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md Xcaflmjmew 0XY7c14 Xfc Rcrfcpj_lbq6 Lc u_q Zgqgrgle
Tpmdcqqmp gl rfc Wafmmj md Gfckga_j4 Fgmjmega_j _lb Q_rcpg_jq
Ileglccpgle _r rfc Ylgtcpqgrw md Sij_fmk_ 0YWE1 _lb gl
rfc Hcn_prkclr md Gfckga_j . Iltgpmlkclr_j Ileglccpgle
_r rfc Ylgtcpqgb_b md ^_p_emx_ 0Wn_gl16 Lc u_q _u_pbcb _l
EGW dcjjmu 09AA?1 _lb Jsj`pgefr Jcjjmu 09AAA16 Lc f_q `ccl
gltmjtcb gl pcqc_paf ml G_r_jwqgq _lb Q_rcpg_jq Wagclac dmp
kmpc rf_l 9= wc_pq6
Lgq pcqc_paf glrcpcqr gq gl rfc _pc_ md fcrcpmeclcmsq a_r_jwqgq
_lb rfc em_j md fgq pcqc_paf gq rm slbcpqr_lb rfc pcj_rgmlqfgn
`cruccl rfc a_r_jwrga ncpdmpk_lac _lb rfc kgapmqamnga
qrpsarspc _lb amknmqgrgml md a_r_jwrga k_rcpg_jq6
Gf Vi K_cY^iWc
k|z s |n x x q j n y n s q |\ h y p * } ~ | u n w
buz~qotyzwzs- Z,qr ^ a{|uw _]]`[
Hp [s Nglafs_l gq _ Wclgmp Wagclrgqr _lb
Tpmep_kkc Q_l_ecp md rfc Mlbsqrpg_j
Fgmrcaflmjmew 0MF1 epmsn6 Lc pcacgtcb
fgq TfHygl `gmafckga_j cleglccpgle
dpmk Xg_lhgl Ylgtcpqgrw 0Gfgl_1 gl 9AA< _lb umpicb gl rfc
J_asjrwymd Ileglccpgle4yO_l_x_u_ Ylgtcpqgrw 0N_n_l14 _q _l
Eqqmag_rc Tpmdcqqmp dpmk 9AA@5:888 _lb gl rfc Wafmmj md
Gfckga_j Ileglccpgle _lb Xcaflmjmew4yXg_lhgl Ylgtcpqgrw4
_q _ dsjj Tpmdcqqmp `cdmpc fc hmglcb MGIW gl :88:6
Lc qnclr < kmlrfq 0dpmk Esesqr rm Rmtck`cp :88?1 gl rfc
Fgmrcaflmjmew Vcqc_paf Gclrpc md Xmw_k_ Tpcdcarsp_j
Ylgtcpqgrw 0XTY1 gl N_n_l rm m`r_gl dgpqr5f_lb j_`mp_rmpw
cvncpgclac gl kmbcpl glbsqrpg_j `gmrcaflmjmew6
Lgq asppclr pcqc_paf glrcpcqrq glajsbc `gmk_qq rm dscjq _lb
afckga_jq4 kgapm`g_j qapcclgle _lb dcpkclr_rgml4 clxwkc
kmbgdga_rgml _lb bgpcarcb ctmjsrgml4 clxwkc a_r_jwqgq gl
lml5amltclrgml_j kcbg_ _lb `gmnpmacqq cleglccpgle6y
Lc f_q mtcp ?8 ns`jga_rgmlq gl nccp5pctgcucb glrcpl_rgml_j
hmspl_jq _lb =yn_rclrq cgrfcp ep_lrcb mp dgjcb6yEqy_ `gmnpmacqq
cleglccp4yfgq bpc_k gq rm cqr_`jgqfyqctcp_j bckmlqrp_rgml
npmhcarq mdyamkkcpag_jgq_rgml nmrclrg_j dmpynpmbsargml md
dscjq _lb afckga_jq dpmk pclcu_`jc pcqmspacqygl rfc amkgle
=598 wc_pq6 Slc npmhcar slbcp amlqgbcp_rgml dmp
