Module A Assessment Anchor A.3
Bioenergetics
I.
II.
Identify and describe how organisms obtain and transform energy for their life processes.
a. Compare the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular
respiration.
i. Photosynthesis transforms light energy into chemical energy within the
chloroplast.
1. Light dependent reaction
a. Uses photons (light) and water
b. Creates energy transferring molecules of ATP and NADPH
2. Light independent reaction
a. Uses energy transferring molecules of ATP and NADPH and
carbon dioxide
b. Creates simple sugar (monosaccharide) glucose
c. Also known as the Calvin Cycle
ii. Cellular respiration transforms glucose into more usable energy transferring
molecule (ATP)
1. Glycolysis
a. Occurs in the cytoplasm
b. Breaks glucose in half
c. Releases a small amount of ATP
2. Krebs Cycle
a. Occurs within the mitochondria
b. Uses broken sugar
c. Creates energy transferring molecule NADH and carbon dioxide
3. Electron transport chain
a. Occurs within the mitochondria
b. Uses NADH and oxygen
c. Creates ATP and water
b. Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions.
i. ATP is adenosine triphosphate
ii. It releases energy when a phosphate is removed
iii. ATP is the energy currency of the cell
iv. ATP powers transport pumps, flagella, biochemical reactions and all things that
require energy.
v. ATP is needed in a broader sense in muscle contractions and neural impulse.
Identify and describe the cell structures involved in processing energy.
a. Describe the fundamental roles of plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) and mitochondria in
energy transformations.
i. Chloroplast
1. Thylakoid
a. Internal membrane of the chloroplast
b. Location for the Light dependent reaction occurs
2. Stroma
a. Material between inner-membrane (thylakoid) and external
membrane of the chloroplast.
b. Location for the light independent reaction or Calvin Cycle