Euro-Duba
AP Euro Final Exam Review Tips
Obviously you cannot do all of the things I listed below. Choose the tips that you will help you the most. I
star rated (out of 3 stars) the most important ones.
***Go through your notes, class handout charts, and further fill out those Bull’s-eye Charts (there are blank
Bull’s-eye Chart on my website to print out).
***Read all chapter introduction pages and end of chapter summaries.
***Know “key terms” definitions (listed at the end of the chapters).
*Page through the blue section names of McKay, to check you that you know the main themes.
*Page thru picture/charts/maps in McKay—do they make sense? What do they reveal?
***Focus on Ch. 21 and Sherman 109-125, 130-135 (French Rev. is 1/3 of the final exam!). ***
**Fill out the Points of Conflict chart and the Events by Century chart (both on my website) for the first
semester events.
**Re-read your essays and your friends’ essays. Essays are good to study because they are facts in
action.
**Use my website resources. Retake online McKay quizzes.
***Find a study-buddy and work together. *** (Especially, those Bull’s-eye Charts)
***See the calendar for the Review session time and location***
***Eat and sleep well the night before!!! Stressing out will not help you. If you’ve worked hard all semester,
you will be fine.***
Whatever you do, be organized and archive it for the May AP exam!!!
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Big Picture Unit Themes:
Unit 1 Middle Ages and Renaissance: What defined the Middle Ages (politically, economically,
socially, intellectually)? What were the crises of the 14th century? How were the Middle Ages similar and
different to the Renaissance? What gave rise to the Renaissance? Why did it start in Italy? What defined the
Renaissance? Who its key figures? Machiavelli! What are the key “isms” that define the Renaissance? How
did the Italian and Northern Renaissances similar/different (humanism/art)? How did the Renaissance
affect/spark other themes that happened at the same time—Exploration, Reformation, New Monarchs,
Scientific Revolution, politics, wars, etc.?
Unit 2 Reformation: What were the key causes of the Reformation (long and short term)? What
sparked the Reformation? Major events? Why did or didn’t some countries become Protestant? Which
religion were countries by 1560? Know the key religion were countries by 1560? Know the key beliefs/tenets
of the major religions: Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anglicanism, Anabaptism, and Catholicism. Who were the
major figures of this movement: Luther, Calvin, HRE Charles V, Loyola, Henry VIII, Erasmus, and Pope
Paul III? How did the Reformation affect society, classes, politics, etc.? How did the Catholic Church
respond and how successful was it?
Unit 3 Religious Wars and Overseas Expansion: Why did exploration occur (pol, soc, eco, int,
technology)? What affected who explored and who didn’t? Why did it begin in the 15th century? Who
initially led the way? Why? How did the political and economic theory of mercantilism influence the
development of Europe? Examples? Define mercantilism. How did exploration affect Europe— politically,
economically, culturally, slavery, Columbian Exchange, potatoes? What is the Price Revolution? How did
the Reformation affect Europe: pol, soc, eco? Why were there so many wars between 1560 and 1648? What
wars occurred (cause/effect/significance)? Why did religious wars end in 1648? Why is 1648 a watershed
year (who was gaining/losing power—Spain, France, Netherlands, HRE)? How did the ideology of the new
monarchs give way to the politiques near the end of the 16th century? 30 Years’ War
cause/effect/significance?
Unit 4 Western Absolutism and Constitutionalism in Western Europe: Why did England and France
develop in opposite directions? What were the key events in the 17th century that affected the development
of absolutism in France (how do the War of 3 Henrys, Henry IV/Sully, Richelieu lead Louis XIV?) and
constitutionalism in England (how do the 1588 Sp. Armada, Elizabeth, James I, Charles I, Civil War,
Cromwell, Hobbes, Restoration, Charles II, James II, lead to the Glorious Rev 1688 and constitutional
monarchy, Bill of Rights, Locke)? How did the status of nobles differ and change in France/England in the
17th c.? Define absolutism; how absolute was it? What are key
aspects of Louis XIV’s reign? Link the theories of the age to the actual practice of governments. Why did the
Dutch have a Golden 17th century? What were the unique aspects of the Dutch? Why did their Golden Age
end? Why was Spain declining? Why was the War of Spanish Succession the capstone to end this unit? How
had BOP changed after 1713?