bckmlqrp_rgml gq rfc glrcep_rcbynpmbsargml md `gmbgcqcj
_lb `gme_q dpmk apsbcyd_rq _lb mgjq `w k_igle sqc md
rfcyrcaflmjmegcq gltclrcb `w rfc MF epmsn6y
yyyyyyyyy
Qfd\[ggdf QWia S^WffWhh
k|zs|nxxq jnynsq|\ k|zoq}} louqyoq nyp
jzpqwwuys Z,qr ^ a*s*}~ _]]`[
Tpmdcqqmp T_sj Wf_pp_rr gqy_ Tpglagn_j
Wagclrgqr _r MGIW _lb pcaclrjw `ca_kc rfc
Tpmep_kkc Q_l_ecp md rfc Tpmacqq
Wagclac _lb Qmbcjjgle epmsn6 Jmjjmugle
_ dgpqr bcepcc gl G_k`pgbec4yfc u_q _u_pbcb _ TfH dmp umpi
gl a_r_jwrga pc_argml cleglccpgle 09A@?1 dpmk YQMWX 0lmu
rfc Ylgtcpqgrw md Q_lafcqrcp16 Lc rfcl qnclr < wc_pq umpigle
dmp Mkncpg_j Gfckga_j Mlbsqrpgcq _q _ npmacqq cleglccp4
e_glgle cvncpgclac gl pcqc_paf4 bctcjmnkclr4 bcqgel _lb
mncp_rgml gl k_lsd_arspc md _epmafckga_jq _lb mrfcp jmu
rmll_ec 0`_raf1 npmbsarq6yLc pcrsplcb rmyYQMWX gl 9AA9
_lb u_q npmkmrcb rm _ dsjj Gf_gp gl :8896yLc u_q _u_pbcb
_ Vmw_j Ea_bckw md Ileglccpgle 7 ITWVG Gf_gp gl Mllmt_rgtc
FR HK IRQVNQWKJ RQ QKXV SGMK
BRQVNQWKJ LTRP SGMK @
Q_lsd_arspgle dmp rfc ncpgmb :8895> dmp umpi gl qsnnmpr
md gllmt_rgml gl rfc nf_pk_acsrga_j _lb afckga_j glbsqrpgcq6
Lc pcr_glq _l fmlmp_pw af_gp gl Q_lafcqrcp4 _lb _jqm fmjbq
mlc gl rfc Ylgtcpqgb_b Q_hmp bc W_l Q_pamq gl Pgk_4 Tcps6
y
Lgqypcqc_paf glrcpcqrq jgc gl npmacqq bctcjmnkclr4 gllmt_rgml
_lb ilmujcbec k_l_eckclr 5 jmmigle _r u_wq rm bctcjmn
`crrcp npmbsarq _lb npmacqqcq rfpmsef glrcpbgqagnjgl_pw
umpi _lb rfc _nnjga_rgml md emmb qagclac6 Lc clhmwq umpigle
_apmqq rfc `sqglcqq7rcaflmjmew glrcpd_ac _lb qccgle fgq
umpi `cgle ngaicb sn _lb sqcb `w glbsqrpw 5 dmp cv_knjc
rfc npmacqq slbcpqr_lbgle kcrfmbq fc bctcjmncb ugrf rfc
FVMXIWX mpe_lgq_rgml rf_r _pc lmu ugbcjw sqcb gl rfc
nf_pk_acsrga_j glbsqrpw6
Lc nj_lq rm cqr_`jgqf MGIW _q _ umpjb5pclmulcb aclrpc dmp
nf_pk_acsrga_j npmacqqgle pcqc_paf _lb gllmt_rgml4 _lb
kmpc eclcp_jjw rm `sgjb rfc pcnsr_rgml md MGIW _q _ rmn
pcqc_paf mpe_lgq_rgml gl afckga_jy_lb cleglccpgle qagclacq6
DggdY_Wh[ Qfd\[ggdf K[\\f[l PXXWfZ
k|zs|nxxq jnynsq|\ buzqyq|s- Z,qr ^
a*s*}~ _]]`[
y
Hp Ncdd S``_pb gqy_l Eqqmag_rc Tpmdcqqmp
