13
2
$ $," 0&1
$
1.3)161'
3)1(E !
/'; '( # ;
#"[(
2.4
73( /'; '(4Kk(! 1(' 2&( 2 '(40 ; '
3. (&5#
3.1 ;!5(& /';
arabinose (C5H10O5), cellubiose (C12H12O11), cellulose (C6H10O5), fructose
(C6H12O6), galactose (C6H12O6), glucose (C6H12O6), inulin, maltose (C12H22O11), mannose
(C6H12O6), soluble starch (C6H10O5), sticky rice flour ; sucrose (C12H22O11)
3.2 ;!/0& /';
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), ammonium
sulfate (NH4)2SO4, arginine (C6H14N4O2), asparagines (C4H8N2O3.H20), calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3)
2), glycine (C2H5NO2), glutamic acid(C5H9NO4), peptone, phenylalanine (C9H11NO2), potassium
nitrate (KNO3) ; urea (CH4N2O)
3.3 (&5#(&0&#((&
0& MS /';
ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), boric acid (H3BO3), calcium chloride (CaCl2
2H2O), cobalt chloride (CoCl2 6H2O),copper sulfate (CuSO4 5H2O), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4 7H2O),
glycine (C2H5NO2), potassium iodide (KI), manganese sulfate (MnSO4 H2O), magnesium sulfate
(MgSO4 7H2O), my-o inositol (C6H12O6), nicotinic acid, potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate
(KH2PO4), potassium nitrate (KNO3), pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium ethylene diamine
triacetate (Na2 EDTA), sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4 2H2O), sucrose (C12H22O11), thiamine
hydrochloride ; zinc sulfate (ZnSO4 7H2O)
3.4 (&5#(&0&#((&
0& MFM /';
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), biotine, calcium
chloride (CaCl2 2H2O), copper sulfate (CuSO4 5H2O), D (-) fructose (C6H12O6), D (+) glucose
13
14
(C6H12O6), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4 7H2O), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4 7H2O), my-o inositol
(C6H12O6), nicotinamide, Panthotenic acid, P t aminobenzoic acid, potassium nitrate (KNO3),
Pyridoxine, Riboflavine (C17H20N4 O6), sodium chloride (Nacl), sodium ethylene diamine
triacetate (Na2 EDTA), Succinic acid (C4H6O4) ; Thiamine
4. ((&"!1)"0&#!0(#
0&j(5s4 /';
- MEA (malt extract agar)
- MEA+(MEA + macrostock A + Eriksson microstock + Fries vitamine stock)
- MFM (modified fries medium)
- MS (MURASHIGE and SKOOG)
- PDA (potato dextrose agar
- PDA+(PDA + macrostock A + Eriksson microstock + Fries vitamine stock)
- PDPYA (PDA+ peptone + yeast extract)
$,"
- ocular micrometer
- stage micrometer
- slide ; coverslipe
- 4!04(!
- # 6
- #$(;#
- /#'&&
- 43("!)")6
- &( (4
- '!L(&$
- '!7&&E ; compound 3&'#7$&17L(j(3
- '!7&&E ; stereo 3&'#7$&17L(j(3
- '!7&&E
- K#L(&$
- ("!1)" (
's(E(! 9 J#.
- ("!1)" (
's(E(! 5 J#.
15
- 5&)6!16!/KK((!
- 0'$1)" (larminar air flow cabinet)
- #'I6!54(# (autoclave)
- 0'5&)6!;'4 (hot air oven)
- 0'#1)" (incubator)
- 0(;
- 0(/#5&4K
- 6(75& (
's(E(! 0.5 ##.
- #2#K
- L7!3(
02 + (!&
- &L(!3(
02$0'/#' (
's(E(! 8 2"4
- 5&)6! ("!
&1
1. -2 !"
[(2(&04(!j(504{!) j(5) ;j(50' !
$&E/ &26#0"!;0)&(5# 3.E. 2547 t ( 3.E. 2548 j(504{!
)3)"6!40(!v/'; !47&(1l( l& 1j#2 5& ; j(5
) /'; 31&& 1!# 1!&( [($(! j(50' /'; ! (;37! j(33)"6
4Y$%$k(l&(02#6 0 '/#' I"((12 $k(
4$k( ;3)"6&24
&"[(0JI6!#54(#1)"
! 6
(#(&L&$&(/'(!
4 [((&J)"(1(4'(6
&4&4##( (0('!L26 6/'0'![((&EI()"!0' (4 ( !0
(&$6
) ! 46&&7; 70% 3)6[(/$EI('()6v 0/$
2. #34&- 00%& !"
[(04(!
6&4&4##(EI((!
n(42( )"!0'
[((&EI('()6v 0/$
&((&EI(;!$%
40(!v !"
n(j( !
