Grade 3 SAMPLER
MCAS and Common Core
Mathematics Student Set
Click on the book titles below to navigate.
MCAS Finish Line
MCAS Performance Indicator
Finish Line for the Common Core
State Standards
Contents
Introduction to MCAS Finish Line Mathematics 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Understanding Mathematical Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Unit 1: Number Sense
Lesson 1 Whole Number Place Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Lesson 2 Comparing and Ordering Whole Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Lesson 3 Rounding Whole Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Lesson 4 Fractions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Lesson 5 Mixed Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Lesson 6 Comparing and Ordering Fractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Lesson 7 Number Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Number Sense Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Unit 2: Operations, Part 1
Lesson 1 Operation Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Lesson 2 Adding Whole Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Lesson 3 Subtracting Whole Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Lesson 4 Estimating Sums and Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Operations, Part 1 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Unit 3: Operations, Part 2
Lesson 1 Multiplication and Division Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Lesson 2 Multiplying Whole Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Lesson 3 Adding and Subtracting Fractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Lesson 4 Choosing the Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Operations, Part 2 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Unit 4: Geometry
Lesson 1 Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Lesson 2 Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Lesson 3 Plane Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Lesson 4 Solid Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Lesson 5 Coordinate Grids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Lesson 6 Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Geometry Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Unit 5: Patterns, Relations, and Algebra
Lesson 1 Number Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Lesson 2 Geometric Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Lesson 3 Number Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Lesson 4 Solving Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Patterns, Relations, and Algebra Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Unit 6: Measurement
Lesson 1 Customary Units of Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Lesson 2 Metric Units of Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Lesson 3 Measurement Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Lesson 4 Weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Lesson 5 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Lesson 6 Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Lesson 7 Perimeter and Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Measurement Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Unit 7: Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability
Lesson 1 Tables and Tallies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Lesson 2 Line Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Lesson 3 Bar Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Lesson 4 Pictographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Lesson 5 Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
LESSON
2
Comparing and Ordering
Whole Numbers
Indicators
,
3.N.1, 2
To compare or order whole numbers, look at the digits in the
same places, starting on the left.
Beth has 2,391 pennies in a jar. Barry has 2,394 pennies in
a jar. Who has more pennies?
First, line up the numbers. Look at the thousands.
2,391
2,394
The thousands are the same. So look at the hundreds.
2,391
2,394
The hundreds are the same. So look at the tens.
2,391
2,394
Remember—
The symbol ⬍ means “is
less than.”
78 ⬍ 82
The symbol ⬎ means “is
greater than.”
132 ⬎ 107
The symbol always
points towards the
smaller number.
200 ⬍ 400
400 ⬎ 200
64 ⬎ 18
18 ⬍ 64
The tens are the same. So look at the ones.
2,391
2,394
Only the ones digits are different: 4 is greater than 1.
2,394 ⬎ 2,391
So Barry has more pennies than Beth.
Unit 1
17
Number Sense
© The Continental Press, Inc. Do not duplicate.
Read each problem. Circle the letter of the best answer.
1 Which number goes in the box to make
this number sentence true?
5 In which number does the tens digit have
the least value?
䊐 ⬎ 47
A
1,325
A
38
C
47
B
5,213
B
46
D
54
C
2,531
D
3,152
The correct answer is D. The symbol ⬎
means “is greater than.” So you need to find
a number that is greater than 47. Choices A
and B are less than 47. Choice C is equal to
47. Only choice D is greater than 47.
2 In which number does the 8 have the
greatest value?
A
3,842
C
2,384
B
8,324
D
4,238
6 Which of these number sentences is true?
A
1,502 ⬍ 1,299
B
2,313 ⬎ 2,483
C
9,600 ⬍ 6,800
D
4,289 ⬎ 4,279
7 This picture shows the number of shells
three friends collected at the seashore.
3 On Monday, 226 students ate in the
lunchroom. On Tuesday, 213 students ate
in the lunchroom. On Wednesday, the
number who ate in the lunchroom was
greater than on Tuesday but less than on
Monday. How many students could have
eaten there on Wednesday?
Which statement is true?
A
158
C
232
A
B
220
D
291
Lisa has more shells than Marco but
fewer than Frank.
B
Frank has fewer shells than Marco but
more than Lisa.
C
Lisa has more shells than Frank but
fewer than Marco.
D
Marco has fewer shells than Frank but
more than Lisa.
4 Which group shows numbers in order from
greatest to least?
A
32, 29, 46
B
18, 21, 62
C
85, 72, 51
D
44, 62, 57
Frank
Lisa
Marco
75 shells
69 shells
57 shells
18
Unit 1
© The Continental Press, Inc. Do not duplicate.
Number Sense
Read each problem. Write your answers.
8 Jane has three jars of pennies. The first jar has 347 pennies. The
second jar has 359 pennies. The third jar has 328 pennies. Write the
number of pennies in order, from greatest to least.