gl rfc Hgtgqgml md Iltgpmlkclr_j
Wagclac . Ileglccpgle4 R_rgml_j
Ylgtcpqgrw md Wgle_nmpc _lbyfmjbq _
hmglr _nnmglrkclr ugrf rfc Xpmnga_j
Q_pglc Wagclac Mlqrgrsrc 0XQWM1 _q _l Eqqmag_rc Hgpcarmp6
y
Itclr Lgefjgefrq
\ncpgkclr,8@
9= 5 9? Esesqr :88@
Wagclac68@ u_q j_slafcb _r \5ncpgkclr, ml 9= Esesqr _r
Q_pgl_ Wos_pc Gclrp_j Erpgsk6Xfgq l_rgml_j ctclr4 mpe_lgqcb
`w E2WXEV _lb rfc Wgle_nmpc Wagclac Gclrpc4 _gkq rm
npmkmrc qagclac4 rcaflmjmew _lb `gmkcbgaglc rm
npmdcqqgml_jq4 qrsbclrq _lb rfc eclcp_j ns`jga6 Mr gq _ kmlrf5
jmle qcpgcq md ctclrq rf_r clamsp_ec qagclrgdga bgqamtcpw4
rcaflga_j gllmt_rgml _lb `gmkcbga_j _u_pclcqq6 w~67
.359~5,p 7/- 6+0-2+- 3. 64--, u_q afmqcl _q rfc rfckc dmp
rfgq wc_p/q Wagclac68@6
MGIW n_prgagn_rcb gl rfgq wc_pjw ctclr `w qfmua_qgle rfc
Ilxwk_rga Tpmbsargml md Fgmbgcqcj _lb rfc Fcjmsqmt5
^f_`mrglqigg Vc_argml cvncpgkclrq6 Xfc Kscqr md Lmlmsp md
>
Lc f_q _l cvrclqgtc cvncpgclac gl cltgpmlkclr_j _lb u_rcp
rcaflmjmegcq4 _lb amknjcrcb fgq TfH gl cltgpmlkclr_j
kgapm`gmjmew qnmlqmpcb `w rfc Ylgrcb Oglebmk [_rcp
Vcqc_paf Gclrpc6y Lgq pcqc_paf glrcpcqrq glajsbcB
* Fgmdscj dccbqrmai bctcjmnkclr 0n_prgasj_pjw dpmk k_pglc
_je_c1 _lb `gma_r_jwqgq dmp rp_lqcqrcpgdga_rgml dmp `gmbgcqcj
npmbsargml6
* Fgmpckcbg_rgml md mgj qngjj_ecq _lb pca_jagrp_lr TELq
* Eaasksj_rgml md TSTq gl `gmr_ _lb fsk_l rgqqscq
* Iamrmvgamjmew . Iltgpmlkclr_j Mkn_ar Eqqcqqkclr6
Lc _jqm fmjbq t_pgmsq npmdcqqgml_j qcptgac nmqrq4 glajsbgleB
* Xcaflga_j Eqqcqqmp4 Wgle_nmpc Eaapcbgr_rgml Gmslagj dmp
_aapcbgr_rgml md cltgpmlkclr_j rcqrgle gl _l_jwrga_j
j_`mp_rmpgcq gl Wgle_nmpc
* Fm_pb Qck`cp . Eqqmag_rc Ibgrmp4 Iltgpmlkclr_j
Kcmafckgqrpw _lb Lc_jrf 0Wnpglecp Tpcqq1
* Fm_pb Qck`cp . Eqqmag_rc Ibgrmp4 Iltgpmlkclr_j
Mlrcpl_rgml_j 0Ijqctgcp Ts`jgqfcpq1
* Eqqmag_rc Ibgrmp4 Nmspl_j md Iltgpmlkclr_j Us_jgrw
0Ekcpga_l Eepmlmkw Wmagcrw16
y
Lc gq _argtcygl Wagclac _lb Ileglccpgle amlqsjr_law
npmhcarq dmp rfc npgt_rc qcarmp gl Wgle_nmpc _lb rfc Eqg_5
T_agdga pcegml4 _lb f_q _ p_lec md pgqi . _qqcqqkclr
cvncpgclac6
?