16
- #4 4 ( !#4 1'/#'&&4 (
's(E(!
!#4 &$&! !#4 !#4"!s24'( ;)")6'( s24 !#44(#$%#)4&);'!;0$%
(!1234((# scale
026&24#4
- '( 4 ( !'( "!54(#4'(! ;54(#(4 (54(#(44(
&245LI!
4$(61)6#02) &$&! !'( "!&24s24'( ;
)")6'( s24&/#(&)#
26!$57#)6v
- &
&'(!
$& I(&&!04 !&0' (
- veil #&)/##6&24'( ;&24#4
- )")6 I !)")6 (&$6;$! !
#)6#(&
{ (&)#)62;s (!1234((#(!/#( 1'# &)0
(!7
n(j(
- EI(&$&(! ( ;
!
22
$& 1' # 6 ( 6(
)")6&240'#46#$%&#([(
/I6!L(4& lactophenol ("[(#(
!0'
'!7&&E6[(! ( 10x 40x ; 100x 4 (
$&6[(! ( 40x 1' ocular
micrometer EI(&$&(! ;
!
22
$& $&!
) 0(!v /'; Both
(1993), Breitenbach ; Kranzlin (1991), Corner (1972), Moser (1994), Snell ; Dick (1970),
Arora (1986) ; &(1Z20
L( (2539) ("[((&I ;L(&$1''!
7&&E; compound 3&'#7$&17L(j(3
- EI( ( ;&$&(! !
2#1' # 6 ( 6()")6
&240'#46#$%&#([(
/I6!L(4& lactophenol ("[(#(
!0''!
7&&E6[(! ( 10x 40x ; 100x 4 ( ! 2# 6[(! ( 40x 1'
ocular micrometer EI(&$&(! ; ( !
2#$&!
) 0(!v 1
4(&EI(
$&
("[((&I
;L(&$1''!7&&E;
compound 3&'#7$&17L(j(3
3. 0-%5&$1&6
[( 6&4&4##( "! 67 12 #(;"!((&"!1)"
PDA slant 1'6#(# v 1'#){$% 2 4 0(#;4(4 (
"1' # 66/K(1)";'40)")6$%12"v ;'4[(#(4(!"!((&"!1)"
17
0&4s54(#
(#(&L(&&2Y !
'((&"!1)" 5-10 4 ;'4[((&I
s(&&2Y !
';012((& PDA slant
4. #3&- 2 [Phlebopus colossus (Heim.) Singer ]
6[(#(EI((!
&&42(" $%
(#(&L&2Y/'6
7(&
! ' 3 ((&;1)"&2
7l2)m ("[(00(#(;1)""!((&"!1)" PDA
slant ;'4[(/$4(!0'#1)" #)6[((&!I!'(
'(!"!(((&
"!1)" PDA 4(!"!0'#"!5&"! !(" 10 4 I!1'6(75& (
's(
E(! 0.5 J#. 0
'3&'#"!((&"!1)"6&24 !5$%12"# v
;012"6/'"5)1)"61'
[(&$1)"!((&61'(&EI((!
&& 42( !
"
4.1 (&&2Y !
'((&"!1)"
!"!
'((&"!1)" 6 12("!1)" 3)6$&
(&&2Y !
';4& [(1)"60&#/4'#(4(!"!((&60&#/4'(
"!1)" (
's(E(! 5 J#. 4(!;s(&!; CRD $&'4 6 &0#0 5)
MEA MEA+ (MEA+ macrostock A + eriksson microstock + fries vitamine stock), MFM, PDA,
PDA+ (PDA+ macrostock A + eriksson microstock + fries vitamine stock) ; PDPYA (PDA +
peptone+yeast extract) ;0&0#0 # 5 J"[(v 5 ( 0&4s4 (
's(E(!
!5
'00(3)6$&((&"!1)";0&0#0 #)65& 10 4
4.2 ;!5(&
!"!
'00(((&"!1)"6#;!5(&0(!v
[(4 12 12 02#
(&5#6$%;!5(&$&2#( 4.80 &# 0((& 1 20& ((&
(basal medium) 61'5) ((& MFM 60 fructose, glucose, my - o inositol ; succinic acid
$&& pH 5.5 ("[(1)"60&#/4'4(!"!((&("!1)" (
's(
E(! 5 J#. 4(!;s(&!; CRD $&'4 13 &0#05) arabinose,
cellubiose, cellulose, fructose, galactose, glucose, inulin, maltose, mannose, soluble starch, sticky
rice flour, sucrose ; control (/#02#;!5(&) &0#0 # 5 J"[(v 5 ( 0&4
s4 (
's(E(! !5
'00(3)6$&((&"!1)"
;0&0#0 #)65& 10 4
4.3 ;!/0&
18
!"!