359, 347, 328
Answer: ________________________
All three jars have more than 300 pennies and less than 400 pennies. Since the digits in the
hundreds places are the same, look at the digits in the tens and ones places to figure out
which number is greatest. Since 5 tens is greater than 4 tens, jar 2 has the greatest number
of pennies, 359. Jar 1, with 347 pennies, is the second greatest because 4 tens is greater than
2 tens. The jar with the least number of pennies is jar 3 with 328.
9 This table shows the populations of four towns in Massachusetts in
2000.
TOWN
POPULATION
Eastham
5,622
Mendon
5,761
Rowley
5,720
Southampton
5,772
Which town had the most people?
Answer: ____________________________________
10 What symbol goes in the box to make this number sentence true?
621 䊐 642
Answer: ____________
11 Every weekday, the number of vehicles that cross a certain bridge is
more than 6,000 but less than 7,000. Write a number that could be
the number of vehicles that cross the bridge on a weekday.
Answer: ________________________
Unit 1
19
Number Sense
© The Continental Press, Inc. Do not duplicate.
Read the problem. Write your answer for each part.
12 Hal pulled these digits from a bag.
0 1 4 5
a. What is the largest 4-digit number Hal can make with these
digits? Explain how you know your answer is correct.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Ask Yourself
Which digit has the
greatest value? Which
place has the greatest
value?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b. What is the smallest 4-digit number Hal can make with these
digits? Explain how you know your answer is correct.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
c. Using the digits above, write a 4-digit number that is between the
numbers for parts a and b.
Answer: ______________________
20
Unit 1
© The Continental Press, Inc. Do not duplicate.
Number Sense
5
Maggie went for a hike. She saw these animals.
Which tally chart shows how many deer, squirrels, and birds she
saw?
A
Deer
Squirrels
Birds
B
Deer
Squirrels
Birds
6
///
//// //
////
C
////
//// /
////
D
Deer
Squirrels
Birds
Deer
Squirrels
Birds
///
//// //
//// /
///
//// /
//// //
Sam’s family drove 516 kilometers from Boston to Philadelphia.
What is 516 rounded to the nearest hundred?
A 500
B 510
C 520
D 600
7
Which unit is used to measure distance?
A kilogram
B kilometer
C liter
D minute
Session One
5
© The Continental Press, Inc. Do not duplicate.
Go On
➧
25 How much would it cost to buy all three
Use your inch ruler to answer question 23.
fish?
$2.00
23 What is the perimeter of this rectangle?
$3.50
$3.25
A $8.25
A 2 inches
B $8.75
B 3 inches
C $9.25
C 5 inches
D $9.75
D 6 inches
26 A playground is 60 feet across. How
many yards is that?
24 There are 24 CDs on a shelf. Each CD
has 12 songs. Which number sentence
tells the total number of songs?
A 20
B 30
A 24 ⫹ 12 ⫽ 䊐
C 120
B 24 ⫺ 12 ⫽ 䊐
D 180
C 24 ⫻ 12 ⫽ 䊐
D 24 ⫼ 12 ⫽ 䊐
Session Two
15
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Go On
➧
Table of Contents
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 5
Unit 1 Understanding Multiplication and Division .......................................... 7
3.OA.1
3.OA.2
3.OA.7
3.OA.4, 3.OA.6
3.OA.5
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Review
Meaning of Multiplication ...................................... 8
Meaning of Division .............................................. 12
Multiplication and Division Facts.......................... 16
Multiplication and Division Number Sentences...20
Multiplication Properties....................................... 24
Understanding Multiplication and Division ......... 28
Unit 2 Using Arithmetic.................................................................................... 31
3.NBT.2
3.NBT.2
3.NBT.3
3.NBT.1
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Review
Adding Whole Numbers ........................................ 32
Subtracting Whole Numbers ................................. 36
Multiplying by Multiples of Ten ...........................40
Rounding ................................................................44
Using Arithmetic ....................................................48
Unit 3 Solving Problems ................................................................................... 51
3.OA.8
3.OA.3
3.OA.8
3.OA.9
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Review
Representing Word Problems ............................... 52
Solving One-Step Word Problems......................... 56
Solving Two-Step Word Problems.........................60
Arithmetic Patterns................................................64
Solving Problems.................................................... 68
Unit 4 Fractions ................................................................................................. 71
3.NF.1
3.NF.2.a, b
3.NF.3.a, b, c
3.NF.3.d
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Review
Fractions ................................................................. 72
Fractions on Number Lines.................................... 76
Equivalent Fractions ..............................................80
Comparing Fractions..............................................84
Fractions .................................................................88
Unit 5 Measurement ......................................................................................... 91
3.MD.1
3.MD.1
3.MD.4
3.MD.2
3.MD.2
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Review
Time ........................................................................92
Elapsed Time .......................................................... 96
Customary Units of Length ................................ 100
Metric Units of Mass ........................................... 104
Metric Units of Capacity ..................................... 108
Measurement ....................................................... 112
Unit 6 Tables and Graphs ............................................................................... 115
3.MD.3
3.MD.3
3.MD.4
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Review
Bar Graphs ............................................................ 116
Pictographs ...........................................................120
Line Plots .............................................................. 124
Tables and Graphs................................................128
Unit 7 Area and Perimeter ............................................................................. 131
3.MD.5.a, b; 3.MD.6
3.MD.7.a, b
3.MD.7.c, d
3.MD.8
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Review
Area ......................................................................132
Area of Rectangles...............................................136
More About Area................................................ 140
Perimeter ............................................................. 144
Area and Perimeter .............................................148
Unit 8 Geometric Shapes................................................................................ 151
3.G.1
3.G.1
3.G.2
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Review
Plane Figures ........................................................ 152
Quadrilaterals ......................................................156
Partitioning Shapes..............................................160
Geometric Shapes ............................................... 164
Practice Test ..................................................................................... 167
Glossary .......................................................................................... 179
LESSON
4
cation and Divis
i
l
p
i
t
l
u
M
ion
Number Sentences
A fact family is
always made up of the
same three numbers.
