Course of Study
2016-2017
TheCourseofStudyatLindenHall
WelcometoLindenHall!Whetheryouareanewstudentorhavebeenwithusfor
years,wearegladtohaveyouasamemberofthevibrant,engagedcommunityat
LindenHall.Youarepartofanactive,involved,connectedcommunitythatisproud
ofitsmembersandtheirvariedaccomplishments,betheyacademic,athletic,or
extra-curricular.
TheCourseofStudyyouholdinyourhandsisdesignedtogiveyouimportant
informationaboutclassesthatareofferedatLindenHall,alongwithsomebasic
informationaboutplanningyouryearswithus.Thisbookletshouldbeusedin
conjunctionwiththeStudentHandbook,whichprovidesadditionalinformation
regardingLindenHall’srequirements,programs,policy,andprocedures.Ifyouhave
questionsaboutanythingintheCourseofStudy,pleasefirstconsulttheHandbook
(theHandbookisalwaysright!),andthenaskyouradvisororanotheradultat
LindenHallforhelp.TopicsofparticularinterestintheHandbookbutnotincluded
inthisbookletinclude:howtoaddanddropclasses,howtocalculateyourgrades
andGPA,andtakingclassesoutsideofLindenHall.
Inlinewithourmissionstatement,theacademicprogramatLindenHallis
exclusivelycollegepreparatory.Rigorousstandardsforclassesandchallenging
curriculameettheneedsofaveragetoaboveaveragestudents.Everydepartment
hashonorslevelorAdvancedPlacementcoursesanddepartmentchairs,teachers,
advisors,andmembersoftheAcademicOfficeworktoplacestudentsinthemost
appropriatecoursesavailable.
Pleaseseethefollowingpagesforacademicplanninginformationandalsoshort
coursedescriptionsofclasses.Foreachdepartment,asequenceofclassesofferedis
providedtohelpwithplanningyourprogress.
ThisCourseofStudyisforthe2016-2017schoolyear.
GraduationRequirements
InordertograduatefromLindenHall,astudentmustaccrueatleast23credits
duringherfouryearsofhighschoolaccordingtothefollowingrequirements:
• English–fourcredits,includingatleastonefullyearofEnglishbeyondESL
programming
• Mathematics–fourcredits,includingatleastAlgebra1,Geometry,and
Algebra2
• History–threecredits,includingU.S.History
• Science–threecredits,includingChemistryandBiology
• WorldLanguages–atleasttwocredits,includingstudyinherchosen
languagethroughatleastlevelthree
• Arts–twocreditsamongvisualandperformingartselectivecourses
• PhysicalEducation–twocredits,awardedas0.5creditseachyearfor
participationinatleastoneinterscholasticsportteamorphysicalactivity
elective
• Threeadditionalacademicorartcreditsinelectiveoradvancedlevelclasses
inanydepartment.
Inaddition,studentsmustmeetthefollowingco-curricularrequirementstoqualify
forgraduation:
• CommunityserviceasoutlinedintheStudentHandbook
• Summerreadingeachsummer:LindenHallstudentsareaskedtoreadatleast
twobooksoverthesummer,ateacher-sponsoredbookandatleastoneother
bookfromthelist,whichmaybeabookrequiredforanacademicclass.
Studentsmayhavemorethanoneclassbooktoread,butstillmustreada
teacher-sponsoredbook.Studentsshouldreturntoschoolinthefall
preparedtodiscussallbookstheywererequiredtoreadandwithany
additionalworkcompletedasstatedinthesummerreadinghandout.
Studentswhodonotsuccessfullymeetexpectationsforsummerreadingwill
beaskedtoreviewtheirbooksagainandwillbeaskedtotakeaquizorwrite
apaperontheirbookstoavoidafailingmarkforsummerreading.
• Ayearlyspeech:LindenHallhasanestablishedandwell-respectedtradition
ofstudentsingrades10-12givingspeechestothestudentbodythroughout
theyear.Publicspeakingexperiencebuildsconfidenceinstudentsandhelps
themleavealegacy.Seniorspresenttheirspeechesinchapel.
Tobeconsideredafull-timestudent,studentsmustcarryaminimumoffivecore
academiccourseseachyear.
PostgraduatestudentswhomeetLindenHall’sgraduationrequirementsandcarrya
fullloadoffiveclasseswillbeissuedacertificateatgraduationpendingsuccessful
completionoftheyear.
CourseOfferings
Insummary,
• Englishisofferedeachyear,includinghonors-levelcoursesbeginninginthe
ninthgradeandAdvancedPlacementclassesofferedtoeligibleeleventhand
twelfthgradestudents.
• Mathematicsfollowsasequentialdevelopmentseriesfrommiddleschool
mathematicscoursestopost-calculusofferings.Honorscoursesareoffered
beginningwithHonorsAlgebra2,andAdvancedPlacementcoursesare
availableinStatistics,CalculusAB,andCalculusBC.
• Historycoursesprogressfromsixththroughtwelfthgradeincludingamong
othersstudiesinancienthistory,women’shistory,civics,Worldand
Americanhistory,arthistory,economics,andgovernment.Honorscourses
areavailableforaselectgroupofninthgradestudents,andAdvanced
Placementofferingsareavailabletoqualifiedstudentsstartinginthetenth
grade.
• Scienceclassesincludespecial-interestclassesinMiddleSchooldesignedto
emphasizeexplorationandinquiryandtraditionallaboratoryclassesin
UpperSchoolphysics,chemistry,andbiology.Honorsclassesareofferedin
theUpperSchool,andAdvancedPlacementcoursesareavailableassecondyearofferingstoqualifiedjuniorsandseniors.
• WorldLanguageclassesfollowsequentialofferingsinFrench,Mandarin,
andSpanish,throughtheAdvancedPlacementcourseineachlanguage.
ClassicallanguagesaretaughtintheMiddleSchoolandprovidegrounding
forstudyofEnglishandotherworldlanguages.
• Artscoursesinstudioart,photography,music,andtheatermayberepeated
eachsemester.
• PhysicalEducationisrequiredeachyearforeveryLindenHallstudent.This
requirementissatisfiedbyparticipationinateamorclubsportatLinden
HallorthroughthecooperativeprogramatWarwickHighSchool.Ifastudent
doesnotplayaseasonofsport,shemustcompleteaLindenHalldesignated
after-schoolactivitytwiceaweekthroughouttheyear;optionsincluderiding
lessonsanddance.MiddleSchoolstudentsareenrolledinyearlongphysical
educationclassesandmayadditionallyparticipateinafterschoolsports.
DuetotheincreasedworkloadanddemandsofAPclasses,studentsare
recommendedtotakenomorethanoneAPcourseinthetenthgradeyear,nomore
thantwointheeleventhgrade,andnomorethanthreeinthetwelfthgradeyear.
StudentswhowishtoexceedtherecommendedloadofAPclassesmustseek
administrativeapprovalthroughtheAcademicOffice.
PlanningyourCourseworkatLindenHall
Studentsandtheirfamiliesshouldcarefullyplanastudent’scourseworkatLinden
Hall.Eachspring,asapartofthecourseselectionprocess,students’advisorswillgo
overplansforstudywiththeirstudents.Otherresourcesavailabletostudentsin
planningcourseworkincludemembersoftheAcademicOffice,includingthe
AcademicDeanandAssistantHeadofSchoolforAcademicAffairs,and,particularly
forrisingseniors,theCollegeCounselingOffice.
SixthGraders
Sixthgraderswilltakethefollowingcourses:
English:English6
Mathematics:Mathematics6
History:GlobalStudies
Science:EnvironmentalScience
WorldLanguages:Classics1(Latin)
Arts:SixthgraderstakeLanguageofMusicandmaychoosetoparticipateby
auditioninthetwo-quarter-longwinterMiddleSchoolDramaprogram.
PE:Sixthgraderscompletephysicaleducationasagroup.
Additionally,sixthgraderscompleteaHealthandWellnessprogramthroughoutthe
year.
SeventhGraders
Seventhgradersparticipateinthefollowingcoursework:
English:English7
Mathematics:UsuallyMathematics7orPre-Algebra.Studentsadvanceintheir
mathematicscoursework;newstudentsareplacedviarecommendationandtesting.
History:WomeninHistory
Science:Forensics
WorldLanguages:Classics2(Greek).Studentswithexperienceinotherlanguages
areplacedviatesting.
Arts:SeventhgradestudentstakeStudioArtandmaychoosetoparticipateby
auditioninthetwo-quarter-longwinterMiddleSchoolDramaprogram.
PE:Seventhgraderscompletephysicaleducationasagroup.
Additionally,seventhgraderscompleteaHealthandWellnessprogramthroughout
theyear.
EighthGraders
Eighthgradestudentswilltakethefollowingclasses:
English:English8
Mathematics:UsuallyAlgebra1.Studentsadvanceintheirmathematicscoursework
basedupondepartmentalrecommendations;newstudentsareplacedvia
applicationrecommendationandtesting.
History:Civics
Science:Engineering
WorldLanguages:Eighthgradestudentsparticipateinoneofthethreemodern
languageprogramsatLindenHall:French,Mandarin,orSpanish.Studentswith
experienceintheselanguagesareplacedviatesting.
Arts:EighthgradestudentstakeStudioArtandmaychoosetoparticipateby
auditioninthetwo-quarter-longwinterMiddleSchoolDramaprogram.
PE:Eighthgraderscompletephysicaleducationingroups.
Additionally,alleighthgraderstakeHealthandWellnessthroughouttheyear.
NinthGraders
Ninthgradestudentsshouldplanonthefollowingcourseofstudy:
English*:LiteratureandLanguageORHonorsHumanitiesEnglish,byinvitation
only.
Mathematics:UsuallyGeometry.Studentsadvanceintheirmathematicscoursework
basedupondepartmentalrecommendations;newstudentsareplacedvia
applicationrecommendationandtesting.
History:WorldHistory(in2016-2017,CrisesandEncountersintheModernWorld)
ORHonorsHumanitiesHistory,byinvitationonly.
Science:Physics.PlacementinHonorsPhysicswillbedeterminedbasedupon
previousteacherrecommendationandclassroomperformanceinthefirstsemester
oftheyear.MoststudentscompletePhysicsatthecollegepreparatorylevel.
WorldLanguages:Studentsadvanceintheirlanguagestudywithteacher
recommendations.StudentsnewtoLindenHallareplacedinlevel1orinadvanced
levelsviatesting.
Arts:Studentsareencouragedtoconsidersemester-basedcourseworkinstudioart,
photography,music,andtheater.
PE:Ninthgradersarerequiredtocompletetheequivalentofoneseasonofsports
training.Theymaymeetthisrequirementbycompetingasamemberofavarsity,
juniorhigh,orclubteamforonesportsseasonorbycompletingaLindenHall
designatedactivitythroughouttheyear.
TenthGraders
Tenthgradestudentsshouldplanontaking:
English*:AmericanLiterature.SomestudentsmayqualifyforHonorsAmerican
Literaturebaseduponpreviouscourseperformance,teacherrecommendation,and
standardizedtestperformance.
Mathematics:UsuallyAlgebra2,possiblyonthehonorsleveldependingon
departmentalrecommendation.Studentsadvanceintheirmathematicscoursework
baseduponteacherrecommendations;newstudentsareplacedviaapplication
recommendationandtesting.
History:In2016-2017,alltenthgraderswilltakeWorldHistory(Crisesand
EncountersintheModernWorld)ORsomestudentsmaybeinvitedtoparticipatein
AdvancedPlacementWorldHistory.
Science:Chemistry.PlacementinHonorsChemistrywillbedeterminedbasedupon
departmentalrecommendation.MoststudentscompleteChemistryatthecollege
preparatorylevel.
WorldLanguages:Studentsadvanceintheirlanguagestudywithteacher
recommendations.StudentsnewtoLindenHallareplacedviatestingusually
conductedduringstudentorientationweek.
Arts:Studentsareencouragedtoconsidersemester-basedcourseworkinstudioart,
photography,music,andtheater.
PE:Tenthgradersarerequiredtocompletetheequivalentofoneseasonofsports
training.Theymaymeetthisrequirementbycompetingasamemberofavarsityor
clubteamforonesportsseasonorbycompletingaLindenHalldesignatedactivity
throughouttheyear.
EleventhGraders:
Juniorsshouldplantheircourseofstudycarefully.Refertothegraduation
requirementsasyouthinkaboutyourcourserequests,andplanbothyourjunior
andsenioryears.YoumaywishtomeetwithamemberoftheAcademicOfficeor
CollegeCounselingstaff,particularlyifyouaretailoringyourstudieswitha
particularcollegeoruniversityprograminmind.