rfc ctclr4 Qq Kp_ac Js4 Wclgmp Qglgqrcp md Wr_rc dmp Qglgqrpw
md R_rgml_j Hctcjmnkclr _lb Qglgqrpw md Ibsa_rgml4
_aamkn_lgcb `w Hp Gfcu Xs_l Gfgmle4 Gfgcd Ivcasrgtc md
rfc Wgle_nmpc Wagclac Gclrpc tgqgrcb msp `mmrf ml rfc
mnclgle b_w6
Xfc mqagjj_rgml pc_argml cvncpgkclr q_u _ amlqr_lr
apmub rfc clrgpc ucciclb ufgaf _rrp_arcb k_lw wmsle
n_prgagn_lrq4 ufgjc rfc _bsjrq _lb mtcpqc_q tgqgrmpq ucpc
aspgmsq rm i lmu kmpc _`msr rfc npmbsargml md
`gmbgcqcj6
Nspmle Mqj_lb Sncl Lmsqc
;8 Esesqr :88@
MGIW fmqrcb _ tgqgr `w qmkc =:8 ncmnjc dpmk RYW4 RXY4
Wgle_nmpc Tmjw4 Recc Ell Tmjw4 Vcns`jga Tmjw4 Xck_qci
Tmjw4 R_lw_le Tmjw _lb Mlqrgrsrc md Xcaflga_j Ibsa_rgml
ml ;8 Esesqr :88@6
Xfgq ctclr u_q n_pr md rfc Gfckga_j Mlbsqrpw|q dgpqr Sncl
H_w ml Nspmle Mqj_lb4 _l ctclr mpe_lgqcb `w rfc Gfckga_j
Mlbsqrpw Q_lnmucp Ebtgqmpw Gmkkgrrcc 0GLMQEG14
Wgle_nmpc Gfckga_j Mlbsqrpw Gmslagj 0WGMG1 _lb qsnnmprcb
`w IHF Wgle_nmpc4 NXG Gmpnmp_rgml _lb MGIW6
[c rmmi rfgq mnnmprslgrw rm glrpmbsac MGIW4
ml fmu uc qr_prcb _lb fmu uc ctmjtc qglac
msp glacnrgml gl :88:6 [c `pgcdcb rfck ml
rfc pcqc_paf _argtgrgcq uc _pc bmgle4 rfc
_t_gj_`jc a_pccp mnnmprslgrgcq4 _q ucjj _q
`pmsefr rfck rm rmsp msp j_`q _lb d_agjgrgcq6
Hspgle rfgq ctclr4 IHF _jqm e_tc rfck _l
mtcptgcu md rfc afckga_j glbsqrpw gl
Wgle_nmpc4 _lb _jmle ugrf qmkc glbsqrpw
tmjslrccpq4 rfcw fcjncb sq gl k_l_egle rfc
apmub bspgle rfgq ctclr6
Xfc ctclr u_q _ qsaacqq6 Mr u_q rfc dgpqr rgkc
uc ctcp fmqrcb qsaf _ `ge apmub _r mlc
rgkc6
Sncl Lmsqc
9: Wcnrck`cp :88@
Fcqgbcq n_prgagn_rgle gl \ncpgkclr,8@4 MGIW _jqm ucjamkcb
tgqgrmpq rm msp Mlqrgrsrc bspgle rfc qagclac kmlrf6 Ml rfgq
wc_p|q Sncl Lmsqc4 uc fmqrcb _pmslb ;A ncmnjc4 kmqr md
rfck `cgle qrsbclrq dpmk rfc jma_j hslgmp amjjcecq _lb
qcamlb_pw qafmmjq6
[c `pmsefr rfck rm tgqgr rfc Nspmle Mqj_lb Gfckga_j K_jjcpw
`cdmpc `pglegle rfck rm MGIW ufcpc uc qfmucb rfck msp
j_`q _lb d_agjgrgcq6 [c qfmua_qcb rfc gac apc_k _lb qjgkc
k_igle cvncpgkclrq _e_gl rfgq rgkc _q rfcw ucpc tcpw
nmnsj_p _lb ucjj pcacgtcb j_qr wc_p6 Xfc ctclr u_q mlac
_e_gl npmtcl rm `c _l cvagrgle _lb qsaacqqdsj mlc6
Ibgrmpg_j Fm_pb
DZj_gdf
Hp Ocgrf G_pnclrcp
Hg_jmesc ugrf Hgqrglesgqfcb Wagclrgqrq
:: Wcnrck`cp :88@
}Hg_jmesc ugrf Hgqrglesgqfcb Wagclrgqrq~ gq _ qcpgcq md r_jiq hmglrjw
mpe_lgqcb `w MGIW _lb V_ddjcq Nslgmp Gmjjcec 0VNG1 ufcpc`w afckgqrpw
qrsbclrq umsjb f_tc rfc mnnmprslgrw rm amkc sn ajmqc _lb ncpqml_j
ugrf ckglclr afckgqrq6
Tpmdcqqmp OG Rgamj_ms u_q rfc gl_sesp_j qagclrgqr dmp rfc qcpgcq6 Lc e_tc