3.OA.4, 3.OA.6
Multiplication and division are inverse operations. This means the
two operations do the opposite of each other. Multiplication puts
groups together. Division separates things into groups. A fact family
shows the multiplication and division number sentences for three
numbers.
This is the fact family for 3, 5, and 15.
3 5 15
5 3 15
15 3 5
15 5 3
Use your knowledge of fact families to find a missing number in a
multiplication or division number sentence.
What number is missing in this number sentence?
4 U 24
Write a division fact that is in the same fact family: 24 4 U
Think of division as a
multiplication sentence
with a missing factor.
Use your knowledge of
multiplication facts to
find the missing factor.
Then you have the
answer to the division
problem.
35 5 U
Think: What number
times 5 equals 35?
Find the quotient of the division fact: 24 4 6
So, 4 6 24. The missing number is 6.
What number is missing in this number sentence?
49 7 U
Write a multiplication fact in the same fact family: 7 U 49
Ask yourself, “What number times 7 equals 49?”
Since 7 7 49, 49 7 7.
The missing number is 7.
5 7 35
So, 35 5 7.
20
UNIT 1
Understanding Multiplication and Division
© The Continental Press, Inc. DUPLICATING THIS MATERIAL IS ILLEGAL.
Read each problem. Circle the letter of the best answer.
SAMPLE What number goes in the box to make this number sentence true?
27 U 9
A
3
C 9
B
6
D 18
The correct answer is A. Think of the number sentence as
9 U 27. Use your knowledge of multiplication facts to find
the missing factor: 9 3 27. So, 27 3 9.
1 What in the missing number?
5 What number is missing in this number
sentence?
4U0
A
4
C
1
B
2
D
0
2 U 14
A
4
C
10
B
7
D
12
2 Which multiplication sentence can help you
6 Which number makes both number
find 12 3?
A
6 U 12
C
3 U 15
B
3 U 12
D
2 U 12
3 Find the missing number.
sentences true?
5 U 30
30 5 U
A
2
C
7
B
6
D
10
80 U 8
A
2
C
8
B
4
D
10
7 What number sentence is missing from this
fact family?
4 8 32
8 4 32
32 4 8
?
4 Which fact is in the fact family for 2, 5,
and 10?
A
50 5 10
C
5 2 10
B
10 5 50
D
10 2 20
A
32 8 24
C
32 8 4
B
4 8 12
D
32 2 16
UNIT 1
Understanding Multiplication and Division
© The Continental Press, Inc. DUPLICATING THIS MATERIAL IS ILLEGAL.
21
Read each problem. Write your answer.
SAMPLE Find the missing number.
16 U 8
Answer ____________
The multiplication fact 2 8 16 tells you that 16 2 8. The
missing number is 2.
8 What number is missing in this number sentence?
5 U 25
Answer ____________
9 Write the fact family for 7, 9, and 63.
Answer __________________________________________________________________________
10 Find the missing number.
42 U 6
Answer ____________
11 Is 3 6 18 part of the fact family for 3, 4, and 12? Explain.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
12 Explain how you can use 6 9 54 to find 54 9.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
22
UNIT 1
Understanding Multiplication and Division
© The Continental Press, Inc. DUPLICATING THIS MATERIAL IS ILLEGAL.
Read the problem. Write your answer to each part.
13 An array can model a multiplication sentence as well as a division
sentence.
Part A Draw an array for 5 9 45. Write the rest of the fact
family with one multiplication sentence and two division
sentences.
Answer _________________________________________________________________
Part B In a fact family, what happens to the quotient in a division
fact when it is written as a multiplication fact?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Look at the
facts you wrote
for part A. How
are the numbers
rearranged?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
UNIT 1
Understanding Multiplication and Division
© The Continental Press, Inc. DUPLICATING THIS MATERIAL IS ILLEGAL.
23