Department of Industrial
Design
IDES
232
CHAPTER
3
Spring
By Dr. Munther MOH´D
2010-2011
IDES 232 Structure
Department of Industrial Design
Eastern Mediterranean University
IDES 232
Tectonics: -The science or art of assembling,
shaping, or ornamenting materials in construction.
Tectonics: A whole of :
-Form
-Structural system
-Aesthetics
-Functional operation
STRUCTURAL THOUGHT AND
STUCTURAL SYSTEMS IN Design
Structural Safety
Designer
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND
ARCHITECTURE
The meaning of the structure here is to
giving a form to the Object.
Structural systems can be claffied
according to their load transfering capacity,
form and other geometrical properties.
All of these components of structural
systems are directly related with Designer.
Because the form and geometrical issues of
the Product created by the Designer.
Designer should consider also load transfering
capacity, strenght and stability of buildings beside
aesthtetical, geometrical and functional
considerations.
That is why structure and Designer can not be
considered particularly
STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR
External Load
External Load
Internal force
•External Load
•Internal forces
•Displacements/deformations
Forces Acting on Structures
Forces induced by gravity
Dead Loads
Live Loads
Forces induced by wind
Forces induced by earthquakes
Forces induced by rain/snow
Fluid pressures
Thermal Load
Bouyancy and Upleft
Impact and Collision Load
Others (dynamic load ,..........)
Terminology used in Structure
Force: compression, tension, bending, shear, and torsion
Deformation: Change of form due to the loading of forces
Stress: the force per unit area
Strain: the dimensional change expressed as a fraction (ratio) of the subject’s
original size
Compression,
Tension, Shear,
Bending , Torsion
Tension
Original status
Compression
Shear
Original status
Bending
Original status
Torsion
What happens when an object
is subjected to tension
Note the original
shape of the block
Eventually the object
will break.
As the
force
is applied
The
force
continues
to
the object
and
stretch
andstretches
thin the object
the middle gets thinner
A force is applied
to each end of
the object
Tension
Tensile Failure
• Applied stress that stretches a material
Frayed rope
Most strands already failed
Prior to catastrophic fail
What happens when an object
is subjected to Compression
Note the original
shape of the object
Watch what happens as as force
is applied to each end of the
object
As the object is compressed
The middle
of the
it gets shorter
and wider
Eventually
the
The
centre
the
object
is of
being
object
will
split
object
gets
wider
stretched
Compression
Example
• Applied stress that
squeezes the material
Unstressed Sponge
Sponge in Compression
Compressive Failure
This paper tube was
crushed, leaving an
accordion-like failure
What happens when an object
is subjected to Torsion
If theThe
force
continues
twist
becomes
the
object
will
break
more
defined
as
theapplied
force to
The
A torsion
object
force
begins
is
continues
to twist
the free end
What happens when an object
is subjected to Bending
The object is fixed
to a support at one
end and a force applied
to the free end
As the object bends the
tension in the top of the object
and the
compression
in the bottom
Eventually
the object
increases
will break
due to the
tension and compression
which builds up
Click the mouse to see what happens
What happens when an object
is subjected to Shear
Scissors are a typical example
of the use of a shear force
The
thinning
continues
between
The force
ismaterial
applied
to the
ItThe
eventually
becomes
until….
the
blades
continues
blades
of
the
scissors
two
pieces
As the force
is applied
to
get
thinner
when the
handles
are
closed
the object is deformed
Deformation: Change of form due to the loading of forces
Unstressed Wire
Apply Small Stress
Remove Stress and
Material Returns to
Original Dimensions
Deformation: Change of form due to the loading of forces
Inelastic Material Properties
Bottle Undergoing
Compressive
Stress
Unstressed
Bottle
Inelastic
Response
Relationship Between
Internal Force and Structural Form