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EMS: Unit Test Study Guide ANSWERS
Be Smart & Use Another Paper to Compose Your Responses
1. List the 8 lunar phases in order starting from a new moon
New moon, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, 3rd/last
quarter, waning crescent, new moon
2. Draw a solar eclipse and label the lunar phase (NEW MOON)
3. Draw a lunar eclipse and label the lunar phase (FULL MOON)
4. Explain the 3 main reasons for seasons on Earth
Tilt of the Earth, Earth’s orbit around the Sun, amount of direct sunlight
5. List the 4 seasons & their calendar start dates in the Northern Hemisphere
Winter (solstice) Dec 21, Spring (Vernal equinox) March 21, Summer (solstice) June 21, Fall
(Autumnal Equinox) September 21
6. List the 4 seasons & their calendar start dates in the Southern Hemisphere
Winter (solstice) Jun 21, Spring (Vernal equinox) Sept 21, Summer (solstice) Dec 21, Fall
(Autumnal Equinox) March 21
7. What causes ocean surface currents?
Winds
8. What causes deep ocean currents?
Density; salinity stronger than temperature
9. What is a rip current?
A river of water in water running perpendicular to the shoreline caused by winds
10. What is a long shore current?
A river of water running in water parallel to the shoreline caused by winds
11. Draw and label the components of an ocean wave
12. What causes an ocean wave?
The transfer of wind energy to the waters below
13. Explain a deep water wave.
When the wave height is greater than the wave length
14. Explain a shallow water wave.
When the wave length is greater than the wave height
15. What causes tides on Earth?
The gravitational pull of Earth’s waters by the Moon (closer, stronger) and the Sun
16. What is a tidal range?
The difference between the high tide measurement and the very next low tide measurement
17. How many tides are there at the NJ shoreline in a day?
There are 4 tides; 2 high & 2 low in an alternating pattern every 6 hours and 24 minutes
18. What are Spring tides and when do they occur?
Spring tides occur when the Sun, Moon and Earth are in direct alignment during either a New
Moon or Full Moon phase.
19. What are Neap tides and when do they occur?
Neap tides occur when the Sun Earth and Moon are at right angles (90 degrees) to each other
during a first or third (last) quarter lunar phase
20. In what direction do ocean currents move in the northern hemisphere? Explain Why?
Mostly clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere due to the rotation of Earth and the topography of the
land features which create the gyres
21. In what direction do ocean currents move in the southern hemisphere? Explain Why?
Mostly counter clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere due to the rotation of Earth and the
topography of the land features which create the gyres