The Western
Classical Tradition
Popular music of
the 20th and 21st
Centuries
World Music
Baroque Orchestral Music
The Suite
 Binary form
 Rondo form
 Ternary form
Handel’s two minuets from:
Music for the Royal
Fireworks
The Blues
Twelve-bar blues
 Primary chords
 Improvisation
Blue notes
 Chromatic notes
 Flattened 3rd, 5th and
7th notes
Instrumental/vocal
techniques
 Vibrato
 Slides
Music of the Caribbean
Calypso
 Carnival
The Concerto
 Solo concerto
 Concerto grosso
 Concertino
 Ripieno
 Tutti
 Episodes
Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto
no.2 in F (tutti, concertino,
ripieno)
Vivald’s ‘Spring’ from The
Four Seasons
Ground bass
Pachelbel’s Canon
The Concerto
Classical period 1750-1810
Romantic period 18101910
Sonata form
Exposition
Episodes
Cadenza
Opening of Mozart’s
Clarinet Concerto (tutti,
Popular music of the 1960s:
the beginnings
Rhythm and Blues
Music by Lord Kitchener and
Mighty Sparrow
Steelbands
General Steelband music
Salsa
 Clave and son clave
Reggae
 Mento
Bob Marley
Bessie Smith Careless love
blues’
Rock ‘n’ Roll
 Syncopated
 String bass, piano
early on
 Lead/rhythm
guitars, bass guitar,
drum kit later on
Gospel and Soul
 Spirituals
 Call and Response
 Melisma
 bvox
Music of Africa: choral and
popular music
 Oral tradition
African choral music
 Tonal languages
 Call and response
 Polyphonic/contrapunt
al
 Harmonic/homophonic
 Parallel
Popular music
Paul Simon’s Graceland album
Music of Africa: drumming
Popular music of the 1960’s: and instrumental music
African drumming
other forms
Pop ballads
 Master drummer
 Strophic form
 Tempo
exposition)
Third movement Mozart’s
Horn Concerto (rondo,
cadenza, coda)



Solo singer
Acoustic
Narrative
Paul McCartney performing
‘Yesterday’
Tchaikovsky’s Piano Concerto
no.1 (opening)
Music for voices: choral
music
Choir
Mass
 Requiem
 Sacred
Haydn’s Nelson Mass
(canon)
Motet
 A cappella
 Sacred
Cantata and Oratorio
 Sacred/Secular
 Recitatives
 Arias
 Choruses
Handel’s Oratorio The
Messiah – ‘Behold a virgin
shall conceive’ (recitative)
and
‘O thou that tellest good
tidings to Zion’ (aria)
Folk-influenced music
 Traditional
 introduction
 Verse-chorus
 Link
 Coda
Bob Dylan ‘Blowin’ in the
Wind’
Popular song form
 32 bars long
 AABA structure
 Middle ‘8’
British popular music in
the 1960’s
 The Beatles
Beatles ‘Lonely Hearts Club
Band’
 The Who
 The Rolling Stones
Rolling Stones ‘I can’t get no
Satisfaction’
 Feedback
 Power chords
 Distortion
Madrigal
Thomas Morley’s Now is the
month of Maying (madrigal)
Rock Music
 Back beat
Music for voices: operas
and songs
Psychedelic Rock
 Panning
 Reverb



The Tama
The Bougarabou
The Djembe
African instruments
 Timbre
 The Xylophone
 The Kosika
 The Kora
Any of the above instruments on
the internet
Music of India: background
and instrumental
The Music of India
 Hindustani
 Carnatic
 The sitar
 The Sarangi
 The Tabla
 The Bensuri
 The Shenhai
Any of the above instruments on
the internet
Music of India: classical and
popular styles
Rag
Tala
 Cycle
 Matras
 Sam
 Bols
Raga
 Alap
 Gat
Bhangra
‘Bhangra Fever’ by MIDIval
Punditz
Opera
 Recitatives
Progressive Rock
 Arias
 Concept albums
 Choruses
Puccini’s ‘One fine day’ from Hard Rock
 Riffs
Madame Butterfly (aria)
 Solos
 Fills
Bizet’s ‘Au fond du temple
 Modal
saint’ from The Pearl Fishers
(vibrato, emotion)
Punk Rock
 Distortion
Handel’s ‘O ruddier then the
 Anarchic
cherry’ from Acis and
Galatea (da capo aria,
Hip-hop
improvisation,
 Loop
ornamentation, melisma)
 Funk
Solo voice
 Rapping
Strophic/ through Samplers
composed
 Synthesisers
Schubert’s ‘Nahe des
Geliebten’ (strophic)
Kanye West ‘Good life’
Vaughan William’s From far,
from eve and morning
(through-composed)
Chamber music
Duet Trio Quartet
Quintet Sextet Octet
Nonet
Bartok’s String Quartet no.4
4th movement (pizzicato,
double-stopping, dissonance,
chromaticism)
Beethoven’s String Quartet
op.95 in F minor (overall
texture)
Schubert’s ‘Trout Quintet’
(theme and variations)
Music Theatre
Musicals
 Solo songs
 Ensembles
 Choruses
 Falsetto
‘Bring him home’ from Les
Miserables (falsetto)
Film music
 Conventions
 Leitmotifs
John William’s Jaws (two-note
motif)
YOU NEED
TO BE
AWARE OF
THE
MEANINGS
OF THE
WORDS THAT
ARE IN BOLD
TYPE
The Sonata
Three movements:
 1st = fast
 2nd=slow
 3rd=fast
A fourth movement added
=
 Minuet/Scherzo
and Trio
Solo sonata (single
instrument)
Duet sonata (instrument
and
piano)
Beethoven’s Piano Sonata in
C# minor op.27 no.2 (legato,
sustaining pedal)
Beethoven’s Violin Sonata
no.5 in F op.24
LISTEN TO
THE MUSIC
THAT IS IN
ITALICS ON
YOUTUBE.