_ r_ji ml }Qmjcasjcq rf_r Gf_lecb rfc [mpjb~ _r VNG ml :: Wcnrck`cp
:88@6 Lgq jcarspc u_q npcqclrcb gl _ amjmspdsj qrwjc ufgaf _gkcb rm
npmtgbc glqgefrq _`msr rfc pmjc md afckgqrpw gl qmagcrw gl eclcp_j _lb
fmu afckga_j qwlrfcqgq4 rfc _pr _lb qagclac md amlqrpsargle l_rsp_j _lb
bcqgelcb kmjcasjcq4 gl n_prgasj_p4 qf_ncb _lb amlrglscq rm qf_nc msp
umpjb6 Lgq jcarspc _jqm rmsafcb snml d_qagl_rgle r_jcq _`msr kmjcasjcq
_lb rfcgp npcqclac gl4 _kmle k_lw grckq4 dmmb4 ncpdskcq4 bwcq4 fgef
rcaf k_rcpg_jq4 rcvrgjcq4 tgr_kglq4 lsrpgrgml_j qsnnjckclrq4 ncqrgagbcq4
glqcargagbcq4 _lb _`mtc _jj4 kcbgaglcq6
F^_[\ HZ_hdf
Qq Lcp_ Eb_k
N[bX[fg
Hp Ele Xfg_k Tcle
Qq W_llw Mle
Qq [_l Rsp L_l_lg Frc Vmfk_l
Xfc ctclr u_q _rrclbcb `w
qmkc @8 n_prgagn_lrq4 k_gljw
qrsbclrq _lb rc_afcpq dpmk
rfc jma_j NGq4 _q ucjj _q
pcnpcqclr_rgtcq dpmk E2WXEV6
Ml amjj_`mp_rgml ugrf VNG4 MGIW
ugjj `c mpe_lgqgle rfgq
bg_jmesc qcqqgml ml _
os_prcpjw `_qgq6
DXdih Qfd\[ggdf LF O_YdaWdi
Tpmdcqqmp OG Rgamj_ms gq rfc Gf_gpk_l md
Hcn_prkclr md Gfckgqrpw4 rfc Wi_eeq
Tpmdcqqmp md Gfckga_j Fgmjmew4 rfc H_pjclc
Wfgjcw Gf_gp gl Gfckgqrpw4 Wapgnnq Vcqc_paf
Mlqrgrsrc4 G_jgdmplg_4 _lb Tpmdcqqmp md
Gfckgqrpw4 Ylgtcpqgrw md G_jgdmplg_4 W_l
Hgcem6
Ynamkgle Itclrq
P\m 5 E^\ :88?
[fcl
R_kc md Itclr
Zclsc
9> Sar
YO5Wgle_nmpc Wwknmqgsk gl
Qcbgagl_j Gfckgqrpw
Fgmnmjgq
9? Sar
Jsqgmlmnmjgq Snclgle Gcpckmlw
Jsqgmlmnmjgq
:85:: Sar
MGIW Wagclrgdga Ebtgqmpw Fm_pb Qccrgle
MGIW
;8 Sar
Fgmdmsjgle [mpiqfmn
Fgmnmjgq
:8 Rmt
Gpmqq VM Sncl Lmsqc
MGIW
[fcl
Zgqgrgle Tpmdcqqmp
Vcqc_paf Kpmsn
9=59@ Sar
Tpmdcqqmp Eigp_ Wsxsig4 Lmii_gbm4 N_n_l
EG
9>5:< Sar
Tpmdcqqmp Fpg_l Lc_rml4
Ylgtcpqgrw md Pgtcpnmmj4 YO
TWQ
;85;9 Sar
Tpmdcqqmp Nmfl Hmbbq4
Iamjc bcq Qglcq b/Ej`g4 Jp_lac
GTW
:<5:? Rmt
Tpmdcqqmp Tcrcp Q_rwsq4
Wckkcjucgq Ylgtcpqgrw4 Lsle_pw
RWXE
:<5:? Rmt
Tpmdcqqmp Fc_r_ Wncpj_ef4 Mlqrgrsrc md
Ivncpgkclr_j Qcbgaglc4 Lsle_pw
RWXE
:< Rmt5; Hca
Tpmdcqqmp Fpg_l Gmv4 Eqrp_ ^clca_4 YO
RWXE
Jcgh_hih[ d\ F^[b_YWa WcZ
Hc]_c[[f_c] SY_[cY[g
9 Tcqci Vm_b4 Nspmle Mqj_lb
Wgle_nmpc >:?@;;
XcjB 3>= >?A> ;?88
J_vB 3>= >@?; <@8=
uuu6gacq6_5qr_p6cbs6qe
Jmp closgpgcq4 njc_qc amlr_arB
glqgrsDgacq6_5qr_p6cbs6qe
02 6078 gq ns`jgqfcb `w rfc Mlqrgrsrc md Gfckga_j _lb
Ileglccpgle Wagclacq 0MGIW16
Vcnpmbsargml md k_rcpg_j gl rfgq ns`jga_rgml ugrfmsr upgrrcl
ncpkgqqgml dpmk MGIW gq npmfg`grcb6
Tpglrcb . Hcqgelcb `w Sarmep_k Tpcqq Trc Prb
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