The Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building is the government
headquarters for cities and towns in the Tokyo prefecture.
2
Using Have
in Sentences
What Do You KnoW?
DiSCUSS Look at the photo and read the caption. Discuss the questions.
1. What famous government buildings does your capital city have?
2. Describe a building in your town or city that you like.
FinD tHE ERRORS This paragraph contains two errors with the verb have. Find the errors
and correct them. Explain your corrections to a partner.
COMPARISON PARAGRAPH
The Japanese and American Systems of Government
1
There have interesting similarities between the Japanese and American systems
of government. 2 Like the United States, Japan has three independent branches: the
legislative branch, the judicial branch, and the executive branch. 3 Both in Japan and in
the United States, the legislative branch has the power to make laws. 4 In some ways,
the legislative branch in Japan is similar to the U.S. legislative branch. 5 For example, the
Japanese legislative branch has two houses: the House of Representatives and the House
of Councillors. 6 The United States also have two houses: the Senate and the House of
Representatives. 7 In short, the Japanese and American government systems are similar
in several important areas.
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Grammar Forms
2.1
Common Uses
Simple Present: Have
2.3
Using Have
Subject
Verb
Example
The verb have is commonly used in writing. It is used:
I / you / we / they
have
Both Oman and United Arab Emirates have coastlines.
1. to show possession in the present or the past
he / she / it /
has
Identity theft often has serious consequences for the victim.
2.2
McDonald’s has about 35,000 locations
worldwide.
According to Professor Erik Asphaug, the earth
had two moons several billion years ago.
Most of the workers did not have proper safety
equipment.
Simple Past: Have
2. to show relationships among people
Subject
Verb
Example
I / he / she / it
had
Afghanistan had two capitals until 1818.
you / we / they
In the last century, Bolivia and Paraguay had
a war over the Chaco region.
William Shakespeare had seven brothers and
sisters.
Photographer Ansel Adams did not have any
siblings.
3. to show contents or qualities
Canada has more than 2 million lakes.
Notes
1.To form the negative, use do/does/did + not + have.
A honeybee does not have a long life.
At least nine U.S. presidents did not have a university education.
2.Contractions are almost never used in academic writing.
The main character did not have much
confidence.
ACTIVITY 2
Fill in the blank with the correct form of have. Use not when it is there.
ACTIVITY 1
Fill in the blank with the correct form of have. Use not when it is there.
the power to either sign a bill or to veto it.
1.The president
2.Until 1928, only women over the age of 30
the right to vote in England.
accurate global temperature records after the year 1873.
3.We only
4.Like England, India
a parliamentary form of government.
5.Before 1542, Japan
(not) much contact with the West.
6.Unlike the other planets, Mercury and Venus
(not) moons.
7.One of the goals of the United Nations is to increase the number of countries that
access to clean water.
8.Both of the latest development proposals
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2.There are two reasons why characters in Disney movies usually
(not) mothers.
the responsibility of making financial plans and
3.A Chief Financial Officer
decisions for a company.
4.Countries near the equator, such as Singapore and Indonesia,
warm weather
year-round.
5.Writing experts agree that a good story
five main elements: theme, plot,
characters, conflict, and setting.
6.City College
7.After 1960, France
serious problems.
a population of over 7 billion people.
1.The earth currently
more than 50 academic departments on 11 campuses.
(not) control over Burkina Faso.
8.Before the nineteenth century, only a few American women
college degrees.
Common Uses 19
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Common Errors
ACTIVITY 4
Common Error 2.1
In each paragraph, fill in the blank with the correct form of have. Use not when it is there.
Common Error 2.1 Does the verb agree with the subject?
has
The United States have three branches of government.
have
Countries near the equator has two seasons—wet and dry.
has
The coastal area in both Oregon and California have a wide variety of plants and animals.
REMEMBER: • Use has with he, she, it, and singular subjects in the present.
• Use have with I, you, and plural subjects in the present.
• Look for the main noun when a phrase comes between the subject and the verb.
1. The term millennials refers to the people born between 1980 and 2000. Fewer millennials,
which is an important market group, currently
cars than did members of
previous generations at the same age. This lower number is partly because many millennials
lower incomes compared with older generations at the same age.
However, car-buying is increasing among millennials. Current research shows that social media
(not) very much influence on how millennials choose new cars.