English*:In2016-2017,Women’sLiteratureORWomen’sLiteratureHonorsOR
AdvancedPlacementEnglish,baseduponpreviouscourseperformance,teacherand
departmentalrecommendation,andstandardizedtestscores.LindenHalloffersAP
EnglishLiteratureandCompositioninalternatingyearwithAPEnglishLanguage
andComposition;youmayqualifyforoneortheotherorbothinyourjuniorand
senioryears.
Mathematics:UsuallyPre-Calculus,possiblyonthehonorslevel.Studentsmaybegin
selectingalternatepathwaysinmathematics.Pleaseseethemathdepartmentlisting
andflowchartforalternatesandoptions.StudentsnewtoLindenHallwillbeplaced
carefullyinmathematicscourses;consultationwithapriorschoolmaybe
necessary,andstudentsmaybeaskedforphotocopiesofsyllabiandtablesof
contentsfromtextbooks.
History:StudentsinthejuniorandsenioryearwhohavecompletedUnitedStates
Historyareeligibleforelectivecoursesinhistoryandsocialstudies.Pleaseseethe
historydepartmentlistforofferingsineconomics,arthistory,andAdvanced
Placementcourses.Electivecourseworkwillvaryfromyeartoyear,depending
uponstudentinterestandteacheravailability.Studentswhohavenotyetmetthe
U.S.historygraduationrequirementshouldplanoncompletingitnow.
Science:Biology.PlacementinHonorsBiologywillbedeterminedbasedupon
departmentalrecommendation.MoststudentscompleteBiologyatthecollege
preparatorylevel.StudentsmayalsodoubleupinAPPhysicsorAPChemistryinthe
junioryearwiththeapprovalofthedepartment.
WorldLanguages:StudentsadvancetheirlanguagestudyinFrench,Mandarin,or
Spanish.Juniorstudentswhohavecompletedlevel3areencouragedtofinishlevel4
oftheirlanguagethisyearinpreparationforAdvancedPlacementcourseworkin
thesenioryear;however,theoccasionalstudentmaychoosetobeginnewlanguage
studythisyearormayfocusherattentioninanotherdepartment.
Arts:Studentsareencouragedtoconsidersemester-basedcourseworkinstudioart,
photography,music,andtheater.Studentswhohavenotyetsatisfiedtheir
graduationrequirementinthisdepartmentshouldplancarefullyhowtodoso.
PE:Eleventhgradersarerequiredtocompletetheequivalentofoneseasonof
sportstraining.Theymaymeetthisrequirementbycompetingasamemberofa
varsityorclubteamforonesportsseasonorbycompletingaLindenHall
designatedactivitythroughouttheyear.
RisingTwelfthGraders
Risingseniorsshouldcarefullyconsultthegraduationrequirementswhenplanning
theirtwelfthgradeyear.Anyrequirementsleftunfulfilledmustbecompletedinthe
senioryear.Ofcourse,youmaytakecoursesbeyondtheminimumgraduation
requirementsinanydepartment,particularlyifyouareplanningtoapplyto
competitiveorhighlycompetitivecollegesanduniversities.Risingseniorsare
encouragedtospecializeiftheyhaveanareaofstudythatisofparticularinterest
andtheyhavesatisfiedtheirrequirementsinotherdepartments.However,students
areremindedthatthecollegepreparatorymantrais“allfivecores,allfouryears.”
Studentswillworkcloselywiththeircollegecounselorsinthespringofthejunior
year,oftentimesinconjunctionwiththeirparents.Yourcollegecounselorwillgetto
knowyouandyourfamilyandwillhelporganizeyourpersonalcollegeplan,
includingsuggestionsaboutyoursenioryearcourseofstudy.
*EnglishasaSecondLanguage
StudentswhoarelanguagelearnersinEnglishwillbeplacedintoappropriately
supportiveliteratureandlanguageclassesfortheircurrentlevelofachievement.
Pleaseseethedepartmentdescriptionfollowingforadditionalinformationon
placementandcourseofferingsinESLclasses.
Studentsinterestedintakingclassesoffcampusoronlineshouldcontactthe
AcademicOffice.CourseworkofferedthroughtheOnlineSchoolforGirlsisaccepted
forcreditatLindenHall.
Linden Hall Middle School – Three-Year Plan
Name:
Date:
Subject Area:
English
Mathematics
Science
History
World Languages
Arts
Other Classes
Physical
Education
Grade 6
Grade 7
Grade 8
Extra-Curricular
Activities:
Sports
Clubs and
Activities
Service
Leadership
Summer Plans
Grade 6
Grade 7
Grade 8
Linden Hall Upper School – Four-Year Plan
Name:
Date:
Subject:
(number of credits
required for graduation)
English
(4)
Mathematics
(4)
Science
(3, including biology
and chemistry)
History
(3, including
U.S. History)
World Languages
(through level 3)
Arts
(2)
Other Classes
Physical Education
(1/2 per year)
Grade 9
Grade 10
Graduating Year:
Grade 11
Grade 12
Extra-Curricular
Activities:
Sports
Clubs and Activities
Service
Leadership
(include honor societies)
Summer Plans
Grade 9
Grade 10
Grade 11
Grade 12
LINDENHALLCOURSEOFFERINGS
ENGLISH
English6
English7
English8
LiteratureandLanguage
HonorsHumanities
English
AmericanLiterature
HonorsAmericanLit
Women’sLiterature
HonorsWomen’sLit
APEnglishLanguage
(Offeredinalternating
yearswithAPEnglish
Literature)
Languageand
Composition
ENGLISHASASECOND
LANGUAGE
MiddleSchoolESL
ESLLanguage1
ESLLiterature1
ESLHistory
ESLContentSupport
ESLLanguage2
ESLLiterature2
MATHEMATICS
Mathematics6
Mathematics7
Pre-Algebra
Algebra1
Geometry
Algebra2
HonorsAlgebra2
DiscreteMathematics
Pre-Calculus
HonorsPre-Calculus
APCalculusAB
APCalculusBC
LinearAlgebra
MultivariableCalculus
APStatistics
HISTORY
GlobalStudies
WomeninHistory
Civics
WorldHistory
HonorsHumanities
History
APWorldHistory
U.S.History
HonorsU.S.History
APU.S.History
ArtHistory
Microeconomics
APEuropeanHistory
APMicroeconomics
APPsychology
SCIENCE
EnvironmentalScience
ForensicScience
Engineering
Physics
HonorsPhysics
APPhysics
Chemistry
HonorsChemistry
APChemistry
Biology
HonorsBiology
APBiology
Biomechanics
Robotics
IntroductiontoComputer
Programming
APComputerScience
APEnvironmentalScience
WORLDLANGUAGES
Classics1
Classics2
French1
French2
French3
French4Honors
APFrenchLanguageand
Culture
Mandarin1
Mandarin2
Mandarin3
Mandarin4Honors
APChineseLanguageand
Culture
Spanish1
Spanish2
Spanish3
Spanish4Honors
APSpanishLanguageand
Culture
ARTS
LanguageofMusic
AuralsandComposition
Orchestra
Women’sChoir
MiddleSchoolDrama
IntroductiontoTheater
Acting
Dance
MiddleSchoolArt
FundamentalsofArt
Ceramics
Photography
2DStudioArt
3DDesign
APStudioArt–2DDesign
Photography
Studiowork
APStudioArt–3DDesign
ArtHistory
ArtsDepartment–2016-2017
TheVisualandPerformingArtsareanintegralpartofhumancultureandeducation.
Historically,theyhaveservedasameansofstorytelling,religiousenhancement,social
documentation,andpersonalexpression.UltimatelytheArtsreflecttheconventionsofthe
societyinwhichtheyarecreated.AtLindenHall,weteachanappreciationforhistoricand
contemporaryArtsthroughhands-onexperiencesandarthistory.Wenurturestudent
creativityandstrivetocelebratestudents’individuality.
LindenHallstudentsareencouragedto:
• Seethecross-curricularconnectionbetweentheArts,Mathematics,Science,English,
andHistory–andapplytheknowledge
• Embracetheinfluencesoftheirinternationalpeers
• Sharetheirtalentsbeyondtheclassroomthroughexhibitionsandperformance
MUSICCOURSES
MusicclassesatLindenHalldevelopcomprehensivemusicianshipwithafocusonmusical
literacyanddevelopment.Webelievethatallstudentsaremusicalbynatureandhave
tremendouspotentialtolearnandenjoymusic.Researchshowsthatmusichelpsstudents
develophigher-orderthinkingskillsandanincreaseddesiretolearn.
LanguageofMusic
Thissixth-gradecourseintroducesstudentstotheconceptsofreading,writing,and
performingmusic.ThroughacomprehensiveKodalycurriculum,studentsgainadeeper
understandingforreading,writing,andperformingmusicindividuallyandingroups.
Studentsstudykeyelementsinmusictheoryincludingintervals,keysignature,rhythmic
notation,sight-singing,andsolfege.Performersgainmusicalconfidenceastheylearnto
interpretmusiccohesivelyandeffectively.
AuralsandComposition
Thissemester-longUpperSchoolcourseprovidesstudentswiththeopportunitytolearn
theartofcreatingmusic.Buildingontheirmusicliteracyskills,studentswillexpandtheir
musicwritingandknowledgethroughsinging,composition,instrumentalperformance,
scoreanalysis,andresearch.Studentswritetheirownsongs,readandanalyzecomposed
music,andeffectivelyapplytheelementsofsuccessfulperformancetotheirmusicmaking.
In2016-2017,studentsmayhavetheopportunitytotakeAuralsandCompositionasayearlongcourse.
MusicandCulture
Thissemester-longUpperSchoolcourseexplorestheroleofmusicthroughtimeinseveral
cultures.Studentslearnthebasicelementsofmusiclistening,majorhistoricaldevelopment
inthearts,andtraditionalformsofmusicalandartisticexpressionindifferentcultures.
Studentsstudydances,rhythms,folksongs,andperformancestylesfromdifferent
countries.Studentssharetheartandmusicalstylesoftheirculturewithpeers.
Notofferedin2016-2017
TechnologyandMusic
Thissemester-longUpperSchoolcourseexploresthefundamentalsofrecordingand
producingmusicinthemodernworld.Studentsexploreinnovationsinthemanipulationof
musicinahands-onlearningenvironment,learningfromindividualsatlocalgloballyknownproductioncompanies.Studentsrecord,produce,andmanagethecreationofa
compilationalbumofstudentandfacultyperformancesaspartoftheestablishedLinden
Hallstudioprogram“Tech41”.
Notofferedin2016-2017
Women’sChoir
Women’sChoirallowsstudentstheopportunitytoperformwithpeersinaschoolconcert
choirsetting.Studentslearnchoralrepertoirethroughaperformance-basedcurriculum
andperformatseveralon-campuseventsthroughouttheyear.Thereisnoaudition
requiredtoenrollandpreviouschoralexperienceisnotrequired.Studentsgainabetter
understandingofthefundamentalsofmusicalliteracythroughanactiverehearsalprocess.
Orchestra
TheLindenHallOrchestraconsistsofstring,woodwind,brass,andpercussionfamilies.
Thisclasseducatesandreinforcesthefundamentalprinciplesofplayinginanensemble
whileperformingmusicofanappropriatelevel.Ensemblemembersmusthaveatleastfour
monthsofexperienceplayingtheirinstrumentpriortoenrollinginOrchestra.
PERFORMINGARTSCOURSES
MiddleSchoolDrama
Heldduring2ndand3rdquarters,LindenHall’sMiddleSchoolDramaclassallowssixth,
seventh,andeighthgradegirlstoexperiencethejoysofperformance.Studentsparticipate
intheauditionprocess,learntheaterdisciplinethroughimprovisationanddrama
exercises,andperformafull-lengthplay.Studentsareintroducedtotheatervocabulary
andthegeographyofthestage.
In2016-2017,MiddleSchoolstudentswillhavetheopportunitytoparticipateinMiddle
SchoolDramaastheyauditionfor,practice,andpresenttheMiddleSchoolplayinthe
eveningsduringQ2andQ3.
IntroductiontoTheater
Whileprimarilyanactingcourse,IntroductiontoTheaterprovidesanoverviewofWestern
theatertraditions.Thisstudiocoursefocusesondevelopingpoiseandconfidence.Vocal
techniqueisdevelopedthroughvariousexercises.Studentsareencouragedtoattend
amateurandprofessionalproductionsatanumberoflocaluniversitiesaswellasworldclasstheatercompanies.Studentswillbecomefamiliarwithbasicstagegeography,
movement,andtermsassociatedwiththetheater.Whilegearedtothenoviceactress,this
classisstronglyrecommendedforESLstudentsandanystudentseekingtogainconfidence
withpublicspeaking.Whileitisnotrequired,studentsareadvisedtotakethis
introductorycoursepriortoelectingourActingclass.
