїнськи), less frequently after sonants (53 lexemes: зблизька) and sonorants (42
examples: змалку).
Suffix -н- participates in the formation of 106 adverbs.
It’s of interest, that suffix -н- is the most frequently used in the following two
models: «¬ + ͡
+ -н- + ^»: вручну, дотемна (43 lexemes); «¬ + ͡
+ ^ +-н- + ^»:
надаремне, по-культурному (22 words).
The following models occur significantly more seldom: «¬ + ¬ + ͡
невідворотно, навмисне (6); «¬ + ͡
+ ^ +͡
+-н- + ^»:
+ -н- + ^»: врукопашну, по-
старомодному (5); « ͡ + -н- + ^ + ^»: виднісінько, дерзновенно (5);
«¬ + ͡ + ^ + ^ +-н- + ^»: подейкувано, по-швидкісному (5); «͡ + -н- + ^»: ливнем,
регітно (4); «¬ + ͡ + -н- ^ + ^ + ^»: по-злидняцьки, по-ремісницькому (4);
« ͡ + ^ +-н- + ^ + ^»: даремнісінько, жалібненько (2); « ͡ + ^ + ͡
+-н- + ^»:
ймовірно, самопасно (2); «¬ + ͡ + ^ + ͡ + -н- + ^ + ^ + ^»: по-злочинницьки (2);
«¬ + ¬ + ͡ + -н-»: безперестань (1); «¬ + ͡ +-н-»: уплинь (1); «¬ + ͡ +-н- + ^ + ^»:
обережненько
(1);
«͡
+
-н-
^
+
^
+
^»:
страдницьки
(1);
« ͡ + ^ + ^ +-н- + ^»: провокаційно (1); « ͡ + ^ +-н- ^ + ^ + ^»: страждальницьки
(1).
Suffix -н- most frequently occurs after a sonorant (42 adverbs: дотемна) and a
breath consonant (38 words: напівголосно), much more seldom – after a sonant (22
lexemes: згрізна), in the rarest cases – after a vowel (4 examples: розмірковано).
The total of 69 inflexible words have been selected with suffix -ц-.
The study results testify to the fact, that the most inherent for suffix -ц- is the
position as in the model: «¬ + ͡ + -ц- + ^»: перехильцем, уранці (43 words); more
seldom the next model occurs: « ͡ +-ц- + ^»: сліпцем, одинцем (17).Sometimes the
following models are found: «¬ + ͡ + ^ +-ц- + ^»: видавцем, укупочці (5 лексем);
«¬ + ¬ + ¬ + ͡
+ -ц- + ^»: наздогінці (2); « ͡ + ^ + -ц- + ^»: ливцем (1);
«¬ + ͡ + -ц- ^ + ^ + ^»: по-старцівському (1).
Suffix -ц- after a sonorant is used in 45 cases: потайці, прямцем; after a breath
consonant it is used in 16 words: тихцем, тюпцем; after a sonant – in 8 lexemes:
набігці, видрібцем.
As we can see, studying of just separate derivation formants of the adverb
(suffixes -к-; -н-; -ц-) throws a light on the peculiarities of this lexico-grammatical
category and on its exceptional phono-morphological potential as a meaningful part
of speech.
References
1. Large Definition Dictionary of Modern Ukrainian / editor-in-chief and comp.
V.T. Busel. – Kyiv; Irpin: VTF “Perun”, 2003. – 1440 p.
2. K.G. Gorodenska. Adverb / K.G. Gorodenska // Grammar of the Ukrainian
Language: manual / under the editorship of A.P. Gryshchenko . – Кyiv: Radyanska
Shkola, 1982. – P. 118−123.
3. Morphemic Analysis. Dictionary-handbook in 2 Vol. / comp. I.T. Yatsenko. –
Kyiv: Vyshcha Shkola, 1980 –1981. – 707 p.
4. G.M. Mukan. Morphological Structure and Means of Adverb Formation /
G.M. Mukan // Ukrainian Language and Literature at School. – 1983. − No. 10. –
P. 33 − 37.
5. I.M. Uzdygan. The Adverb / I.M. Uzdygan // Modern Ukrainian Literary
Language: manual / under the editorship of A.P. Gryshchenko. – Kyiv: Vyshcha
Shkola, 2002. – P. 399 – 407.
6. O.O. Taranenko.
Confix
/
O.O. Taranenko
//
Ukrainian
Language.
Encyclopedia / under the editorship of V.M. Rysanivskyi. – Kyiv: encycl., 2000. –
P. 789.
7. Theoretical
Morphology
of
the
Ukrainian
Language:
manual.
/
I.R. Vykhovanets [et alt.]; under the editorship of I.R. Vykhovanets. – Kyiv: Pulsary,
2004. – P. 298 − 324.
8. I.K. Chaplya. Adverb in the Ukrainian Language: manual / I.K. Chaplya. –
Kharkiv: Kharkiv State University, 1960. – 123 p.
9. G.M. Yarun. Correlation between the Form and the Content in the
Development of the Ukrainian Adverbial System: manual. / G.M. Yarun. – Kyiv:
Naukova Dumka, 1993. – 111 p.
Науковий керівник : к.ф.н., доц. Козленко І.В.