2. According to the World Happiness Report of 2015, certain conditions lead to happiness.
Countries that
these conditions are often at the top of world happiness lists. A
strong feelings of safety. A Swiss resident
typical Swiss resident, for example,
ACTIVITY 3
Common Error 2.1
Underline the correct form of the verb.
1.Elephants in Africa (has / have) larger ears than Asian elephants.
2.Some experts claim that a child without any brothers or sisters sometimes (has / have) trouble
making friends.
3.Unlike the rest of the country, cities on the southern coast of China (has / have) a mild climate.
4.Many people strongly believe that shopping online instead of in stores (has / have) important
advantages.
5.City planners know that a city with a lot of parks usually (has / have) healthier residents.
6.Some companies, such as Google, (has / have) a good reputation because they treat their employees
well.
7.According to the U.S. government, a citizen of two countries (has / have) the responsibility of
a deep sense of community. In fact, 86 percent of all Swiss feel that
also usually
someone they can depend on if they need help.
they
3. Apes and humans
the same internal organs and the same types of bones.
They also tend to suffer from the same types of diseases. Human and ape hands are similar, too.
an opposable thumb, which allows it to grip things.
For example, the ape hand
However, there are some physical differences between apes and humans. For example, apes
smaller brains than humans.
4. According to a Pew Research Center study on cell phones in Africa, South Africa
the greatest number of cell phone users. Approximately 90 percent of South
a cell phone, and 34 percent of these South Africans
Africans
a smartphone. In contrast, Uganda
65 percent of the people
the fewest cell phones. In that country,
cell phones, and only 5 percent of these people
a smartphone.
following the laws of both countries.
8.Cities in Asia (has / have) more skyscrapers than in other parts of the world.
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Common Errors 21
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Common Error 2.2 Do you need have or be?
Academic Vocabulary
is
Miami has the Florida city with the most people.
are
Most young children have afraid of the dark.
are
There have two official languages in the Philippines.
had
France was two capital cities during World War II.
REMEMBER: • Use be to define a subject.
• Use be with words such as born, years old, hungry, thirsty, tired, afraid, right, and
lucky.
• Use be with there.
• Use have to indicate possession or relationships.
ACTIVITY 5
Common Error 2.2
Underline the correct verb.
Nouns Frequently Used with Have in Academic Writing
access
consequences
difficulty
meaning
right
benefits
control
effect
opportunity
time
Source: Corpus of Contemporary American English (Davies 2008–)
ACTIVITY 6
Vocabulary in Academic Writing
Use the correct form of have and underline the correct academic vocabulary to complete the sentences.
Include not when it is there.
Subject Area
Example from Academic Writing
Education
1.Teachers often
(opportunity / difficulty) controlling
their classes unless they have strict rules.
Animal Behavior
serious (consequences / benefits) for
2.The flu virus
wild pandas because it can kill them.
Business
3.According to many experts, you should not changes jobs unless you
(an opportunity / a meaning) for more responsibility
and a higher salary.
Literature
(meaning / access). To understand
4.Each word in a poem
the message of a poem, think about every possible meaning of each word.
Political Science
the (effect / right) to free speech.
5.U.K. citizens
However, speech that insults people is illegal.
Health
6.According to the World Health Organization, 783 million people worldwide
(not) (benefits / access) to clean water.
English Composition
7.School uniforms
saving time and saving money.
Economics
8.For example, tourism
the economy of poor nations.
Nursing
9.Women over the age of 50 still
improve their bone health.
1.Xiamen, China, (is / has) a population of over 4 million people.
2.The Philippines (is / has) more than 7,000 islands.
3.According to some experts, parents should feed children only when they (are / have) hungry.
4.Starbucks (was / had) right to close shops that were not making enough money.
5.In 2015, Zimbabwe and Liberia (were / had) a very high unemployment rate.
6.There (are / have) three types of influenza: A, B, and C.
7.In 1930, there (were / had) 10 passenger ferries on San Francisco Bay.
8.Until 2016, only a few very special groups of Americans (were / had) the opportunity to travel to Cuba.
Psychology
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many (rights / benefits), including
a positive (effect / meaning) on
(right / time) to
10.When patients are experiencing stress, it is important to point out the
(access / control) over,
things in their lives that they
such as the food they eat or the people they spend time with.