Acting
Becausethiscourseisdesignedtoreflecttheexperienceoftheclass,studentsmayelectto
takethiscoursemorethanonce.Thecourseteachesapracticalunderstandingofthe
actor’scraft,discipline,andvocabulary.Relaxation,concentration,voice,bodymovement,
andspontaneityaregainedthroughphysicalandvocalwarm-ups,scenestudy,
improvisation,andmore.UsingtheworkofRobertCohen,studentswillbecomeacquainted
withvariousactingtechniques.Bybecomingself-aware,studentsbecomeconfidentwhen
askedtospeakpubliclyandwhenperforming.
Dance
Inthiscourse,studentslearnthebasicsofmultiplestylesofmovementincludingballet,tap,
jazz,andmodern.Thehistoryandvocabularyofthesestyleswillbeexploredandapplied
inthestudiosetting.Studentswillspendapproximately75-80%oftheirtimeinthestudio
and20-25%oftheirtimeintheclassroom.ParticipationinDanceincludesattendingand
producingperformances,includingtheopportunitytoshowcasestudents’original
choreography.Studentsaregradedonstudiowork,theory,choreography,and
performance.StudentsmustcommittoDanceforonesemester,buthavetheoptionof
continuingthroughouttheyear.Danceisaninterdepartmentalcoursethatmaycounteach
semesterforeither0.5creditsintheArtDepartmentor0.5creditstowardsPE.
VISUALARTSCOURSES
MiddleSchoolArt
Thiscourseteachesstudentsthebasicelementsofdesign:line,texture,color,shape/form,
value,andspaceaswellastheprinciplesofdesign:repetition,balanceemphasis,contrast,
andunity.Studentsexamineworksofartthroughouthistoryandidentifysymbols,subject
matter,andtechniquesapplied.Studentsuseinformationpresentedinclasstocreatenovel
worksofartthatdisplayproblemsolvingskillsandsequentialthinking.Theclass
introducesthelanguageofartandstudentsareexpectedtoemploytheirnewvocabulary.
FoundationsofArt
ThisFoundationclasswillintroducestudentstoartconceptsandprocessesaswellas
nurturecreativeexpressionandproblemsolvingskillsthroughtheproductionofworksof
art.Specialattentionwillbegiventothebasicelementsofdesign:line,texture,color,
shape/form,value,andspaceaswellastheprinciplesofdesign:repetition,balance,
emphasis,contrast,andunity.Wewillreferenceworksofartfromhistoryandidentifythe
symbols,discussthesignificanceofsubjectmatter,andstudytechniquesapplied.Drawing
onthisinformation,studentswillcreatetheirownworksofartemployingsequential
thinking.Theintroductionanduseofarttermswillassiststudentsinbecomingfluentin
theLanguageofArt.
Ceramics
Thissemester-longUpperSchoolcoursefocusesoncreatingbothfunctionalandnonfunctionalworksofartwithclay.Emphasisisplacedonthebasicelementsofdesign(line,
texture,color,shape/form,value,andspace)aswellastheprinciplesofdesign(repetition,
balance,emphasis,contrast,andunity).Studentsexamineanddiscussworksofartand
createtheirownworksexercisingproblem-solvingskillsandsequentialthinking.
Thisclassmaybetakenmorethanonceandcanbeapproachedonanadvancedlevelin
coordinationwiththeinstructor.
Photography
StudentsinPhotographylearnrulesofcomposition,howtousea35mmmanualcamera
andaccessories,howtodeveloptheirownfilminthedarkroom,howtomakephoto
enlargements,andhowtoeditdigitalphotographs.Additionalphotographictechniquesare
taughtthroughoutthesemester.Studentslearntoformallyandinformallycritiqueeach
other’sworkinclassdiscussionandwrittenassignments.Studentsbecomebetterimagemakersastheypushthemselvestoexpressthemselvescreativelywithacamera.
Thissemester-longUpperSchoolclassmaybetakenmorethanonceandcanbeapproached
onanadvancedlevelincoordinationwiththeinstructor.
2DVisualArt
Thissemester-longUpperSchoolclassfocusesontheexplorationofcolor,line,texture,and
formaselementsforcreatingabalanced,aestheticallypleasingcomposition.Wefollowthe
traditionofworkingfromlifeandexploreabstractionandmodelingafterestablished
artistswhenstudyingdrawingandpainting.Studentsbeginwiththebrushoncanvasand
paper,charcoalandpencilonpaper,andexplorealternatetechniquesusingobjectsfrom
nature.Studentsalsostudyprintmaking,theprocessofcreatinganimageorideaonone
surfaceandtransferringittoanothersurface,mostoftenpaper.
3DVisualArt
Thissemester-longUpperSchoolclassteachesanappreciationforhistoricand
contemporaryvisualartsthroughahands-onexperience.Unitsofstudywillfocusonthe
useofmixedmedia,textilesandfiber,andartistbooks.Lessonsmayoverlapasstudent
interestsvary;workisdrivenbystudentinterestandisindividualized.Mixedmedia
focusesonsymbolisminart.Studentscreateworksofartthatcanbedisplayedonthe
humanforminthewearableartunit.Theartist’sbookunitconcentratesonvisual
communicationandthepowerofwordsinartinhistory.
AdvancedPlacementStudioArt–2DDesign(studiowork)
AdvancedPlacementStudioArt–2DDesign(photography)
AdvancedPlacementStudioArt–3DDesign
Theseportfoliocoursesaredesignedforexperienced,highlymotivated,anddedicated
studentsinterestedinthepracticalexperienceofart.Studentsprepareaportfoliofor
presentationtotheCollegeBoardinMay,highlightingaspectsofQuality,Breadth,and
Concentration.Extensiveworkfortheseclassesmustbecompletedindependently,and
studentsareexpectedtotakeadvantageofopportunitiestovisitmuseums,galleries,and
artexhibitsastheystudymastersofartasameansofpersonalartisticenrichment.
Studentsinterestedincompletingoneofthesecoursesshouldspeakwiththedepartment
chairintheirsophomoreyear(orbefore)topreparetheirapproachtothiscoursework.
ArtHistory
Thiscourseconnectsarttocultural,political,economic,andsocialforcesthatshaped
creativeartistsandtheirworks.Studentsacquireaworkingknowledgeofthespecialized
vocabularyusedinarthistoryandgainabasicunderstandingofWesternEuropeanart
historylinkedtohistoricalevents,intellectualhistory,andscientificandculturaltrends.
Theybecomefamiliarwithkeyworksofart,artists,styles,materials,andworkingmethods
astheyenhancetheirvisualliteracyandcriticalthinkingskills.Studentsdiscussartistic
referencesinadvertisementandposter,onclothing,andinfilmandothermedia.
ArtsDepartmentFlowChart
2016-2017
Grade6*
LanguageofMusic
Grade7
MiddleSchoolArt
Grade8
MiddleSchoolArt
MiddleSchoolDrama
TrebleChorus
Orchestra
PERFORMINGARTS
Acting
IntroductiontoTheater
Dance
VISUALARTS
FoundationsofArt
Ceramics
Photography
2DStudioArt
3DDesign
APStudioArt2DDesign(Studio)
APStudioArt2DDesign(Photo)
APStudioArt3DDesign
ArtHistory
Grade9**
Grade10
Grade11
Grade12
MUSIC
AuralsandComposition
Women’sChoir***
Orchestra***
*StudentscompletecoursesinvisualandperformingartswhileinMiddleSchool(column1)concurrentwiththeirphysical
educationactivities.MiddleSchoolDramaisofferedmid-yearasacollective,audition-basedexperienceeachyear.MiddleSchool
girlsmayalsoparticipateintheextracurricularactivitiesTrebleChorusandOrchestra.
**Beginningingrade9,studentsmayaccesscourseworkinmanyareasoftheartsdepartment(allcolumns).Startingwith20162017,studentswillberequiredtohaveasemesterofMiddleSchoolArtorFoundationsofArtinUpperSchoolpriortoenrolling
inotherVisualArtsclasses.
***AdvancedstudentsininstrumentalandvocalmusicareinvitedtoauditionforLindenHall’sextracurricularmusicgroups,
SinfoniaandMusea.
Individualmusiclessons,instrumentalandvocal,areavailabletoallstudentsatLindenHall,contractedwithindependent
instructorswhoareabletomeetwithstudentsduringoraftertheschoolday.
EnglishDepartment–2016-2017
TheEnglishdepartmentatLindenHallisdedicatedtobringingtheworldtoourstudents
throughliterature.Wereadandrespondtoliteraturefromacrosstimeandacrossthe
world,believingthatthemorewereadandwrite,themorewelearntoempathizeand
thinkcritically.Eachyear,ourstudentsreadliteraturefromavarietyofgenresandworkto
understandhowgenreandhistory,formandcontent,informoneanother.Atthesame
time,ourstudentsstrivetobecomemoresuccessfulcommunicatorsthroughregular
expositoryandcreativewriting.Vocabularyandgrammarworkarerequiredateachlevel.
Finally,eachofourUpperSchoolstudentsgivesayearlyspeechinfrontoftheentire
school:theunderclasswomenduringmorningassembly,theseniorsduringchapel.
English6
English6isdesignedtoexploretheEnglishlanguage,includinggrammar,vocabulary,
literature,andcomposition.Grammarfocusesprimarilyonasolidunderstandingofthe
partsofspeech,partsofthesentence,andverbtenses.Literatureincludesfiction,nonfiction,poetry,anddrama.Incomposition,studentsfocusonthemechanicsofagood
sentence,paragraph,andshortessay.Vocabularyexerciseshelpstudentslearnnewwords,
usage,andderivations.Studentsprogressasreaders,writers,andcommunicators.
English7
TheemphasisinEnglish7isonacquisitionandpracticeofanalyticalandcriticalthinking
skillsastheyrelatetoliterature.Withathemeofimaginaryworlds,thiscourseincludes
Greekmythology,Shakespeare,dystopianfiction,andavarietyofothertexts.Students
practicestrategiestoeffectivelyread,writeabout,discuss,andreflectuponthethemes
withinliteratureandintheworldaroundus.Writingassignmentsvaryfromparagraphsto
essays,creativepieces,andresponsestoliterature.Inaddition,vocabularyandgrammar
instructionhelpstudentsimproveasreaders,writers,andcommunicators.
English8
English8preparesstudentsfortherigorsofUpperSchoolEnglish.Allfourareasofstudy
arecovered:reading,writing,vocabulary,andmechanics(grammarandusage).Reading
andwritingassignmentsexaminehowwritingisusedasatoolfornarration,description,
explanation,andpersuasion;studentsspendtimefocusingoneachofthesefourrhetorical
modes.Literarytextschallengeandengagestudents,servingasvehiclesforbroadening
readingabilityandasmodelsforwriting.Clear,effectivecommunicationisbolsteredwith
instructioninthebuildingblocksofvocabulary,grammar,andusage.Publicspeakingskills
areemphasizedthroughclassroomdiscussion.
LiteratureandLanguage
ThiscourseprovidesstudentswithasoundbasisforsuccessinEnglishatthehighschool
levelandbeyond.Strongfocusisgiventoreadingandanalyzingliterature,includingshort
stories,novels,drama,andpoetry.Analysisofplot,theme,mood,conflict,andsymbolism
amongotherkeyliterarydevicesenablesstudentstounderstandandappreciateliterature
onamoresophisticatedlevel.Vocabularyandgrammarskillsfocusontheirapplicationto
writtenexpression.
MoststudentsinLiteratureandLanguageareintheninthgrade;tenthgradestudents
completingtheirfirstcore(non-ESL)Englishcoursemayalsotakethisclass.
HonorsHumanitiesEnglish
Thisisaninterdisciplinarycoursedesignedtofunctionhand-in-handwithHonors
HumanitiesHistory.Inthiscourse,studentsfocusongreatworksofwesterncivilization
throughthestudyofliterature,linkingthemtohistory,religion,philosophy,art,andmusic.
Studentsexaminetheemergenceofcultureandinstitutions,thetensionbetweenthe
individualandsociety,andtheevolutionandinteractionofreligionandphilosophy.
Studentsenhancetheirculturalliteracyandgrowintheirabilitytodrawdeepconnections
betweendisciplines,readavarietyoftextsinacriticalfashion,andcommunicate
effectivelyinbothspeechandwriting.