Unit 5 Eastern Absolutism and Enlightened Despots: Why did the basic structure of eastern Europe move
in a different direction than western Europe before 1648? How did east/west differ (pol, eco, soc)? What
effect did the 30 Years’ War have on the east? What is the “Deal” that was made between monarchs and
nobles? Why did the Ott. Empire, Poland, and the HRE decline in the east? Why did Austria, Prussia, Russia
rise to power ? What are key events in those countries? Explain the cause/effect/significance of the key wars
and partitions in the east between 1648 and 1795. How did the west and Baroque affect the east? Who were
the so-called Enlightened Despots in Austria, Prussia, and Russia? In what ways were they Enl. and not Enl.?
Unit 6 Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment: What was the Medieval worldview (paradigm)? How did
the science challenge that worldview? What are the internal and external causes of the Scientific Rev. (in
class note chart)? Explain the (Copernicus + Brahe + Kepler + Galileo) + (Bacon + Descartes)=Newton’s
Synthesis. Why is the 1633 Galileo vs. Bellarmine trial in Rome significant? What effects (short/long term)
did the Sc. Rev. have? How did the Sc. Rev. affect Christianity and human’s understanding of its place in the
universe? How did the Sc. Rev. inspire the Enlightenment? Explain why Newton is considered the last of the
Sc. Rev. and Locke the first man of the Enl.? Why did France lead the way in the Enl.? How did Enl.
philosophes change philosophy, society, politics, and economics? Why did some (the public) agree and were
affected by the Enl. and why were some (the masses) not affected? What effects did the Enl. have? How did
it affect eastern and western Europe differently (west = revolutions; east = despots)? Also, look at
Winter Reading: Ch.19&20 focus on 18th century society & economics. Use the winter reading guide on
my website. Think of these two chapters about the 18th century as “setting the table” for MASSIVE changes
in the 19th century. In these chapters, I want you to understand how life was BEFORE the French
Revolution, which brought about modern political changes, and BEFORE the Industrial Revolution, which
led to changes in how things were made (by machines in factories) and where people lived (cities). A lot of
changes happened in the 18th century, but overall life was still Medieval in many ways. If I had to choose a
quote to summarize why the 18th century was NOT like the 19th century or your life today, it would be: In
pre-industrial Europe the harvest was the real king, and the king was seldom generous and often cruel.
Think about all the problems that arise when you are always at the mercy of the harvest and
science/technology/Wal-Mart wasn’t there to save you. If war was the catalyst for political changes in the
last few units, agricultural crises, changes, and advances were the catalysts for social and economic changes
in the daily lives of most people.
When you read look for the word ‘traditional’ and focus on how life was changing.
Ch. 19 The Expansion of Europe in the 18th century
1. What were the crises of the 18th century? How were they resolved?
2. What trends emerged in the 18th century? (LOOK AT THE CHARTS!!!)
3. How did agriculture change (What was it like before & after the Ag. Rev.?)?
ENCLOSURE & PROLETARIZATION!
4. How/why did population change?
5. Which countries seemed more advanced? Why?
6. How were things made before machines? How did that change? (Cottage Industry,
Putting Out System, Guilds, Industrious Rev.)
7. How did colonies and slavery factor into the economy?
8. Who is Adam Smith? What is economic liberalism and how is it different from
mercantilism?
Ch. 20 The Changing Life of the People
1. How was life in the 18th century NOT very modern? Why did they value what they did?
2. Really pay attention to how family values, marriage, education, diet, medicine, popular
culture, recreation in the 18th century are VERY different from your life.
3. What changed in 18th century society? WHY? Focus on big picture trends.
4. What changes occurred in marriage, work and the family in the course of the 18th
century? Focus on big picture trends.
5. What was life like for children, and how did attitudes toward children evolve?
6. What did people eat, and how did changes in diet and medical care affect people’s lives?
7. What were the patterns of popular religion and culture?
8.How did theses patterns come into contact and conflict with the critical world-view
(Sc.Rev. and Enl.) of the educated public (thus widening the cultural divide between
rich and poor in the Enl.)?
Unit 7 French Revolution: This is 1/3 of the final exam questions! Break down the causes of the French
Revolution. Look at the different motives for each social/economic class (peasants, working class, middle
class, nobles). Know the events and people in the different stages of the French Revolution. How does
Napoleon fit in? How does the rest of Europe react? Why? What are the effects of the French Revolution and
Napoleon? Really look at the Sherman Documents (pp. 109-125, 130-135) for this unit.