'00(((&"!1)"6#;!/0&0(!v [(4 12 12 02#
(&5#6$%;!/0&$&2#( 0.58 &# 0((& 1 20&
((& (basal medium) 61'5) ((&"!1)" MFM 60 ammonium chloride $&&
pH 5.5 [(1)"60&#/4'4(!"!((&("!1)" (
's(E(! 5 J#. 4(!;s
(&!; CRD $&'4 13 &0#0 5) ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate,
ammonium sulfate, arginine, asparagine, calcium nitrate, glycine, glutamic acid, peptone,
phenylalanine, potassium nitrate, urea ; control (/#02#;!/0&) ;0&0#0
# 5 J"[(v 5 ( 0&4s4 (
's(E(! !5
'00(3)6$&
((&"!1)";0&0#0 #)65& 10 4
4.4 ;
!
4(!
!"!
'00( ((&"!1)" MFM & pH 5.5 [(
1)"60&#/4'4(!"!((&JI6!("!1)" (
's(E(! 5 J#.4(!;s(&
!; CRD $&'4 2 &0#0 &0#06 1 4(!"!
''/'&;
!
4(!$02
'!$202(& 12 1#. / 4 &0#06 2 4(!"!6#) 24 1#. / 4 0(&! 0&4
s4 (5 !
'3)6$&&4(! 2 &0#0 #)65& 10 4
4.5 7j#2
!"!
'00( ((&"!1)" MFM & pH 5.5 [(
1)"60&#/4'4(!"!((&JI6!("!1)" (
's(E(! 5 J#. ("[(/$
#"!0'$&7j#2JI6!$&7j#2/4'6&0(!v 5) 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5 ; 35 0C
0(#[( 4(!;s(&!; CRD $&'4 7 &0#0 ;0&0#0# 5 J"[(v 5
( 0&4s4 (
's(E(! !5
'00(3)6$&;0
&0#0 #)65& 10 4
4.6 54(#$%& - (!
0&#((&"!1)" MFM /#0'!02#47'((& ("$&& pH '
#14!(!14! 1 &26#0'6& pH 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 &4# 8 &'4 NaOH 1N &)
HCl 1N (&!"1'((&$&2#( 10 #. K(
5 ( 200 #. 1' # 6/K(1)"
61)"00(60&#/4';'4#(4(!"!((& ("#1)"5&)6! ("!54(#&4
100 &0( 67j#2'! ($&#( 26-32 0C) #1)"( 30 4 4(!;s(&!;
CRD $&'4 8 &0#0 0"!;0& pH 3 t 10 ;0&0#0# 5 J"[(v 5 4 #)6
5& 30 4[(
'00(6"!((&4/$&!1'&(&! ;'4I![(/$
19
;'!67j#2 50 0C ( 24 1#. ;[(/$16!"[('45&)6!16! (4 0[(;!) 3)6
$&"[( !
'00(;0&0#0
4.7 41)"
'00( (Phlebopus colossus Heim.) Singer 61' (&!$%
'6"!/4'((&"!1)" PDA 67j#2'! #)61)"#(7 10 4I!1'6(75&
(
's(E(! 5 ##. 0
4 !
'3&'#"!((&"!1)"6&24 5
$%12"# ;012"6/'"5) 1)"61'
[(&!41)"4
7 41)"4
7$&'4
'(4Kk(! 1('
'(40 &( ;2 4
761'[(41)"4
70'!s
#' '(
;s
#"[([('#54(#1)"$&#( 70 % ("&&7!K(
5 ( 250 #. $&2#( 200
. ;7'47
[([(/$I6!(1)"654(#/ 15 $00(&(!2"4 $%4( 40 ( 2 &
&';'4I!1' # 66/K(1)";'4 6
'!/$4
741)"
0&0(!v
41)"4
7
0&0(! v #!"
0&6 1 '(4Kk(!
0&6 2 '(4Kk(! + 1('
(1:1 $&2#(0&)
0&6 3 '(40 + 2 (1:1 $&2#(0&)
0&6 4 '(40 + &( (1:1 $&2#(0&)
0&6 5 '(4Kk(! + 1('
+ 2 (1:1:1 $&2#(0&)
0&6 6 1('
+ 2 (1: 1 $&2#(0&)
0&6 7 1('
+ &( (1 : 1 $&2#(0&)
0&4s(&&2Y !
'41)"4
7
0&0(! v 3)6)
0&6
#(0(&&2Y !
'00(#(6
7 ;'4[(/$!0 ' 4.8
4.8 (&&2Y4
73(L7!3(
02
4
761'3($%4
741)"6/'((&! ' 4.7 JI6!