Academic Vocabulary 23
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Put It Together
ACTIVITY 7
Review Quiz
Multiple Choice Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1.There
a. have
at least three reasons why a college degree is important today.
b. has
c. is
d. are
2.Unlike the university library, the public library
a. have
b. has
material for the general public.
c. is
d. are
3.Both the China Institute and the Brooklyn Museum
a. have
b. has
Asian art.
c. is
d. are
4.The walkway over the freeway is dangerous at night because it
a. does not have
b. do not have
c. is not
5.Beginning in 1921, American women
a. was
b. were
enough lights.
d. are not
the right to vote.
c. had
A coyote crosses a snowy field in a
state park near Denver, Colorado.
d. have
Error Correction One of the five underlined words or phrases is not correct. Find the
error and correct it. Be prepared to explain your answer.
6.Countries in tropical areas have hot and rainy almost every day, while countries in
dry climates do not receive much rainfall.
ACTIVITY 8
Building Greater Sentences
Combine these short sentences into one sentence. You can add new words and move words around, but
you should not add or omit any ideas. More than one answer is possible, but these sentences require the
verb have. (See Appendix 1, Building Greater Sentences, page 206, for tips on how to do this activity.)
1.a. Wolves have physical features.
b. Coyotes have physical features.
c. These physical features are different.
d. However, they have similar hunting styles.
e. They also both have the ability to solve problems.
7.The book version of To Kill a Mockingbird is similar to the movie version in that both
has the same main characters and the same plot.
8.Benjamin Franklin had 22 years old and was the owner of his own printing business
when he had his first child, William.
2.a. Meso-American pyramids are different from Egyptian pyramids.
b. Meso-American pyramids have a flat top.
c. Meso-American pyramids have steps up the sides.
3.a. Studying at a community college is a good idea.
b. They have a variety of courses.
c. It is a way to save money.
d. You can save money before you attend a four-year college.
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Put It Together 25
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ACTIVITY 9
Steps to Composing
Read the paragraph. Then follow the directions in the 10 steps to edit the information and composition of
this paragraph. Write your revised paragraph on a separate sheet of paper. Be careful with capitalization
and punctuation. Check your answers with the class.
9. Sentence 9 is the last point of comparison in the paragraph. Begin the sentence with the word finally
to connect this new information to the rest of the paragraph.
10. This paragraph does not have a concluding sentence. Add one sentence that restates the idea in the
topic sentence in a different way.
ACTIVITY 10
COMPARISON PARAGRAPH
Bees and Wasps
To the average person, bees and wasps appear to be similar. 2They are different
1
in some interesting ways. 3They have different diets, and they have different ways of
defending themselves. 4Bees and wasps also have some different physical features. 5Bees
have hair on their bodies and legs, while wasps do not. 6Bees have flat, wide legs, while
wasps have thinner, rounded legs. 7Bees make honey. 8Wasps are predators. 9Bees are
generally less aggressive than wasps. 10Honeybees can sting one time, and then they die.
original Writing
On a separate sheet of paper, write a comparison paragraph (at least five sentences). Explain what the
two things are and give facts, details, and examples. Use at least two examples of have or has. Underline
your examples.
Here are some examples of how to begin.
• Although a movie producer and a movie director are both important, a movie director is the more
important role.
• Compared with other museums in San Francisco, the de Young Museum is one of the best places in
the city to enjoy art, architecture, and treasures from around the world.
• There are many attractive college campuses in the world, but the University of Western Washington
campus is one of the most beautiful campuses in the United States.
Other types of bees can sting more than once. 12However, wasps are very aggressive,
11
and they can sting several times.
1. Combine sentences 1 and 2 with the connector but.
2. In sentence 3, the subject and the verb (they have) are repeated. Change the sentence so that it will
have only one subject and one verb. (Hint: Will you need the comma?)
3. In sentence 4, the word some is vague. Replace it with several.
4. In sentence 5, use the phrase for example or for instance to introduce the example.
5. In sentence 6, add the phrase in addition to introduce an additional example.
6. In sentence 7, explain what honey is. Add a comma after the word honey and this information: which
is their food.
7. Sentence 8 has information that is very different from all the other information so far. Start with in
contrast to show this difference.
8. Explain the word predator in sentence 8. After the word predator, put a comma and then add this
information to give an example of how wasps are predators: which means they catch and eat other
insects.
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Put it together
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