HonorsHumanitiesEnglishisopentoninthgradersbydepartmentalinvitationonly;
consideredstudentscompleteEnglish8withaconsistentA-gradeorabove.Studentsare
requiredtoco-enrollinHonorsHumanitiesHistory.
AmericanLiterature
ThroughthestudyofAmericanliterature,studentsbecomebetterreaders,moreskillful
writers,andcarefulcriticalthinkerswhoenjoyliteratureandexpressthemselveswith
confidence.Studentsencounterthemajorauthorsandphilosophicalmovementsthathave
dominatedtheAmericanliterarylandscapethroughoutthenation’shistoryandconstruct
analyticalessaysthatskillfullyintegratetextualevidencetoadvanceathesis.Vocabulary,
grammar,andusageskillscentraltocreatingtechnicallysoundessaysarereinforced
throughclassroomexercisesandeditingpractice.
MoststudentsinAmericanLiteraturearetenthgraders.Eleventhgradestudentscompleting
theirfirstcore(non-ESL)Englishcoursemayalsotakethisclass.
HonorsAmericanLiterature
Thispre-APcourseemploystextsfromAmericanliteratureandextensiveclassroom
discussionandcooperativelearningtoteachasolidunderstandingofkeyliteraryterms,
strategiesthatleadtoadeeperreadingofdifficulttexts,andsoundanalyticaltechniques.
Studentsreadnovels,poetry,shortstories,anddrama;emphasisisplaceduponaclose
readingandannotationofthetext,consideringhoweachwork’sstructure,language,
imagery,symbolism,andtonerevealthemeaningofthework.ConnectionstoAmerican
history,culture,andattitudesareconsideredasstudentsrelateliteraturetoan
understandingofthehumancondition.Studentsinterpretandanalyzeliteraryworks
throughanalyticalpapers,timedwritings,andclassdiscussions.
HonorsAmericanLiteratureisopentotenthgradersbydepartmentalinvitationonly;
consideredstudentscompleteLiteratureandLanguageatanA-levelorHonorsHumanities
EnglishwithaminimumofaB+.
Women’sLiterature
In2016-2017,thecollegepreparatoryclassofferedtojuniorsandseniorswillbeWomen’s
Literature.
StudentsinWomen’sLiteraturewillreadfictionandnonfictionworksofliteraturethat
examinewomen’sexperiencesaroundtheglobe.Thiscoursewillhaveanemphasison
writing.Additionalinformationwillbecomeavailableduringthesummerasthecourseis
morefullydeveloped.
HonorsTopicsinLiterature
In2015-2016,thehonorstopicsclasswasHonorsWorldLiterature;thetopicfor20162017willbeHonorsWomen’sLiterature.
HonorsWomen’sLiterature
Thishonorslevelcourseisdesignedtofamiliarizestudentswiththecontributionsof
womenwriterstoAmericanandBritishliterature.Anorganizingprincipleofthecourse
includesanawarenessoffeministissuesthroughtheexplorationofvariousliterarygenres.
Wewillexplorehowliteraturereflectsthehumancondition–particularlythewoman’s
condition–andalsohowitreflectsthehistoryandattitudeofthetimeperiod.Emphasis
willbeplacedonaclosereadingandannotationofthetext,consideringhoweachwork’s
structure,language,imagery,symbolism,andtonehelptocreatethemeaningofthework.
Studentswillinterpretandanalyzealiteraryworkthroughanalyticalpapers,timed
writings,andclassdiscussions.
HonorsWorldLiterature
HonorsWorldLiteratureisafull-yearcoursefocusingonliteratureasaglobal
phenomenon.Thecoursehastwomaingoals:first,togivestudentsanexposuretoand
appreciationforliterarymovements,literarytheory,andliterarytraditionsaroundthe
world;andsecond,topreparestudentsforAP-oruniversity-levelworkinliteraryanalysis
andrhetoric.Throughouttheschoolyear,studentswillreadandanalyzewell-known
ancientandmoderntextsfromseveraldifferentareasandcultures.Theywillexamine
issuesandthemesacrosslinesofgeographyandtime,drawconnectionsbetweentexts
bothwithinandacrosscultures,andexaminetheeffectsoftranslationonthereader’s
experience.Throughclosereadingoftextsandextensivediscussion,studentsreflecton
thewaysinwhichtheirownexperiencesandbeliefsaffecttheirinterpretationofeach
piece,aswellasthespecifictechniquesthatauthorsusetocreateeffectsinreaders.
Assessmentsincluderegularwrittenworkalongwithevaluationsofvocabulary,
literary/rhetoricalterms,criticalreading,andargument.
HonorsTopicsinLiteratureisopentoeleventhandtwelfthgradestudentsbydepartmental
invitationonly;consideredstudentscompletethepreviousyear’scollegepreparatoryworkat
anA-levelorhonorsorAPworkataB+orbetter.
AdvancedPlacementEnglishLanguageandComposition
Offeredin2016-2017;Notofferedin2017-2018
APLanguagestudentsbecomeskilledintheuseandunderstandingofrhetoricand
argumentinavarietyofcontexts.Thiscoursefocusesonanalyzingnon-fictionand
argumentativetextsfromvarioustimeperiodsanddisciplines.Studentsreadandanalyze
academicsources,journalism,classicalphilosophy,creativenon-fiction,movies,satire,and
politicalcartoons,amongothertypesoftexts.Studentsutilizeastructuredwritingprocess
tocomposeexpositoryessaysthatengagethereaderandexecutenuancedargumentsin
formalandinformalwriting.Assessmentsincludewrittenworkalongwithevaluationsof
vocabulary,rhetoricalterms,andreadingcomprehension.
APEnglishLanguageisopentoeleventhandtwelfthgradestudentsbydepartmental
invitationonly.ItisofferedinalternatingyearswithAPEnglishLiterature,sostudentswho
wishtoapproachAPEnglishcourseworkshouldplancarefully.
AdvancedPlacementEnglishLiteratureandComposition
Notofferedin2016-2017;Offeredin2017-2018
APLiteraturestudentsapproachstudiedtextsusingstrategiesthatleadtoadeeper
readingofchallengingworkswhilealsofosteringanunderstandingofhowliterary
elementshelpcreatemeaning.Emphasisisplacedoncriticalthinkingandclosereadingsof
poetry,novels,anddrama,andstudentswillinterpretandanalyzeliteraryworksthrough
reactionpapersandin-classessays.Eachstudentcontributesthoughtfullytoclass
discussionsintheinformalsettingwherewetalkandlearntogether.
APEnglishLiteratureisopentoeleventhandtwelfthgradestudentsbydepartmental
invitationonly.ItisofferedinalternatingyearswithAPEnglishLanguage,sostudentswho
wishtoapproachAPEnglishcourseworkshouldplancarefully.
LanguageandComposition
LanguageandCompositionsupportsstudentsintheirfirstyearaftercompletingESL
courseworkastheyimprovewrittenandoralEnglishcommunicationskills.Students
participateinlivelyclassdiscussionseverydayoncontemporarytopics.Smallgroupsof
studentsworktogethertobuildconfidenceinspeakingandlistening.Thefocuson
fundamentalsofgoodwriting,includinggrammar,usage,andmechanics,supports
students’workintheirfirstcoreEnglishclass.Closereadingofatextisemphasizedto
improvereadingcomprehension;writingassignmentsareprompt-basedorinresponseto
readingassignments.
StudentsenrolledinLanguageandCompositionareco-enrolledinnon-ESLEnglishclasses
andcarryaTOEFLscorebelow80.
Journalism
Thiselectivecoursefocusesontheacademicstudyofwritingforpublicationand
journalisticresearch.Itbenefitsgirlswhoareinterestedincurrentevents,investigation,
andwriting.Itisanopportunityforstudentstoimprovetheirwritingthroughthe
explorationoftopicsthatinterestthem.Thecourseinvolvesguestspeakers,tripstothe
LindenHallarchives,andlivelyclassdiscussions.Writersofallabilitylevelsare
encouragedtotakethecourse.
RequiredCo-requisite:enrollmentincollege-preparatoryEnglish
Notofferedin2016-2017
EnglishDepartmentFlowChart
2016-2017
Grade6
English6
Grade7
English7
Grade8
English8
Grade9*
LiteratureandLanguage
HonorsHumanitiesEnglish
Grade10
AmericanLiterature
HonorsAmericanLiterature
Grade11
In2016-2017,
Women’sLiterature
Grade12
HonorsLiterature***
APLanguageandComposition
APLiteratureandComposition**
*Beginningingrade9,studentswhoearnaB+orbetteraverageintheprecedingclassandarerecommendedbythedepartment
maybeeligibleforHonorsorAPlevelcoursework.Selectioninanygivenyearisnotdependentuponhonorsselectioninany
previousyear.
**APLanguageandCompositionandAPLiteratureandCompositionareofferedinalternatingyearsandareopentostudentsin
grades11and12wheninvitedbythedepartment.
***HonorsTopicsinLiteraturecoursetitlesvarybyyear,andhaveincludedHonorsWorldLiteratureandHonorsWomen’s
Literature.HonorsLiteraturemaynotbeavailableeveryyear,dependinguponstudentneedsandteacheravailability.
EnglishasaSecondLanguageProgram–2016-2017
LindenHall’sESLprogramprovidesEnglishlanguagelearnerswiththeinstructional
supporttheyneedtobefullparticipantsintheircourseworkandengagedmembersofthe
largerLindenHallcommunity.ThegoalforstudentsengagedinESLclassesistoprogress
quicklytostandardcollege-preparatorycoursework.Followinganinitialplacementtest,
theESLplacementcommitteeusesacombinationofgrades,placementtestscores,and
teacherrecommendationstodetermineESLcourseplacementandwhenastudentisready
forpromotion.Studentsdonotselecttheirownplacement.
TheESLprogramincludesacombinationofdirectlanguageinstructionandcontent-based
coursestodevelopcommunicationskillsontheinterpersonalandacademiclevels.In
additiontocontentcoursesandstandardlanguageinstructioninthedomainsoflistening,
speaking,reading,andwriting,theESLprogramalsofeaturesextensivepreparationforthe
TOEFLiBTexam.
Anystudentwhofeelstheneedforadditionalsupportmayself-selecttojoinanESLcourse.
Additionalacademicsupportservicesmayalsobemadeavailableonanas-neededbasis.
StudentsareplacedintoESLcoursesbaseduponplacementtestingcompletedatLindenHall.
Testingiscompletedthreetimeseachyear,inAugust,November,andMay.Students’first
semestercourseworkisdeterminedbyAugusttesting,andUpperSchoolstudentsmay
advanceonelevelinESLcourseworkateachsemesterifappropriate.
PleasenotethattheTOEFLscorerecommendationsforcourseplacementarebeing
reviewedinSpring2016forimplementationinAugust2016.Studentswillbeinformed
ofanychangesandupdatespriortotheendoftheschoolyear.
Studentsarerequiredtocompleteafullyearofcollege-preparatoryEnglishworkbeyond
ESLcourseworkpriortograduation.
MiddleSchoolESL
ThiscourseisdesignedtosupportinternationalstudentsattheMiddleSchoollevelasthey
engagewiththeirdomesticpeersintheanalysisofLiterature.Emphasiswillbeplacedon
specificvocabularyandskillsacquisitionnecessarytoparticipateandexcelinactivities
suchasliteraturediscussions,peereditingsessions,andclasspresentationswithinour
standardLindenHallEnglishcurriculum.
StudentsinMSESLwillbeMiddleSchoolstudentswithTOEFLscoresbelow45orelsewillbe
assignedtotheclassbytheEnglishorESLdepartment.
RequiredCo-requisite:StandardMiddleSchoolEnglishcourse
ESLLiterature1
ESLLiterature1focusesonthefourlanguageskillsofreading,writing,speaking,and
listening–andonthecontentandskillsnecessarytobeginrespondingtotextinEnglishon
ananalyticallevel.Attheendofthiscourse,studentswillbebetterpreparedtonavigate
theEnglishlanguagedemandsofmainstreamhighschoolandcollegecoursesanddaily
interactions.
ESLLit1istakenbyUpperSchoolstudentswithTOEFLscoresbelow55inlieuofastandard
Englishcourse.StudentsmaybeassignedtotheclassbyTOEFLscoreorbytheEnglishand
ESLdepartments.
RequiredCo-requisites:ESLLanguage1,ESLHistory1
ESLLanguage1:EnglishLanguageFundamentals
StudentsinESLLanguage1willlearntouseEnglishgrammarformsnearlyaseasilyasa
multiplicationtable.Studentswillstudytheformandfunctionofwords,phrases,and
clauses.Greatemphasisisalsoplacedonwritingandpublicspeaking.