'00(
(#(&L&2Y/'6
7 s
#4
73(' '( s
#"[([('#54(#1)"$&#( 70 % &&7
L7!3(
02 ( 7x12 2"4 [(4 25 L7! (800 &# / L7!) 4
7';3
#54& 5 4
3(
02;7'47
[( [(/$I6!(1)"654(#/ 15 $ 00(&(!2"4 $%4( 60 (
0"!2"!/4''I! 61)"(4
741)"!/$ 1 1'0L7! #)61)"&2Y0#4
73(;'4 I!I!7
[(3$(L7!!#(')4
73($&#( 1 J#. $s24'( (casing) '42&4 &
"[(4 2 5&"!1'(; 0&4s(&&2Y !
'4
73(3)64(
(#(&L3o(
$%L7!3(
02/&)/#
20
5. 5-
*%C 0#3,D&&-C- 2
2&
2*%
3(#
![(#
#([((&K(1)"6s24'4
;54(# '# ' 70% ( 30 42( LI! 1 ( (";15&J 20 % ( 20 - 30
( [(/$'(!'4"[(6I6!(1)" 3 5&"! ;'4I![(#3)1/$4(!"!((&
0& MS 6
$&(E(
(&5457#(&&2Y020 4(!"!67j#2'! #)6#!$%0'I!'(
'
00(/$4(!"! 463("!0' 1'6(75&(&24 !5
'6"!((&"!1)" PDA ("I!1' # 6 v 1)"/$4(!"! 46#0'
3)14(!(!(&245 !0'3)1 1 J#. (&!4" (!;s(&!; CRD
$&'4 4 17(&! 5)
17(&! 6 1 175457# 4(!"!
'(!4
17(&! 6 2 4(!"!
'&4#0' !3)1#)63)1!/' 1 4
17(&! 6 3 4(!"!
'&4#0' !3)1#)63)1!/' 5 4
17(&! 6 44(!"!
'&4#0' !3)1#)63)1!/' 10 4
;0&0#0 # 5 J"[(v 5 4 0&4s$& (5 !
'
&4(! &0#0 #)65& 10 4 ;0&4(&2/#5/&J(6&(3)1 0&24
4$( !&(u #(0&4'4'!7&&E ; compound ;; stereo $%4(
30 4 !(#
!$%0'
6. *%5*%
$3)1 4 12 JI6!$&'43)16 $42l3(# 5)
'( ;
3)16$1'26!0 5) #"[( ;# $3)1"! 4 12
&L(!3(
02 (
's(E(! 8 2"4 #)63)1(7/' 6 ) I!$1)"!/$ 1)"61'
(&!$%1)"00( (Phlebopus colossus Heim.) Singer JI6!$%1)"6/'((&!
;1)"&2
7l2m 261'$$%2s
#6/#/'(1)" #
4s
# 5) 2&4 : ; :
#44 ( 2 :2 :1 $&2#(0&) #)6$1)"
&I![(&L(!$4(!/4'(!;'! &"[(4 1
5&"!
42l(&$1)" # 3 42l /'
21
1.1'
'00(6"!((&"!1)" [(;s&24&(u !3)1
!'4(&1'#) "6&24&( ("[(
'6"!((&"!1)"("!1)"
(
's(E(! 4 J#. (7 10 4 7'#6&24&(3)16[(;s ;'4[(0'3)1!$
&L(!0(#2# ;&"[(0(#$02 0&4(&&2Y !
'&24&(3)1 7v 1 ) $%
4( 18 ) 0&24&(u !0'/#'#(0&4'4'!7&&E; stereo ;
; compound 3)60&4(&&2Y !
'&6 (3)1
2.1'41)"
0&6
'
(#(&L&2Y/'6
7((&! ' 4.7
[(;s&24&(u !3)1!'4(& " ("[(41)"$&2#( 200 &# !/$&!
'&L(! ;'4[(0'3)1!$0(#2# &"[(0(#$02 0&4(&&2Y !
'&24&(
3)1 7v 1 ) $%4( 18 ) 0&24&(u !0'/#'#(0&4'4'!7&&E
; stereo ; ; compound 3)60&4(&&2Y !
'&6 (3)1
3.1'
$&(
6[(#(1'5) 00( [Phlebopus colossus
(Heim.) Singer] [(;s&24&(u !3)1!'4(& " ("[(6#4#
(
's(E (! $&#( 5 J#. {$%12"v ;'4&!6'&L(![(0'3)1!
$0(#2# &"[(0(#$02 0&4(&&2Y !
'&24&(3)1 7v 1 ) $%4( 18
) 0&24&(u !0'/#'#(0&4'4'!7&&E; stereo ; ;
compound 3)60&4(&&2Y !
'&6 (3)1
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz