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Copyright © 2011 Sundance/Newbridge, LLC
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publisher.
Published by Newbridge Educational Publishing
33 Boston Post Road West, Suite 440, Marlborough, MA 01752
www.newbridgeonline.com
First published in 2008 by
Blake Education Pty Ltd, 108 Main Road, Clayton South VIC 3169
Photography by Kathie Atkinson
Additional photographs: iStockphoto.com/Dale Walsh, p. 4 (left); iStockphoto.com/
Ron Masessa, pp. 4 (right), 22; iStockphoto.com/Ian Scott, p. 5 (bottom); Paul Banton/
Dreamstime.com, pp. 6, 22.
ISBN: 978-1-4007-7220-9
Printed by Nordica International Ltd.
Manufactured in Guangzhou, China
Nordica Job#:
Sundance/Newbridge PO#:
Contents
Ocean life........................................... 4
Shark senses ....................................... 6
Fishing for food ................................. 8
Mates for life ................................... 10
Monster shells.................................. 12
Armed and dangerous .................... 14
Small and deadly ............................. 16
Long-distance swimmers................. 18
Flippers and fur ............................... 20
Remember this?............................... 22
Glossary ............................................ 23
Index ................................................ 24
Shark senses
Sharks are fish that have been around since before
dinosaurs. They live in oceans all over the
Some sharks attack ot
her
world. Some even live in rivers and lakes.
sh
Sharks have wonderful senses. They can
see and hear very well. They can even hear
some low sounds that humans can’t hear. They
also have a sharp sense of smell. Some sharks
can smell their prey from almost 1 mile away.
arks. This black tip re
ef shark
was killed by tiger sh
arks.
Fact bite
The great white shar
k has
thousands of “spare”
teeth.
If it loses one of its te
eth, a
spare will move to th
e front
to take its place.
A great white shark
6
Sharks have another weird sense, too.
Animals give off tiny bits of electricity.
Sharks can sense this electricity. It helps
them track their prey.
Some sharks hatch from eggs. Most, though,
are born live. Shark parents don’t look after their
young. All young sharks are on their own from birth.
The great white shar
k
has very sharp teeth.
It rips its
food into bits and sw
allows
chunks whole.
Some sharks are wild predators even before they
are born. When they are growing inside the mother, the
sharks start to eat each other. Only one or two will live to get born.
7
Mates for life
This seahorse is
hiding in seaweed.
The seahorse is very different from
other fish. It is covered with bony
armor, not scales. The top of its
head is shaped like a crown. This is
called a coronet.
10
out is like a tube.
The seahorse’s long sn
, the snout sucks
When food swims by
um cleaner!
it up. Just like a vacu
The seahorse is a slow
swimmer. It uses its
curled tail to hold on to
seaweed. This keeps
it from getting swept
away by sea currents.
Seahorses can change
color to help them
hide from their enemies.
They change color to send
messages, too.
Most seahorses mate for life. Each
morning, the female swims over to her mate.
They both change color. Next, they
do a special dance. Then they swim off and
go about their daily tasks.
A weird thing about the seahorse is
that the male has the babies! The male
keeps the female’s eggs inside his body.
The babies hatch. Then they come out of
his pouch.
ing
A baby seahorse is be
t of its
born. It is coming ou
father’s pouch.
Fact bite
The seahorse’s two ey
es
can look in two differ
ent
directions at the sam
e tim
e.
11
Flippers and fur
Sea lions are
mammals. They live
on shore but feed in
the ocean. In the water,
they are fast and graceful.
Their wonderful front
flippers speed them along. The
back ones are used for steering. On
land, sea lions move about on
all four flippers.
The water where sea lions live
can be very cold. They have
two layers of fur to keep them
warm. They also have a layer
of fat, called blubber. Out of
the water, they love to soak
up the sun.
20
Young sea lions
n
playing in the su
Sea lions love to surf!
are called
Sea lion babies
sleeping. Its
pups. This one is
d and protect it
mother will fee
ar.
for around a ye
Sea lions like to live
in groups, called
colonies. Most of the
colonies
time, they are friendly
and playful. But at
breeding time, male sea
lions often fight each other.
They make weird barking and
growling sounds at each other.
They want to be in charge of as
many females as they can.
In the past, people hunted sea lions.
Now, they are protected by law. There
are about 10,000 sea lions in the wild.
A sea lion colony
Fact bites
Sea lions have small ears.
Sea lions can hold their br
eath for a
long time. They can dive
and swim in
very deep water. But they
still need to
come to the surface to ge
t air.
21
Remember this?
Many ocean animals move through the water to find food. Fishes swim
with the help of fins and a tail. Sea turtles paddle the water with flippers.
Octopuses move quickly by shooting water out a tube called a siphon. This
acts like a jet engine! Once ocean animals find a meal, they use other body
parts to catch it and eat it.
Great white shark
Octopus
Sea turtle
22
Compare and Contrast How are these three
ocean animals alike? How are they different?
Glossary
armor
tough, hard covering that
protects you from being hurt
predators
animals that hunt, kill, and eat
other animals
blubber
a layer of fat that helps keep
some sea animals warm
prey
carnivores
animals that eat meat
an animal that is hunted
and killed for food by
another animal
colonies
groups of animals that
live together
protected
kept safe from being hunted
reptile
an animal that breathes air
using lungs, whose body is
covered with scales and
whose blood changes
temperature depending
on its environment
siphon
a tube that an octopus uses
to move very fast
stun
to stop an animal from being
able to act because it has
been hurt
gills
the organs that sea creatures
breathe through
habitat
the natural surroundings
where an animal or plant
usually lives
hatch
to come out of an egg
mammals
warm-blooded animals with
hair, fur, whiskers, or bristles.
They feed their young on
mother’s milk
poison
something that can kill you or
make you sick if you take it in
23
Index
anglerfish
babies
9
poison
11, 17, 19
predators
baler shells 12–13
blue-ring octopus
eggs
fish
4, 18, 19, 20, 22
5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 19
frogfish
8
14
hiding
jaws
16–17
4, 6, 8–9, 10, 14
food
gills
prey
7, 11, 17, 18, 19
flippers
16, 17
10, 11
8
7
6, 8, 9, 14, 16, 17
protection
5, 15
reptiles
18
sawfish
9
seahorses
sea lions
4, 5, 10–11
20–21
sharks
6–7, 22
shells
12, 13, 18
swimming
4, 8, 11, 15, 18, 21
taste
13, 15
teeth
6, 9
moray eels 8
tubes
10, 13, 15
mouth
turtles
mammals
8, 9
octopuses
24
4, 20
14–17, 22
18–19, 22