ESLLang1istakenbyUpperSchoolstudentswithTOEFLscoresbelow55inlieuofstudying
anadditionalworldlanguage.StudentsmaybeassignedtotheclassbyTOEFLscoreorbythe
EnglishandESLdepartments.
RequiredCo-requisites:ESLLiterature1,ESLHistory1
ESLHistory1
Thiscoursewillprovidestudentswithanintroductorysurveytothemajorevents,people,
documents,andideasofUnitedStateshistory.Thecoursecoverspre-Columbianto21stCenturyAmericanhistory;italsoplacesspecialfocusontheanalyticalanddiscussionskills
neededtosucceedinanAmericanclassroom.
ThiscourseDOESNOTfulfilltheU.S.historyrequirementforgraduation.
ESLHistory1istakenbyUpperSchoolstudentswithTOEFLscoresbelow55asafoundation
courseinUnitedStateshistory.StudentsmaybeassignedtotheclassbyTOEFLscoreorby
theEnglish,history,andESLdepartments.
RequiredCo-requisites:ESLLanguage1,ESLLiterature1
ESLMath&ScienceContentSupport
ThiscourseprovidesstudentsatESLlevel1withthelanguagesupporttheywillneedto
excelincollegeprep-levelmathandsciencecourses.Emphasiswillbeplacedondecoding
academictext,thestudyofwordrootsandfamilies,andeffectiveresearchpracticesforthe
Americanclassroom.
ESLContentSupportistakenbyUpperSchoolstudentswithTOEFLscoresbelow50orby
otherstudentsrequestingsupportintheircourseworkastheybecomeproficientinEnglish.
Studentsearningabovea50ontheNovemberTOEFLtestingmayelecttodropESLContent
Supportforsemester2;however,ESLContentSupportisstronglyrecommendedallyear.
ESLLiterature2
ESLLiterature2isdesignedtopreparestudentsfortheuseandapplicationofEnglishin
college-preparatory-levelacademicandreal-lifesettings.Themainfocusesarethefour
mainlanguageskills:reading,writing,speaking,andlistening.Readingincludesacademic
andliterarytextsandwritingvariousacademicessayforms.Studentspracticespeaking
andlisteningduringeachclass.Inaddition,thereisTOEFLpreparationandastresson
fluidityoforal/auralcommunications.
ESLLit2istakenbyUpperSchoolstudentswithTOEFLscoresbetween55and65inlieuofa
college-preparatoryEnglishcourse.StudentsareassignedtotheclassbyTOEFLscoreorby
theEnglishandESLdepartments.
RequiredCo-requisites:ESLLanguage2
ESLLanguage2:Application&Extension
ESLLanguage2focusesonthestructuralstudyoftheEnglishlanguage,withheavy
emphasisongrammar,writing,andspeaking.Studentswillmovebeyondfunctional
Englishtodevelopapersonalandprofessionalstyleofcommunicationthatwillservethem
effectivelyinhighschoolanduniversityclassesandonbothtypesofTOEFLtests,aswellas
inanyenvironmentwhereEnglishisused.
ESLLang2istakenbyUpperSchoolstudentswithTOEFLscoresbetween55and65inlieuof
studyinanadditionalworldlanguage.StudentsareassignedtotheclassbyTOEFLscoreor
bytheEnglishandESLdepartments.
RequiredCo-requisites:ESLLiterature2
LanguageandComposition
ThiscourserunbytheEnglishDepartmentsupportsstudentsintheirfirstyearafter
completingESLcourseworkastheyimprovewrittenandoralEnglishcommunication
skills.Studentsparticipateinlivelyclassdiscussionseverydayoncontemporarytopics.
Smallgroupsofstudentsworktogethertobuildconfidenceinspeakingandlistening.The
focusonfundamentalsofgoodwriting,includinggrammar,usage,andmechanics,supports
students’workintheirfirstcoreEnglishclass.Closereadingofatextisemphasizedto
improvereadingcomprehension;writingassignmentsareprompt-basedorinresponseto
readingassignments.
StudentsenrolledinLanguageandCompositionareUpperSchoolstudentsco-enrolledinnonESLEnglishclassesandwithaTOEFLscorebelow80.
EnglishasaSecondLanguageProgramFlowChart
2016-2017
MIDDLESCHOOL:
InMiddleSchool,EnglishLanguageLearnerswithTOEFLscoresbelow45*participateingrade-appropriateEnglishcourses
(English6,English7,orEnglish8)withtherequiredsupportoftheMiddleSchoolContentSupportESLclassinlieuofstudyof
anotherworldlanguage.
UPPERSCHOOL:
EnglishLanguageLearnersinUpperSchoolwithTOEFLscoresbelow65*
English
WorldLanguage
History
Math/Science
ESLLevel1
TOEFLlessthan55
ESLLiterature1
ESLLanguage1:
EnglishLanguage
Fundamentals
ESLHistory
ESLContentSupport
ESLLevel2
TOEFLbetween55and
65
ESLLiterature2
ESLLanguage2:
Application&
Extension
N/A
N/A
*Studentsaretestedthreetimesperyearin-house(inAugust,November,andMay);theymayalsoregistertotakeaTOEFL
off-campusatanytime.Placementforfirstsemestercourseworkisdeterminedbyastudent’stestscoreoncampusinAugust.
HistoryDepartment–2016-2017
TheHistoryDepartmentatLindenHallencourageseachstudenttodevelophercritical
thinkingskillswhileexpandingherknowledgeoftheworldaroundher.Courseswithinthe
departmentexaminewestern,world,U.S.,local,modern,andancienthistoryaswellas
relatedfieldsinthehumanitiesandsocialsciences.Weuseprimaryandsecondarysources,
classdiscussion,independentandguidedresearch,analyticalwriting,andstandardized
testpreparationasappropriate,Coursesinthedepartmentdevelopstudents’abilityto
interpretdata,thinkandwriteclearly,makecomparisons,drawconclusions,presentand
defendmaterial,conductresearch,andreadactively.
GlobalStudies
Sixth-gradestudentsexaminegeographyandculturefromtheancientworlduntiltoday.
StudentsbeginwithanintroductiontothestudyofgeographythroughareviewofAncient
Worldgeographyandculture;thentheyexpandtheirstudythroughthemodernday.The
courseteachestraditionaltasksandstudyskillssuchaschapternotesandmapexercisesas
studentsinvestigatetherolegeographyplaysincreatingregionalcultures,economies,and
identities.
WomeninHistory
Seventh-gradestudentsexaminetherolesandlivesofwomenthroughouthistoryand
aroundtheworld.
Civics
Eighth-gradestudentswillstudyanddiscusshowtheUnitedStatesgovernmentworkson
thenational,state,andlocallevelsandtherights,responsibilities,andbenefitsof
citizenship.StudentsalsodiscusscurrenteventsandtheirimpactonAmericandomestic
andforeignpolicies.Eachsemesterincludesaprojectthathasresearch,writing,and
presentationcomponents.
WorldHistory
Studentsingrades9and10willcompleteatwo-yearrotationofancientandmodernworld
history.In2016-2017,studentsinbothgradeswillcompletethemodernsection(Crises
andEncountersintheModernWorld).In2017-2018,studentsinbothgradeswillcomplete
theancientsection(CivilizationsandEmpiresintheAncientWorld).9thgraders
recommendedintohonorswillcompleteHonorsHumanitiesHistory(andHonors
HumanitiesEnglishintheEnglishDepartment).10thgradersrecommendedtohonorswill
completeAPWorldHistory(includingpreparationforandcompletionoftheMayexam).
HonorsHumanitiesHistory
ThisinterdisciplinarycoursemustbetakenconcurrentlywithHonorsHumanitiesEnglish.
Thiscoursestudieshistoryasdeeplyconnectedtoliteratureandart,holisticandwideranging,demandingandinterconnected.Thiscourseprovidesanthought-provoking
examinationofculturesandeventsthathelpedshapeearlymodernculture.Weexamine
multiplefactorsthathaveshapedhistory:political,economic,social,religious,intellectual,
andsocial.Wefollowanumberofthemesthroughouttheyear:theemergenceofculture
andinstitutions;thetensionbetweentheindividualandsociety;theevolutionand
interactionofreligionandphilosophy.
HonorsHumanitiesHistoryisopentoninthgradersbydepartmentalinvitationonly;tobe
considered,studentsmustcompleteCivicswithaconsistentA-gradeorabove.Studentsare
requiredtoco-enrollinHonorsHumanitiesEnglish.
AdvancedPlacementWorldHistory
APWorldHistoryoffersstudentsachallenging,college-levelworldhistorycoursethat
preparesthemfortheCollegeBoardexaminationinMay,arequirementoftheclass.AP
WorldHistoryfocusesondevelopingstudents’abilitiestothinkconceptuallyaboutworld
historyfromapproximately8000BCEtothepresentandapplyhistoricalthinkingskillsas
theylearnaboutthepast.Fivethemesofequalimportance—focusingontheenvironment,
cultures,state-building,economicsystems,andsocialstructures—provideareasof
historicalinquiryforinvestigationthroughoutthecourse.APWorldHistoryencompasses
thehistoryofthefivemajorgeographicalregionsoftheglobe:Africa,theAmericas,Asia,
Europe,andOceania,withspecialfocusonhistoricaldevelopmentsandprocessesthat
crossmultipleregions.
RequiredPre-Requisites:B+inHonorsHumanitiesHistoryorotherhonorsorAPhistory
courseORandA-inWorldHistoryorothercollege-preparatoryhistorycourse;TOEFLscore
at80orhigher;permissionofthedepartment.In2016-2017,studentsineleventhandtwelfth
grademaydiscussthepossibilityoftakingthiscoursewiththeDepartmentChair.
ESLHistory
Thiscoursewillprovidestudentswithanintroductorysurveytothemajorevents,people,
documents,andideasofUnitedStateshistory.Thecoursecoverspre-Columbianto
modernAmericanhistory;italsoplacesspecialfocusontheanalyticalanddiscussionskills
neededtosucceedinanAmericanclassroom.
ThiscourseDOESNOTfulfilltheU.S.historyrequirementforgraduation.
ESLHistoryistakenbyUpperSchoolstudentswithTOEFLscoresbelow55asafoundation
courseinUnitedStateshistory.StudentsmaybeassignedtotheclassbyTOEFLscoreorby
theEnglish,history,andESLdepartments.
RequiredCo-requisites:ESLLanguage1,ESLLiterature1
UnitedStatesHistory
ThiscourseoffersasurveyofU.S.historyfromtheColumbianExchangetothepresentday.
Weexaminethemultiplefactorsthathaveshapedhistory:political,economic,social,
religious,intellectual,andcultural.Wewillfollowanumberofthemesthroughouttheyear:
theemergenceofthecultureandinstitutions;thestrugglefornationalunityandidentity
amidstculturaldiversityandconflict;thepowerfulreformimpulseinsociety;theconflicts
betweenfreedomandorder,individualismandconformism,progressivismandnostalgia
forthepast,andstateandfederalpower.
ThiscoursefulfillsthegraduationrequirementinU.S.historyforLindenHall.Startingin
2016-2017,studentsmaytakethiscourseineleventhortwelfthgrade.
RequiredPre-requisite:TOEFLscoreexceeding80
HonorsandAdvancedPlacementU.S.History
ThiscourseoffersasurveyofU.S.historyfromtheColumbianExchangetothepresentday
withadditionalpreparationfortheSATSubjectTestand/orAdvancedPlacement
examinationinU.S.HistoryinMay,requiredcomponentsofthecourse.Studentsstudythe
formationanddevelopmentoftheAmericannation,politicalandeconomicgrowth,
internationalinteractions,andthechangeofthenation’ssupremacyontheworldstage.We
willconsiderthemultiplefactorsthathaveshapedhumanhistorymorebroadly:political,
economic,social,religious,intellectual,andcultural.Studentsbeginwitha
recommendationintoHonorsU.S.History;duringthefirstsemester,theteacherand
departmentchairwilldeterminewhichstudentsmaycontinueinAPU.S.Historyforthe
remainderoftheyear.
ThiscoursefulfillsthegraduationrequirementinU.S.historyforLindenHall.
HonorsandAPU.S.Historyareopentostudentsbydepartmentalinvitationonly;tobe
considered,studentsmustcompleteHonorsHumanitiesHistoryorAPWorldHistorywitha
minimumofB+orWorldHistoryatanA-level.
UPPERLEVELELECTIVECOURSES
UpperSchoolstudentsatLindenHallarerequiredtotakethreeyearsofhistoryintheir
highschoolyears;theyarerecommendedtocompletefourfullyears.Upperlevelelective
coursesareopentoeleventhandtwelfthgradestudentswhohavesuccessfullycompleted
theU.S.historygraduationrequirement.Offeringsdifferfromyeartoyearanddepend
uponteacheravailability,studentinterest,anddepartmentalneeds.Inrecentyears,
coursesthathavebeenofferedwithintheHistoryDepartmenthaveincluded:Archaeology,
ArtHistory,Microeconomics,APEuropeanHistory,APMicroeconomics,andAP
Psychology.
Archaeology
Thisisanintroductorycoursethatexposesstudentstotheartandartifactsoftheancient
MediterraneanworldincludingEgypt.Studentspracticecriticalanalysisandexamine
ancienthistorywithinanarchaeologicalcontext.Thiscourseintroducesarchaeological
methodsandresearch.
RequiredPre-requisites:EuropeanHistoryorHonorsHumanitiesSocialStudies,TOEFLscore
at80orhigher.
Notofferedin2016-2017
ArtHistory
Thiscourseconnectsarttocultural,political,economic,andsocialforcesthatshaped
creativeartistsandtheirworks.Studentsacquireaworkingknowledgeofthespecialized
vocabularyusedinarthistoryandgainabasicunderstandingofWesternEuropeanart
historylinkedtohistoricalevents,intellectualhistory,andscientificandculturaltrends.
Theybecomefamiliarwithkeyworksofart,artists,styles,materials,andworkingmethods
astheyenhancetheirvisualliteracyandcriticalthinkingskills.Studentsdiscussartistic
referencesinadvertisementandposter,onclothing,andinfilmandothermedia.
RequiredPre-requisites:EuropeanHistoryorHonorsHumanitiesSocialStudies,TOEFLscore
at80orhigher.
Microeconomics
Thisintroductorycourseexaminesthemethodsandtheoriesofmicroeconomics.Students
studytheideasofopportunitycost,howmarketsworkandarestructured,firmbehavior,
monopoly,monopsony,oligopoly,factorsofproduction,consumerbehaviorandchoice,
externalities,andotherelementsofeconomicthought.Studentswilldiscusseconomic
currenteventsandcompleteavarietyofsimulationstobetterexaminehowtheorymeets
therealworld.
RequiredPre-requisites:completionofAlgebra2,TOEFLscoreat80orhigher
SuggestedPre-requisite:completionofPre-Calculus
AdvancedPlacementEuropeanHistory
APEuropeanHistoryoffersstudentsachallenging,college-levelEuropeanhistorycourse
primarilyfocusingontheperiodfrom1450tothepresentwhiletheyprepareforthe
CollegeBoardexaminationinMay,arequirementoftheclass.Inadditiontotextbookwork,
weexaminevariousprimaryandsecondarysourcesfortheirhistoricalimportanceand
theirunderlyingbiasesandpointsofview,workontimeddocument-basedquestionand
thematicquestionessays,andpracticemultiplechoicestandardizedtesttaking.
RequiredPre-requisites:B+inHonorsU.S.History,APU.S.History,orotherhonorsor
AdvancedPlacementlevelhistorycourseoranA-inU.S.Historyorotherregularlevelhistory
course;TOEFLscoreat80orhigher;permissionofdepartment.
AdvancedPlacementMicroeconomics
APMicroeconomicsoffersstudentsachallenging,college-levelcourseastheypreparefor
theCollegeBoardexaminationinMay,arequirementoftheclass.Studentsapproachthe
studyofmicroeconomicsthroughtheirtextandvariousnewsandeditorialsources.
Studentslookforeconomicrelevanceandunderlyingbiasesandpointsofview,workon
timeddocument-basedquestionandthematicquestionessays,andpracticemultiplechoice
standardizedtesttaking.
RequiredPre-requisites:B+inHonorsU.S.History,APU.S.History,orotherhonorsor
AdvancedPlacementlevelhistorycourseoranA-inU.S.Historyorotherregularlevelhistory
course;TOEFLscoreat80orhigher;completionofAlgebra2;permissionofdepartment.
SuggestedPre-requisite:CompletionofPre-Calculus
AdvancedPlacementPsychology
Thiscourseintroducesstudentstothescientificstudyofhumanandnon-humanbehavior
andpreparesstudentstocompletetheCollegeBoardexaminationinMay,arequirementof
theclass.Thecourseaddressesavarietyoftopicsrangingfromthebraintosocial
psychology.Studentsexaminetopicsfrombiological,cognitive,psychoanalytical,
evolutionary,humanistic,andsocialperspectives.
RequiredPre-requisites:B+inHonorsU.S.History,APU.S.History,orotherhonorsor
AdvancedPlacementlevelhistorycourseoranA-inU.S.Historyorotherregularlevelhistory
course;TOEFLscoreat80orhigher;permissionofdepartment.
HistoryandSocialStudiesDepartmentFlowChart
2016-2017
Grade6
GlobalStudies
Grade7
WomeninHistory
Grade8
Civics
Grade9***
Grade10
Grade11
(classof2019)
Grade11
(classof2018)
Grade12
WorldHistory
U.S.History***
HonorsHumanitiesHistory(9)
APWorldHistory(10)
HonorsU.S.History
APU.S.History
Upper-levelelectivecoursesincluding:ArtHistory,Microeconomics,APEuropeanHistory,
APMicroeconomics,andAPPsychology,
*Beginningingrade9,studentswhoearnaB+orbetteraverageintheprecedingclassandarerecommendedbythedepartment
maybeeligibleforHonorsorAPlevelcoursework.Selectioninanygivenyearisnotdependentuponhonorsselectioninany
previousyear.
**Startingwiththeclassof2019,studentsingrades9and10willcompleteatwo-yearrotationofancientandmodernworld
history.In2016-2017,studentsinbothgradeswillcompletethemodernsection(CrisesandEncountersintheModernWorld).
In2017-2018,studentsinbothgradeswillcompletetheancientsection(CivilizationsandEmpiresintheAncientWorld).9th
gradersrecommendedintohonorswillcompleteHonorsHumanitiesHistory(andHonorsHumanitiesEnglishintheEnglish
Department).10thgradersrecommendedtohonorswillcompleteAPWorldHistory(includingpreparationforandcompletionof
theMayexam).
***TograduatefromLindenHall,studentsmustsuccessfullycompletethreecreditsofUpperSchoolhistoryclasses,oneofwhich
mustbeUnitedStateshistory.Classesthatmeetthisrequirementare:U.S.History,HonorsU.S.History,andAPU.S.History.
MathematicsDepartment–2016-2017
TheMathematicsDepartmentatLindenHallisdevotedtodevelopingthereasoningand
problemsolvingskillsofeachstudentandtoinstillingconfidenceinherabilityinour
discipline.Weincorporatetheuseoftechnologytoenhancelearningandmasteryof
concepts,andprovideacollaborativeworkingenvironmentthatemphasizesfurther
developmentofcommunicationskills.Weofferadvancedplacementandhonorslevel
coursesformorerigorousstudy,andwepreparefor,andparticipatein,variousmath
competitionsforgirlsinterestedinpursuingadditionalworkinmathoutsidetheirregular
coursework.Wealsoprovideapeer-tutoringprogramtoenhancecommunicationand
leadershipskills.
Mathematics6
TheMathematics6curriculumencouragesactivestudentengagementinsolvingreal-life
problems,especiallyastheyrelatetotheirsciencecurriculum.Studentswilllearnto
computeandestimateaccuratelywithfractionsandmixednumbersusingalloperations.
Theyareintroducedtopercentages,ratios,exponents,planegeometry,andone-andtwostepalgebraicequationswithwholenumbersanddecimals.Throughouttheyear,
mathematicalconceptsaretaughtandreinforcedthroughcollaborativecriticalthinking
activitiesandprojects.
Mathematics7
TheMathematics7curriculumfocusesoncomputationalproficiency,critical-thinkingskills
anddevelopinganorganizedapproachtoproblemsolving.Studentsstudyintegers,
rationalnumbers,thecoordinatesystem,percentages,andproportions.Theyinvestigate
thepracticalapplicationsoftwo-dimensionalgeometryandareintroducedtosolid
geometry.MathematicalconceptsandExcelskillsaretaughtandreinforcedthrough
collaborativecriticalthinkingactivitiesandprojects.
Pre-Algebra
Pre-Algebraaddressesthetransitionfromarithmetictothebasicelementsoftheoretical
mathematics.Thiscourseemphasizescritical-thinkingskillsthatenablestudentstothink
mathematicallyandrelateideasandconcepts.Pre-Algebrafocusesonwritingandsolving
multistepequationsandinequalities,alloperationswithrationalnumbers,proportions,
percentages,squareroots,thePythagoreanTheorem,graphinglinearequations,andsolid
geometry.MathematicalconceptsandExcelskillsaretaughtandreinforcedthrough
collaborativecriticalthinkingactivitiesandprojects.
Algebra1
ThiscoursebuildsonskillsdevelopedinPre-Algebraandprovidesthefoundationforall
UpperSchoolmathcourses.InAlgebra1,studentsdeepentheirunderstandingoflinear
functionsandinequalities,systemsofequationsandinequalitiesandtheirgraphs.Students
areintroducedtofactoring,polynomials,radicalequations,alloperationswithrational
expressions,andquadraticequations.Throughouttheyear,studentsworkcollaboratively
toapplytheskillstheylearninsolvingwordproblems.Inaddition,theyparticipateinboth
individualandgroupprojectsinwhichtheyexploreandsolvereal-lifeproblems.
Geometry
ThiscourseintroducesstudentstotheconceptsofEuclideanGeometry.Studentsinthis
coursestudythepropertiesofgeometricfiguresanddevelopabstractandlogicalthinking
skillsthroughdeductiveandinductivereasoningtechniques.Emphasisisplacedon
justifyingconjecturesbywritingproofs.Topicsstudiedincludepropertiesoftriangles,
includingrighttriangletrigonometry,quadrilaterals,congruence,andsimilarity.
Algebra2
Thiscoursereinforcesandextendsstudents’understandingofconceptsfromprevious
mathcoursesandteachesmoresophisticatedproblem-solvingskills.Focusintheclassis
placedonmasteringquadraticequationsandsolvingthemwithgraphing.Otherfunctions
studiedincluderational,exponential,andlogarithmicfamiliesofequations.Emphasisis
placedontheprocessesusedtofindsolutionsratherthanonthesolutionsthemselves.
Studentslearndifferentproblem-solvingstrategiesandexplainthemethodsusedtofind
solutionsbothinoralandwrittenform.Technologyisusedinavarietyofwaystoenhance
learning.
HonorsAlgebra2
ThiscoursecoversthematerialtaughtinAlgebra2,andisenhancedwithsomeadditional
topics.Studentsareexpectedtodisplaystrongproblem-solvingskillsandapproach
problemsindependently.Studentsbuildtheirconfidencebydoingmorementalmathand
applyingbasicmathematicalthoughtprocesses.
RequiredPre-Requisite:87%orhighergradeinAlgebra1;permissionofthedepartment.
DiscreteMathematics
Thiscoursestrengthensandreinforcesstudents’mathskillsasstudentscompleteworkin
theareasofsetsandlogic,numbertheory,systemsofequations,andgraphing.Emphasisis
placedontheprocessesusedtosolveproblems,ratherthansimplyarrivingatthecorrect
answer.Studentslearnmanydifferentproblem-solvingstrategiestofindsolutionsand
learnhowtoexplaintheirmethodsinbothoralandwrittenform.
Pre-Calculus
Thiscourseexploresbasicfunctions(linear,quadratic,power,polynomial,rational,
trigonometric,absolutevalue,andgreatestinteger)andtheiralgebraicpropertieswithan
emphasisontheirgraphical,algebraic,andnumericalrepresentations.Anin-depthstudyof
trigonometricfunctionsincludesright-anglegeometry,inversetrigonometricfunctions,
trigonometricidentitiesandproofs,trigonometricproofs,trigonometricequations,theLaw
ofSines,LawofCosines,andothertrigonometricapplications.
RequiredPre-Requisite:80%orhighergradeinAlgebra2;permissionofthedepartment.
HonorsPre-Calculus
ThiscoursecoversthematerialcoveredinPre-Calculus,butatasignificantlyfasterpace;
sometopicsarecoveredmorein-depth.Someadditionaltopicsareintroduced.
Requiredpre-requisite:87%orhigherinGeometryandHonorsAlgebra2or90%orhigherin
Algebra2;permissionofthedepartment
AdvancedPlacementCalculusAB
Calculusisthestudyofinstantaneousratesofchange.Studentsinthiscourselearnhow
mathematiciansanswerscience'spleaforsolutionsofquestionsofratesofchangein
populationgrowth,interestincome,distancetraveled,andmore.Studentsexploretheidea
ofaderivativeastheslopeofacurveaswellasitsapplications.Theinversefunction,or
integral,isexploredasameanstocalculateareaandvolume.Theclassemploysateam
approachtolearningconceptsofcalculustogetherwithtechnologicalaides.Studentswill
preparefortheAPexaminMay.
RequiredPre-requisites:successfulcompletionofPre-Calculus;permissionofthedepartment.
AdvancedPlacementCalculusBC
ThiscourseincludesallthecontentinAPCalculusABaswellasthecalculusofparametric,
polar,andvectorfunctions.Emphasisisplacedontheconvergenceofsequencesandseries.
AllstudentsprepareforandtaketheAPexaminMay.
RequiredPre-requisities:successfulcompletionofHonorsPre-Calculus;permissionofthe
department.
AdvancedPlacementStatistics
Thestudyofstatisticsteachesstudentstocommunicatemethods,results,and
interpretationsofdatausingthelanguageofmathematics.Studentsusegraphing
calculatorsandcomputersoftwaretoimproveconceptualunderstandingofabstract
conceptsbyexploringandanalyzingdata,assessingmodels,andperformingsimulations.
StudentscompletingthiscourseontheAPlevelmustcompletetheexaminMay.
RequiredPre-Requisite:Algebra2oranycoursecompletedafterAlgebra2.Thiscourseis
opentoEnglish-proficientsophomoreswhocompletedAlgebra2withanaverageof85%or
higher.
LinearAlgebra
MultivariableCalculus
Thesecoursesinvolvecollege-levelstudyforstudentswhohavesuccessfullycompletedAP
Calculus.Approvedstudentswillbemotivated,independentlearnerswhowillbeableto
successfullynavigatetheonlineenvironmentatOnlineSchoolforGirls.
IntroductiontoComputerProgramming
AdvancedPlacementComputerScience
Inconjunctionwiththesciencedepartment,theseelectivecoursesareofferedtostrongly
interested,self-motivatedstudentswithatrackrecordofsuccessinindependentwork
throughLindenHall’srelationshipwithOnlineSchoolforGirls.Becausethisisanelective
course,thereisacoursefeeassociatedwithtakingthisclassanditdoesnotsatisfyLinden
Hall’sgraduationrequirementinmathematics.Interestedstudentsshouldbeginbyhaving
aconversationwithMs.Teske.
MathematicsDepartmentFlowChart
2016-2017
UponentryatLindenHall,studentsareplacedinthemostappropriatemathcourse;
subsequentcoursesdependuponinitialplacement.
MiddleSchoolMath
(Math6/Math7)
Pre-Algebra
Algebra1
Geometry
Algebra2*
DiscreteMathematics
Calculus
HonorsAlgebra2*
Pre-Calculus*
APCalculusAB
HonorsPre-Calculus
APCalculusBC
LinearAlgebra
MultivariableCalculus
Studentsmayelecttotake*APStatisticsatanytimefollowingAlgebra2,HonorsAlgebra2,
orPre-Calculusasnotedabove.TheMathematicsDepartmentrecommendsthatstudents
plantotakeAPStatisticsasanadditionalorterminalmathcourse,ratherthaninterrupting
theflowofprogressionthroughmathematicscoursework.
ScienceDepartment–2016-2017
Weencouragestudentstodeveloptheirunderstandingofthenaturalworldaroundthem
andoftechnologicaladvances.Wealsoemphasizethedevelopmentoftheanalyticaland
logicalthinkingskillsnecessarytosucceedinthesciencesthrough:
• OurPhysicsFirstcurriculum,whichintroducesstudentsfirsttothephysical
sciences,andprovidesthemwiththeconceptsthatarethebasisforunderstanding
physics,chemistry,andbiology.
• Coursesthatintroducethemajorideasofsciencethroughtheuseoflaboratory
techniquesfoundin21stcenturyscience.
• Discussionofrecentadvancesmadeinscience,theworldofopportunitiesavailable
inmodernscience,andtheimpactthatsciencehasonoursocietyandenvironment.
EnvironmentalScience
Sixth-gradestudentslearnabouttheEarth’satmosphere,hydrosphere,andecology.The
focusisonlifescienceandtheinteractionbetweenlivingorganismsandourphysical
environment.Studentsdevelopinquiryskills,STEMskills,scienceconcepts,andvocabulary
throughinquiryandapplication.
ForensicScience
Thisseventh-gradecourseisanintroductiontoforensicscience:thescienceusedtosolve
crimes.ForensicScienceemphasizesthescientificmethodandincludestopicsinphysics,
chemistry,andbiology.Studentsuseideasfromallfieldsofsciencethroughdiscussionand
hands-onlaboratoryexercises.Studentsparticipateenthusiasticallyinsolvingmysteries.
Engineering
Thiseighth-grade,project-basedcourseincorporatesamixtureofscience,math,critical
thinking,andproblem-solvingskills.Studentsexploretheengineeringworldthroughthe
lensoftheengineeringdesignandmodelingprocess.Wewillstudytheuseofenergyin
engineering,electricityandelectronics,andengineeringproductionsystems.Additionally,
studentsdevelopanunderstandingofthedifferentfieldsinengineering.
Physics
Physicsintroducesstudentstotheunderlyingrulesgoverningtheworldaroundus.
Studentsexploreconceptsofmotion,force,momentum,energyandwork,propertiesof
matter,electricityandmagnetism,andwavesthroughindependentandgroupwork.
Laboratoryexperimentsareintendedtoengagestudents’problem-solvingandcritical
thinkingskills;studentsdevelopskillsinscientificresearchandwriting.
RequiredCo-requisite:Algebra1orhigher
HonorsPhysics
AllninthgradersatLindenHallbegintheschoolyearinPhysics.Honors
Physicsdesignationwillbeawardedinthesecondquartertostudentswhoreceive
ateacherrecommendationandhavecommittedtoandbegunworkonasciencefair
experiment.Completingthesciencefairwillrequirestudentstobeindependentlyminded
astheyapplythescientificmethodtaughtinclasstodesign,performandpresentan
experiment.Theseexperimentswillpushstudentstodeveloptheirscientificresearchand
writingskills,aswellastheiranalyticalskills,aboveandbeyondwhatisrequiredfor
Physics.WhilethePhysicscurriculumwillsupporttheconceptsthestudentsmaybe
exploring,studentsshouldbeawarethatverylittleclasstimewillbedevotedtothe
completionoftheproject,whichwillbedueattheendofJanuary.Successfulpresentation
oftheprojectattheLindenHallsciencefairisrequiredtomaintainhonorsdesignation.
RequiredCo-requisite:Geometry;collegepreporhonors-levelEnglish;permissionofthe
department
Chemistry
Chemistry,commonlycalledthecentralscience,isthestudyofmatter,anyobservable
changethatmatterexperiences,andtheenergydifferencesthataccompanychangesin
matter.Thiscourseexploresmatteratitsfundamentallevels,focusingonthree
perspectives:theatomic,theobservable,andthesymbolic.Skillsincriticalthinkingand
problemsolvingareessentialasstudentsmanipulateinformationandsynthesizeconcepts
inlaboratoryexercisesandclassroomexploration.Theuseofthelanguageandvocabulary
ofchemistryisemphasizedthroughclassdiscussionandstudentswork.
HonorsChemistry
ApproachingChemistryonthehonorslevelincludesalltheideasexploredinChemistry;
additionally,studentscompletecomplex,math-basedandconceptualproblemsselectedto
expandstudents’depthofknowledgeinthissubjectessentialtoadvancedworkinother
sciences.
RequiredPre-requisites:Physics;permissionofthedepartment;co-enrollmentinanAlgebra2
class;co-enrollmentincollegepreparatoryorhonors-levelEnglish
Biology
Biologyisthestudyoflife.Itisthestudyofhoworganismsdevelop,function,and
reproduce.Studentslearnconceptsandtechniquesofmodernbiology,including:cellular
structureandfunction,molecularbiology,biochemistry,genetics,evolution,classification
andcharacteristicsoflivingorganisms(plantsandanimals),andecology.Studentsgainan
understandingofandappreciationforthiscomplexsciencethroughlaboratoryexercises
andclasswork.Criticalthinkingandproblem-solvingskillsareemphasizedthrough
individualandgroupwork.
HonorsBiology
ApproachingBiologyonthehonorslevelincludesalltheideasexploredinBiology,plus
additionalworkthatexploresmoreindepthtopicsessentialtotheunderstandingoflife
sciencethroughinquiry-basedexercises.StudentscompletingHonorsBiologywillbe
preparedandencouragedtotaketheSATSubjectAreaTestinMay.
RequiredCo-requisite:co-enrollmentincollegepreparatoryorhonors-levelEnglish;
permissionofthedepartment
AdvancedPlacementPhysics
StudentsinAPPhysicsexploreprinciplesofNewtonianmechanics(includingrotational
motion);work,energy,andpower;mechanicalwavesandsound;andintroductory,simple
circuitsinthiscollege-levelcourseequivalenttoonesemester’sstudyofintroductory
physics.Intheinquiry-basedlaboratory,studentsestablishlinesofevidenceandusethem
todevelopandrefinetestableexplanationsandpredictionsofnaturalphenomena.
StudentsenrolledinthiscoursearerequiredtotaketheAdvancedPlacementexamination
inMay.
RequiredPre-requisites:AaverageinPhysicsorHonorsPhysics;recommendationand
permissionofthedepartment
RequiredCo-requisite:mathclassofCalculusorhigher
AdvancedPlacementChemistry
TheAPChemistrycourseprovidesstudentswithafoundationtosupportfutureadvanced
courseworkinchemistryasworkequivalenttoafullyear’sintroductiontocollege-level
chemistryiscompleted.Studentscultivatetheirunderstandingofchemistryandscience
practicesastheyexploretopicssuchas:atomicstructure,intermolecularforcesand
bonding,chemicalreactions,kinetics,thermodynamics,andequilibrium.Throughinquirybasedlearningandlaboratoryexercises,studentsdevelopcriticalthinkingandreasoning
skills.StudentsenrolledinAPChemistryarerequiredtotaketheCollegeBoardexamin
May.
RequiredPre-requisites:AaverageinChemistryorHonorsChemistryandAlgebra2;coenrollmentincollegepreparatoryorhonors-levelEnglish;recommendationandpermissionof
department
AdvancedPlacementBiology
APBiologyistheequivalenttoayearlongintroductorycollege-levelbiologycourse.
Studentscultivatetheirunderstandingofbiologythroughinquiry-basedinvestigationsas
theyexplorethefollowingtopics:evolution,cellularprocesses–energyand
communication,genetics,informationtransfer,ecology,andinteractions.Laboratory
exercisesareemphasized.StudentsinAPBiologyarerequiredtocompletetheAPexamin
May.
RequiredPre-requisites:AaverageinBiologyorHonorsBiologyandChemistryorHonors
Chemistry;recommendationandpermissionofdepartment
AdvancedPlacementEnvironmentalScience
TheAPEnvironmentalSciencecourseistheequivalentofaone-semester,introductory
collegecourseinenvironmentalscience,throughwhichstudentsengagewiththescientific
principles,concepts,andmethodologiesrequiredtounderstandtheinterrelationshipsof
thenaturalworld.Thecourserequiresthatstudentsidentifyandanalyzenaturaland
human-madeenvironmentalproblems,evaluatetherelativerisksassociatedwiththese
problems,andexaminealternativesolutionsforresolvingorpreventingthem.
EnvironmentalScienceisinterdisciplinary,embracingtopicsfromgeology,biology,
environmentalstudies,environmentalscience,chemistry,andgeography.
LindenHalloffersthiselectivecoursetointerestedstudentsthroughtheOnlineSchoolfor
Girls.
RequiredPre-requisites:B+averageinBiologyorHonorsBiologyandChemistryorHonors
Chemistry;recommendationandpermissionofthedepartment
ELECTIVECOURSESINSCIENCE
UpperSchoolstudentsatLindenHallarerequiredtotakethreeyearsofscienceintheir
highschoolyears;theyarerecommendedtocompletefourfullyears.Upperlevelelective
coursesareopentoeleventhandtwelfthgradestudentswhohavesuccessfullycompleted
previoussciencecoursework.Offeringsdifferfromyeartoyearanddependuponteacher
availability,studentinterest,anddepartmentalneeds.Electivecourseworkcurrentlylisted
for2015-2016includes:Biochemistry,Biomechanics,IntroductiontoComputer
Programming,andRobotics.Electiveofferingswilldependuponstudentinterestand
teacheravailability.
Biomechanics
Biomechanicsisusuallystudiedasabranchofanatomyandphysiology.Thisyearlong
studyofhowthebodymovesfocusesonthemuscular-skeletalsystemandhowcommon
physicstenetscanbeappliedtoit.Videoanalysiswillbeusedregularlytostudycommon
motionsinday-to-daylife,inathletics,andinart.
RequiredPre-requisites:successfulcompletionofPhysics,Biology,andAlgebra2
IntroductiontoComputerProgramming
AdvancedPlacementComputerScience
Inconjunctionwiththemathematicsdepartment,theseelectivecoursesareofferedto
stronglyinterested,self-motivatedstudentswithatrackrecordofsuccessinindependent
workthroughLindenHall’srelationshipwithOnlineSchoolforGirls.Becausethisisan
electivecourse,thereisacoursefeeassociatedwithtakingthisclass.Interestedstudents
shouldbeginbyhavingaconversationwithMs.Teske.
Robotics
Thishands-onproject-based,STEM-focusedcourseintroducesstudentstotheexciting
worldofrobotics.Studentsstudyroboticcomponents,includingelectronics,circuits,and
sensors,aswellasmechanicalandpneumaticpower.Studentsdevelopskillsinmechanical
designandcomputerprogramming.Throughouttheyear,studentsparticipateinrobot
challengesandthecourseculminatesinateamdesignchallenge.
ScienceDepartmentFlowChart
2016-2017
Grade6
EnvironmentalScience
Grade7
ForensicScience
Grade8
Engineering
Grade9*
Physics
HonorsPhysics
Grade10
Chemistry
HonorsChemistry
Grade11**
Biology
HonorsBiology
Grade12
Electiveofferings:Biomechanics,Introductionto
ComputerProgramming,APComputerScience,
Robotics
APPhysics
APChemistry
APBiology
APEnvironmentalScience***
*Beginningingrade9,studentswhoearnanA-orbetteraverageintheprecedingclassandarerecommendedbythedepartment
maybeeligibleforHonors-levelcoursework.Selectioninanygivenyearisnotdependentuponhonorsselectioninanyprevious
year.
**StudentsmayelecttoparticipateinAdvancedPlacementcourseworkinsciencebeginningintheeleventhgrade;werecommend
thatadvancedstudentsconsideringtakinganAPclassinthejunioryearco-enrollinHonorsBiologyandanAPcourseonlyafter
carefulconsiderationwiththedepartment.
***APEnvironmentalScienceisofferedasanelectivecoursethroughLindenHall’srelationshipwithOnlineSchoolforGirls.There
isafeeassociatedwithselectingthisclass.
WorldLanguagesDepartment–2016-2017
IntheWorldLanguageDepartment,webelievethattheacquisitionofasecondlanguageis
anintegralpartofeverystudent’seducation.Knowledgeofanotherlanguageprovidesan
insightintootherculturesandotherpeopleandthereforecreatesabetterunderstanding
oftheworld.
AnnualadvancementinWorldLanguagesisastraightforwardprogressionthroughlevels,
providedthatstudentsaredisplayingmasteryinagivenyear.Selectionforhonors-level
classestakesplaceduringtheschoolyear,andadvanced-levelclassesmaybetaughtin
conjunctionwithAdvancedPlacementcourses.
Classics1:Latin
SixthgradestudentsstudythefundamentalsoftheLatinlanguage:vocabulary,grammar,
andsyntax.TextsandtextintranslationisusedtoexaminevariousaspectsofRoman
society.ThiscourselaysthefoundationforthestudyofEnglishandotherRomance
languageslikeFrenchandSpanish.
Classics2:Greek
SeventhgradestudentsstudythefundamentalsoftheGreeklanguage:vocabulary,
morphology,andsyntax.UnderstandingthebasicsofGreekadvancesstudents’studyof
EnglishandotherEuropeanlanguages,andfamiliaritywiththeGreekscriptprepares
studentsforreadingcomprehensionofnon-Europeanlanguages.Interdepartmentalwork
willcontributetothestudyofGreekhistory,mythology,andculture.
French1
French1isanintroductionandfoundationtothestudyofFrenchlanguage,literature,and
culture.Studentsintenselystudyvocabularyandgrammarstructurestobuildthebasefor
continuingstudyofthelanguage.Throughtheuseofappropriate-levelauthentictextsand
resources,studentslearncommonlyusedFrenchwordsandidiomaticexpressionsand
begintowriteandspeakinfullsentencesandparagraphsinFrench.
French2
French2buildsuponworkcompletedinFrench1intheuseofauthentictextsand
resourcestobuildFrenchvocabulary,grammar,andunderstandingofFrancophone
cultures.StudentsdevelopandimproveFrenchreading,writing,speaking,andlistening
skills,whilealsobroadeningtheirunderstandingofFrenchgrammaticalstructures.
French3
TheFrench3classbuildsuponthegrammarandvocabularystudiedinlevels1and2.
Studentslearnmorecomplexgrammarstructures,includingathoroughstudyofthe
subjunctiveverbmood.StudentscontinuetodeveloptheirFrenchreading,writing,
speaking,andlisteningskills.Thereisastrongemphasisonwritingandspeaking,as
studentsareexpectedtospeakinFrencheverydayandtosubmitweeklyjournalentries
writteninFrench.Inaddition,studentsreadanddiscussavarietyofshortstoriesin
French.
French4Honors
French4Honorsincludesareviewofallofthegrammaticalstructureslearnedinthe
previouslevelsofstudy.Studentscontinuetohonetheirreading,writing,listeningand
speakingskillswithdailyconversationsinFrench,weeklywritingassignments,andregular
readingandlisteningassignmentsbothinsideandoutsideofclass.Studentsreadstories
andliteratureexcerptsspanningthecenturiesofFrenchhistory,readanddiscusscurrent
eventsfromFranceandtheFrancophoneworld,lookatandanalyzeFrenchworksofart,
andlistentoanddiscussFrenchmusic.StudentsenrolledinHonorsFrench4maychoose
totaketheSATSubjectTestinMay.
AdvancedPlacementFrenchLanguageandCulture
APFrenchhonesstudents’Frenchreading,writing,speaking,andlisteningskillsin
preparationfortheCollegeBoardtestinMay.Readingandwritingarecompletedwith
primarysourcedocuments,AP-stylepracticeactivities,essays,e-mailsandreactionpieces,
andoriginallanguageFrenchliteratureandpoetryspanningthecenturies.
Mandarin1
ThisfoundationcourseteachesMandarinChinesethroughculturalactivitiesandthemebasedlanguagelessonsfocusedontheareasofspeaking,listening,reading,writing,and
typing.StudentslearnPinyinaswellasbasicChinesesentencestructureandgrammar.
StudentsexperienceChinesecultureincelebrationofmajorChineseholidays.Students
engageinsmallconversationsintroducingthemselvesandtheirfamily.Studentsbegin
learningtowriteChinesecharacterswiththecorrectstrokeorderandtotypeChinese.
Mandarin2
ThiscoursebuildsuponworkcompletedinMandarin1asstudentsadvanceintheir
knowledgeofsentencestructureandgrammarastheybecomemorefamiliarwiththe
language.StudentsaimtoperfecttheirtonesandChinesecharacterwritingandtypingas
wellaslisteningandspeakingskills.Studentsdeepentheirloveofthelanguageasthey
becomemoreawareoftheirowncultureandlanguage.Studentsengageinsimple
conversationsaboutplacestheylive,transportation,food,andweather.
Mandarin3
Thisintermediate-levelcoursestudiesmorecomplexgrammarrulesandsentence
structures.Studentsusethetargetlanguageeverydayinthiscourseandengageinmore
sophisticatedcommunicationandconversationsabouttopicslikeaskingforhelpand
summerplans.StudentscontinuetoexpandtheirknowledgeandunderstandingofChinese
cultureandexploretheChinese-speakingcommunitiesnearby.
Mandarin4Honors
Fluencyisthegoalofthisintermediatetoadvancedlevelcourse.Communication,cultures,
connections,comparisons,andcommunitiesarestressedbyusingauthenticlanguagein
real-lifecontexts.StudentsdemonstratetheirChineselanguageabilityintheareasof
reading,writing,listening,andspeaking.Thisclassisconductedmainlyinthetarget
languageandstudentsareencouragedtospeakMandarinChineseatalltimes.Students
developtheirconfidenceinusingthelanguagetoinitiateaconversationinaculturally
appropriatemannerandengageinmoreprofounddiscussion.
AdvancedMandarin
Thiscourse,designedforadvancedlevelhighschoolstudents,providesstudentswith
maximumopportunitiestodeveloptheirlanguageproficiencies.Thefocusisacrossthe
threecommunicativemodesincludinginterpersonal(listening,speaking,reading,and
writingskills),interpretive(listeningandreadingskills),andpresentational(speakingand
writingskills)andfivegoalareasofcommunication,cultures,connections,comparisons,
andcommunities.
AdvancedPlacementChineseLanguageandCulture
TheAPChineseLanguageandCulturecourseinMandarinChineseemphasizes
communication(understandingandbeingunderstoodbyothers)byapplying
interpersonal,interpretive,andpresentationalskillsinreal-lifesituations.Thisincludes
vocabularyusage,languagecontrol,communicationstrategies,andculturalawareness.The
APChineseLanguageandCulturecoursestrivesnottooveremphasizegrammatical
accuracyattheexpenseofcommunication.Tobestfacilitatethestudyoflanguageand
culture,thecourseistaughtalmostexclusivelyinChinese.TheAPChineseLanguageand
Culturecourseengagesstudentsinanexplorationofcultureinbothcontemporaryand
historicalcontexts.Thecoursedevelopsstudents’awarenessandappreciationofcultural
products,(e.g.,tools,books,music,laws,conventions,institutions);practices(patternsof
socialinteractionswithinaculture);andperspectives(values,attitudes,andassumptions).
Spanish1
Spanish1introducesgrammarprinciples,culturalthemes,andprovidesasimplestructure
ofthelanguagethroughreading,writing,listening,andspeaking.Thiscourseisa
foundationforfurtherstudyofthelanguageandincludesthepresenttenseofregularand
irregularverbs,vocabularyneededforintroductory-levelcommunicationinSpanish,and
grammarneededtoconstructcompletesentencesinthetargetlanguage.Studentswillask
andanswerquestionsinSpanish.
Spanish2
Spanish2advancesamorecomplexstructureofthelanguageandexpandsuponthe
grammaticalandculturalthemespresentedinSpanish1,includingthestudyofthe
preterit,imperfect,futureandconditionaltenses;adverbs,diminutives,comparatives,and
superlatives.Studentsincreasetheirskillsinreading,writing,listening,andspeaking,and
speakinSpanisheveryday.
Spanish3
Spanish3focusesonareviewofgrammarprincipleswhileemphasizingconversationand
writtenexpression.Thiscourseincreasesthestudent’slanguageskillsinreading,writing,
listening,andspeaking.Studentsspeakinthetargetlanguageeveryday,writeweeklyin
Spanish,andgiveashortpresentationquarterlyinSpanish.Studentsread,discuss,and
analyzeshortstoriesandliterarytexts.
Spanish4Honors
Spanish4Honorsfocusesonanintensivereviewofgrammar,fromsubjectpronounstothe
morecomplexpluperfectsubjunctivemood.Itisdesignedtofurtherincreasethestudents'
languageskillsinreading,writing,listening,andspeaking.Studentsimplementgrammar
andvocabularybywritingweeklycompositionsandpersonaljournals,givinginformal
speeches,andreadingmaterialsoneverydaylifeandculturalaspectsofLatinAmericaand
Spain.Thiscourseincludesanintroductiontomajorartandliteraryworksanddifferent
culturalaspectsofSpanish-speakingcountries.Studentsstudytheworksofvariousartists
andwriters;readandanalyzeshortstories,novels,andprose;andcompareandcontrast
worksofart.ThestudentsmaychoosetotaketheSATSubjectTestinMay.
AdvancedPlacementSpanishLanguageandCulture
TheAPSpanishLanguagecourseisconductedcompletelyinSpanish,andstudentsare
expectedtointeractwitheachotherandtheteacherinSpanishoutsidetheclassroomas
well.Studentsmasterastrongcommandofthelanguagethroughspeaking,writing,
listening,andreading.CurrenteventsandliteraryworksoftheSpanish-speakingworldare
accessedthroughnewspaperandmagazinearticlesaswellasshortstories.Studentsare
requiredtocompletetheCollegeBoardexaminationinMay,androundouttheyearwithan
independentprojectaftertheexam.